2017 Steam Power Systems Product Catalog

GE Power
Smarter. Cleaner.
Steam Power.
2017 STEAM POWER SYSTEMS PRODUCT CATALOG
CONTENTS
4 - 17 INTRODUCTION
18 - 31 PLANT INTEGRATOR APPROACH
32 - 43 DIGITAL FOR STEAM POWER PLANT
44 - 51 BOILERS
52 - 61 STEAM TURBINES
62- 73 GENERATORS
74 - 77 HEAT EXCHANGERS
78 - 109 AIR QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEMS (AQCS)
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2 3
and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. otherwise, without the prior written permission of the General Electric Company or its concerned affiliate.
INTRODUCTION CEO LETTER
Growing energy demand. Reliable power.

Affordable electricity. Increasing regulations.
Access to financing. These are just some of the
challenges our customers are facing today.
Over the past year, GEs Steam Power Systems have further accelerated the development of our leading efficiency,
lower emissions technology to respond to these needs and deliver more value to our customers. We are dedicated to
technologies that are improving economics, are cleaner, more sustainable and respectful of environmental objectives.
Today the newest coal plants being built are using GEs ultra-supercritical technology that can deliver
over 47.5% net plant efficiency rates significantly higher than the global average of 33%. And we are
pushing the technologys limit to improve the efficiency even further. Available today, our double reheat
technology and the application of more advanced operating parameters in both single reheat and double
reheat configurations delivers further performance gains - bringing plant efficiency close to 50%.
We have also launched our new Digital Power Plant for Steam. In a post COP21 world, we believe the
best results will come from balancing a mix of fuel sources and creating maximum efficiency through
the power of digital. By combining the physical strengths of our legacy Alstom steam technologies
with GEs industry-leading digital capabilities, we can help our customers enhance the operating
performance of their power plants to increase efficiency, lower emissions and reduce cost.
And as the worlds regulations become even stricter, our technology is ready to respond. GEs broad portfolio of
air quality control systems can help further lower atmospheric emissions to meet or exceed the worlds strictest
regulations. Lower emissions mean cleaner air for local communities and less impact on the environment.
With local teams in more than 70 countries around the world, we have global reach and local expertise in
places like India, China, Latin America, Southeast Asia and Africa where we are helping our customers to
deliver affordable power, local jobs, and better infrastructure to help growing economies. Our employees
use a century of steam power expertise to help customers overcome their toughest challenges.
Its all about delivering higher efficiency, lower emissions and better economics for our customers around this world.
This is our commitment to you.
Andreas Lusch
President & CEO - Steam Power Systems
Its all about delivering higher efficiency, lower emissions

Smarter. Cleaner. Steam Power. and better economics for our customers around
this world. This is our commitment to you.
4 5
INTRODUCTION
Powering Everyone The global energy mix

The growing energy demand In a post COP21 world, countries are putting more emphasis on attaining the right mix of fuel sources to
meet demand and emissions goals, as well as provide energy security. In most countries, a mix that includes
renewables, gas and coal power generation will meet the competing objectives for reliable, affordable power.
Today, two billion people lack access to sufficient or reliable power needed to support social and
economic development, and more than a billion people dont have any access to electricity at all.
Reliable, high quality energy goes hand in hand with higher per capita incomes and enables Coal Nuclear Gas Other
economic development, creates local jobs and drives higher living standards.
4500
4000 NAM
3500
Installed
Base
41% 7% 23% 30% 6,494 GW
Installed Base
Residential consumption per capita kWh/year
3000
Japan
2500
Oceania
2000
Asia excl. Europe

1500 Japan
Electricity
42% 11% 21% 26% 24,040 TWh
1000 Sub LAM MENAT Generated Electricity Generated
Saharan
India
500 Africa Russia & CIS
China
0
Source: GE Marketing
GDP per capita (log scale)
2 billion 40 %
Market drivers
people lack access to of the worlds electricity is
reliable power. produced from coal today. Coal power continues
Affordable energy
Available and reliable supply to be a vital part of the
18 %
95 % Fuel flexibility
Emissions regulations
global energy mix
of all future power capacity additions will of the global demand will come from
be coal or oil-fired steam power plants. fast-growing economies in India, China,
Asia, the Middle East and Africa.
6 7
INTRODUCTION MARKET DRIVERS
Future of coal power generation GE forecasts that there will be approximately 275GW
Today, 40% of the worlds electricity is produced from coal and we predict that its share will decrease
of new steam power plants over the next 5 years.
to 30%, over the next decade. 95% of this will come from fast-growing economies in India, China, Asia,
These will mostly use ultra-supercritical (USC) technology or even more advanced steam parameters,
the Middle East and Africa. With 2660 GW of installed capacity and nearly 900 billion tons of reserves,
will produce 25% less CO2 than the average installed plant today and will need to comply with
coal remains a self-sufficient and affordable means to produce power and provide energy security.
the latest and most stringent emissions regulations that the industry has ever seen.
At the same time, the variety and quality of the fuels to be used are expected to be
Forecast demand for coal over the next decade more challenging than todays standard internationally traded coals.
The trend to lower grade fuels:

36% China
Bituminous coals account for the majority of the fuel to be used; however, the calorific value
36% India of these fuels has been falling over the past few years and is expected to continue falling.
This presents a challenge for plant performance and emissions compliance.
15% Asia
8% Middle East & Africa In many regions, economic drivers and fuel security have driven utilities to make use of lower-grade locally-available fuels.
2% Russia & CIS The majority of the growth in traded coals are for sub-bituminous and lignites.
These coals made up 32% of the market share in 2014.
2% Europe
1% Others
32%
1000
31%
800
19%
High Grade
600
Low Grade
400
Coal Reserves
Russia 173 200
68%
89%
69%
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Europe 48
Coal prices
NAM 270
There has been a significant drop in coal prices from a peak of 130$/t in 2010 to <50$/t in 2016.
China 126
Europe Asia
Bituminous
Sub-bituminous 150
India 62
Lignite 125 60% Decline
US$/tonne
NOTE: Reserve figures LAM 18 100

in billion tonnes
Africa 55 75
50
Oceania 85
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

8 Source: Platts, IHS, GE 9
INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW
The need for Smarter. Cleaner. Steam Power.

The world population is expected to exceed Today,
10,000,000,000 2 Billion
Today 40% of the worlds
electricity is produced from coal.
As older, less efficient coal

plants are retired over the
People globally have insufficient or unreliable power next decade it will decrease
People by 2050 with most growth occurring in developing countries
to support social and economic development. to around 30%.
THE DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE, RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE

POWER WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE.
IT ALL
ADDS UP
With 900 Billion tons of reserves,

coal remains a vital part of the energy mix
Leading efficiency means lower

emissions, cleaner air and better
economics for our customers.
Smarter. Cleaner. TECHNOLOGY DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTAL 180,000 TONS

of CO2 saved Per year.
Steam Power is.... ADVANCEMENTS CAPABILITIES CONTROLS
$80,000,000
in additional value to
the plant
1.5 %age points Up to 1.5 %age points Able to lower emissions by
more efficient than more power over the 70% more than the worlds
the world record. life of the plant most stringent standards.
3% points lower
CO2 emissions
10 11
Technology Advancements Technology is at the centre of our product portfolio development. This enables a
continuous improvement in product performance, operability and longevity.
GEs Steam Power Systems (SPS) has a long heritage of SEALS & VIBRATION ELECTRICAL & SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES
technology leadership and is investing in the highest
efficiency steam technology available today.
In 2015, the performance test on the RDK8 plant was conducted and the official result was 47.5% FLUID MECHANICS & ACOUSTICS INSPECTION & LIFING
net plant efficiency (NPE). This is a world-leading efficiency for a coal-fired plant.
Since RDK8 was designed, there have been significant technological developments in new
materials, combustion systems, turbine technology and air quality control equipment.
EMISSIONS TECHNOLOGY THERMAL SCIENCE
In 2016 we launched a comprehensive single reheat and double reheat product offering portfolio, coupled with the
ability to provide advanced steam parameters up to 330bar/650C live steam and 670C reheat steam.
These improvements are made possible because of our commitment to investing

in world-class engineering and world-class engineers.
MATERIALS FUELS, MILLS & COMBUSTION
GEs SPS makes extensive use of the GE research & development facilities and engineers around the world to
ensure that technology leadership is at the core of our product portfolio. Our groups of specialized experts
are a diverse, cohesive team of technologists who work every day to create the future together.
MANUFACTURING CHEMICALS
Achieving higher steam parameters
SUB CRITICAL SUPER CRITICAL ULTRA-SUPER CRITICAL ADVANCED ULTRA-SUPER CRITICAL
+12.5%
RELATIVE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT
Available
Today
+11.1%
Most efficient
in operation
+9.0%
+5.3%
+2.8%
175 BAR 250 BAR 275 BAR 330 BAR 350 BAR 350 BAR
565OC 565OC 600OC 650OC 700OC 730OC
565OC 565OC 620OC 670OC 720OC 760OC
12 13
Digital Capabilities The path to digital transformation

Connect
Digital is disrupting and transforming the electricity industry, Provides the foundation to leverage analytics by enabling the collection of machine sensor data
from assets and processes data, as well as management of that data to derive value.
challenging old models and creating unprecedented opportunities.
Monitor
Focuses on understanding the performance and health of your assets and processes, and visualization of events.
With software and data analytics, combined with advanced hardware, new digitally-enhanced
power generation will deliver greater reliability, affordability and sustainability, helping lower
costs, improve efficiencies, create growth opportunities and lower carbon output. Analyze
Determines the root cause of issues based on historical and real-time data to understand
relationships, correlations, and trends, and facilitates effective problem resolution.
A post-COP21 world requires Software is transforming the
cleaner, more efficient power steam power plant Predict
Provides foresight into impending problems to avoid issues before they occur
and drives greater process consistency and asset uptime.
40% of the worlds power is generated by coal >10,000 sensors capture data
Predix Cloud powers big data analysis Optimize

Energy demand is set to grow 48% by 2040
Maximizes the performance and profitability potential of assets, plants and fleets to achieve
the best possible outcomes. Allows simulation modelling to test what if scenarios.
Artificial intelligence drives actions
Coal will remain third largest fuel source
195 countries committed to reducing

Works on GE, Alstom and most
other Steam Power Plants
Our offering for the digital power plant for steam provides
greenhouse gas emissions at COP21
full coverage of a plant owner and operators needs:
The GE digital power plant software Better efficiency, fewer
suite, powered by Predix emissions, less downtime*
Business optimization (BO) 1.5% increased lifetime plant efficiency
Better business decisions based on
price, demand and plant capacity.
1.5% 5% 3%
Operational Efficiency Unplanned Downtime Output
Up to ~$50MM in value for operators over the

Operations optimization (OO)
lifespan of a plant Deeper
Enhanced operational decision Business optimization insights
Profitability
making across the entire fleet.
Asset performance management (APM) 0.5 gigaton reduction in greenhouse

Better,
Monitor plant health to improve gas emissions Operations optimization faster decisions
Productivity
performance and uptime.
Advanced controls & edge computing

105,000 fewer tons of coal consumed Real-time
Automated system response through
per year
Assets performance actions
Reliability
integration with control systems.
Cyber security
Dedicated security for industrial environments. Equivalent to more than
200,000 cars off the road
* Calculated on a 1000 MW existing steam-powered coal plant

Advanced controls / Cyber
edge computing
14 15
Environmental Controls Emissions compliance

Many countries have considerable experience of how to respond to changing environmental challenges and
Able to meet and exceed the worlds strictest regulations have developed effective means of decoupling polluting emission levels from rising economic activity.
Stringent regulations to limit emissions have been deployed, revised and reinforced for decades. The U.S.
and parts of Europe have strict emission regulations in place, while China and India have implemented
Reduced greenhouse Lower emissions environmental control strategies to cope with booming development of their coal-based industries.
gas emissions means cleaner air

The Paris Agreement on climate change reached in 2015
and new financing guidelines which limit lending for coal
Many of the worlds cities are already suffering from energy-
related air pollution today. As the worlds population grows,
USA EU
plants to the most efficient coal-fired power plants, bring cities swell and demand for energy surges, there is a need
new vigour to global efforts to address climate change. to improve air quality and regulators place ever stricter
emission limits on power plants and industrial installations. 246 300
With a global average efficiency of coal-fueled power 240 240
stations of around 33%, increasing the efficiency With 80 years of experience and the broadest range of air
of coal-fueled generation by one %age point would quality control systems (AQCS), our technology can address 200 200
reduce CO2 emissions by between 2-3%. all the sources of non-greenhouse gas emissions, like NOx,
SOx and particulate matter from any coal-fired power plant 160 160
So with the latest single reheat technology as compared to meet and exceed the worlds strictest regulations.
with the average installed steam power plant, GEs 120 120
latest coal-fired plant would reduce CO2 emissions by Cleaner air means a better acceptance of coal-fired
180,000 tons per year. In a post-COP21 world, this means plants in local communities, and equally importantly, 80 80
projects are more attractive for export credit support. by lenders and financial institutions leading to
better financing terms for our customers. 40 40
0 0
NOx SOx PM Hg NOx SOx PM Hg
x 10,000 x 10,000
GEs Steam Power Systems is an industry leader in cleaner

power generation from coal and oil. As the economics of CHINA INDIA
power generation have become tighter and regulations 300 350 300
240 240
become even stricter, our technology is ready to respond.
200 200
160 160
USA Europe India China

120 120
52 mg/Nm3 150 mg/Nm3 100 mg/Nm3 50 mg/Nm3
N0x (10 ppm) (29 ppm) (20 ppm) (10 ppm) 80 80
137 mg/Nm3 150 mg/Nm3 100 mg/Nm3 35 mg/Nm3 40 40

SOx (19 ppm) (21 ppm) (14 ppm) (5 ppm)
0 0
NOx SOx PM Hg NOx SOx PM Hg
12 mg/Nm3 10 mg/Nm3 30 mg/Nm3 10 mg/Nm3 x 10,000 x 10,000
PM (5 ppm) (4 ppm) (12 ppm) (4 ppm)

Former emissions limits New emissions limits
Hg 0.4 g/Nm 3
4 g/Nm 3
30 g/Nm 3
30 g/Nm 3
Graphs measured in mg/Nm (HG m/Nm x 10,000)
16 17
Maximizing efficiency and ensuring compliance
with the strictest emissions regulations
PORTFOLIO AND OVERVIEW
PLANT INTEGRATOR APPROACH The return of experience from manufacturing, construction, commissioning and operation results in a
systematic continuous improvement of GEs components and standardized/pre-engineered solutions.
Our plant integrator approach is based on our ability to combine GEs components
and auxiliary equipment into fully enhanced and integrated systems. This leads to improved performance, as well as cost and delivery time reduction of our offering to our
key markets and helps our customers achieve and exceed their objectives, Under the Plant Integrator
approach, GE Power ensures the optimization of the power plant performance to reduce fuel consumption
by maximizing efficiency and ensuring compliance with the strictest emissions regulations.
1. Boiler Island
Boilers for all fuels: Coal, Oil, Gas, Two-pass, Tower & CFB Tech.
Coal Mills. NOx control: SCR systems.
1 3a
2. Turbine Island
Steam turbine, Generator, Condensers/Heaters.
3. AQCS:
a Flue Gas Desulphurization
b Particulate Control 3b
c Mercury Control
3c
Integrated offerings Extensive execution experience
100 100 200

Integrated packages (EP)
Power block / Turbine island (EPC) Years of experience in Gigawatts installed Integrated projects
building steam power plants, integrated power executed globally
making GE a global leader
Full turnkey (EPC)
18 19
PLANT INTEGRATOR APPROACH INTEGRATED STEAM PLATFORMS
Integrated steam platforms (ISP) Product portfolio

GE has a systematic approach to developing standardized and pre-engineered components and power
plant designs, while keeping sufficient flexibility to meet our customers needs. This approach enables MW
us to improve the manufacturing, assembly, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance
1100MW
of the power plant, which results in improved reliability and availability of our offerings.
A-USC
1400
275-330bar
For each major segment of the market, GE has created a pre-engineered plant approach which delivers solutions 600-650 0C
matching the specific needs coupled with competitive cycle times during offering and execution phases. 620-670 0C
1200 800MW
Steam cycle A-USC
Plant
275-330bar
600MW
600-650 0C
MW Class Cycle Pmain Tmain Treheat T double reheat 1000 A-USC
620-670 0C
275-330bar
500MW 600-650 0C
150 MW SC 250Bar 585oC 585oC
800 USC 620-670 0C
260bar
350MW
350 MW SC 250Bar 585oC 595oC 600 0C
SC
620 0C
600 250bar
500 MW USC 260Bar 600oC 620oC 585oC
595oC
150MW
600 MW A-USC 275-330Bar 600-650oC 620-670oC 620-670oC 400 SC
250bar
5850C
800 MW A-USC 275-330Bar 600-650oC 620-670oC 620-670oC
5850C
200
1100 MW A-USC 275-330Bar 600-650oC 620-670oC 620-670oC
The benefits of this approach to our clients are multifold:
Built-in flexibility Improved quality

To address most of the site and project Re-use of proven solutions and design principles
specific conditions (fuels, codes and standards, combined with continuous improvement, systematic
cooling media, emission limits). return of experience, and lessons learned from
tendering, engineering and execution.
Improved health & safety

Reduced delivery times
These integrated steam platforms (ISP) make extensive use Safer to construct and safer to operate.
Quicker response to customer requests during the tender
of standardization and design-to-cost, while still maintaining phase, and reduced construction and commissioning time.
sufficient flexibility to meet individual project requirements. Operation & maintenance

Easier to maintain, leading to improved availability. Emissions regulation
Each ISP is capable of meeting todays most stringent
local, regional or global emissions requirement.
20 21
PLANT INTEGRATOR APPROACH FLEXIBLE OFFERINGS
The OEM with the full in-house product capability

PLANT INTEGRATOR APPROACH
from conceptualization to final design.
FLEXIBLE OFFERINGS
GE applies the concept of flexible offerings across our portfolio, allowing our customers to select from a portfolio of
products and systems that meet their specific requirements, while maintaining the key benefits of standardization and
Freedom to fulfil individual customer requirements. pre-engineering processes.
In addition, GEs Plant Integrator approach can deliver added value across the full range of offerings.
Integrated offerings - Flexible scope

GE has a systematic approach to developing standardized and pre-engineered components and
power plant designs, while keeping sufficient flexibility to meet our customers needs.
FULL TURNKEY PLANTS
POWER BLOCK
PLANT
INTEGRATOR
TURBINE ISLAND
POWER PACKAGE
COMPONENTS
22 23
Integrated power packages (i.PP) - ideal Saudi Arabia

solution for competitive EPC contractors 5 x 620 MW Integrated power package (i.PP)
Product
Whether you are a power plant owner or an EPC contractor, sourcing the main power generation equipment for your
620 MW supercritical heavy fuel oil (HFO) and gas-fired
new build project is the most important decision you will make.
(dual fuel) power plant
GEs i.PP supplies our customers with our world-class boilers,turbines and generators, all of which have been
conceptualized to operate as one unit, allowing us to provide excellent performance and power output. With our flexible Scope
offerings concept, customers can add additional GE equipment, providing them with enhanced quality and performance. Integrated power package (i.PP) including AQCS
- Boiler, steam turbine, generator
- Electrostatic precipitators and flue gas desulfurization system
- Basic engineering of the power block
- Technical field services for erection & commissioning
- CO2-capture ready
Benefits
Overall performance and emission guarantees (power
output,heat rate, emissions)
Steam extraction for desalination
United Arab Emirates

Scope of offering
4 x 660 MW Integrated power package (i.PP)
Parts Service Performance Product

660 MW (gross) USC coal-fired steam power plant
Boiler (core parts) Integration Overall Performance
Scope
Steam turbine Construction Guarantee
Integrated power package (i.PP) including AQCS extended with
Generator Commissioning Power output
grid code compliance package
AQCS (optional) O&M Heat rate
Boiler, steam turbine, generator
Emissions
Electrostatic precipitators and flue gas
desulfurization system
Basic engineering of the power block
Overall operating concept
Main equipment of the water & steam cycle
Advisory and site services
Commissioning
Benefits
Overall performance and emission guarantees
(power output, heat rate, emissions)
Compliance with stringent grid code requirements
Generator support for optimized technical
solutions with the most attractive tariffs
Contributes to 90 % of the plant performance,

using just the core OEM components
24 25
One of the most critical parts of the power plant India

7 x 660 MW SC turbine islands
Turbine island Product

660 MW turbine island
The turbine island is one of the most critical parts of the power plant, and of prime importance is the
integration of key parameters and interfaces among the auxiliary components and steam water cycle.
Scope
With proven equipment and systems, the plant is able to consistently deliver the desired Steam turbine and auxiliary equipment
output throughout the products life cycle. GEs flexible offering allows for excellent layout Generator and auxiliary equipment
of the turbine hall, providing significant savings in construction and labor costs. Condensate system
Feed water system
Control, protection and instrumentation
Construction and commissioning
Benefits
Integrated and enhanced systems meeting Indian requirements
India
2 X 800 MW USC turbine island
Scope of offering Product
660 & 800 MW turbine island

Parts Service Performance Scope
Steam turbine & auxiliary equipment
Steam turbine Integration Overall performance Generator & auxiliary equipment
Generator Construction guarantee Condensate system
Heat exchanger Commissioning Power output Feed water system
Feedwater pumps O&M Heat rate Control protection and instrumentation
Piping valves Construction and commissioning
Control system
Benefits
Higher efficiency USC steam parameters and larger
unit size while still meeting Indian requirements
Providing critical OEM steam turbine, generator

and enhanced water steam cycle interfaces
26 27
Design and integration of all critical equipment Poland

and systems at the power plant level Opole 5&6, PGE
2 x 900 MW USC power block
Power block Product

900 MW coal-fired, ultra-supercritical power plant
One of the most complicated and critical challenges of integration in a plant is the power block.
The power block consists of the power plants critical equipment including boiler, steam turbine, Scope
generator, air quality control systems and associated auxiliary systems. Integration is key to plant Boiler island equipment
performance over its lifetime and provides a quicker and lower risk return on investment. FGD and ESP area
Turbines, generators and turbine hall equipment
However, successful integration requires a global footprint and world-class EPC capabilities. Handling systems ( coal, ash and slurry )
GEs competitive power block offering is based on our extensive global experience integrating Plant Engineering
key components with varied scope of supply and our proven solutions. Overall Project Management
Construction support
Commissioning
Benefits
High efficiency (over 45%)
Meets stringent european emissions regulation:
sulfur dioxide (SOx), nitrogen oxides(NOx)
and particulate matter
Scope of offering Germany

Parts Service Performance RDK8, ENBW
1 x 912 MW USC Power Block
Full boiler island Integration Overall performance

Product
Full turbine island Construction guarantee
AQCS equipment Commissioning Power output
O&M Heat rate
Scope
Power block: Boiler and Turbine Islands
Benefits
Overall net plant efficiency over 47%
(up to 58% % with district heating)
Meets stringent european emissions regulation:
CO < 740 g/kWh
CO and NOx < 100 mg/Nm3
One of the highest efficiency steam

power plants in the world
Design and integration of all critical equipment

and systems at the power plant level
28 29
Provides the full GE advantage over Malaysia
the life cycle of the plant Manjung 4, TNB

1 x 1,080 MW Gross USC coal pant
Full turnkey plant Product

1,080 MW coal-fired, ultra-supercritical power plant
Todays plant owners and power operators know that it takes more than selecting a set of high
efficiency components to achieve advanced economic and technical goals. In order to maximize long
Scope
term returns on investment, it takes a company like GE, with extensive experience and world-class
Boiler island including FGD and ESP
EPC capabilities such as project management, logistics, and construction management.
Turbine island including turbine hall equipment
Balance of power block
GEs range of capabilities in design and integration of steam power plant solutions gives us a unique
Construction and commissioning support
perspective that allows us to analyze the entire plant over its full life cycle as an integrated system.
Benefits
High efficiency
Meets stringent emissions regulation: sulfur
dioxide (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter
Poland
Belchatow, PGE
1 x 858 MW Gross USC lignite plant
Scope of Offering Product
Parts Service Performance Scope
Full turnkey steam power plant
Full power block Integration Overall performance
Construction guarantee Benefits
Commissioning Power output Higher efficiency (close to 42%)
O&M Heat rate Lower emissions of sulfur dioxide (SOx)
and nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Polands largest and most efficient lignite-fired plant.
Enhanced economics, shorter lead times,

extended performance and reduced O&M costs
30 31
OVERVIEW
DIGITAL FOR STEAM POWER PLANT

Combining the physical strengths of our best-in-class steam plant technology with GEs Operations optimization Assets performance managment
industry-leading agile digital technologies the Digital Power Plant for Steam can help
our customers achieve even better performance, greater efficiencies and improved
reliability at the lowest emissions possible for both new plants and installed units. Enabling technology
Digital for the Steam Power Plant also enables customers to operate the plant as designed for as
long as possible within the physical limits of the equipment while maximizing efficiency, minimizing
emissions and lowering operating costs over the life of the plant. As crucially, it will provide both
plant owners and operators to adapt the plants operating model to changes impacting from the
outside: fuel supply agreements, electricity market rules and prices, new grid requirements, etc. BOILER OPTIMIZATION
BOILER LIFING
Operating a Steam Power Plant can involve more than 10,000 real-time data inputs at
any given time. The Digital Power Plant presents a major opportunity for Steam Power Plant
FUEL ANALYSIS
Operators to harness the power of the total plant data and use of analytics to make smarter,
faster decisions based on historical data, real-time information and machine learning.
VIRTUAL FIELD AGENT

Digital for Steam Power Plant is a comprehensive solution AQCS EFFICIENCY
leveraging GE Predix, advanced controls and covering the ROTOR STRESS CONTROL
AQCS AVAILABILITY
critical equipment within a complete integrate plant. LIFETIME ASSESSMENT
INDICATOR EMISSIONS MONITORING
& COMPLIANCE
TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS
MONITORING &
DIAGNOSTICS
VIRTUAL FIELD AGENT
Additional advanced sensors

Critical equipment connected to IICS
State of the art HMI
Cybersecurity
OPERATION EVALUATION FLEXIBLE LOAD DIGITAL INFORMATION HUB POWER PLANT SIMULATOR
Digital Twins
32 33
DIGITAL FOR STEAM POWER PLANT DIGITAL FOR PLANT INTEGRATION
Operation Evaluation Flexible Load

Operation Evaluation supports the Plant Operation, Flexible Load core functionality is its navigation
beyond the control and safety operation ensured mode in transient phases.
by the Distributed Control System (DCS). According to the overall plant position, contractual obligations, codes compliance and current
economic conditions of the market, Flexible Load proposes routes for the operator to choose:
DCS contributes to the optimization of the Plant in all areas including plant thermal performances, economical
performances, identification of areas of concerns, and assistance to decision process by delivery of economic data. Maximum availability
Speed
The feature leverages the Plant thermal performance representation calculated based on the same methods
& tools that were used to generate and calculate heat & mass and energy balance during initial design.
Economy
Once overall heat balance of the as-is Plant is established from the reconciliation, Plant Minimum stress
as-should performances are calculated using the same methods & tools.
Once the operator selects the desired route, Flexible Load guides the start-up providing early
Based on the comparison of the as-is and as-should models, the following features are available: configuration steps and warnings and displaying only relevant information and alerts.
Identification & monitoring of the gaps To calculate the delta in terms of Plant
output & efficiency, both in terms of kW and loss of financial revenue
What-if mode To act as a simulator in order to validate assumptions and test scenarios
Flexible Load provides assistance to the operator for

decision-making and provides the following benefits:
Operation Evaluation provides the operator with insights to:
Improved availability
Benchmark operational profile compared with nominal performances Optimized operation regime for transient operation (e.g. fast start-up, load
changes, dynamic cycling, etc.) allows flexible response to grid requirements
Change operational profile to increase revenue.
Improved performance
When compared with non-Digital equipped unit, a gain of 1% plant Can save up to 30% of the start initial power and thermal power consumption
operational efficiency in and 1% availability in are the typical expectation.
Increased revenue
A more agile power plant catches more opportunities
to bid and to deliver additional services
34 35
DIGITAL FOR STEAM POWER PLANT DIGITAL FOR PLANT INTEGRATION
Digital Information Hub Power Plant Simulator

The Digital Information Hub is a modern platform to The Power Plant Simulator embeds two separate modules
navigate through the Power Plant documentation and access designed to be used in normal conditions (start-up, load
efficiently the appropriate document when it is required. variation, shutdown) and abnormal conditions (malfunction):
Starting from a 3-Dimensional (3D) model of the plant, all types of project or asset Operator Training Simulator (OTS) A genuine Plant Replica that allows to develop
information can be browsed quickly and intuitively through a web browser: and maintain a top performing Operation & Maintenance Crew
3D models, 2D drawings and Process & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs)

Simulator Assisted Operation (SAO) A set of Solutions and Services aimed at advising the crew in operation to
reduce the downtime and optimize the transitory periods, ultimately improving the Power Plant throughput
Technical documentations
O&M manuals The solution is based on a full plant process modelling complying with ANSI/ISA-77.20.01-2012
Standard, a real-time, virtualized Plant Control System and instructor and operator stations.
Associating the use of the user coding standard and automatic data association, the Digital
Information Hub creates and maintains a complete cross reference index that links and
associates all documents to facilitate the search and review of information.
Finally, The Digital Information Hub is natively interfaced with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
and Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS). With the right and in context
documentation, maintenance efforts are drastically reduced and inventory improved.
Maintenance cost reduction with access to Lower cost of production and reduced risk of operation
right and in context documentation Skilled operators able to make adequate decisions, reactions
and operations in abnormal situations
Reduction of time to repair by providing all required inputs
More pertinent decisions
Improved utilization and scheduling of maintenance Running the plant virtually in the Training Simulator allows
resources, in particular improved inventory to check assumptions and expected outcomes
Audit traceability isk mitigation after maintenance outage

R
After an intervention, ability to re-qualify in a virtual mode and then
Improved outage planning simulate the plant restart to ensure on-time synchronization
Increased productivity (single user interface, Improved maintenance

configurable out of the box reports) Curative maintenance made more efficient by developing troubleshooting
skills and understanding the impact of sensor & actuators malfunctions
36 37
DIGITAL FOR STEAM POWER PLANT DIGITAL FOR FUEL, COMBUSTION AND EXHAUST GAS MANAGEMENT
Fuel Analysis Boiler Optimization Package

Digital Fuel Analysis provides a live feed of the coal basic properties before it enters the mill: humidity,
The Boiler Optimizer is a closed-loop solution which is an extension beyond the monitoring, control and
ash content and constituents, main elements as carbon, sulfur, hydrogen and nitrogen including
safety operation provided by the Distributed Control System (DCS) and leverages advanced sensors such
LHV. It provides valuable information upstream to the Power Plant Distributed Control System (DCS)
as 3D furnace fireball stability monitoring and model based controls. It addresses the highly interrelated
to adapt the operation parameters of the mill and boiler to the properties of the coal.
processes of combustion and boiler cleanliness as they relate to efficiency, emissions and reliability.
The Fuel Analysis performs the analysis of the coal basic properties directly on the conveyor.
The Boiler Optimizer provides the following features:
It processes the results in real-time to provide the following features:
Integrated optimization of combustion and boiler cleanliness

Early warning in case of coal quality change To anticipate impact on asset performance and
prevent asset failure (mills, burner, fouling, slagging within boiler, slag removal systems)
Customized Alerts Tracks a collection of customer defined tags and notifies
the operator when one deviates from its expected value
Continuous boiler control parameters adjustment to exploit boiler and
asset capabilities regarding operation and maintenance
Optimization Insights Provides insight into both boiler performance and how
different optimization actions are contributing to this performance
Efficiency enhancement by optimizing auxiliaries operation (e.g. mills and flue gas treatment)
and adapting exhaust temperatures to actual Sulphur concentrations
Analysis tools Universal Plotting, Root Cause Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, Sootblower
impact analysis, allow to deep-dive in historical and predicted unit performance
Input to Flexible Load To optimize the power output and load flexibility based on actual coal properties
Advanced Coal yard management - To adapt coal blending for operation close to design point
Improved performance Increased boiler efficiency

By tailoring assets operation to actual coal properties, Lower fuel consumption
from the coal yard stockpile management to the exhaust
temperature, through the air distribution to the burners Reduced CO2, NOx emissions and Carbon in ash
Reduced SCR/SNCR reagent consumption and slip
Improved reliability Increased boiler reliability
By gaining insights on the quality of the coal and its impact on the
wearing of the different equipment (mills at foremost, boiler pressure Improved heat rate
parts, burner, slag/ash removal systems, sootblowers, etc.) Reduced boiler hot spots
Stable low load at 10% (hard coal), 30% (lignite)
38 39
Boiler Lifing AQCS Availability & Efficiency Package

Boiler Lifing uses a Finite Element Modelling (FEM) based online GEs Digital Solutions for Air Quality Control systems (AQCS)
calculation to calculate the stress generated in pressure part contribute to minimize operational expenses (reactant & power
components during boiler thermal transient operations. consumption) while reaching required emission levels.
It addresses: It is also aiming at maintaining optimum efficiency of the plant by ensuring that AQCS parameters are
best adjusted to the boiler operating conditions at any time. New digital offerings include systematic data
Fatigue monitoring for components subject to rapid thermal transients and/or with significant wall thickness collection through existing and advanced sensors. Combining this with advanced analytics, leveraging our long
lead experience in flow dynamics and chemical disciplines, contribute to enhanced maintenance programs,
including better anticipation of corrective actions and extended lifetime of critical components.
Creep monitoring for calculating creep life usage for components operating at high temperature
Combined with normal life cycle counting algorithm, Boiler lifing provides very accurate life time prediction.
Improve efficiency
By ensuring continuous air quality compliance at lowest cost for
Provides reliable history of critical boiler components operation plant operators, limiting equipment wear, power and consumables
Provides continuous information about component damage consumption while simultaneously meeting emission targets
Eliminates the need for manual lifetime calculations Improve reliability
Supports overhaul planning By enabling preventive maintenance and reducing the number of unplanned outages
Supports failure and outage risk minimization

Allows optimization of lifetime consumption and component replacement
Enables tradeoffs off life versus MW production decisions Emissions Monitoring & Compliance
Supports condition oriented maintenance and operation
This feature interfaces Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) to the Predix industrial platform.
Supports life extension evaluations
It enables automated emissions reporting and elevates visibility at a fleet level as emissions
data is uploaded centrally into Predix. The user interface is highly configurable, so that
the data can be displayed in the format agreed with local authorities.
Automatically generate elaborated KPIs for substantiated communication

about environmental compliance at unit, plant, fleet or at country level
Provides insights on pollution levels for dispatch

between different plants in the fleet
Facilitate institutional & corporate reporting on emissions
40 41
Rotor Stress Control Steam Turbine Torsional Vibrations

Monitoring & Diagnostic
The main task of the Rotor Stress Controller is to monitor and
to limit the thermal stress within the steam turbine rotor to Integration of renewables on to the grids creates risk of increased
ensure steam turbine operation and safety as required. torsional excitations of turbine trains which can lead to failures.
The Rotor Stress Controller is part of the Steam Turbine Closed Loop Controller and is built around the following modules: This is a new challenge that is addressed by the Torsional Vibrations Monitoring & Diagnostic. This feature
uses a model based protection algorithm to provide early warnings and recommendations.
The Rotor Stress Calculation Model Calculates the thermal stresses separately for both the HPT and
the IPT based on process measurements of the corresponding steam turbine rotor sections
This feature enables customers to take timely actions to protect
The Limiter Function Keeps the operation of the steam turbine within the permissible limits their assets and avoid failures & unplanned outages.
The Lifetime Assessment Indicator Accumulates the lifetime damages
during operation for low-cycle fatigue and creep.
The Rotor Stress Controller leverages process measurements to determine in real-

time the present stresses within the steam turbine rotor to take the necessary actions to
operate the steam turbine as close as possible to the allowable stress limits:
Improved availability
Optimized operation regime for transient operation (e.g. fast start-up, load
changes, dynamic cycling, etc.) allows flexible response to grid requirements
Improved reliability
More robust operation during transients
Accelerated start-up Photo

Adapted speed, load and temperature settings prevent
unnecessary trips due to over-stress on the rotor
42 43
GEs Boilers portfolio addresses all fuels with PC boilers that
can burn a wide range of hard coals, lignite, and oil/gas, and
BOILERS CFB for both conventional and difficult to burn fuels.
GEs technologies ensure optimal fuel preparation, clean and efficient combustion with high
GE boilers offer the widest portfolio of custom-made boilers in the industry for all fuels. reliability and flexibility. Our experienced -based design enables to burn a wide range of fuels, while
Our unique design and sizing capabilities build on 100+ year of experience for efficient avoiding or mitigating the impact of slagging, fouling, corrosion and erosion in the furnace. This
results in enhanced availability for our customers with boiler reliability as high as 94%.
and clean combustion with enhanced flexibility and reliability over lifetime of the asset.
Extensive fuel experience

Specialist Experience World Class Products Specialist Experience
Fiddlers Ferry Neurath F/G Manjung 1-4 Yanbu 3 Baima Tamuin I & II
Drax Belchatow II Comanche 3 Shoaiba I, II & III Luohuang 1-4 Mailiao 1-2
Amer Sostanj 6 RDK 8 Ravenswood 3 Narva
Levice 5 Westfalen D/E Pittsburgh 7
Niederaussem K Barh II LaSpezia 4
Mae Moh 4-13 Waigaoqiao II & III
Biomass Lignite Bituminous Oil Anthracite Petcoke

Biomass Co-firing Sub-Bituminous Oil Shale
Circulating Fluidized Bed

Pulverised Coal HFO / LFO Circulating Fluidized Bed
Pulverised Coal
Expertise & world class products for a broad fuel spectrum
44 45
COMPONENTS BOILERS
Fuel capability
GE has a full range of boiler offerings, from boiler to complete boiler island
Our knowledge of fuel and combustion, a core GE competence, configurations, depending on our customers specific project needs.
is derived from 100+ years in the industry. We have extensive Two-pass Tower CFB
field experience gathered through over 270 GW of installed boiler Lignite B
capacity - more than 30% of the installed base. Lignite A
Subbit. C
This field experience, combined with our extensive laboratory expertise, is built into our design standards to
ensure we offer high performing, reliable boilers based on an outstanding coal data base covering the features of
almost all global coals. We also use state of the art modelling and analytics capabilities to define optimal furnace Subbit. B
arrangements. We are ensuring our boilers are right-sized optimizing performance, flexibility and cost effectiveness
Subbit. A
Bit. high vol. C

Our experience for a given fuel basket
Coal
Bit. high vol. B
Lignite example data:
Bit. high vol. A
70
Bit. med. vol.
Watchberg - 2x50MW
60 Berrenrath - 2x80MW Wahlitz - 1x40MW

Bit. low vol.
Thar II - 2x300MW
50
Semi-anthracite
H2O (in % ar)
Red Hills- 2x250MW

40
Gowerk - 1x130MW Anthracite
Tisova - 1x90MW
30 Kaiyuan - 2x300MW
Meta-anthracite
Akrimota - 2x125MW Texas new mexico 2x160MW Kladno - 1x250MW
20
Heavy fuel oil
10
Vacuum
Oil
Can - 2x160MW Ledvice - 1x110MW Provence - 1x250MW
residual oil
0
1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 Crude oil
LHV (in kcal/kg)
4200 Natural gas
50
Gas
Akrimota - 2x125MW Kaiyuan - 2x300MW Coke oven gas
40 Tisova - 1x90MW Can - 2x160MW Provence - 1x250MW Kladno - 1x250MW
Blast furnace gas

Ash (in % ar)
30
Ledvice - 1x110MW
Biomass
Red Hills- 2x250MW
20
Oppty. Fuel
Oil shale
Gowerk - 1x130MW
10 Thar II - 2x300MW
Watchberg - 2x50MW
Wahlitz - 1x40MW Texas new mexico 2x160MW Petcoke
Berrenrath - 2x80MW
0
1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 Waste coal
LHV (in kcal/kg)
4200
Co-firing in limited amounts
46 47
COMPONENTS BOILERS
Boilers arrangements for different fuels GE pulverized coal boiler is generating steam for todays
enabling advanced steam cycles large scale global power projects up to 1350 MW electrical
GE has pioneered the introduction of supercritical steam generation technology with over 116GW of SC and USC
for coal units at pressure and temperatures that can
installed base worldwide. It continues to drive technologies towards high efficiency ultra-supercritical steam parameters.
Our expertise in thermal, hydraulic and material sciences has led to boiler designs that contribute to cycle efficiency
reach the service limits of contemporary materials.
of 44 to 48% on an LHV basis, significantly reducing both fuel and emission control costs for our customers.
Our two pass and tower boilers can reach up to 330 bar/ 650C /670C in single reheat
configuration, and 330 bar /650C /670 C /670 C in double reheat configuration.
For pulverized coal technologies, GE has offered both two-pass and tower designs in single and double reheat
configuration for over 50 years. The latest generation of DRH introduced in 2016 supports steam temperature
at turbine inlet of 650C, generating a net plant efficiency gain of 1.2% compared to a single reheat design. In the 2-pass configuration, radiant pendant surfaces are located above the furnace, and convective surfaces
are arranged horizontally in the second pass,enabling reduced height of the furnace and simple element
support structure. The two pass configuration is available with both spiral and vertical walls design.
Building on its USC experience in pulverized coal boilers, and expertise in designing Circulating Fluidized
Bed boilers, GE has introduced highly efficient ultra-supercritical CFB technology, suited for difficult fuels
The Tower configuration has been developed mostly for high moisture lignite. It eliminates change in
such as lignite up to 660 MW and up to 900 MW for hard coal, thanks to our modular design.
direction of gas flow reducing erosion potential for more difficult to burn fuels. It offers specialized
firing systems to burn all types of lignite. Tower boiler technology is integrated with advanced beater
wheel mill providing efficient operation and maintenance with high cycling flexibility.
For oil & fuel, two pass and tower is available up to 1,000MW electrical in single reheat
configuration with 250 bar / 560 C / 560C in double reheat configuration.
Two-pass boiler Tower boiler CFB boiler
GE CFB technology
For low-grade and difficult-to-burn fuels such as anthracite, lignite, petroleum coke, oil shale, discarded coal
and biomass, GE offer circulating fluidized bed technologies with different arrangements suited to fuel .
GE CFB technology has low inherent NOx emissions at 50-200 mg/Nm3 due to the following features:
Relatively low and uniform furnace temperatures of approximately 850C to 900C
Air staging in the lower furnace through the introduction of primary air and secondary air at appropriate levels
Bituminous, sub-bituminous Bituminous, sub-bituminous Anthracite through lignite
A and B Uniformly distributed fuel and air due to intense mixing inside the bed of solids in the furnace
Typical fuels
Lignite A Lignite A and B

Opportunity fuels: Isothermal conditions in the circulating solid loop due to the positive impact of highly efficient cyclones
Oil and gas petroleum coke, biomass,
waste coal, oil shale, etc. In addition, low SO2 emissions with 95 to 98% sulfur removal.
Injection of prepared and dried limestone in the furnace
Up to 1,350 MWe Up to 1,350 MWe Up to 660 MWe for lignite, Potentially inherent capture by the fuel-bound calcium
higher for hard coal
Capacity
Up to 330 bar / Up to 330 bar / Dry scrubber NID achieving 98 % sulfur removal while reducing limestone consumption
650C / 670C 650C / 670C Up to 300 bar /
600C / 620C Just-In-Time (JIT) system for limestone drying and crushing available for direct limestone feeding
DRH 330 bar / 650C DRH 330 bar / 650C
/670C/670C /670C/670C
48 49
COMPONENTS BOILERS
To state of the art combustion and steam generation Coal Mills

Licenses for our milling technology can be found in all coal-powered regions of the world.
At GE, we have developed over time the most advanced firing techniques with efficient fuel distribution and
Pulverizing solid fuel to powder enables fuel drying and transportation for combustion.
air staging. This allows controlled and uniform combustion for low emissions and minimal carbon losses. For
pulverized coal boilers, GE first introduced tangential firing in 1927. Fuel and air are injected through windboxes
Fine grinding increases the fuel exposed surface area while simultaneously drying and controlling its distribution. These
from the corners of the furnace, aimed tangent to an imaginary circle at the center of the furnace . This creates a
are integral steps to efficient, low emissions combustion which are optimized together with boiler thermal performance.
single rotating flame envelope (vortex) that produces a uniform and consistent heat profiles across the furnace
walls. GE has continuously upgraded its technologies with concentric firing systems, tilting burners, enabling
We design and continuously develop a complete range of milling technology that includes vertical
high efficiency combustion over the operating load range. GE staging techniques and overfire air arrangements
spindle bowl mills and beater wheel mills, with classifier options to match our customers efficiency and
minimize the availability of oxygen during the critical early phases of combustion and enable flame stability.
fuel flexibility demands. Our mill and classifier portfolio can process all fuel blends commonly used for
power generation, while maintaining excellent combustion efficiency under low emissions conditions
with reduced power consumption and maintenance requirements. Our mills have the ability to handle
These features enable :
all solid fuels and fuel blends suitable for power generation, from anthracite to lignite B.
High efficiency combustion over the operating load range
Our mills have a modular design adaptable to fuels and capacity needs, and offer a unique construction
concept that allow mill installation without welding, enabling increased quality and less construction costs. Our
Clean and efficient combustion enabling low primary NOx formation of less than 200 mg/Nm for high
interchangeable modular components also reduce inventory cost and minimize outage frequency and duration.
volatile coals with limited fuel bond nitrogen, resulting in less SCR catalyst and less reagent consumption
Enhanced flexibility in operation for a wider range of fuels, and different load profiles
Our boiler arrangements result in efficient furnace volume use for optimal heat transfer, and result in less
slagging and less soot blowing , and limited formation of corrosive gas species and deposits. This ultimately
translates into high reliability and availability for our customers, and lower operating and maintenance costs.
Operational flexibility
As businesses seek ways to decrease costs while maintaining or growing revenue, boilers must
remain flexible and be able to react quickly to changing conditions with increased penetration
of renewable energies sources. Traditional fossil plants must be ready to operate safely through
transient mode and be able to provide additional reserve margin for enhanced grid stability.
Bowl mills - HP Type Bowl mIlls - SM Type Beater wheel mills
GE boilers achieve this thanks to specific flexible operations features such as enhanced temperature control,
- Type S, V, SV
sliding pressure capability and our dynamic classifiers. Our pulverized coal boilers currently allow for ramp
rate as fast as 6% per minute and down to 20% for hard coal and 35% for lignite based on BMCR.
For customers using imported coal, or looking at diversified coal supplies, our boiler designs offer extensive
Capcity range (t/h) 18 to 170 12 to 170 44 to 170
fuel firing flexibility for customers to be able to burn safely and reliably a large variety of coal.
These features enable:

Classifier Static or Dynamic Static,Dynamic & Combined Box Type (Static)
Clean and efficient combustion enabling low primary NOx formation
resulting in less SCR catalyst and less reagent consumption
Speed Control for
Lower cost maintenance and less frequent outages Loading Spring (Hydraulic Option) Hydraulic (Spring Option)
Operational Flexibility
Coal Bituminous/Sub-Bituminous Bituminous/sub-bituminous Bituminous/Sub-Bituminous
Lignite A Lignite A Lignite A
Anthracite
Petroleum coke
50 51
STEAM TURBINES
w
A world leader in the development and
application of steam turbine technology
STEAM TURBINES GE has supplied more than 30% of the worlds installed steam turbine capacity, totaling more than 1000 GW
of installed fleet. For more than a century, we have consolidated the best available technology from numerous
suppliers into a single platform that supports our advanced, innovative, efficient and reliable turbine solutions.
GEs steam turbine platform offers a broad product portfolio that
accommodates a wide range of site conditions, operational needs, DOUBLE REHEAT
advanced steam cycles, and applications. In fossil-fired steam plants, our 320bar (4641psi)
>54.0%
600C (1112F)
steam turbines offer class-leading ultra-supercritical steam parameters 630C (1166F)
GE STF-D1050
630C (1166F)
REHEAT
330bar (4786psi) GE STF-D1050 54.0%
650C (1200F)
REHEAT
245bar (3553psi) GE STF-D850 49.0%
585C (1085F)
REHEAT
190bar (2756psi) GE STF-D650 47.5%
565C (1049F)
REHEAT
190bar (2756psi) GE STF-A650 47.5%
565C (1049F)
NON-REHEAT
140bar (2031psi) 40.5%
GE STF-D250
565C (1049F)
NON-REHEAT
140bar (2031psi) GE STF-A200
40.5%
565C (1049F)
Up to % Steam Turbine efficiency
Increased efficiency Evolutionary platform approach High availability and reliability Enhanced operational flexibility
Continuous improvements to the water steam cycle The application of proven design principles to all module Advanced lifetime assessment procedures reduce Advanced fracture mechanic methods provide
are supported by our broad rear stage portfolio. types and sizes helps achieve higher reliability. maintenance and increase turbine availability. reliable lifetime assessment of the steam turbine
components and increased cycling capabilities.
Our advanced 3D blading platform helps enhance the Operational feedback is systematically applied Our long-term testing program validates
load grade and customize the flow path for project across GEs entire modular turbine product material behaviour to help ensure high reliability An enhanced blade groove design reduces
specific conditions and increased performance. portfolio to enhance customer value. of our steam turbine components. thermal stresses for increased rotor life.
52 53
COMPONENTS STEAM TURBINES
Welded rotors Advanced blading

Introduced in 1930, our welded rotor technology
Innovative blading technology is apparent in our:
has stood the test of time with no ruptures
reported in our large diameter rotors
manufactured by welding together separate smaller Modern, three-dimensional profile design
forgings. This beneficial design allows for: that results in higher efficiency
Appropriate forging material selection, based on High pressure (HP), intermediate pressure (IP),
temperature level at each section of the turbine and low pressure (LP) front stage blades that
are milled from a single forging for excellent
Stress reduction during thermal transients for mechanical integrity and higher reliability
faster and more frequent load cycling capability
Better access for ultra-sonic testing equipment

translating to higher reliability
LP Large last stage blades
Our enhanced last stage blade portfolio offers:
Shrink ring design Dense staggered last stage blade sizes for project-
specific cold-end conditions and increased efficiency
Our shrink ring design allows for a rotationally
symmetric inner casing resulting in: A robust design with stress-enhanced grooves
Reduced distortions while clearances are

and blade attachments for higher reliability
GE STF-D1050, STF-D850, STF-D650
and STF-A650 Steam Turbines
maintained during operation providing
sustained higher efficiency
Single bearing design
A more compact design with smaller wall
Our multi-casing turbines have a single bearing between
thicknesses for flexible load cycling and faster
startup times translating to higher reliability
each turbine section for: Designed for efficiency and reliability
Avoidance of load shifting for higher reliability GEs D-Series is a modular product platform for single and double reheat utility reheat steam turbines in
the 100 to 1,200 MW power output range. Our modular concept governs all engineering and manufacturing
Efficient shaft alignment for reduced construction time processes, and results in reduced construction and commissioning times, higher reliability, and excellent
efficiency. To enhance performance, the steam path is always adapted to the specific project requirements.
Shorter overall turbine shaft length
for lower building costs
The extensive LP last stage blade portfolio for 50 Hz and 60 Hz models offers rear stage sizes
from 30 inches up to 48 inches. The number and size of LP turbines can be tailored to specific
site conditions. The STF D1050 steam turbine configuration can have up to six casings.
The D-Series are designed for main inlet conditions up to 650C (1200F) and
330 bar (4786 psi) and reheat temperatures up to 670C (1238F).
Blade size for 50 Hz and 60 Hz
HP turbines can be equipped with a second main steam injection system by means of integrated overload
50 Hz/60 Hz 33 (50 Hz) 33 (50 Hz) 37/30 41/34 45/38 48/40 valves. This method provides additional load reserve in cases of sudden steps in power demand.
Startup valves (TAL) help ensure a safe and trip-free runback from full load to house load after load rejection.
Free- Nub-sleeve Snubber Nub-sleeve
Design Snubber
standing & shroud & shroud & shroud
HP, IP, and valve units are shipped fully assembled enabling shorter installation time on site. The LP turbine
is dispatched in pre-assembled lots for easier handling and reduced construction time on site.
Materials Steel
Skid mounted lube and control oil systems with pre-assembled pumps, filters,
valves, and interconnecting piping are available for all turbine sizes.
Sleeved rotor couplings help ensure durable shaft alignment and smoother operation.
54 55
GE STF- D1050 DRH GE STF-D1050 SRH GE STF-D850 GE STF-D650 GE STF-A650
320bar (4641psi) 330bar (4786psi) 245bar (3553psi) 190bar (2756psi) 190bar (2756psi)
Main steam
600C (1112F) 650C (1200F) 585C (1085F) 565C (1049F) 565C (1049F)
The D-Series are designed
for main inlet conditions
Reheat temperature
630C (1166F) RH1
630C (1166F) RH2
670C (1238F) 585C (1085F)
565C (1049F) -
up to 650C (1200F) and
330 bar (4786 psi) and
Frequency 50 Hz 50 Hz and 60 Hz 50 Hz and 60 Hz 50 Hz and 60 Hz 50 Hz and 60 Hz
reheat temperatures
Output 1100 MW 1200 MW 1000 MW 700 MW 300
up to 670C (1238F).
Steam turbine Up to 47.5% Up to 47.5%

Up to 54% Up to 54% Up to 49%
efficiency
0.35 bar (10.34 inHg) 0.35 bar (10.34 inHg) 0.35 bar (10.34 inHg)
0.35 bar (10.34 inHg) 0.35 bar (10.34 inHg)
Maximum 0.7 bar (20.67 inHg) 0.7 bar (20.67 inHg) 0.7 bar (20.67 inHg)
0.7 bar (20.67 inHg 0.7 bar (20.67 inHg
backpressure
(with special high back (with special high back
(with special high back (with special high back (with special high back
pressure rear stages) pressure rear stages)
pressure rear stages) pressure rear stages) pressure rear stages)
Sliding pressure mode Sliding pressure mode

Sliding pressure mode Sliding pressure mode Sliding pressure mode
Control concept
Fixed pressure mode Fixed pressure mode
Hybrid mode with or Hybrid mode with or Hybrid mode with or
without overload valve without overload valve without overload valve
56 57
Designed for efficiency and reliability

The STF-D250 platform is designed for main steam inlet conditions up to 565C (1049F) and 140 bar (2031 psi).
A single or reverse flow steam path controls axial thrust and axial thermal expansion to help ensure high reliability.
Double flow LP turbines meet project specific back pressure requirements.
Flexible heat extractions can be arranged along the steam path to extract
the steam at exactly the pressure that is needed.
140 bar (2031 psi)

Main steam
565C (1049F)
STF-D250 Steam Turbine Frequency 50 Hz and 60 Hz
Platform with enhanced design flexibility Output 300 MW
Decades of experience have shaped GEs STF-D250 platform into an innovative selection of
preengineered sections and modules that offer flexibility. Available with downward exhaust Steam turbine efficiency Up to 40.5%
options, the STF-D250 platform can be integrated into any plant configuration.
With its full modular design, the STF-D250 platform can be tailored to meet our customers specific 0.35 bar (10.34 inHg)
Maximum backpressure
project requirements in a double casing arrangement. Turbines with a rear stage size up to 41 inches 0.7 bar (20.67 inHg) with special high back pressure rear stages)
are completely shop assembled and shipped directly to the site to reduce construction time.
Sliding pressure mode
The reuse of standard sections and the consequent application of an experience return process supports Control concept Fixed pressure mode (control stage)
continuous product design improvements and results in the high reliability of the STF-D250 platform. Hybrid mode
The STF-D250 platform can be tailored to meet our customers specific project
requirements. Decades of experience have shaped GEs STF-D250 platform into an
innovative selection of preengineered sections and modules that offer flexibility.
58 59
Versatile and robust design

STF-A200 steam turbine The STF-A200 turbine is designed for main steam inlet conditions up to 565C (1049F) and 140 bar (2031 psi).
Flexibility for cogeneration For added flexibility, the STF-A200 steam turbine is available as a single casing solution with
a single flow LP section or as double casing solution with a two-flow LP section.
GEs STF-A200 non-reheat steam turbines provide cogeneration of power steam in a flexible
and compact design for either 50 Hz or 60 Hz application. Our fully modular concept combines Turbine cylinders are shipped fully assembled to reduce site work and construction time.
HP, IP, and LP sections to deliver high efficiency and process steam supply.
An extensive LP blades portfolio allows a customized rear stage selection to fit
Available with a single casing, STF-A200 steam turbines have internally and externally all ambient conditions and achieve higher efficiency steam cycles.
controlled flow extractions to tap steam at any point along the steam path at the desired flow
and pressure conditions. Arrangement options are available with axial exhaust.
A flexible arrangement of steam extraction nozzles along the blade path
helps extract steam for project-specific conditions.
Design solutions for internally controlled steam extractions are available. Adaptive stage technology is used to control
low pressure steam extractions, while intersections with dedicated valves are appropriate for higher pressures.
STF-A200 steam turbines have internally and externally

controlled extractions to tap steam at any point along the GE STF-A200 Platform technical data
steam path at the desired flow and pressure conditions. 140 bar (2031 psi)
Main steam
565C (1049F)
Frequency 50 Hz and 60 Hz
Output 300 MW
Steam turbine efficiency Up to 40.5%
0.35 bar (10.34 inHg)

Maximum backpressure
0.7 bar (20.67 inHg) with special high back pressure rear stages)
Sliding pressure mode

Control concept Fixed pressure mode (control stage)
Hybrid mode
Turbine cylinders are shipped fully assembled to

reduce site work and construction time.
60 61
COMPONENTS GENERATORS

Enhanced technical performance and
GENERATORS reduced maintenance costs
GEs generators are experienced and reliable machines that offer high technical performances. Our generators have
Designed for efficiency and reliability, enhancing successfully operated in more than 2,000 projects worldwide, providing different power output levels and cooling
media depending on customer need. Designed to help lower plant investment costs, our generators enhance operation
operation and limiting maintenance cost. and limit maintenance costs.
GIGATOP 2-Pole TOPGAS

(water-cooled) (hydrogen-cooled)
2-Pole generators are GEs enhanced solution TOPGAS generators are high-efficiency machines.
for coal power plant applications.
The high power output of this product family provides a
This generator has operated in more than cost-effective alternative to conventional water-cooled
100 projects since 1973. A power plant in the machines that are commonly used for similar high power
Netherlands has the worlds most powerful generator output levels.
(1,113 MW) running in a coal power plant.
TOPAIR TOPACK
(air-cooled) (air-cooled)
TOPAIR generators are precise and robust machines TOPACK generators are ideal for applications demanding
offering high power output and efficiency. This simple, packaged and ready-to-install generators. There
machine can be used in many different applications. are more than 1,500 machines installed worldwide.
Product Power Output Range (MVA)
GIGATOP 2-pole
600-1500 MVA
Water-cooled
TOPGAS
280-710 MVA
Hydrogen-cooled
TOPAIR
200-400 MVA
Air-cooled
TOPACK
45-200 MVA
Air-cooled
GEs generators are designed to meet all relevant standards, regulations and grid codes that may apply
in specific 50 Hz and 60 Hz countries. Machines are designed according to IEC and IEEE standards and are designed
for temperature rises of class 130 (B). The insulation, using either DURITENAX or MICADUR* tape (depending on the
product family), fulfills thermal class 155 (F). We perform quality tests and inspections during manufacturing, delivery,
construction and commissioning of the machines to help ensure high quality and conformance with our customers needs.
62 63
Technologies bring added value GEs generators have additional design features that enhance
GEs generators use technologies and contain features that save time and money for the end customer.
technical performance and reduce maintenance costs:
Based on many years of proven experience and continuous feedback from our customers, these technologies
Roebel bars in the stator winding reduce losses and heighten efficiency.
often are shared among different product families, as shown in the following three examples.
The MICADUR* insulation system is a well-proven insulation tape that helps ensure high reliability.
Laminated press-plates and low-loss core laminations enhance efficiency.

Tubes in stainless steel for
stator-winding cooling
Used on GIGATOP 2-pole generator
The following table summarizes the availability
The cooling tubes in the stator winding of GEs GIGATOP 2-pole
generator are made of stainless steel, so they cant corrode, and of features within each product family:
the risk of clogging leading to an unplanned forced outage is
eliminated. GE is the only manufacturer to offer this feature.
GIGATOP
TOPGAS TOPAIR TOPACK
2-Pole
tator end-winding support

S
for short maintenance time
Self-retightening end-winding support Enhanced stator

bars insulation for
MICADUR MICADUR MICADUR DURITENNAX
VPI VPI VPI Resin Rich
Used on TOPAIR, TOPGAS and GIGATOP 2-pole generators reliable operation
GEs generators have a self-retightening end-winding support,

which allows thermal expansion of the bars while simultaneously oncave-convex wedges
C Ripple Spring
tightening the winding in radial and tangential directions. This for reliability and short System
system saves maintenance time for the generator end user, avoids maintenance time
forced outages, and increases plant availability on the grid.
nhanced stator core
E
design for low losses
and maintenance
Enhanced seal oil system Triple-circuit Single-circuit

for low hydrogen losses - -
seal oil system seal oil system
and high efficiency
Concave- Convex wedges Enhanced cooling system Hydrogen

Hydrogen Air Air
for high efficiency and water
Used on TOPAIR, TOPGAS and GIGATOP 2-pole generators
Skid-mounted auxiliaries - -
The concave-concex wedges used in GEs generators have a
that save time on site
unique design that sustains pressure on the stator bars. This
constant pressure prevents radial movements of the winding,
avoiding a forced outage from insulation breakdown while Installed fleets 680 3150 3550 1350
cutting maintenance hours and increasing plant availability.
64 65
GIGATOP 2-Pole
Frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz
Reliable water cooled generator Power factor 0.8 to 0.9 0.85
The hydrogen and water-cooled GIGATOP 2-pole generator is used for coal power plants, nuclear full speed
Apparent power 600 MVA to 1500 MVA 600 MVA to 1050 MVA
turbines, and gas power plants and can be found in 100 systems since 1973. Flexible in design, each machine fits
the end users power needs with high efficiency. The GIGATOP 2-pole generator has proven to be highly reliable.
Efficiency Up to 99% Up to 98.9%
For example, a unit in the U.S. boasted 607 days of uninterrupted operation before a scheduled shutdown.
Based on technology pioneered in the 1970s, the GIGATOP 2-pole generator is constantly improved with continuous Terminal voltage 18 kV to 27 kV 22 kV to 26 kV
feedback from operational experience worldwide. Designed for both rail and road transport, the generator has
only a small number of individual parts, which translates into shorter delivery and faster installation time. Reliability* 99.996% 99.996%
Applications *Average reliability calculated according to standard IEEE-762 from measurements collected over nine
GIGATOP 2-pole units between 1990 and 2012 by the independent company Strategic Power System
GIGATOP 2-pole generator is well-suited for the nuclear full-speed Turbine Generator package.
GIGATOP 2-pole generator represents more than 100 units installed.

Key features
High power output levels Efficient and flexible
For example, the GIGATOP 2-pole generator The cooling system sustains a high level of efficiency and
SUCCESS STORIES in the operation in Leibstadt (Switzerland) has a unique design of press plates for higher reactive
nuclear plant at 1,190 MW. power and stabilization in case of grid disturbance.
First 1,000 MW coal plant in China from GE
Since the rail network in China has narrow tunnel profiles and load restrictions, Robust and reliable design Continuously evolving technology
a specific GIGATOP 2-pole generator was designed to fulfill all of Chinas specific The design takes into account normal The first GIGATOP 2-pole generator was developed in the
technical and rail transportation requirements for dimensions and weight. operation and transients. 1970s and has evolved continuously ever since, based
on feedback collected from operating experience.
66 67
TOPGAS Frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz
Power factor 0.8 0.85

Best-in-class hydrogen-cooled generator
TOPGAS hydrogen-cooled generators benefit from a strong heritage of technology and
extensive operational feedback. The TOPGAS power output range is a cost-effective Efficiency Up to 98.9% Up to 99%
alternative to bigger and more complex hydrogen-water-cooled generators.
Terminal voltage 18 kV to 23 kV 19 kV to 23 kV
The low density, high specific heat and high thermal conductivity of hydrogen gas enables the highest efficiency
generators on GEs portfolio. Hydrogen-cooled generators use proven technologies and advanced materials.
Reliability* 99.715% 99.715%
* Average reliability calculated according to Standard IEEE-762 from measurements collected from 34
TOPGAS units between 1998 and 2012 by the independent company Strategic Power System.
Key features
Lower investment cost Excellent 99.7 % reliability
SUCCESS STORIES Derived from the high power rating and the Based on measurements collected from 34
TOPGAS in high cyclic operation generators efficiency. TOPGAS machines are TOPGAS units between 1998 and 2012.
a cost-effective alternative to more complex
A TOPGAS unit in a 400 MW gas-fired combined cycle plant, powering hydrogen-water-cooled generators that normally Easy to maintain
a Japanese steel production facility, has been operating reliably in are used for similar power output levels
Thanks to specific design features of the stator bar
daily start-stop mode since September 2002, accumulating more High efficiency of around 99% wedging and stator end-winding support parts
than 2,050 starts & more than 48,000 operating hours.
Mainly because of the enhanced winding
and hydrogen cooling system
68 69
GENERATORS
- TOPAIR
TOPAIR Frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz
Power factor 0.8 0.85

Precise and robust air-cooled generator
The most powerful air-cooled generator in operation today, GEs TOPAIR unit has accumulated worldwide operational
experience from more than 570 installations. It is a robust machine providing high reliability and maintainability.
Efficiency Up to 98.9% Up to 98.9%
TOPAIR air-cooled generators have a power output range that usually is found in larger and less cost-effective hydrogen-
cooled generators. This is the result of continuous, evolutionary development that has pushed the limits of power output Terminal voltage 11.5 kV to 22 kV 13.8 kV to 22 kV
while enhancing efficiency and controlling investment costs.
Reliability* 99.911% 99.911%
At the same time, it is simple and easy to operate and maintain. The flexible TOPAIR, because of its short
production time (parallel manufacture of stator and casing, pre-assembly, and ease of transport), is a generator
that can be up and running quickly. This reduces construction and commissioning time and accelerates plant
* Average reliability calculated according to Standard IEEE-762 from measurements collected from 304
revenue flow. TOPAIR units are available in standardized sizes, with different capabilities and performances.
TOPAIR units between 1990 and 2012 by the independent company Strategic Power System.
Key features
SUCCESS STORIES
Continuous improvement
TOPAIR working in a tough environment Cost advantage
More than 200 TOPAIR generators have been installed in the Middle East, where Due to high power rating and efficiency,
Based on measurements collected from 34
TOPGAS units between 1998 and 2012
their durability and robustness are tested to the limit by extreme operating over hydrogen-cooled generators
conditions. 32 TOPAIR units have been operating in Saudi Arabia since 1978.
Bahrain is host to the worlds largest air-cooled generator, which has been
Proven operational flexibility Extensive worldwide
operating since 1999 & has accumulated more than a million operating hours.
From demonstrated robustness and reliability Operational experience with more than
over many years in all operation modes 570 units installed worldwide
70
70 71
TOPACK Frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz
Packaged air-cooled generator Power factor 0.8 0.85
The air-cooled TOPACK generator is remarkable for its breadth of customer advantages and its accumulated experience. Apparent power 45 MVA to 200 MVA 45 MVA to 200 MVA
The packaged TOPACK solution comes complete with all necessary electrical equipment, saving our Efficiency Up to 98.7% Up to 98.6%
customers time, effort and money. Compact and modular, based on standardized manufacturing
processes, a TOPACK generator quickly gives our customers exactly what they need. It is delivered as a
Terminal voltage 11 kV to 15 kV 13.8 kV
single unit that is ready to install, simple to integrate into the power plant, and easy to maintain.
The TOPACK generator is highly reliable, with a wide power range that is versatile enough to handle
all kinds of applications indoor or outdoor and in a variety of climates. TOPACK generators
are available in standardized sizes, with different capabilities and performances.
Key features
Reliable and robust

Fully packed
Product, with more than 1,300 installations worldwide
Generator that comes complete
and proven in many different environments
with all electrical systems
SUCCESS STORIES
Extreme operating conditions Compact size & easy maintenance
A refinery in Kazakhstan is located at one of the largest oil fields in For quick and easy transportation and installation
the world & faces extreme ambient temperatures reaching -36C. 2
TOPACK units are installed there to produce electrical power & these
machines have operated reliably for more than 10 years.
72 73
COMPONENTS HEAT EXCHANGERS
Condensers
Proven technology for higher plant performance

For 50 years, more than 1000 of our condensers have been engineered, commissioned and delivered. Over the past
35 years, we have retrofitted more than 70 condenser tube bundles and set a record of 19 days for a retrofit.
GE condensers are designed for each specific installation, meeting sustained high-performance requirements, enhancing
reliability, adapting to varied site cooling conditions, and providing simplified construction with pre-assembled modules.
Typical solutions for: 600 MW 900 MW 1000 MW
GEs range of condenser technologies (Church Window and Daisy) have been proven to meet highest performance
requirements (outperforming HEI standard by up to 30 %) - and to realize highly compact tube bundle designs. Condenser vacuum type Dual Single Single
Condenser thermal load (MW) 583 818 1139
Key benefits Absolute pressure at turbine/

32/42 31 75
condenser connection (mbar abs)
Higher performance and reliability, patented tube bundle design and a track Max condensate O2 content at
15 15 15
record of outstanding performance over the past 50 years. 100 % load with make-up (ppm)
Terminal temperature
Highly efficient tube bundles features 2.5/2.5 2.5 4
difference (C)
- highest heat transfer coefficients and greatest efficiency, Circulating water

- no condensate subcooling,
- extreme low oxygen content in the condensate Circulating water
18.4/22.9 14.1 31
- and allows a highly compact and customized design to comply with challenging space constraints. temperature design (C)
Circulating water nature Cooling tower water River water Sea water
Reduced costs, simplified construction.
Circulating water flow (m/s) 16 25 52.9
Condensers are delivered as fully tubed modules, so that little welding is required on site. The condenser
typically houses low pressure heaters for simplified arrangement of the turbine building, keeping Circulating water
4.5/4.3 8.1 5.3
steam-side pressure losses at minimum by means of advanced steam path optimization. temperature rise (C)
Tubes
Robust design for flexible operation. Is designed to handle turbine and steam
generator overloads and variations in cooling water temperature.
Exchange surface (m2) 18810/20630 40650 46530
It is resistant to impingement erosion and tube vibration.

Material Stainless steel Stainless steel Titanium
Length (m) 12.8/11.7 15.7 11.4
Tube to tubesheet joint Expanded Expanded Expanded/Welded
Weights
SUCCESS STORIES
Mannheim 9, Germany - Outstanding condenser performance In operation (tons) 1140 1160 1450
In 2015, the condenser of the 900 MW USC power plant has been Dimensions
commissioned and performance measurement substantiate a Overall width (m) 6.7/6.7 23.9 18.3
heat transfer coefficient exceeding 25 % of the value calculated Overall length (m) 21.6 21.3 15.7
as per HEI (Heat Exchange Institute) Standards.
Overall height (m) 16.8 12.9 15
74 75
COMPONENTS HEAT EXCHANGERS
Feedwater plant package

GE integrates heat exchangers and pumps in the portfolio Quantitative analysis and heat balance models help determine
and brings insight into the steam / water cycle integration. preferred configuration. Customers can expect operational flexibility,
high efficiency and reliability, and overall cost effectiveness.
Condensate extraction pump High pressure heaters

The condensate extraction pumps are from two main families: the vertical multi-stage bowl Feedwater heaters are used in a regenerative water-steam cycle to improve the thermodynamic
diffuser type, or can type, with a single- or double-suction impeller and the horizontal multistage efficiency. Our HP heaters are tubesheet type heat exchangers of shell and tube design. The
in line construction. We offer various configurations, with or without a pump in standby. Multistage design ensures high heat transfer, optimum partition into the different heat exchange areas
arrangements are used for extended applications as combined condensate extraction and (desuperheating, condensation, subcooling) and economic integration into the w/s cycle.
polishing. Variable speed drives are available for all types of specifications, including large flow
requirements. The pumps are designed to operate safely and economically on a large operating GE HP feedwater heaters provide a robust design for flexible plant operation, supported
range. The modular design allows for taylored solutions in particular for harsh water conditions. by state-of-the-art design methods to assess and improve lifetime requirements.
Low pressure heaters Concrete volute pumps

GE low pressure feedwater heaters are of shell and tube type design and contribute to improved GEs concrete volute pumps offer high reliability, averaging above 99.9% in more
plant efficiency by following features: than 30 years of proven operation, with a very high flow rate (up to 50 m3/s). The
simple design with minimal components and enhanced corrosion-resistant features
High heat transfer due to excellent air removal on the steam side. makes concrete volute pumps particularly suitable to sites where large volumes
Optimal partition of the heat exchange area into condensing and subcooling zones. of water must be pumped such as cooling water and SWFGD systems.
Optimal thermodynamic and economic integration into the steam/water cycle.
Our custom-manufactured LP heaters offer outstanding reliability.
Feedwater storage tank and deaerator

This combined unit performs three functions: It eliminates all oxygen to avoid any damage
to the bales and steam generator respectively, it also heats the feedwater with a steam
extraction from the turbine, and it provides a reserve of deaerated and heated water, SUCCESS STORIES
necessary for follow plant operation. Our technology covers spray, tray and re-boiling
deaerator types which allow to meet customer and plant requirements in an optimum way.
Belchatow, Poland - Single train HP feedwater heaters
Large HP feedwater heaters with a tubesheet diameter of ~2.5 m and a thickness
>550 mm have been successful in operation since commissioning during 2011.
Vertical turbine pumps
GEs proven vertical turbine pumps are highly efficient for power plant water main
cooling and SWFGD systems. The outstanding hydraulic database allows setting up your
pumps with the best in class efficiency with axial, mixed flow or centrifugal impellers.
Our pump are designed to be robust and reliable with the use of Duplex alloy for harsh
sea water quality and easy to maintain with GEs simple, light and efficient design.
76 77
COMPONENTS AQCS
PORTFOLIO AND OVERVIEW Pioneer in air quality control for power

AIR QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEMS (AQCS) and industrial applications
We have provided our customers with advanced air quality control systems (AQCS) for more than 80 years.
Providing advanced emission controls, we offer a variety of solutions to GEs expertise, technology and comprehensive product portfolio enable our customers to comply with todays
upgrade our customers existing equipment with our latest innovations stringent emission regulations for particulate and gaseous pollutants emitted from power plants and industrial
operations. Our high quality and cost-effective equipment and services can be adapted to our customers needs.
for improved perfomance and low/or lower operating cost.
Our success
80 years
of experience providing
500
In power applications
GW 6000
Units in industrial applications
advanced emission controls
Russia and CIS

Power 14 GW
Industry 110 Systems
Europe
Power 113 GW
North America Asia
Industry 2,060 Systems
Power 160 GW Power 72 GW
Industry 460 Systems Industry 1,900 Systems
India
Middle East and Africa Power 51 GW
Power 40 GW Industry 800 Systems
Latin America
Power 7 GW
Oceania
Power 43 GW
At GE, we:
Help our customers determine the best combination of technologies for their specific requirements
Offer a range of products to comply with todays stringent emissions regulations
eliver a variety of AQCS on an engineering, procurement and construction

D
(EPC) or engineering and procurement (EP) basis
Provide after-sales services including spare parts, inspection and remote monitoring
Offer a variety of solutions to upgrade our customers existing equipment with our latest innovations
for improved performance and/or lower operating costs compared with installed equipment.
78 79
COMPONENTS AQCS
Specialized offerings Innovative products and technologies

With GE, customers receive a wealth of air quality control know-how. For new build, upgrades and retrofit of existing AQCS, Since 1983, our technology center in Vxj, Sweden one of the largest in the world in the field of environmental control
we offer on-demand solutions that meet our customers requirements, including partial or full scope as described below: solutions has been at the forefront of advanced research and development for air quality and CO2 control solutions.
Focusing on technology innovation and product validation, it has test halls for pilot operations and flow modelling,
an analytical laboratory specializing in particle and environmental analysis, an instrument workshop, high voltage
facilities for ESP electrical testing (SIR, T/R sets), and a mechanical workshop for pilot equipment manufacturing.
Engineering
GE offers advanced air pollution control engineering, from process and
equipment design to construction, operations and maintenance.
Equipment supply
Our comprehensive AQCS portfolio of products covers a broad range of
pollutants with industry leading technology with a single process or a
combination to cover the entire flue gas chain. This gives customers the flexibility
to address complex interactions between components and processes.
Construction and commissioning

We offer:
Construction management
Commissioning management
Construction and commissioning advisory services cutting

maintenance hours and increasing plant availability.
Inspection and maintenance Pioneer in air quality control for

We provide these services for our own fleet and/or other AQCS solutions.
power and industrial applications
80 81
COMPONENTS AQCS
Particulate control
Dry and wet electrostatic precipitators (ESPs)
Advancements in GE ESP technologies over the past decade have produced continued improvement
in particulate removal efficiency, reductions in capital costs and footprint. GE offers a wide
range of robust, cost effective and reliable ESP designs for a variety of applications.
Backed by decades of experience on an extended range of fuel combinations and industrial applications,
our solutions cater to increasingly strict regulations at a lower life cycle cost. We offer:
Spiral and rigid designs of emitting electrodes
Tumbling hammer and electric impact rapping systems
Flexible layout and modular designs
Integrated ESP control systems, including the latest generation of EPIC

controller for enhanced ESP performance and power savings
Dry ESP
Switched Integrated Rectifiers (SIR) for increased power input, lower power losses and improved Power - Boilers and Heaters, Industry*
Applications
particulate removal efficiency. Ideal for performance enhancements of existing ESPs.
Key features of dry ESP Power capacity (MWe) 10 to 1300
Cost efficient modular design Gas temperatures (C) 25 400
Less than 10 mg/Nm3 emissions Dust loading at ESP inlet (g/Nm3) 0.2 200
More than 242 GW installed in power generation Emission at ESP outlet (mg/Nm3) Down to 10-30 (filterable only)
In addition to dry ESP technology, GE also offers horizontal wet ESPs for specific applications
*Industry- cement: kiln, mills, cooler; iron & steel: sintering, pelletization, sponge iron kiln, cast house, stock house;
biomass fired boilers; waste to energy plants; pulp & paper: recovery boiler, lime kiln; non-ferrous- smelter,
Key features of wet ESP
converter; oil & gas: FCCU et. al.
Ultra-low particulate emissions (less than 1mg/Nm3), acid mists, aerosols, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
Wet ESP
More than 80 references for various applications
Applications Power - Boilers and Heaters, Synthesis gas and Industry*
Gas temperatures (C) Up to 70, saturated gas
Gas flow rate (m3/s) 15 2000
Dust loading at ESP inlet (g/Nm3) Up to 1.2
PM Emission at ESP outlet (mg/Nm3) Down to 0.5 (filterable only)
SO3 Emissions (ppm) Down to 1
*Industry - iron & steel- blast furnace, iron & steel- scarfing, iron & steel- converters, aluminium- anode baking
82 83
COMPONENTS AQCS
Particulate control
Fabric Filter (FF)
GE fabric filters have been developed over the past decade for lower particulate emissions, reductions in
capital cost and footprint. GE fabric filters offer a robust solution especially when the dust characteristics
are challenging or variable. GE offers both high ratio (pulse jet) and low ratio (reverse air) options.
Fabric filters may be used stand-alone or integrated in Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization (DFGD) solutions (NID or SDA),
for dry scrubbing in the aluminum industry (AbartTM), or as the principal and polishing filters in mercury control
solutions (Mer-CureTM or FilsorptionTM).
Key features:
Lower than 5 mg/Nm3 particulate emissions possible, greater than 99.97%

particulates, high PM10 and PM 2.5 removal rate
More than 47 GW installed in power applications
Filters up to 12 meters tall for reduced footprint and operational costs
Large fuel flexibility and ability to handle varying boiler loads
Renowned OPTIPULSE (TM) filtration technology with gravimetric flow

and OPTIPOW TM plunger valves for efficient bag cleaning
Modulated Pulse Cleaning for longer bag life and lower particulate emission
Stand-alone or integrated in multi-pollutant systems
Latest advanced controller for superior FF performance
The combination of OPTIPOW TM valves and advanced controller on a new or existing fabric
Types Pulse jet filters and Reverse air filters
filter provides longer bag life compared to other solutions available in the market
Applications Power Boilers and Heaters, Industry*
Power capacity (MWe) 10 to 1000
Gas temperatures (C) 25 260
Dust loading at FF inlet (g/Nm3) 2 100, for DFGD application up to 2000
Emission at FF outlet (mg/Nm3) Down to 1-5 (filterable only)
SUCCESS STORIES
Bag life guarantee (Years) 1 to 6 depending on application and filter type
GE has installed one mega fabric filter after boiler no 4 at the Manjung power plant in
Malaysia. This unit is of 1000 MWe capacity. The fabric filter has 10 m long bags and is divided into
20 compartments. It was designed for low emissions for a wide range of coals. The stack emission
during the recently conducted performance test was measured at less than 5 mg/Nm3.
* Industry- Cement: Kiln, Mills, Cooler; Auxiliary dedusting, Iron & Steel: sintering, pelletization, cast house,
stock house, coke oven; Biomass fired boilers; Waste to Energy plants; Pulp & Paper: lime kiln et.al.
84 85
COMPONENTS AQCS
SOx control
Dry flue gas desulfurization (DFGD)
Dry desulfurization systems have been used for SOx control and multi-pollutant control for
several decades. They are generally based on lime utilization as sorbent and the end product
is dry with no need for any waste water treatment as compared to wet systems.
GEs portfolio of dry flue gas desulfurization

(DFGD) solutions includes:
NID
The GE technology NID is futher developed into the most cost effective solution with a low foot-
print as additional benefit. Additionally, the technology can be combined with PAC injection giving
an excellent mercury collection. The technology can be applied for small to large plant for different
applications, also outside typical power application, all with the same generic design
Spray dryer absorber (SDA)

This conventional dry FGD system is made up of a reactor followed by a fabric filter. In the reactor,
DFGD (NID) DFGD (SDA)
the reagent slurry solution is atomized using either GEs rotary atomizer technology or dual fluid
nozzles, and the droplets react with the gaseous pollutants in the flue gas stream.
Up to 98 Up to 98
SO2 Removal rate (%) SO2 Removal rate (%)
SO3 Removal rate (%) Up to 95 SO3 Removal rate (%) Up to 95
Key features: Up to 95 Up to 95
HCl Removal rate (%) HCl Removal rate (%)
NID SDA
HF Removal rate (%) Up to 95 HF Removal rate (%) Up to 95
More than 20 years of successful commercial More than 35 years of experience, 17 GW
operation, 19 GW installed for power applications installed capacity for power applications Maximum SO2 content 10,000 Maximum SO2 content 6,000
at inlet (mg/Nm3) at inlet (mg/Nm3)
Up to 98% SO2 removal, up to 4% sulfur More than 80 references for various applications
in coal, multi-pollutant control Particulate emission 10 Particulate emission 10
Can be combined with PAC injection guarantee (mg/Nm3) guarantee (mg/Nm3)
Compact footprint: less than 50%, compared for efficiency mercury capture.
Applicable Applicable
to Spray Dryer Absorber (SDA) Fuel Fuel
for all fuels for all fuels
Modular and standard design to reduce construction Max inlet temperature (C) 200 Max inlet temperature (C) 260
costs and and provide scalability from small
projects up to very large power plant
Load range per module (%) 50 - 100 Load range per module (%) 15 - 100
Simple operation and maintenance;
Reagent Ca(OH)2 or CaO Reagent Ca(OH)2 or CaO
low operational costs
Can be combined with PAC injection

for efficiency mercury capture.
86 87
COMPONENTS AQCS
SOx control
Wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD)
Advancements in GE WFGD technologies over the past decade have produced continued improvement in performance
levels, reductions in capital costs and footprint, and reductions in auxiliary power loads for every ton of SO2 removed.
GEs WFGD portfolio consists of the following options:

WFGD-open spray tower (OST)
The third generation WFD-OST operates over a range of 300 to 1,300 MW. The system offers lower
power consumption and has smaller dimensions and lower cost compared to previous generations, while
reaching nearly zero emissions. The gypsum by-product recovered is usable in wallboard or cement.
GEs Flowpac WFGD is designed for unit sizes up to 360 MW. In this turbulent bed absorber, flue gas passes through
a bed of gypsum and limestone slurry. It is targeted for applications with fuels having medium to high sulfur content
and requiring increased SO2 and SO3 removal efficiency. In addition, it is well suited for varying fuel conditions.
Sea water FGD (SWFGD) technology

GEs SWFGD is a unique no by-product SO2 removal solution. Thanks to more than 40 years
of experience in SWFGD technology for power generation and industry applications, we are
the leading provider of SWFGD for power generation and industry applications.
Recent improvements is seawater distribution in the absorber and improved air addition approach and design
SWFGD WFGD OST
approach in the seawater treatment plant (SWTP) have reduced system power consumption and reduced footprint.
Maximum gas flow rate Maximum gas flow rate
3,400,000 3,200,000
per absorber (Nm3/h) per absorber (Nm3/h)
Key features:
Power plant size (MW) up to 1,000 Power plant size (MW) up to 1,300
WFGD (OST)
SWFGD
Coal, lignite, oil, Coal, lignite, oil,
Approximately 60 GW installed capacity Fuel HFO, industrial Fuel HFO, industrial
An economical desulfurization solution
processes processes
for plants in coastal areas
Flexible absorber performance with
controllability of the SO2 removal rate Maximum SO2 content Maximum SO2 content
Approximately 51 GW in operation 15,000 17,000
at inlet (mg/Nm3) at inlet (mg/Nm3)
or under construction for a variety of
Improved performance control through patented
applications and a wide range of fuels
SulfiTracTM sulfite analyzer. Reduces mercury emissions, SO2 Removal rate SO2 Removal rate
98 > 99 achieved
saves power, and improves treatability of purge water. with GGH (%) with GGH (%)
No solid reagent or byproduct handling or
disposal and related operating costs.
Fuel flexibility for all types of fuel SO2 Emissions (mg/Nm3) 30 SO2 Emissions (mg/Nm3) 15
(including heavy fuel oil).
Load range (% MCR) 20 - 100 Load range (% MCR) 20 - 100
Lower power consumption with lower
emissions of particulates and aerosols Seawater temperature
4 - 45 HCl Removal Rate (%) > 99
inlet to absorber (C)
Alkalinity minimum
1.2 HF Removal Rate (%) > 99
(mmol/l)
pH Seawater inlet Limestone,

7.7 Reagent
(minimum) line or sodium
88 89
COMPONENTS AQCS
NOx control
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
GEs Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology controls nitrogen oxides (NOx) formed in combustion
processes. With more than 30 years of experience with SCR technology for power generation and industry
applications, GEs lower cost DeNOx solutions help customers reach their requested performance levels.
The GE SCR system including ammonia injection, mixing system and unique design features offer
the lowest operation cost in combination with high performance and high reliability.
Key features:
More than 49 GW installed with more than 80 installations
Up to 95% NOx removal, low ammonia slip (less than 2 ppm)
Proprietary IsoSwirl* mixing technology and specific ammonia injection grid design for improved performances Reactor size (m3/h) up to 5,400,000
Mercury oxidation capability can be included Gas, fuel oil, orimulsion, petroleum coke,
Fuel type
biofuel (virgin wood or peat), coal
Design for superior flow distribution
High dust SCR for power plants and CHP plants; tail end
Reactor position
SCR for power plants and industrial applications
Economizer by-pass to be included if needed
Coal applications: vertical down
Partnerships with leading catalyst suppliers Reactor flow direction Oil applications: vertical up or vertical down
Gas applications: vertical up or vertical down and horizontal
Soot blower using steam or compressed
Cleaning method
air, sonic air horns, air sweepers
Up to 95
NOx Removal efficiency (%)
NH3 Slip (ppm) 2
300-435 for coal/oil

Operation temperature (oC)
230-454 for gas
200-300 for tail end solutions
NOx Inlet concentration (ppm) 1000
1 (minimum)
O2 (%)
SUCCESS STORY SO2 (ppm) up to 3,500

In July 2008 EDP, the main power producer in Portugal, chose this technology to retrofit their power
station of Sines with four new SCR units. These SCR units are designed for 81% NOx removal efficiency
SO2/ SO3 Conversion (%) 0.5 - 2.0
and use heated ammonia solution as the reagent and a vanadium/titanium honeycomb catalyst. With these
SCR units, Portugal has become one of the few countries in Europe to have equipped all of its coal-fired plants
with systems to control both SOx (sulfur oxides) and NOx, thus meeting European Union emission targets. Ash load (mg/Nm3) up to 35,000
Reagent type Anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, urea
90 91
COMPONENTS AQCS
Other AQCS solutions

In addition to addressing the most common pollutants, such as particulatematter,
SOx and NOx, GE offers solutions for capturing other pollutants.
Mercury
The FilsorptionTM system uses activated carbon injection upstream of a standard primary or
secondary particulate control system. The Mer-CureTM system uses a proprietary approach
injection of sorbent upstream, for air preheaters, for improved mercury capture.
More than 25 years and 29 GW installed
More than two million hours of reliable operation
Volatile organic compounds (VOC)

For VOC mitigation, GE provides thermal oxidizers and regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTO) mature technologies that
have been sold for many decades. Systems provide heat recovery (steam, hot air, hot oil), and zero fuel operation of RTO.
Spray dryer evaporator (SDETM) / Zero discharge (ZD)

GE offers a proven SDETM solution for plants operating WFGD technologies to achieve Zero Discharge (ZD).
Our simple and cost effective SDETM technology uses a slip stream of hot flue gas to evaporate waste
water. The dissolved or suspended solids are collected in existing particulate removal equipment, or
optionally with a separate collector. Standard truck shippable design is available for smaller applications
that reduces costs and project schedule. The SDETM can evaporate waste water as a stand alone system, or
for large waste water flows it can be used along with a brine concentrator to reduce the volume. Optional
addition of lime to the wastewater feed stream can provide partial acid gas (SO3 and HCl) removal.
Regenerative thermal oxidizer VOC Control Thermal Oxidizer
Gas flow rate (Nm3/min) 30-3,000 Gas flow rate (Nm3/min) up to 1200
VOC Concentration (% of LEL) 0-25 VOC Concentration (% of LEL) 0-25
Load range (%) 33-100 Load range (%) 33-100
3
Inlet dust load (mg/Nm wg) Max 2.0 Inlet dust load (mg/Nm3 wg) Max 2.0
Oxygen content in process gas (%) 8-21

Oxygen content in process gas (%) 10-21
VOC Destruction efficiency (%) Up to 95-99.5 VOC Destruction efficiency (%) Max. 99.5
92 93
COMPONENTS AQCS
Mercury control filsorption for power (typical)
Fuel Boiler flue gas
Activated carbon or activated lignite

Reagent
coke and/or non carbon sorbents
Optional depending on the halogen
Bromine injection
content in the coal
Removal efficiency (%) Up to 92
Temperature (C) 200
PAC Addition rate (kg/106 Nm3/h)) 50-200
Zero discharge SDETM for power (typical)
3
Evaporation rate (m /h) 5-35
Wastewater TDS (mg/l) Up to 140,000
Wastewater TSS (%) Up to 20
3
Gas flow rate (Nm /h) Up to 500,000
Max inlet temperature (C) 400
Load range per module (%) 30-100
94 95
COMPONENTS AQCS
Solutions for existing AQCS

Plant operators today face various challenges such as compliance with more stringent environmental
regulations, need for improved plant flexibility, and cost reduction. With an understanding of these challenges,
GE uses the knowledge of AQCS technologies and continues to innovate, offering a full range of:
Upgrades and retrofit solutions for our customers existing AQCS equipment
Services and parts for operation and maintenance
Solutions for particulate AQCS equipment

ESP energization, SIR technology
Switch Integrated Rectifiers (SIR) technology offers a cost efficient solution to meet new and more
stringent emission legislation as well as reduction of auxiliary power requirements.
Key features
Avoids cost intensive retrofit
Suitable for ESPs in power and industrial applications, such as coal fired boilers, cement and pulp & paper
Suitable for installation on new or existing ESPs from GE and also other OEMs
More than 4000 SIR units in operation around the world; a solution developed in the 1990s
Reduces particle emissions up to 70% compared to conventional technology, Solution for performance improvement of existing AQCS equipment - GE & other OEMs
and emission levels down to below 20 mg/Nm3, when required
SIR ESP ESP Power Supply Emission & energy optimization
Highest available energy efficiency, 96% (at rated power)
EPIC ESP TR Controller Emission & energy optimization
Very low reactive power consumption, power factor >90% (at rated power)
ERIC ESP Rapper Controller Control of electric impact rappers
Optimizes power input to ESP EFFIC FF FF Controller Air consumption & bag life enhancement
Optipow FF Pulse Valve Superior pulsing performance for bag cleaning
ESP to FF conversion ProMo4 ESP/FF/FGD Monitoring & Control Software Performance tuning & analytical tool, remote connectivity
ETU ESP/FF/FGD Human Machine Interface Hand-held unit for controller settings, input & display
Offers a cost efficient solution to meet new stringent particulate emission requirements
PCETU/PCMTU ESP/FF/FGD Human Machine Interface PC-based unit for controller settings, input & display
Increase robustness and enable a wider coal range
IM300 ESP/FF/FGD Protocol Convertor Flaktbus to ethernet converter
Low cost alternative utilizing existing casing
AGDMS ESP Gas Distribution(GD) Measurement Tool Robotic device for automated gd measurement
The FF conversion incorporates all key elements of the standard optipulse fabric filter
Ammonia
ESP Ammonia Injection in Flue Gas Stream Performance improvement of esp using ammonia injection
Injection Skid
Applicable to any process suitable to fabric filters
96 97
COMPONENTS AQCS
Switch integrated rectifiers (SIR)
SIR4 180 SIR4 120 SIR4 102 SIR4 60 SIR4 35
70 kV - 1700 mA 60 kV -1000 mA
70 kV / 2500 mA 70 kV - 1500 mA
Sizes Available HV 85 kV - 1400 mA 70 kV - 800 mA 85 kV - 400 mA
85 kV / 2100 mA 85 kV - 1200 mA
100 kV - 1200 mA 85 kV -700 mA
Power Suppy 380 V 313 A 400 V 196 A 380 V 180 A 380 V 104 A 380 V 61 A
Input (50 Hz) 400 V - 297 A 500 V - 157 A 400 V 175 A 400 V 99 A 400 V 58 A
Power Suppy
480 V - 248 A 480 V - 163 A 480 V - 146 A 480 V- 83A 480 V 48 A
Input (60 Hz)
Operating -25C to +40C

-25C to +40C -40C to +40C -25C to +40C -25C to +40C
Temperature* -25C to +45C **
845 x 1300 x 1210 mm

Size (wxdxh) 845 x 1300 x 1210 mm 845 x 1300 x 1210 mm 845 x 1295 x 985 mm 845 x 1295 x 985 mm
845 x 1300 x 1360 mm ***
Weight 620 kg 480 kg 430 kg 310 kg 310 kg
* Extended temp range available on request,** applies to 480 V, 60 Hz, *** applies to 100 kV model
SUCCESS STORY
GEs Environmental Control Systems and GE Power Service in Malaysia supplied, installed and commissioned the GE high frequency
transformers, SIR 4, and control units, EPIC III, at KAPAR Energy Ventures site. This is a 500 MW coal fired boiler located 50 km west of Kuala
Lumpur. With our powerful high frequency transformers and intelligent control units we were able to reduce particulate emissions by 50% compared
to the level before the installation and this was done with no other investment in the flue gas cleaning system! In addition the GE Process monitoring
system ProMo was installed enabling remote monitoring and adjusting of the flue gas handling system parameters for even higher efficiency.
98 99
COMPONENTS AQCS
Solutions for WFGD

GE as a global leader in WFGD supply offers numerous solutions to improve existing installations including
systems provided by other OEMs. Several solutions are available to upgrade acid gas and particulate removal.
Patented wall-ring solution reduces SO2 emissions by 40%
Improved nozzle/header arrangement increases SO2 and particulate removal
Tray additions improve SO2 and particulate removal
Modernizing oxidation air system including sulphite control
GE Spray dryer evaporator (SDE) eliminates waste water
GE variable frequency drives (VFD) on one or more recycle pumps provides power savings.
Designs with or without organic acid additives, GEs fuelsolv SOX102 additive available in some regions
Modern mist eliminator upgrades to reduce carryover
Sulphite analyser/Sulphite control
Patented continuous sulphite measurement.
Control sulphite level using the DCS by adjusting oxidation air flow rate.
Rugged design, very low maintenance.
Greatly reduces Hg re-emissions, by over 80%.
Greatly reduces dissolved Hg in WFGD purge water and shifts selenium speciation to
selenite allowing more effective and lower cost waste water treatment.
Reduces oxidation air blower power consumption by typically 10-20% at maximum

conditions, and much more with boiler turndown or lower sulphur fuel.
SUCCESS STORY
Seminole Electrics Palatka Station wanted to enhance their environmental control systems. They tested the WFGD with
sulphite control and found significant improvement in the plants wastewater and ease of treatment. There was also a beneficial
impact on the plants emissions profile. They are now in the process of installing sulphite analysers/control on 10 WFGD absorbers.
100 101
COMPONENTS AQCS
AQCS Products
SPS solutions for industry APPLICATION Particulate -FF Particulate-ESP DeSOx DFGD
DeSOx WFGD/
SWFGD
DeNOx-SCR
VOC- TO / RTO Mercury - Mercure
/ KemPAK /Filsorption
FCCU
GE Steam power systems also offers a variety of solutions Boilers/Heaters
for industrial applications, more particularly in the domains Tank farms/Odour/Flares
of air quality control and boiler & firing systems
OIL GAS
Captive power
Our air quality controls systems can serve multiple atmospheric pollution abatement needs in many
Sour gas incineration
industries such as iron and steel, cement, waste-to-energy, biomass, pulp and paper, aluminium, non-
ferrous metals, petrochemicals and oil & gas. We address pollutants such as particulates, SOx, NOx, Catalyst recovery unit
acid compounds, heavy metals, dioxin and furans. Additionally, we have developed products to mitigate
emissions such as HAPs (Hazardous air pollutants) and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds). SRU/TGTU
Waste To
Energy
Incinerators
We have also developed advanced and reliable grate firing and boiler systems for
waste to energy plants, leveraging experience started in the 1980s.
Iron ore sintering
Iron ore pelletization
Sponge iron kiln
Iron & Steel

Ventilation and
auxiliary dedusting
Electric arc furnace
Non-ferrous metal Waste to energy Aluminum Iron/Steel

Blast furnace
Boilers/ Captive
Cement kiln
Cement mill, clinker
Cement
SOLUTIONS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES cooler, coal mill and
Auxiliary dedusting
Boilers/ Captive
Pulp & Paper

Soda recovery boiler
Lime kiln
Biomass Pulp and paper Petrochemicals
Cement
Bio-mass Boilers/Heaters
Smelter/Converter
Ferrous
Non-
Auxiliary dedusting

Boiler products
APPLICATION Grate firing system Boiler
Waste incineration

102 103
COMPONENTS AQCS
Industry features
The combination of product and process expertise together with long experience, has led to
technically reliable and cost-effective solutions that meet specific industry requirements.
Waste to energy: GE WTE boiler is equipped with highly reliable air-cooled grate firing system and is applicable for
the thermal treatment of all kind of municipal waste. Tailored and efficient flue gas treatment solutions to help meet
the most stringent emission requirements for both air and water, and at the same time recover valuable energy.
Pulp and paper: Specific and advanced design of dedusting systems, i.e. electrostatic
precipitator (ESP) which incorporates our unique SIR technology : higher power input
leading to increased removal efficiency with lower power consumption.
Iron, steel and non-ferrous: primary and secondary steelmaking as well as melting
furnaces and converters for various non-ferrous productions.
Complete portfolio of air quality control solutions for all flue gas sources in primary.
Petrochemicals: allowing the petroleum and refining industry to conform to

strict emission limits while processing a broad feedstock.
Cement: Complete portfolio of solutions for particulate removal in the cement industry, using
proven technologies such as ESP and FF, as well as FGD solutions when required.
Non-ferrous: Specially designed ESPs for handling gas with extremely high SO2 content and high temperature.
Aluminum (primary, secondary, alumina and carbon): 50 years of experience with continuous
development of air quality control solutions integrated into the productionprocess. While lowering
the environmental footprint, our products directly participate to plant efficiency improvement.
SUCCESS STORY
In 2012, a contract was awarded to GE by the company Mlarenergi AB in Vsters, Sweden, to supply an advanced flue gas cleaning and waste
water treatment system to the worlds largest single line waste-to-energy plant firing 60 t/h of residual solid waste.
On this existing site, the investment was driven by the need to replace older production units while reducing the CO2 emissions for the production of power and heat for the city of Vsters and some of its surrounding
urban areas. On this project, GE supplied a semi-dry NID technology to remove the bulk of the pollutants followed by a condensing scrubber which further reduces pollutant emissions to very low level as per
customers requirements. While also polishing the emissions, the flue gas condenser recovers an additional 30 MWh of heat, which is distributed to multiple users in the district heating network, hence increasing
the thermal efficiency of the plant by 30%. The waste water treatment plant is based on reverse osmosis technology which purifies the excess condensate water to ultra-clean levels suitable for reuse in the plant or
safe discharge to the recipient. The plant was successfully commissioned in 2014 and has reduced atmospheric emissions to well below the stringent European standards, as required by the operating permit.
104 105
COMPONENTS AQCS
As a leader in the development of both cleaner coal technologies and air quality control systems, GE
OVERVIEW is at the forefront in the development of carbon capture technologies. With an intensive research and
development program, we have designed and constructed 13 CO2 capture solutions (CCS) demonstration
CARBON CAPTURE SYSTEMS projects around the world, and these technologies are ready for large-scale implementation.
Given the variety of plant types and fuel combinations in operation today, GEs portfolio of technologies
As a leader in the development of both clean coal technologies provides our customers with solutions that take into account many variables, including installation costs,
overall plant efficiencies, and operation and maintenance costs. Our CCS technologies offer both post-
and air quality control systems, GE is at the forefront in the combustion and oxy-combustion solutions for applications covering new build plants and the existing
development of carbon capture technologies (CCS). With an installed base. Additionally, our post combustion technologies can be scaled down for industrial flue gas from
sources such as steel mills, cement factories, refineries and chemical plants. We are also developing second-
intensive research and development program, we have designed generation technologies such as regenerative calcium cycle (RCC) and chemical looping combustion (CLC).
and constructed CO2 Capture projects around the world.
What we offer
Our CCS services range from concept engineering and feasibility studies to plant commissioning. Our
full scope of solutions includes design, equipment supply, installation, power block system integration,
CO2 capture and processing equipment, and the full power plant. We make sure our customers have
everything they need, including cost control, quality control, health and safety and O&M training.
Post-combustion (New + retrofit) Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit)

Flue gas is conditioned Fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and
re-circulated flue gas. Due to the absence of
CO2 is chemically absorbed to a solvent nitrogen, the resulting flue gas is rich in CO2.
(advanced amines or chilled ammonia).
After water condensing and further purification, CO2
CO2 is released by raising the temperatures is compressed and sent for storage or utilization.
and allowing the solvent to be recycled
CO2 product is dried and compressed

and sent for storage or utilization
106 107
COMPONENTS AQCS
Parameters Post-combustion (AAP & CAP) Oxy-combustion Gas processing
Temperature [C] 30-100 20 - 100
Pressure [bara] 1 1
Flow Rate (t/h) 70 -1.150 Up to 875

Flue gas inlet conditions
CO2 Vol (% dry basis) 4 - 15 70 - 95
H2O (%) 5-30 2-25
N2 Vol (% dry basis) 70-90 2-5
O2 Vol (% dry basis) 3-10 20 - 50
CO2 capture rate (%) up to 90 90
Specific steam
2.2-3.0
consumption [GJ/tCO2]
Utilities consumption
Specific electricity 120-150 122-160

onsumption [kWh/tCO2]
Solvent make-up rate [kg/tCO2] 0.2-0.4
Cooling water need [t/tCO2] 70-90 @ DT=10C 32-43
Depending strongly on
Depending on feed gas composition
Chemicals make-up rate [kg/tCO2] feed gas compositions
Temperature [C] 20-50 -20 - 50
Pressure [bara] 1-200 19 - 200

CO2 Product Specification
and Conditions
Flow Rate (t/h) 12.5-230 Up to 276
>99.5-99.9 > 99
CO2 Vol (% dry basis)
<10 -500 (depending

H2O (%) < 10
on targeted use)
Integrated GE approach, providing both

technical and economical benefits
108 109
Smarter. Cleaner.
Steam Power.
www.gepower.com/steam
www.gepower.com/steam

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2017 Steam Power Systems Product Catalog

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GE Power

18 - 31 PLANT INTEGRATOR APPROACH

32 - 43 DIGITAL FOR STEAM POWER PLANT

78 - 109 AIR QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEMS (AQCS)

Growing energy demand. Reliable power.

Its all about delivering higher efficiency, lower emissions

Powering Everyone The global energy mix

Asia excl. Europe

The trend to lower grade fuels:

NOTE: Reserve figures LAM 18 100

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

The need for Smarter. Cleaner. Steam Power.

As older, less efficient coal

THE DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE, RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE

With 900 Billion tons of reserves,

Leading efficiency means lower

Smarter. Cleaner. TECHNOLOGY DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTAL 180,000 TONS

These improvements are made possible because of our commitment to investing

SUB CRITICAL SUPER CRITICAL ULTRA-SUPER CRITICAL ADVANCED ULTRA-SUPER CRITICAL

Digital Capabilities The path to digital transformation

Predix Cloud powers big data analysis Optimize

195 countries committed to reducing

Up to ~$50MM in value for operators over the

Asset performance management (APM) 0.5 gigaton reduction in greenhouse

Advanced controls & edge computing

* Calculated on a 1000 MW existing steam-powered coal plant

Environmental Controls Emissions compliance

gas emissions means cleaner air

GEs Steam Power Systems is an industry leader in cleaner

USA Europe India China

137 mg/Nm3 150 mg/Nm3 100 mg/Nm3 35 mg/Nm3 40 40

PM (5 ppm) (4 ppm) (12 ppm) (4 ppm)

Integrated offerings Extensive execution experience

100 100 200

Integrated steam platforms (ISP) Product portfolio

1100 MW A-USC 275-330Bar 600-650oC 620-670oC 620-670oC

The benefits of this approach to our clients are multifold:

Built-in flexibility Improved quality

Improved health & safety

sufficient flexibility to meet individual project requirements. Operation & maintenance

The OEM with the full in-house product capability

Integrated offerings - Flexible scope

FULL TURNKEY PLANTS

Integrated power packages (i.PP) - ideal Saudi Arabia

United Arab Emirates

Parts Service Performance Product

Contributes to 90 % of the plant performance,

One of the most critical parts of the power plant India

Turbine island Product

Scope of offering Product

660 & 800 MW turbine island

Providing critical OEM steam turbine, generator

Design and integration of all critical equipment Poland

Power block Product

Scope of offering Germany

Full boiler island Integration Overall performance

One of the highest efficiency steam

Design and integration of all critical equipment

Provides the full GE advantage over Malaysia

the life cycle of the plant Manjung 4, TNB

Full turnkey plant Product

Polands largest and most efficient lignite-fired plant.

Enhanced economics, shorter lead times,

DIGITAL FOR STEAM POWER PLANT

Predix Cloud powers big data analysis Optimize

Audit traceability isk mitigation after maintenance outage

Increased productivity (single user interface, Improved maintenance

Automatically generate elaborated KPIs for substantiated communication

Provides insights on pollution levels for dispatch

Facilitate institutional & corporate reporting on emissions

Better access for ultra-sonic testing equipment

Reduced distortions while clearances are

Double flow LP turbines meet project specific back pressure requirements.

Laminated press-plates and low-loss core laminations enhance efficiency.

tator end-winding support

Self-retightening end-winding support Enhanced stator

GEs generators have a self-retightening end-winding support,

Enhanced seal oil system Triple-circuit Single-circuit

GIGATOP 2-pole generator represents more than 100 units installed.