DC MICROGRID PART-2

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Contents
Introduction
DC MG System Overview
1.Single-bus Topology
2.Multi-bus Topology
3.Reconfigurable Topology
Application of DC MGs to Future SGs
1.High Efficiency Households
2.Renewable Energy Parks
3.Hybrid Energy storage system
4.Electric Vehicle fast charging stations
Grounding and Protection in DC MGs
Conclusion and future trends
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Introduction
DC Microgrids are high reliability and efficiency, simpler control
and natural interface with renewable energy sources
(RESs),Electronic loads and Energy storage system(ESSs).

The state of art in DC MG Protection and grounding is provided.

Owing to the fact that there is no zero current crossing, arc that
appears upon breaking Dc current cannot be extinguished naturally,
making the protection of DC MGs a challenging problem.

The Practical Protective schemes and their integration into overall

protection system is provided.

DC Distribution network is well as compared to AC Distribution

network system. So DC system operated autonomously or connected
to AC utility mains.
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DC MG SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.Single-bus Topology
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DC MGs bus through dedicated

converter.
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Bipolar single bus DC MG

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2.Multi-bus Topology

Higher availability and reliability.

Location of intervention is on the load side where critical load
automatically select the bus to be supplied from based on
higher voltage.
MGs able to inject or absorb power from its neighboring MGs
in case of shortage or surplus of power.
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Multiple bus DC MG With Converter

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SST Enabled DC MG

Low voltage DC distribution systems can be interfaced to

medium voltage AC utility mains through SST.
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3.Reconfigurable Topology-

Each nodes are controlled by intelligent electronic

devices(IEDs)
High reliability and redundant operation.
Load connected to the common DC bus can be fed bi-
directionally, alternating path is provided ring bus in case of
fault.
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Zonal DC Grid-

This type DC MG comprised of multiple DC distribution units,

with each one of them being conn.in series to form zonal
architecture.
Load power supplied by upper bus, in case of failure the switch
are turn off and switches the lower side turn on to change
source bus.
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Multi-terminal DC MG-

MTDC architecture was originally for HVDC systems. e.g off

shore wind farms.
DC distribution network is fed by multiple input terminals.system
usually mesh configuration.
More flexible.
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Application of DC MGs

1.High efficiency Households

2.Renewable Energy Parks.
3.Hybrid Energy storage systems.
4.Electric vehicle fast charging stations
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Types of faults-

LG Fault can low or high fault impedance.

LL Fault has a low impedance.
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Grounding-
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Advantages-
To mitigate the electricity costs to its users by generating
some of its electricity needs.
Increasing overall energy efficiency
In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by
reducing the load on the grid.

Dis Advantages
ESS In battery banks requiring more space and maintenance.
Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.
Microgrids protections is one of the most important
challenges facing the implementation of microgrids.
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Conclusion and Future trends -

Transformation of Microgrids system today into the intelligent,
robust energy delivery system in the future by providing
significant reliability and security benefits.

Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on

interaction phenomena between distribution generation and high
penetration of distributed generation.

To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration,

experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage
control methods under various operation modes.
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References
Tomislav Dragicevic, Member, IEEE, Xiaonan Lu, Member,
IEEE, Juan C. Vasquez, Senior Member, IEEE and Josep M.
Guerrero, Fellow, IEEE

Web sources
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