SBI 3013

GROUP B

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOLOGY

SIMULATIONS

Members
1) Mimi Nurasyikin Binti Shamsudin
( D20162075565 )

2) Nur Fatini Izzati Binti Mohd

( D20162075567)

3) Nurhanisah Najwa Binti Ahmad Yani

( D20162075569)

Dates 11 APRIL 2017

Lecture En. Azmi Bin Ibrahim

 WHAT IS SIMULATION?

Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system

over time. The act of simulating something first requires that a model be developed; this model
represents the key characteristics, behaviors and functions of the selected physical or abstract
system or process.

Computer simulation is the discipline of designing a model of an actual or theoretical physical

system, executing the model on a digital computer, and analyzing the execution output.
Simulation embodies the principle of ``learning by doing'' --- to learn about the system we must
first build a model of some sort and then operate the model.

Simulations are abstractions of reality. Often they deliberately emphasize one part of
reality at the expense of other parts. Sometimes this is necessary due to computer power
limitations. Sometimes it's done to focus attention on an important aspect of the simulation.
Whereas models are mathematical, logical, or some other structured representation of reality.
Simulations are the specific application of models to arrive at some outcome. There have three
type of simulation which is live, virtual and constructive. A simulation also may be a
combination of two or more styles. Within these styles, simulations can be science-based, or
involve interactions with humans.

Live simulations typically involve humans or equipment and activity in a setting where
they would operate for real. Think war games with soldiers out in the field or manning command
posts. Time is continuous, as in the real world. Another example of live simulation is testing a
car battery using an electrical tester.

Virtual simulations typically involve humans and/or equipment in a computer-controlled setting.

Time is in discrete steps, allowing users to concentrate on the important stuff, so to speak. A
flight simulator falls into this category.

Constructive simulations typically do not involve humans or equipment as participants.

Rather than by time, they are driven more by the proper sequencing of events. The anticipated
path of a hurricane might be "constructed" through application of temperatures, pressures, wind
currents and other weather factors. Science-based simulations are typically constructive in
nature.
Application of Simulation

Modeling is a method of solving problems, in which the system under study is replaced by a
simple object that describes the real system and/or its behavior and is called a model.

Simulation is used when conducting experiments on a real system would be impossible or

impractical: for example, because of the high cost of prototyping and testing, or because the
fragility of the system will not support extensive tests, or because of the duration of the
experiment in real time is impractical.

Bits, not atoms. We need to distinguish between physical and mathematical modeling. An
example of a physical model is a scale copy of an airplane in a wind tunnel. Simulations are a
special class of computer-based mathematical models whose behavior is dictated by equations
and algorithms, typically based on data, and represented by some type of computer user
interface. These models mimic the behavior of some real-world system and develop theoretical
outputs based on varying input data. This allows the simulation user to examine complex
behavior and scenarios on a wide range of conditions far more quickly and inexpensively than
with physical systems.
Steps Of Simulations

For developing a simulation model, designing a simulation experiment, and performing

simulations analysis are :

Steps 1 : Identify the problem

Steps 2 : Formulate the problem

Steps 3 : Collect and process real system data.

Steps 4 : Formulate and develop a model

Steps 5 : Validate the model.

Steps 6 : Document model for future use.

Steps 7 : Select appropriate experimental design.

Steps 8 : Establish experimental conditions for runs

Steps 9 : Perform simulations runs.

Steps 10 : Interpret and present results.

Steps 11 : Recommend further course of action.

The graf

Picture A: Conducting Experiments:

Manupulated variables : Popolation of owl

Reponding variable : Number of palm tree

Constant variable : Population of rat

Burung hantu : 15

Tikus : 13 000 Population of owl

: 10

Population of rat
: 13 000

From the original graf the population of owl is 10 and the population of rat is 13,000. The graf
show that number of palm tree is incerasing until the end of observation.

Years
00.0 25.00
Palm Tree 2000000000 1.0e+009
Population of owl 10 4
Population of rat 13 000 20 000

From this graf, if the population of owl decrease, the population of rat increase. So, the number
of palm tree increase.
Picture B : Increase the population of owl

Population of owl : 15

Population of rat : 13 000

From the graf, we set the population of owl is 15 and the population of rat is 13,000. The graf
show that number of palm tree is increasing until the end of observation.

Years
00.0 25.00
Palm Tree 2000 000 000 8000 000 000
Population of owl 15 11
Population of rat 13 000 10 000

From this graf, if we set the population of owl at 15, at the end of the years it will decrease to 11.
Then, we set he population of rat at 13 000, at the end of the years it will decrease to 10 000. So,
the number of palm tree will increase from 2000 000 000 to 8000 000 000.
Picture C : Decrease the population of owl.

Population of owl : 5

Population of rat : 13 000

From the graf, we set the population of owl is 5 and the population of rat is 13,000. The graf
show that number of palm tree is increasing until the end of observation.

Years
00.0 25.00
Palm Tree 2000 000 000 1.0e+009
Population of owl 5 4
Population of rat 13 000 15 000

From this graf, if we set the population of owl at 5, at the end of the years it will decrease to 4.
Then, we set he population of rat at 13 000, at the end of the years it will increase to 15 000. So,
the number of palm tree will increase from 2000 000 000 to 1.0e+009.
ADVANTAGES OF SIMULATION

Simulation is best suited to analyze complex and large practical problems when it is not possible
to solve them through a mathematical method.Simulation is flexible, hence changes in the
system variables can be made to select the best solution among the various alternatives.In
simulation, the experiments are carried out with the model without disturbing the system.Policy
decisions can be made much faster by knowing the options well in advance and by reducing the
risk of experimenting in the real system

DISADVANTAGES OF SIMULATION

Simulation does not generate optimal solutions.It may take a long time to develop a good
simulation model.In certain cases simulation models can be very expensive.The decision-maker
must provide all information (depending on the model) about the constraints and conditions for
examination, as simulation does not give the answers by itself.
HOW SIMULATION CAN IMPROVE THE MOTIVATE STUDENTS?

Games and simulations can be rich learning environments for students. Students today have
grown up playing games and using interactive tools such as the Internet, phones, and other
appliances. Games and simulations enable students to solve real-world problems in a safe
environment and enjoy themselves while doing so.

For example doing experiential learning that can approach to education focuses on "learning by
doing," on the participant's subjective experience. The role of the educator is to design "direct
experiences" that include preparatory and reflective exercises.

Problem-based Learning (PBL) is an instructional method that challenges students to "learn to

learn," working in groups to seek solutions to real world problems. The process replicates the
commonly used systemic approach to resolving problems or meeting challenges that are
encountered in life, and will help prefer students for their careers.

Another use of simulation is service learning which is a type of teaching that combines academic
content with civic responsibility in some community project. The learning is structured and
supervised and enables the student to reflect on what has taken place. Social networking tools
enable faculty to engage students in new and different means of communication. Lastly,
simulaton can use in teaching Diverse Students where instructors today encounter a diverse
population in their courses and many times need assistance in knowing how to deal with them.
CONCLUSION

A simulator is a device that may use any combination of sound, sight, motion and smell to make
you feel that you are experiencing an actual situation. Some video games are good examples of
low-end simulators. For example, you have probably seen or played race car arcade games.

The booths containing these games have a steering wheel, stick shift, gas and brake pedals and a
display monitor. You use these devices to "drive" your "race car" along the track and through
changing scenery displayed on the monitor. As you drive, you hear the engine rumble, the brakes
squeal and the metal crunch if you crash. Some booths use movement to create sensations of
acceleration, deceleration and turning. The sights, sounds and feel of the game booth combine to
create, or simulate, the experience of driving a car in a race.

Most people first think of "flight simulators" or "driving simulators" when they hear the term
"simulation." But simulation is much more because they can recreate experiences, simulations
hold great potential for training people for almost any situation. Education researchers have, in
fact, determined that people, especially adults, learn better by experience than through reading or
lectures. Simulated experiences can be just as valuable a training tool as the real thing.
REFFERENCES

http://www.ist.ucf.edu/background.htm

http://www.anylogic.com/use-of-simulation

https://www.google.com/search?q=steps+of+simulations&safe=active&espv=2&source=lnms&t
bm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXvcDHuZrTAhVIMY8KHUBEAhIQ_AUICSgC&biw=124

http://pedagogy.merlot.org/TeachingStrategies.html