1803 Vocabulary Terms

These terms are no particular order; however all must be defined as a part of the set-exercises assessment task.

Term Definition Pg #
2D Shape
3D Shape
5E Model
accommodation when new information that does not fit into an existing scheme
is modified or a new scheme is made. (449)
assimilation fitting information into an existing scheme. (449)
cardinality an understanding that the last number named is the amount in
a group. (449)
centration the characteristic of preoperational children that causes them
to focus on the most obvious aspects of what they perceive.
(449)
Classification (Science process skill) putting things from a larger group into smaller logical groups;
systematically distributing a group of many items into smaller
groups with similar characteristics; also known as sorting. (449)
Cognitive constructivism This notion that people build their own knowledge. 9
communicating (Science process skill) recording ideas, directions, and descrip- tions orally or in
written form, such as pictures, maps, graphs, or journals so
others can understand what you mean; one of the science
process skill. (450)
concept the building blocks of knowledge; they allow for organizing and
categorizing information. (450)
conceptual subitizing seeing number patterns within a group such as a large number
of dots (usually more than five). (450)
conclusion (Scientific method) statements that tell whether the original pre- diction or
hypothesis was rejected. (450)
Concrete operational stage the third period identified by Piaget,
during which children attain conservation. (450)
concrete pictorial abstract learning
progression
conservation the ability to retain the original picture in the mind when
material has been changed in its arrange- ment in space; also,
the care and protection of natural resources. (450)
Constructivist method There needs to be a balance between teaching for 13
understanding and teaching for accuracy and efficiency.
controlling variables (More complex Determining which variables in an investigation should be 51
science process skill) studied or should be controlled to conduct a controlled
experiment.
data Recording information collected during observations. 450
disequilibrium occurs when children realize that they do not understand
something they previously thought they understood. (450)
equilibrium is established when children have enough in- formation to
satisfy their curiosity and to create a new cognitive structure.
(451)
estimation making a sensible and reasonable guess regarding how many
or how much without counting or measuring. (451)
1803 Vocabulary Terms
Formal Operations Stage
hypothesis (Scientific method)
hypothesizing (More complex science
process skill)
inferring (science process skill)
informal experience
inquiry-based learning (IBL)
learning cycle
logical grouping
measuring
measuring (science process skill)
more knowledgeable other
naturalistic experience
observing (science process skill)
one to one correspondence
perceptual subitizing
predicting (science process skill)
pre-operational stage
Principles of School Mathematics
process skill
rational counting
reversibility
rote counting
scaffolding
Piagets final period, which extends from about age 11 through
adulthood. (451)
a statement, based on observations, that can be tested by 451
experiment; one of the science process skills.
is a statement of a relationship that might exist between two 53
variables . A typical form of a hypothesis is, If . . ., then . . . .
basing on observations, but suggests more meaning about a 451
situation than can be directly observed; one of the science
process skills.
are initiated by the adult as the child is engaged in a 15
naturalistic experience, involve an adult who provides
comments or asks or answers questions.
The children began asking each other questions about their 26
rocks. This began an inquiry-based learning experience as the
classes explored and collected information.
phases of learning used for curriculum development and as 451
teaching strategies: exploration, concept development,
concept application.
groups whose members have a logical connection (such as 452
number, color, shape, or class).
quantitative descriptions made by an observer either directly 452
through observation or indirectly with a unit of measure; one
of the science process skills.
Is the skill of quantifying observations. This can involve 52
numbers, distances, time, volumes, and temperature, which
may or may not be quantified with standard units.
learning that occurs as children go about their daily activities. 452
Using the senses to gather information about objects or events. 51
the recognition that one group has as many members as 452
another.
being able to state how many are in a group, without counting 452
or grouping.
making reasonable guesses or estimations based on 453
observations and prior knowledge and experiences; one of the
science process skills.
the second Piagetian developmental period, which extends 453
from about age 2 to age 7.
basic rules that guide high-quality mathematics education. 453
label for fundamental mathematics concepts such as 453
classifying, comparing, and measuring when applied to science.
attaching a number name to each object 453
counted.
When the arrangement of material is changed, the minds 453
ability to reverse the process of change and visualize the
original arrangement.
reciting the names of the numerals in order from memory. 453
assistance in learning from someone who is more mature. 453
1803 Vocabulary Terms
science process skill
scientific method
Sensory motor stage
seriation
social constructivism
Sorting
spatial awareness
Standards for School Mathematics
structured experience
student- directed inquiry
teachable moment
teacher- directed inquiry
testable question
volume
zone of proximal development
are those that allow students to process new information 51
through concrete experiences
solve problems in a logical and systematic manner. 11
first cognitive developmental period identified by Piaget; 454
extends from birth to about age 2.
according to Piaget, ordering that results from 453
putting items in a logical sequence such as first to last.
the process of separating a larger group into two or more 453
smaller groups; see classification.
units of measurement that are standardized (e.g., inches, 454
centimeters, pounds, liters, miles) and that everyone agrees
on; children begin to understand the need for standard units
during the concrete operational
a time when adults recognize that a child has chosen an activity 454
that provides a time to insert instruction.
In measurement, denotes how much. 455
The ZPD is the area between where the child is now operating 12
independently in mental development and where she might go
with assistance from an adult or more mature child.