SRU6024

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Semester 2, Session 2016/2017

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENTS
(Critical Review)

LECTURERS NAME:
DR. CHE NIDZAM CHE AHMAD

PREPARED BY:
MAIZATUL SARAH BT YAHAYA M 20161000600
 Critical Review about
Interactive Learning Medium in Science Education
By Maizatul Sarah Bt Yahaya

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this critical review, 5 journal will used as the reference and comparison. The
discussion of these 5 journals will be focusing only on the validity and reliability of the
instruments used in the research. As the topic are focusing on the interactive medium of
learning, the journals used in this review are based on the interactive medium.
The journals that are used in this review are stated as Table 1 below:
No Title of Article Journal Author Year
. Publish
1. Keberkesanan penggunaan pelbagai media Rian Vebrianto & 2012
pengajaran dalam meningkatkan kemahiran Kamisah Osman,2012
proses sains dalam kalangan pelajar

Effectiveness of using various learning media in

increasing science process skills among students
2. Keberkesanan proses pembelajaran Siti Hajar Halili,Shukri 2011
menggunakan teknologi sidang video. Sulaiman& Mohd Razha
Bin Abdul Rashid,2011
Effectiveness of learning process using video
conference technology.
3. Keberkesanan penggunaan I-think terhadap Rosnidar 2015
pencapai ian dan minat murid dalam tajuk sifat Mansor,Haeidatul
bahan, Sains Tahun 4 Nashrah,Norazilawati
Abdullah & Nik
Effectiveness of using I-think on the students Azmah,2015
achievements and interest in Year 4 Science
Topic Material Science.
4. Penggunaan modul interaktif dengan agen Lee Tien Tien & 2012
pedagogi dalam pembelajaran elektrokimia: Kamisah Osman,2012
Kesan terhadap pemahaman konsep
elektrokimia

Interactive Modul as pedagogical agent in

electrochemicals learning: Effects on the
electrochemicals concept understandings
5. Kesan Penggunaan Kartun Melalui Persekitaran Muhammad Aizad 2016
Pembelajaran Maya VLE FROG ke atas pelajar Mohd Nasir,2016
ekonomi asas

Effects of Using Cartoons through Virtual

Learning Environmenat (VLE FROG) on basics
economics students.
Table 1
 2.0 SUMMARY OF THE JOURNAL
This section would briefly explain about research conducted in the journals
discussed. This section will give focus on the validity and reliability of the
instrument used in the research. Below is the summary table of the article that is
used in this review:
Articl Research Research Pilot
Validity Reliability
e no. Method Instrument Study
1 Quasi- Achievement Test Conducted Using expert -Using Chronbach Alpha
Experiment 1) Pre-Test on 36 percentage analysis for each construct
2) Post Test students agreement in test
- Containing 4 -alpha value for each
construct of construct
Science Process Construct 1 -0.8
skills Construct 2 - 0.70
Construct 3 -0.79
Construct 4 -0.71
2 Survey Questionare using 4 point Not stated Not specifically Not specifically stated
Likert Scale stated

3 Experimenta 1. Achievement Test Conducted -Not stated for

l a) Pre-Test on 30 achievement
b) Post Test students test
- Questionnaire For Questionnaire
2.Questionnaire (for (using existing -Using Chronbach alpha
measuring interest) questionnaire Alpha value = 0.523
from
Farhanah,2011)

4 Quasi- Achievement Test -Only stated - Using expert -Using Kuder Richardson
Experiment 1)Pre-Test pilot test had agreement reliability index KR20:
2)Post Test conducted. percentage
through Item -KR20 value for each test.
Specification 1. Pre Test = 0.65
Table (JSU) 2. Post Test= 0.71

5 Quasi- Achievement Test Pilot test had the article the article stated that the
Experiment 1)Pre-Test been stated that the validation had been done
2)Post Test conducted validation had generally
been done
generally

Table 2 : Summary of research in article journal.

The 5 journal that is used in this review were quantitative research. For research conducted
in Journal 1,3,4 and 5 the instrument used is achievement test. All this 4 research want to
measured the students ability through pre-test and post test. As for research in journal 2, the
research conducted to measure the achievement and students interest. For students
 achievement the researcher use pre test and post test and for the interest the researcher use
questionnaire. For research in article 2, the researcher only use questionnaire but no
statement about the validity and reliability of the instruments mention.

3.0 DISSCUSSIONS
This section will discuss about the validity and reliability of the instruments used in the
research conducted in the journals.
In article journal 1, Effectiveness of using various learning media in increasing science
process skills among students (Rian Vebrianto & Kamisah Osman,2012) stated that the
research method used is quasi-experiment. The instrument used is achievement test. This
researcher look as carefully design their instruments as the test has been proven valid by
using expert agreement percentage. Each construct was individually going through the
reliability test Cronbach alpha and the value of alpha for each construct are >0.5 which are
quite higher. According to Pallant (2001), the value of alpha value greater or same with
0.7 the internal consistency is good. That means the instrument is reliable to be used. As
stated in Table 2 above, the value of each constructs are higher than 0.7. Therefore, the
instruments can be said had meet the reliability requirement for good instrument.
For article journal 2, Effectiveness of learning process using video conference
technology(Siti Hajar Halili,Shukri Sulaiman& Mohd Razha Bin Abdul Rashid,2011), the
studies was using survey design research. The instrument used in this research is
questionnaire. But the author of the journal did not state the validity and reliability of the
instrument use. However in this article it does mention about the instrument used are
mixture of self-build and adaptation of the previous studies. In my opinion, this research
questionnaire should went through the validity and reliability test first. the article only
mention that they used Gagnes Theory based and comparing their data with previous
studies as for me the used of the reliability test can make the studies become more reliable
for future used.
Effectiveness of using I-think on the students achievements and interest in Year 4 Science
Topic Material Science by Rosnidar Mansor et. al ,2015, used two instruments. One is
achievement pre-test and post-test to measure the achievement among students and the
second one is using a questionnaire to measure the students interest. The researcher using
existing questionnaire to measure the students interest. So the researcher does not need to
run validity process. The questionnaire was analyse using Cronbach alpha and the value of
alpha is 0.523 which is smaller than 0.7. So ,actually now the questionnaire have poor
reliability. The questionnaire should be modified to increase the value of alpha. As for the
achievement test, the article did not mention how they get the validity and reliability of the
test.
Journal 4, Interactive Modul as pedagogical agent in electrochemical learning: Effects on
the electrochemical concept understandings. This research used quasi-experiment method
to study whether changes in learning medium affecting students concept understandings.
The instruments that is used in the study is achievement test. This test was conducted in
pre-test and post-test. The researcher just mentioning that the pilot test was conducted but
did not mention how much is the respondent. The researcher state that the instrument has
been validate by using expert percentage agreement. That shows that the instrument use to
measure are well validate as they use the Item Specification Table. The reliability test was
run on the instrument using Kuder Richardson KR20 and the value of the instrument are
categorized as having good reliability. So the instrument that used in this studies are
validate and having good reliability. I could be used consistently.
Journal 5, Effects of Using Cartoons through Virtual Learning Environment (VLE
FROG) on basics economics students (Muhammad Aizat Nasir,2016) was also using quasi-
experiment method. Achievement test was used as the instruments in this study. In the
article, the author does state that the pilot study has been conducted but did not mention the
number of respondent. For validity, the article just mention that the item has been validate
generally without mentioning the ways of validating it. The reliability also mention in
general. The researchers should state the reliability value to make strong point in the
studies. So the instruments of this research just stated that it is valid and reliable but did
include the solid proofs such as reliability values and validation method.

4.0 CONCLUSION
Overall, 4 from the 5 researches has been conducted using the experimental or
quasi-experiment method. Most of them are using achievement test as the instrument to
gather data for the studies. Siti Hajar Halili,Shukri Sulaiman& Mohd Razha Bin Abdul
Rashid,2011 in his research used survey method and the instrument used I questionnaire to
gather the information. Rosnidar Mansor et al ,2015 , using two instrument as she wants
to measure the achievement and students interest. From this review, two type of the
instruments widely used are achievement test and questionnaire. The reliability for the
instrument used Cronbach analysis and also used Kuder Richardson reliability index. For
validity, in most of the journals using expert percentage agreement as it was one of the
convenient ways to validate the instruments.
 The instruments is the important tool in a research as it determine the outcome of
the research. Therefore, choosing the most suitable instruments for a research we want to
conduct is an important thing to do. The researcher must know what kind of validity and
reliability they want to run so that a good instrument will be produce and put in a good use
in future.

5.0 REFERENCE
Keberkesanan Penggunaan Pelbagai Media Pengajaran dalam meningkatkan Kemahiran
Proses Sains dalam Kalangan Pelajar
Rian Vebriato &Kamisah Osman,2012
Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 37(1)(2012): 1-11

Keberkesanan Proses Pembelajaran Menggunakan Teknologi Sidang Video

Siti Hajar Halili,Shukri Sulaiman, & Mohd Razha Bin Abdul Rashid,2011
Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 36(1)(2011): 55-65

Keberkesanan Penggunaan I-Think Terhadap Pencapaian dan Minat Murid Dalam Tajuk
Sifat Bahan,Sains Tahun 4
Rosnidar Mansor,Haeidatul Nashrah,Norazilawati Abdullah & Nik Azmah,2015
Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia Vol 5 No.2. Jun 2015

Penggunaan Modul Multimedia Interaktif dengan Agen Pedagogi dalam pembelajaran

elektrokimia: Kesan terhadap pemahaman konsep dalam elektrokimia
Lee Tien Tien & Kamisah Osman, 2012
Sains Malaysiana 41(10)(2012): 13011307

Kesan Penggunaan Kartun Melalui Persekitaran Pembelajaran Maya(Frog VLE) keatas

pelajar ekonomi asas
Muhammad Aizat Md. Nasir,Khoo Yin Yin & Zainizam bin Zakariya (2016)
APPENDIXES
 JADUAL PERBANDINGAN ARTIKEL JURNAL
INSTRUMEN
TAJUK PENGKAJI KAEDAH KAJIAN KAJIAN RINTIS KEESAHAN KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN
KAJIAN
Keberkesanan Rian Vebriato & Kuasi Eksperimen 1.Ujian Pra Dijalankan ke atas -dilakukan dengan -Menggunakan Analisis
penggunaan Kamisah 2. Ujian Pos 36 orang murid menggunakan Chronbach Alpa
pelbagai media Osman,2012 -ujian terdiri peratus persetujuan -analisis dibuat untuk setiap
pengajaran dalam daripada 4 konstruk pakar. konstruk. Nilai alpha untuk
meningkatkan setiap konstruk
kemahiran proses K1 -0.8
sains dalam K2- 0.70
kalangan pelajar K3-o.79
K4-0.71
Keberkesanan Siti Hajar Survey Soal Selidik skala Tidak dinyatakan Tidak dinyatakan Tidak dinyatakan
proses Halili,Shukri Likert 4 mata
pembelajaran Sulaiman& Mohd
menggunakan Razha Bin Abdul
teknologi sidang Rashid,2011
video
Keberkesanan Rosnidar Eksperimental 1.Ujian Pra/Pos Dijalankan keatas Untuk instrument Analisis Chronbach alpha
penggunaan Ithink Mansor,Haeidatul 2.Soal Selidik 30 orang murid ujian tak dinyatakan Nilai alpha = 0.523
terhadap pencapai Nashrah,Norazilawat (mengkaji minat) -untuk soal selidik
ian dan minat murid i Abdullah & Nik 3. Temubual (minat) (guna soal selidik
dalam tajuk sifat Azmah,2015 sedia ada dari
bahan, Sains Tahun Farhana,2011)
4
Penggunaan modul Lee Tien Tien & Kuasi-Eksperimen 1.Ujian Pra Dijalankan -peratus persetujuan -Menggunakan indeks
interaktif dengan Kamisah 2.Ujian Pos pakar dengan kebolehpercayaan KR20
agen pedagogi Osman,2012 berpandukan JPU bagi kedua-dua
dalam pembelajaran (Jadual Penentu instrumen.Nilai KR20 bagi :
elektrokimia: Kesan Ujian) 1. Ujian Pra = 0.65
terhadap 2. Ujian Pos= 0.71
pemahaman konsep
elektrokimia
Kesan Penggunaan Muhammad Aizad Kuasi-Eksperimen 1-Ujian Pra Dijalankan -hanya nyatakan hanya nyatakan dibuat tapi
Kartun Melalui Mohd Nasir,2016 2-Ujian Pasca -tapi tak dinyatakan dibuat tapi tak tak dinyatakan bagaimana
Persekitaran bilangan sampel dinyatakan
Pembelajaran Maya bagaimana
VLE FROG ke atas
pelajar ekonomi
asas