Supply Chain and Operations Management Dec16

Year Title
2016 Improving labour relations performance using a Simplified Drum

Buffer Rope (S-DBR) technique
Exploiting: the Theory of Constraints boosts call centers

customer service
2016
Gate and Gear: Visualizing Constraints
2016
Can the theory of constraints guide the next wave of mining
productivity improvement?
2016
Public Health;Study Results from University of London Provide
New Insights into Public Health (Using theory of change to
design and evaluate public health interventions: a systematic
2016 review)
A heuristic algorithm for master production scheduling problem
with controllable processing times and scenario-based demands
2016
Matrix Wings: Continuous Process Improvement an Operator Can
Love
2016
The Red Queen effect on fghter jets
2016
Sustaining process improvement: the Red Queen effect
2016
Study of Smart Transportation Data Center Virtualization Based
on VMware vSphere and Parallel Continuous Query Algorithm
over Massive Data Streams
2016
Visualizing Constraints
2016
Unconstraining A Doctor's Office
2016
U.S. Navy Focuses On Digital Tools For Aircraft Readiness
2016
Aviation training applying the theory of constraints
2016
Unchain your physicians
2016
Balance Capacity with Variability Caused By Human Factor: An
Application in A Line With Monte Carlo Simulation
2016
Exploiting bottlenecks.(call center boosts customer service and
efficiency by using theory of constraints)(Theory of Constraints)
2016
Estimating performance from capabilities in business process
improvement
2016
Theory of Constraints: What Can We Learn to Support the
Nursing Workforce?
2016
Variability modelling and balancing of stochastic assembly lines
2016
Holism versus reductionism in supply chain management: An
economic analysis
2016
Systemic approach to supply chain management through the
viable system model and the theory of constraints
2016
Connecting the pieces of the puzzle toward sustainable
organizations
2016
The role of narrative in developing management control
knowledge from fieldwork
2016
Managing performance improvement initiatives using DEMATEL
method with application case study
2016
Innovation in Distribution Strategy to Sustain in Competitive
Market: A Case Study of Auto Parts Industry
2016
Continuous Improvement Model for Creative Industries
Enterprises Development
2016
Developing and evaluating a framework of total constraint
management for improving workflow in liquefied natural gas
construction
2016
Responsible supply chain management - an analysis of
Taiwanese gutter oil scandal using the theory of constraint
2016
Optimizing preventive maintenance: a deteriorating system with
buffers
2016
Applying the theory of constraints to the logistics service of
medical records of a hospital
2016
The relationship between the leadership style and the resistance
to change of individuals in a merger process/A relacao entre o
estilo de lideranca e a resistencia a mudanca dos individuos em
2016 um processo de fusao.(Gestao de Pessoas em Organizacoes)
Dynamic bottleneck elimination in mattress manufacturing line
using theory of constraints
2016
The dynamic 4S auto maintenance shop scheduling in a multi-
constraint machine environment based on the theory of
constraints
2016
Exploiting subproblem optimization in SAT-based MaxSAT
algorithms
2016
The Impact of Process Visibility on Process Performance
2016
From TOC to lean manufacturing: a case study of production
management change
2016
Bottleneck easing-based assignment of work and product
mixture determination: fuzzy assembly line balancing approach
2016
Feasibility problems with complementarity constraints.
2016
A influ?ncia da engenharia de produ??o nos servi?os de
atendimento ? sa?de: estudo bibliom?trico focado em t?cnicas
operacionais
2016
2015 TOC e ABM: Uma Anlise Comparativa Luz da Literatura
Especializada em Sistemas de Informaes Gerenciais
2015 Theory of Constraints as Design Science: The Case of Improving

Home Care.
2015 Advancing Lean Healthcare: understanding efficiency paradox

through a constraints management view.
2015 The Brazilian Air Force Uniform Distribution Process: Using Lean
Thinking, Statistical Process Control and Theory of Constraints to
Address Improvement Opportunities
2015 Bottleneck analysis and throughput improvement through

simulation-based multi objective optimization
2015 A reconceptualisation of social value creation as social constraint

alleviation
2015 Use of Process Improvement Tools in Radiology
2015 Challenges and reflections on information, knowledge, and

wisdom societies and sociotechnical systems
2015 Dependence among single stations in series and its applications

in productivity improvement
2015 Identification of e-commerce driving forces in MENA countries

and their relevance in policy formulations
2015 Research of Production Scheduling Based on Theory of

Constraints
2015 Adoption of operations improvement methods in the Greek
engineering sector
2015 The Application of Theory of Constraints in Industry: A Case

Study
2015 A Markov chain analysis of the effectiveness of drum-buffer-rope

material flow management in job shop environment
2015 Theoretical perspectives in operations management: an analysis

of the literature
2015 Towards supply chain coordination and productivity in a three

echelon supply chain: action research study
2015 A study of scheduling under the theory of constraints.(Report)
2015 Experiential exercises with four production planning and control

systems
2015 A primary influence vertex approach to identify driving factors in

complex integrated agri-industrial systems an example from
sugarcane supply and processing systems
2015 A comparative study of Lean implementation in higher and

further education institutions in the UK
2015 Research on Detection of Business Constraints based on AOP
2015 Applying the theory of constraints to the logistics service of

medical records of a hospital
2015 Using patient flow simulation to improve access at a

multidisciplinary sleep centre
2015 Application of TOC-based framework to improve market

orientation in a non-profit organization
2015 Combined Usage of Theory of Constraints, Lean and Six Sigma in
Quality Assurance of Manufacturing Processes
2015 Theory of constraintsapplication in land transportation systems
2015 Organizational Excellence Through Total Flexi-Quality: People

Dimension
2015 Synchronization of Engineering, Manufacturing and on-site

Installation in Lean ETO-Enterprises
2015 Framework for Continuous Improvement of Production Processes

and Product Throughput
2015 Creative Educational Methods in Implementation of Investment

Projects in Renewable Energy
2015 Revisiting Lean Manufacturing Process with Vendor Managed

Inventory System
2015 A Study of TOC-Supply Chain Replenishment System in LED Chip

Manufacturers
2015 Identification approach for bottleneck clusters in a job shop

based on theory of constraints and sensitivity analysis
2015 Concerning Workload Control and Order Release: The PreShop

Pool Sequencing Decision
2015 Finding robust solutions for constraint satisfaction problems with

discrete and ordered domains by coverings
2015 Theory of Constraints och Lean Production i High-mix Low-

volume fretag
Theory of constraints - application in land transportation systems
2015
A study of scheduling under the theory of constraints
2015
Applying Goldratts Theory of Constraints to reduce the Bullwhip
Effect through agent-based modeling
2015
2014 Schema Design on Detection of Business Constraints Based on
AOP
2014 Robustness Evaluation of Job-Shop Scheduling Based on Theory

of Constraints (TOC)
2014 Research on DBR production scheduling system application

based on simulation
2014 Investigation of priority scheduling of split process flows of a

metallurgical enterprise
2014 Reverse Logistics Network Design of Waste Electrical Appliances
2014 Study on Scheduling Method for Reentrant Autoclave Moulding

Operation of Composite Materials
2014 Factors Affecting Management of Public Development Funds in

Local Authorities in Kenya
2014 Qu Fue De La Teora De Las Restricciones? (*)/What Ever

Happened To Theory Of Constraints?
2014 An ECRS-based line balancing concept: a case study of a frozen

chicken producer
2014 Expanding bottleneck management from manufacturing to

product design and engineering processes
2014 A two-level replenishment frequency model for TOC supply chain

replenishment systems under capacity constraint
2014 Fuzzy multi-objective recoverable remanufacturing planning
decisions involving multiple components and multiple machines
2014 Applying theory of constraints as a continuous improvement tool

in a lean environment
2014 Applying TOC Heuristics to Job Scheduling in a Hybrid Flexible

Flow Shop
2014 The TOC-Based Algorithm for Solving Multiple Constraint

Resources: A Re-examination
2014 Development of performance measurement frame work in

manufacturing industries by the application of theory of
constraints
2014 Applying the" Theory of Constraints" to Solve Your Practice's

Most Vexing Problem
2014 Applying the" Theory of Constraints" to Services
2014 Produo enxuta e teoria das restries: Proposta de um mtodo

para implantao conjunta na Indstria de Bens de Capital sob
Encomenda
2014 Flow balancing or capacity balancing? Systemic analysis and

propositions
2014 Making to availability: An application of the theory of constraints

in make-to-stock environments
2014 Lean production and theory of constraints: Proposal of a method

for joint implementation in the Engineer-to-Order Capital Goods
Industry
2014 1 The roots of organizational ingenuity: how do qualitatively

superior ideas come about?
2014 Analysis of Constraint Location in a Lean Facility

2014 Strategies for Increasing Productivity in Production Systems
2014 Theory of Constraints And Six Sigma: Investigating Differences

and Similarities for Continuous Improvement
2014 Programacin ptima de la produccin en una pequea empresa

de calzado en Colombia / Optimal production scheduling in a
small shoe business in Colombia
2014 Design and development of optimization software of magnetic

multi-process coordination production planning based on benefit
2014 Improving the Efficiency of TOC Demand-Pull and Buffer

Management by Incorporating Demand Information Using EWMA
in Semiconductor Manufacturing
2014 A Review of Various Tools and Techniques for Lead Time

Reduction
2014 The Application of Theory of Constraints in Manufacturing

Outsourcing: A Case Study
2014 Maximizing Profitability through Productivity Improvement using

Theory of Constraints and Simulation: A Case Study
2014 Capacity augmentation with VSM methodology for lean

manufacturing
2014 Experiential exercises with four production planning and control

systems
2014 Takt Time Grouping: implementing kanban-flow manufacturing in

an unbalanced, high variation cycle-time process with moving
constraints
2014 Takt Time Grouping: implementing Kanban-flow manufacturing in

an unbalanced, high variation cycle-time process with moving
constraints
2014 A bi-level constraint-oriented outsourcing framework for

orchestration of an ERP system
2014 A bi-level constraint-oriented outsourcing framework for
orchestration of an ERP system
2014 Achilles heel strategy: identifying and leveraging a competitors

weakest point
2014 Introducing in-between decision points to TOCs five focusing

steps
2014 An enhanced model for SDBR in a random reentrant flow shop

environment
2014 Assessing the impact of alternative continuous improvement

programmes in a flow shop using system dynamics
2014 Workload control in unbalanced job shops
2014 Implementing an integrated ABC and TOC approach to enhance

decision making in a Lean context: a case study.(activity based
costing)(theory of constraints)(Case study)
2014 Organization planning using theory of constraints
2014 A Mixed Integer Linear Goal Programming Model for Optimizing

Multiple Constrained Resources Product-Mix Problem Under the
Theory of Constraints
2014 Scheduling of bottleneck workstation in wafer fabrication

systems based on improved multi-objective particle swarm
optimization algorithm
2014 A green approach to the weight reduction of aircraft cabins
2014 Introducing the Theory of Constraints-Based Methodology to

Identify the Hospital Supply Chain Shortcomings
2014 Analyzing the time buffer in the Theory of Constraints based

lean operations
2014 Probe of the Replenishment Strategy and Grouping Rule in the
Semiconductor Industry
2014 Lean manufacturing implementation using value stream

mapping as a tool
2014 Moving towards agility: the contribution of a modified balanced

scorecard system
2014 A problem solving strategy based on a case study from SARS

epidemic
2014 Reliable Shop Floor Bottleneck Detection for Flow Lines through
Process and Inventory Observations
2014 Using Simulation Game and Enhancement to Overcome Two

Obstacles That Block the Introduction of SDBR to Production
Management Society
2014 Using simulation game and enhancement to overcome two

obstacles that block the introduction of SDBR to production
management society
2014 Performance analysis of scheduling rules in remanufacturing

operations using stochastic Petri net
2014 Opportunistic Preventive Maintenance Scheduling Based on

2014 Design and implementation of a Drum-Buffer-Rope pull-system
2014 Design and implementation of a Drum-Buffer-Rope pull-system
2014 Bed crisis and elective surgery late cancellations: An approach

using the theory of constraints
2014 Discussion of An Emerging Science of Improvement in Health

Care
2014 Rock solid.(6TOC improvement method)
2014 A conceptual approach for managing production in consideration

of shifting electrical loads
2014 Procedimiento para la programacin y control de la produccin

de una pequea empresa de calzado
2014 Prioritising Maintenance Improvement Opportunities in Physical

Asset Management
2014 Application of the Theory of Constraints in Supply Chain
2014 A multi-criteria decision-making approach to solve the product

mix problem with interval parameters based on the theory of
constraints.(Report)
2014 Theory of Constraints: A Literature Review
2014 Using lean-based systems engineering to increase capacity in

the emergency department
2014 Constraints theory (TOC): an analysis of case studies avaiable in

conference proceedings
Achilles'-heel Strategy: Identifying and Leveraging a

Competitors Weakest Point
2014
2013 Employing Theory of Constraints in Warehousing Operation: Case
Study at Harald Pihl AB
2013 Bottleneck detection method based on production line

information for semiconductor manufacturing system
2013 Literature on the comparison between the theory of constraints

and lean manufacturing: Review, classification, and analysis
2013 The proposition of a model of management in manufacturing
capacity
2013 Modelling and Simulation of Manufacturing Processes in

Managing and Planning of Machines Setup/Modelowanie i
symulacja procesw wytwarzania w zarz\kadzaniu i planowaniu
przezbroje
2013 Identification of Bottlenecks in the Unit Make To Order Production
2013 Learning effects and the phenomenon of moving bottlenecks in a

two-stage production system
2013 Capacity buffer design for critical equipment caused by

unexpected production mission
2013 Composite Dispatching Rule Design for Photolithography Area

Scheduling in Wafer Manufacturing System with Multiple
Objectives
2013 The Theory of Constraints: A Comparative Assessment
2013 On the complexity of short-term production planning and the

near-optimality of a sequential assignment problem heuristic
approach
2013 Dynamic Drum-Buffer-Rope approach for production planning

and control in capacitated flow-shop manufacturing systems
2013 What is perceived as complex in final assembly?
2013 Using Theory of Constraints in selecting product mix
2013 A Modeling Approach to Analyze Variability of Remanufacturing

Process Routing
2013 Layered drum-buffer-rope-based scheduling of reentrant

manufacturing systems
2013 Development of Drum-Buffer-Rope algorithm to control Capacity
Constrained Machine in a Bioproduction system
2013 Combining Drum-Buffer-Rope algorithm and kansei engineering

to control Capacity Constrained Worker in a Bioproduction
system
2013 A Study of Theory of Constraints Supply Chain Replenishment

System
2013 Managing strategy and production through hybrid simulation
2013 Simultaneous batch splitting and scheduling on identical parallel

production lines
2013 Performance analysis for a repair system with double

interchangeable components under precedence constraints
2013 Research on factors and management optimization of the

emergency production response capacity of equipment
2013 A Study of Using Experiment to Test and Verify U-curve

Management Thinking
2013 Advanced planning and scheduling for TFT-LCD color filter fab
with multiple lines
2013 Identifying buffer size in front of capacity-constrained resource

with parallel processes
2013 Management Control Strategy and Goal Achievement of

Electronic Product Export Businesses in Thailand: Mediating
Influences of Business Excellence
2013 Analysis of a new signal for bottleneck identification and loss

allocation to individual machines
2013 An overview of TOCscope and limitation

2013 Theory of constraints: is it a theory and a good one?
2013 When less is better: Insights from the product mix dilemma from
the Theory of Constraints perspective
2013 A systematic literature review of remanufacturing scheduling
2013 An enhanced model for SDBR in a random reentrant flow shop

environment
2013 Achilles heel strategy: identifying and leveraging a competitors

weakest point
2013 What do radiologists do all day? Quantifying workload and

planning production in a medical imaging department
2013 Eco-friendly manufacturing strategies for simultaneous

consideration between productivity and environmental
performances: a case study on a printed circuit board
manufacturing
2013 Improving market orientation: The theory of constraints-based
framework
2013 Study on the Productivity Improvement of Diagnostic Medical

Blood Analyzers using Theory of Constraints and Simulation
2013 Decision support simulation system based on synchronous

manufacturing
2013 A Fuzzy-Neural Ensemble and Geometric Rule Fusion Approach

for Scheduling a Wafer Fabrication Factory
2013 A Methodology for Determining and Controlling the Buffers

before Floating Bottlenecks in Heavy Machinery Production
2013 Optimization of setup frequency for TOC supply chain

replenishment system with capacity constraints
2013 Applying Theory of Constraints to Large Network Problems
(Presentation)
2013 Operational Slack and Venture Survival
2013 The Role of Operations Management Across the Entrepreneurial

Value Chain
2013 A Bottleneck-based dynamic scheduling algorithm for

semiconductor wafer fabrication
2013 An order release control mechanism based on self-adaptive

neural fuzzy inference system and theory of constraints
2013 Managing stock not always for availability
2013 The application of the theory of constraints and activity-based

costing to business excellence: the case of automotive
electronics manufacture firms
2012 Determining production schedule with resource constraints using

drum-buffer-rope (DBR) approach
2012 The Dispatching Rules of Dual Resource Constraints under DBR

Environment
2012 Model of production planning and control with the integration of

WLC and TOC mechanism
2012 Simulation analysis of production control methods in

2012 Productivity improvements from spreadsheet LP used with the

2012 A Hybrid Approach to Analyze Productivity by using Drum-Buffer-

Rope Concept and Fuzzy Expert System
2012 Research on Scheduling of Jobs in Plane Manufacturing
2012 Bottleneck Prediction Method Based on Improved Adaptive

Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in
Semiconductor Manufacturing System
2012 Cash Flow and Performance Measures
2012 Research on The Dynamic Scheduling Problem of Bottleneck In

Emergency Based On Improved GA
2012 Theoretical Considerations for Maintaining the Performance of

Composite Web Services
2012 Applying theory of constraints in administrative process: An

experiment from the U.S. government
2012 A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach Using Genetic

Algorithms for Quick Response to Effects of Variability in Flow
Manufacturing
2012 Buffer size determination for drumbufferrope controlled supply

chain networks
2012 Extending the production dice game
2012 A production model for galvanizing transmission towers
2012 A heuristic procedure for solving the Lexicographic Bottleneck

Assembly Line Balancing Problem (LB-ALBP)
2012 Detecting bottlenecks in serial production lines - a focus on

interdeparture time variance
2012 Revisiting local TOC measures in an internal supply chain: A note

2012 Hybrid flow shop scheduling method based on drum-buffer-rope
and genetic algorithm
2012 Bottleneck Management in Discrete Batch Production
2012 Integrating lean and other strategies for mass customization

manufacturing: A case study
2012 Determine and Compare Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship

Education based on Multi- Axial Model and Theory of Constraints
and Compromises on Learning Entrepreneurship Skills
2012 Zastosowanie algorytmu DBR TeorII Ograniczen? do planowania

produkcji
2012 Critical chain project management and drum-buffer-rope tools
2012 Time buffer determination method based on system's random

variability
2012 Improvement of Manufacturing Productivity and Responsiveness

through Integrated Process Planning and Authorizing
2012 Supply chain management: The production part, the TOC way so
far and what lies ahead
2012 Using TOC to boost a lean organization
2012 Application of the algorithm DBR Theory of Constraints to

production planning
The 25/25 Rule: Achieving More by Doing Less
2012
Assessing the Performance of a Court System: a Comprehensive
Performance Measures Approach
2012
2011 The application of the theory of constraints in the small business
sector
2011 Optimized Production Technology (OPT) and Theory of

Constraints (TOC)
2011 A drum-buffer-rope based scheduling method for semiconductor

manufacturing system
2011 Hybrid production sequence control Research based on TOC

&WLC
2011 Screening cell designs based on synchronous manufacturing
2011 Research on the ITOC Based Solutions for Ship-Piping Jobshop

Scheduling
2011 Using simplified drum-buffer-rope for re-entrant flow shop

scheduling in a random environment
2011 The behaviour of unpaced production lines with unequal means

processing times, viriability, or buffer capacities
2011 A Viable Vision: Use the theory of constraints to reduce costs

throughout your supply chain
2011 Study on the Dynamic Scheduling Problem of 4S Auto Dealership

Maintenance Service System Based on Theory of Constraint
2011 TOC for Smart Production
2011 Constraint Management: As the flexible production possible
2011 Theoretical discussion of the concept of wastes in the Toyota

Production System: Introducing the throughput logic of the
2011 The bottleneck conundrum
2011 Shifting economic bottleneck identification
2011 A modification of simplified drum-buffer-rope for re-entrant flow

shop scheduling
2011 Modelling dynamic bottlenecks in production networks
2011 Systematic visualisation of assembly performance using

throughput curves
2011 Aggreate production planning with fuzzy and variable system

capacity based on theory of constraints measures
2011 Aggregate production planning with fuzzy demand and variable

system capacity based on theory of constraintsmeasures
2011 Aggregate Production Planning With Fuzzy Demand and Variable

System Capacity Based on TOC Measures
2011 ERP and TOC collaboration: the whole is greater than the sum of
the parts
2011 Scheduling algorithms to minimise the total family flow time for
job shops with job families
2011 The theory of constraints: A management philosophy
2011 An Empirical Test Of The View Of Inventory As A Liability In

Explaining Financial Distress: A Comment
2011 An Empirical Study of Product Mix Based on Theory of

Constraints
2011 Results-based production ordering systems -A review and
research issues
2011 Dynamic scheduling of flexible flow shop problem based on DRB

theory
2011 Production planning under variable buffer size
2011 Shop Scheduling Method Based on Theory of Constraints and

Batch Changing
2011 Modeling of In-process Inventory in Continuous Production Based

on Reliability
2011 Optimization and detection of bottleneck in production based on

TOC and OTE
2011 The Flow Manufacturing Improvement Based on Creative

Techniques
2011 The logistic principles for fast flexible strategy design of the
company in crisis time
2011 Quality improvement in robotic work cells by the application of

the theory of constraints
2011 Dynamic Buffering of a Capacity Constrained Resource via the

2011 Bottleneck Management Strategies in Semiconductor Wafer

Fabrication Facilities
2011 A Lot-sizing Algorithm for Pull Production Environments
2011 Simulation study for investment decisions on the EcoBoost

camshaft machining line
2011 Using Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope to Rapidly Improve
Operational Performance: A Case Study in China
2011 Development pattern and enhancing system of automotive

components remanufacturing industry in China
2011 Theory of constraints- lessons for academicians and practicing

managers from "the goal - II"
2010 Production planning system in clothing enterprises based on

Drum-Buffer-Rope theory
2010 Optimising flow in an M/M/1 system with shortage cost: A theory

of constraints approach
2010 Scheduling semiconductor final testing a DBR based simulation

model
2010 Revision to theory of constraints
2010 Applying the Theory of Constraints to Emergency Department

Workflow: Reducing Ambulance Diversion Through Basic
Business Practice
2010 Decision support system for inventory management by TOC

demand-pull approach
2010 Control mode in customized manufactory based on TOC and CPM
2010 Designing decision support in an evolving sociotechnical

enterprise
2010 Concerning the theory of workload control
2010 The hybrid flow shop scheduling problem

2010 Research on enhancement of TOC Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope
system using novel generic procedures
2010 Expert Systems with Applications A study of an enhanced

simulation model for TOC supply chain replenishment system
under capacity constraint
2010 Simulation and scheduling implementation study of TFT-LCD Cell

plants using DrumBufferRope system
2010 Proposta de avano para o mtodo Tambor-Pulmo-Corda

Simplificado aplicado em ambientes de produo sob
encomenda Proposal of enhancement for the Simplified Drum-
Buffer-Ropemethod applied to make-to-order production
2010 environments
The theory of constraints and safety in healthcare: an overview
2010 Focused management in a court system: Doing more with the

existing resources
2010 Effect of confidence interval on bottleneck identification via

simulation
2010 A framework for enhancing responsiveness in sales order

processing system using web services and ubiquitous computing
technologies
2010 Minimizing Makespan for a Flexible Flow Shop Scheduling

Problem in a Paint Company
2010 Increasing the efficiency of business processes using a theory of

constraints
2010 Bottleneck-based synchronisation of engineering and

manufacturing
2010 Research on Inventory Control Policies for Nonstationary Demand

based on TOC
2010 Modelling Dynamic Bottlenecks in Production Networks

2010 A multi-objective comparison of dispatching rules in a drum
bufferrope production control system
2010 Optimal multi-stage logistic and inventory policies with

production bottleneck in a serial supply chain
2010 Available-to-promise (ATP) systems: a classification and

framework for analysis
2010 Downtime variability: The impact of duration-frequency on the

performance of serial production systems
2010 A dynamic WIP control strategy for bottlenecks in a wafer

fabrication system
2010 Bi-level multi-objective mathematical model for job-shop

scheduling: The application of theory of constraints
2010 An exploratory study of protective inventory in a re-entrant line

with protective capacity
2010 Influence of bottleneck utilization on job shop scheduling under

random disturbance
2010 Multi-reentrant manufacturing system scheduling based on

layered bottleneck analysis
2010 Re-entrant manufacturing system scheduling based on Drum-

Buffer-Rope
2010 New directions in emergency service operations and planning
2010 A TOC approach to setup reduction to improve agility
2010 Erratum to: Development of a Theory of Constraints Based

Scheduling System for Ship Piping Production
2010 Production as a Service: An Analysis of Theory of Constraints
(TOC) Methods
2010 Theory of constraints contributions to outbound logistics
2010 DBR system based production planning and control of shipping

agile manufacturing enterprise
2010 The study on balance of production schedule and capability of

Deli Molded products Co. Ltd
2010 Theory of constraints: A review of its applications in supply chain

management
2010 Research on the model of buffer design based on DBR for

remanufacturing system
2010 Constraint management systemoptimized production

technology (OPT)
2010 Toyota e toc: uma comparao com base em seus princpios

fundamentais
2010 Accelerated knowledge management (AKM): developing rapid

KM methodology for an adaptive service-orientated business
model
2010 Application of the theory of constraints in the management of

production of manufacturer sealing: Implantation proposal
2010 Choosing which process improvement methodology to

implement
2010 From DBR to Simplified-DBR for Make-to-Order
2010 A review of literature on drum-buffer-rope, buffer management

and distribution
2010 Improving the weakest link: A TOC -based framework for small
businesses
2010 A fuzzy-logic-based system for freeway bottleneck severity

diagnosis in a sensor network
2010 Fundamental concepts of theory of constraints: An emerging

philosophy
2010 Drum-buffer-rope: The technique to plan and control the

production using theory of constraints
Focused Management in a Court System: Doing More with the

Existing Resources
2010
2009 TQM, TPM, TOC, Lean and Six Sigma - Evolution of
manufacturing methodologies under the paradigm shift from
Taylorism/Fordism to Toyotism
2009 Study on hierarchy collaborative planning for TFT-LCD production

chain
2009 Hybrid Kanban/CONWIP control system simulation and

optimization based on theory of constraints
2009 Modeling and simulating of time buffer control for engine

2009 Multiagent approach for supply chain integration by distributed

production planning, scheduling and control system
2009 A Methodology to Release the Inventory Shortage Impact for

Prolonged Replenishment Frequency for TOC Supply Chain
Replenishment Systems
2009 Pop your bottlenecks
2009 What's the difference between a hospital and a bottling factory?

2009 A Guide To Six Sigma, Lean. And The Theory of Constraints
2009 A bottleneck-based heuristic for minimizing makespan in a

flexible flow line with unrelated parallel machines
2009 Queueing network analysis on dynamic lot streaming
2009 Research Issues: Theory of Constraints
2009 Improving supply chain performance management: A systematic

approach to analyzing iterative KPI accomplishment
2009 Implementation of the theory of constraints in the area of stock
2009 Application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to Batch

Scheduling in Process Industry
2009 Standing on the shoulders of giants: production concepts versus

production applications. The Hitachi Tool Engineering example
2009 Aligning business process management, service-oriented

architecture, and Lean Six Sigma for real business results
2009 Theory of assembly buffer for line balancing problem
2009 Research on the Production Scheduling Method for Paper-making

Enterprises Based on Theory of Constraints
2009 Overcoming the challenge of cooperating with competitors:

Critical success factors of interorganizational systems
implementation
2009 System modelling for integrated capacity planning in supply

chain
2009 Reduction of Product Driven System emulation models based on
neural network: impact of discrete data
2009 A developed production control and scheduling model in the

semiconductor manufacturing systems with hybrid make-to-
stock/make-to-order products
2009 Theory of constraints for recycling automobile tyres in the

reverse logistics system
2009 Real-time buffer management method for DBR scheduling
2009 Improving the efficiency of unpaced production lines by

unbalancing service time means
2009 Analysis of the relationships among TOC use, TOC outcomes,

and organizational performance
2009 Espoused drum-buffer-rope flow control in serial lines: A

comparative study of simulation models
2009 An optimised dynamic bottleneck dispatching policy for

semiconductor wafer fabrication
2009 Theory of constraints at UniCo: analysing The Goal as a fictional

case study
2009 CWIPL II, a mechanism for improving throughput and lead time in
unbalanced flow line
2009 Comparing TOC with MRP and JIT: A literature review
2009 Method of buffering critical resources in make-to-order shop floor

control in manufacturing complex products
2009 Capacity-filtering algorithms for finite-capacity planning of a

flexible flow line
2009 An exploratory study of protective inventory in a reentrant; line
with protective capacity
2009 Time buffer control mechanism based on drum-buffer-rope for

2009 Inventory-buffer and time-buffer control mechanism for

2009 Improved production management system in multi-specification

and small-batch production environments
2009 Theory of Constraints: An Application in U. S. Army's Recruiting

Process
2009 A new heuristic approach to solve product mix problems in a

multi-bottleneck system
2009 Time buffer control mechanism based on drum-buffer-rope for

2009 Research and Realization of "Bottleneck" Identification in

Workshop Production Scheduling Based on OPT
2009 Decision Supporting Methodology and System Based on Theory

of Constraints for Optimal Product Portfolio Strategy in
Shipbuilding Industry
2009 Enterprises Quick-respond Ability Research Based on Theory of

Constraint
2009 The Identification Study for Bottlenecks and Buffer Settings in

SCM
2009 Consideration about Theory of Constraints (TOC)
2009 Manufacturing Resource Planning of Bearing Manufacture

Enterprise Based on the Theory of Constraint
2009 The Order-oriented Bottleneck Resource Identification and a
Single Machine Scheduling with Job Class Setups Based on an
Improved Tabu Algorithm
2009 Um modelo de otimizao da operao de terminais petrolferos

usando a teoria das restries como pr-processamento
2009 Why Is High Due-Date Performance So Difficult to Achieve?An

Experimental Study
2009 Achieving Fast And Reliable Deliveries With A Robust TOC

Solution Simple Enough To Be Supported By Standard ERP
Systems
Architectural Leadership: Building a Value Enhancing

Infrastructure
2009
Overdosed Management: how excess of excellence begets
failure
2009
Rinovare l'azienda a Corsto Zero: Piu risultati con le risorse
disponibili
2009
2008 The selection process
2008 A queuing theory approach to estimate time buffer in the DBR-

controlled production system
2008 Developing a manufacturing plant layout utilizing best-in-class

concepts of lean manufacturing and theory of constraints of
optimal macro-flow
2008 DC-WIP - a new release rule of multi-orders for semiconductor

manufacturing lines
2008 A method of bottleneck control in build-to-order supply chain
2008 Business application integration in the demand-driven

environment - A case study
2008 AGV dispatching strategy based on theory of constraints
2008 Rapid response with TOC methodology
2008 Turbo TOC: Read how Delta Airlines used the theory of
constraints to grow its revenue by millions
2008 Task-oriented hierarchical planning and scheduling for discrete

manufacturing enterprise
2008 ERP Support for Fast and Reliable Deliveries
2008 Trikes, Cars, and the Theory of Constraints (TOC)
2008 Operation and control of flow manufacturing based on

constraints management for high-mix/low-volume production
2008 A Look-ahead Heuristic Algorithm for Dynamic Identify

Bottleneck Machine
2008 The poker chip game: a multi-product, multi-customer, multi-

echelon, stochastic supply chain network useful for teaching the
impacts of pull versus push inventory policies on link and chain
performance
2008 Decision Supporting Methodology and System Based on Theory
of Constraints for Making an Optimal Product Portfolio Strategy in
Shipbuilding Industry
2008 Managing the effects of variability in drum-buffer-rope systems
2008 Scheduling a hybrid MTO/MTS semiconductor fab with machine-

dedication features
2008 Service-level performance of MRP, Kanban, CONWIP and DBR

due to parameter stability and environmental robustness
2008 A capacity available-to-promise model for drum-buffer-rope
systems
2008 A comparison of JIT and TOC buffering philosophies on system

performance with unplanned machine downtime
2008 Determination of buffer sizes for drum-buffer-rope (DBR)-

controlled production systems
2008 Determination of buffer sizes for drumbufferrope (DBR)-

controlled production systems
2008 Characteristics of the research on reverse logistics (1995-2005)
2008 Bottleneck-based heuristics to minimize tardy jobs in a flexible

flow line with unrelated parallel machines
2008 Study on constraint scheduling algorithm for job shop problems

with multiple constraint machines
2008 Simulation modeling with Drum-Buffer-Rope for remanufacturing

system
2008 Optimizing the product mix: An eclectic decision
2008 The bottleneck identification based on SAP and theory of

constraints
2008 Enhancement of Scheduling Reliability in Building Project Using

Theory of Constraint
2008 A New Approach of Backward Simulation Combined TOC for

Hybrid Flowshop Scheduling of Grouped Jobs
2008 Study and application of an integrated manufacturing

management mode based on MRP, JIT and TOC
2008 A Practical TOC Scheduling Method Using Pull-Push Production
Concept
2008 Simulation-based procedure for implementing theory of

constraints: Extension for cases with multiple bottlenecks
2008 Utilising buffer management to manage uncertainty and focus

improvement
2008 The shape of protective capacity in unbalanced production

systems with unplanned machine downtime
2008 Examining supply chain networks using VAT material flow

analysis
2008 A new generation of ERP/APSIMES enterprise management

system based on an integration between APS and ERP
2008 Dynamic Efficiency and Performance Improvement to Service

Firms Based on Integrated MRPII/JIT/TOC System
Value Enhancement in a Dynamic Environment A Constraint

Management Expert System for the Oil Refinery Industry
2008
2007 Managing Distribution According to TOC Principles
2007 Development of computer-aided maintenance resources

planning (CAMRP): A case of multiple CNC machining centers
2007 Applying TOC replenishment method to improve production

performance of TFT-LCD industry
2007 The proposal of production planning and control system

applicable by supply chain integration by through agent-based
solutions
2007 TOC /DBR based production planning and control in a

manufacturing system with multiple system bottlenecks
2007 Improving Outsourcing Of Manufacturing Operations By
Integrating With Theory Of Constraints
2007 Approaches To The Analysis And Identification Of Floating

Capacity Bottlenecks
2007 Simulation-Based Procedure for Bottleneck Identification
2007 Dispatching in flowshops with bottleneck machines
2007 Synergies of three letters syndrome for revitalizing

manufacturing
2007 A genetic algorithms simulation approach for the multi-attribute

combinatorial dispatching decision problem
2007 Systems for coordinating orders: Review, classification,

operationality and applicability
2007 Buffer size setting method for DBR scheduling
2007 Pricing Strategy of Supply Chain System Based on Complexity

Analysis and Theory of Constraints
2007 Identifying and eliminating constraints in reverse logistics

system of end-of-life home appliance
2007 Application of TOC embedded ILP for increasing throughput of

production lines
2007 Combining Lean Initiatives with Theory of Constraints in

Distributed Product Design Chain Management
2007 End-of-life returns of long-lived products from end customer -

insights from an ideally set up closed-loop supply chain
2007 A novel breakthrough system for mixed production goaling and
control in semiconductor manufacturing
2007 A model of the operations concerned in remanufacture
2007 Comparing Kanban control with the theory of constraints using

Markov chains
2007 A TOC -based heuristic algorithm for solving a two-row pattern

container loading problem
2007 The hybrid MRP/TOC system in make to order company-case

study
2007 Theory of constraints product mix optimization considering

outsourcing form constrained
2007 Perceptions of management philosophies
2007 A proposal for the scheduling of cell manufacturing through TOC
2007 The evolution of a management philosophy: The theory of

constraints
2007 Bipolarity in reactions to operational constraints: OM bugs

under an OB lens
2007 TOC: Not just another lean manufacturing theory
2007 Product mix in the TFT-LCD industry
2007 Study on Production Optimization in Wafer Fabrication Based on

Drum-Buffer-Rope Theory
2007 Analyzing a Drum-Buffer-Rope scheduling system executability
through simulation
2007 Dynamic parallel machine scheduling with mean weighted

tardiness objective by Q-Learning
2007 Viable Vision: Achievable in healthcare
2007 Study on hybrid production scheduling based on TOC
Managing Strategic and Tactical Constraints in the Hi-Tech

Industry
2007
The Pareto Managerial Principle: When does it apply?
2007
2006 Apliccaco do Processo de Pensamento da Teoria das Restricces
para melhoria em Processos de Negcios
2006 A comment on the formulation of an aggregate production

planning problem
2006 A heuristic algorithm based on DBR and MAS for solving

container loading problem
2006 747 Production, Theory of Constraints Application (Presentation)
2006 Scheduling and control of TFT-LCD cell plants using drum-buffer-

rope systems
2006 A quantitative method to determine the size of the stock buffer

in front of the bottleneck under multi-product
2006 Continuous Improvement Trio Combining the theory of

constraints, lean, and six sigma to form "TLS" is an innovative
process improvement methodology with real-world results
2006 Production and Inventory - Back on the Runway - The U. S. Air
Force was looking to reduce maintenance, repair, and overhaul
on its C-5 transport aircraft. The critical chain theory of
constraints methodology fit the bill
2006 The benefits of 'buffer management' in health care
2006 Shop floor control in wafer fabrication based on drum-buffer-rope

theory
2006 A survey on problems and methods in generalized assembly line

balancing
2006 Utilizing buffer management to improve performance in a

healthcare environment
2006 Simple heuristics for push and pull remanufacturing policies
2006 Research on Production Planning and Controlling Model for

Cellular Manufacturing
2006 Modified DBR Scheduling Mechanism for a Non-identical Parallel

Machine Flow Shop
2006 Business Process Reengineering Based on Theory of Constraints

and Petri Net
2006 Constraint analysis of mortgage loan pipelines: The case of

American Unlimited Mortgage
2006 A DBR scheduling method for manufacturing environments with

bottleneck re-entrant flows
2006 The study of an Easy-to-Use DBR and BM system
2006 New expression of scheduling performance measures

2006 Modified drum-buffer-rope scheduling mechanism for a non-
identical parallel machine flow shop with processing-time
variation
2006 Benchmark generation algorithm for stochastic mixed model

assembly shop simulation and optimization
2006 Implementing theory of constraints in a traditional Japanese

manufacturing environment: The case of Hitachi Tool
Engineering
2006 Management and control of manufacturing cells based on theory

of constraints
2006 Integrated production planning and control system based on

drum-buffer-rope theory
2006 Study on the failure distribution and reliability variation of the

equipment in use
2006 The Absorption Costing/Inventory Management Conundrum: A

Theory of Constraints Approach
2006 Applying DBR and MAS to Solving Container Loading Problem
2006 Managerial accounting and continuous improvement initiatives:

A retrospective and framework
2006 An approach to manage constraint resource and outsourcing

decision
2006 Application of Theory of Constraints to Reverse Logistics
2006 Analysis and identification of floating capacity bottlenecks in

metallurgical production
2006 Product-mix Design Decision under TOC by Soft-sensing of Level

of Satisfaction using Modified Fuzzy-LP
2006 A fuzzy QFD approach for designing internal processes for air
cargo transportation services
2006 Improving Railroad Classification Yard Performance Through

Bottleneck Management Methods
2006 Disassembly scheduling with capacity constraints: minimizing

the number of products disassembled
2006 Application of theory of constraints on scheduling of drum-buffer-

rope system
2006 Bottleneck management: Theory and practice
2006 Capacity allocation model for photolithography workstation with

the constraints of process window and machine dedication
2006 Segmented WIP control for cycle time reduction
2006 A Method for the Reengineering of Production System Based on

Theory of Constraint and System Dynamics
2006 A new approach to on-line rescheduling for a semiconductor

foundry fab
2006 The study on hybrid production schedulling based on TOC
2006 Psycho-clonal based approach to solve a TOC product mix

decision problem
2005 Applying the theory of constraints with LP to Fonterra
2005 A decomposition and coordination scheduling method for flow

shop problem based on TOC
2005 Production and Inventory - Corps Capabilities - Applying TOC in
the service sector: Learn how the Marine Corps is successfully
using the theory of constraints in its maintenance, repair, and
overhaul operations
2005 Management Communication in Non-US MBA Programs Current
Trends and Practices
2005 Method for the Reengineering of Production System Based on

Constraint Theory
2005 Integrated production planning management & control model
2005 Applying the theory of constraints with LP to Fonterra
2005 Batch Scheduling in Flexible Flow Shop
2005 Reducing simulation models for scheduling manufacturing

facilities
2005 TOC thought processes as a systemic alternative for

organizational analysis: an application in public health
2005 From Management by Constraints (MBC) to Management by

Criticalities (MBC II)
2005 Implementing a pull system in batch/mix process industry

through Theory of Constraints: A case-study
2005 TOC in the DC
2005 DBR-System-Based Coordination Mechanisms of Agile Supply

Chain
2005 Reengineering of production Systems and Its Evaluation Based

on Constraints
2005 Build and Manage a Lean Supply Chain
2005 Using the Theory of Constraints to Improve the Identification and

Solution of Managerial Problems
2005 Scheduling a single batch processing machine with arbitrary job

sizes and incompatible job families
2005 The impact of free goods on the performance of drum-buffer-

rope scheduling systems
2005 Comparisons between drum-buffer-rope and material

requirements planning: A case study
2005 Cyclic lot scheduling with sequence-dependent set-ups: a

heuristic for disassembly processes
2005 A review of production planning and control: the applicability of

key concepts to the make-to-order industry
2005 Emerging trends in supply chain architecture
2005 Introduction of equalized lot size concept in TOC scheduling
2005 A Process of Ongoing Improvement
2005 The Theory of Constraints and the MakeorBuy Decision: An

Update and Review
2005 The Study on Bottle Recognition in Production Logistics
2005 Analysis of light armored vehicle depot level maintenance

2005 A comparative study of production planning management and
control among MRPII, TOC, and JIT
2005 The theory of constraints: a methodology apart? - a comparison

with selected OR/MS methodologies
2005 Analysis of optimal and nearly optimal sequencing policies for a

closed queueing network
2005 Simulation analysis of the impact of buffer size on profitability in

a drum-buffer-rope scheduling environment
2005 Do OPT Teoria das Restries: avanos e mitos From the OPT to
the Theory of Constraints: advances and myths
2005 From the OPT to the Theory of Constraints: advances and myths
2005 Staffing shortages and the theory of constraints
2005 Using simulation model to integrate production plan and

dispatching system
2005 Improving the conflicts on multiple goals and constraints based

TZBM
2005 Constraints in the teaching and learning of the humanities at

South African universities: A Delphi study
2005 Intrinsic Dynamics of Supply Chains
2005 Product mix optimization for semiconductor manufacturing

based on AHP and ANP analysis
2005 The Theory of Constraints and the Make-or-Buy Decision: An

Update and Review
2005 Analysis of light armored vehicle depot level maintenance
2004 Advanced Techniques of Theory of Constraints and Activity

Based Costing for Scheduling of High Technology Productions
Lines
2004 Using industrial processes to improve patient care
2004 A roadmap approach of implementing theory of constraints in

manufacturing organisations
2004 Research and Design of Shop Floor Management System Based

on Theory of Constraints
2004 Applying Theory of Constraints Principles and Lean Thinking at

the Marine Corps Maintenance Center
2004 Analysing systemic failure with the Theory of Constraints
2004 Improving Patient Flow Using Theory of Constraints

(Presentation)
2004 A Method for Determining Product Mix Based on Bottleneck
2004 Theory of Constraint & Its Revelation to the Management of

University Libraries
2004 Managing time and complexity in supply chains: two cases from
the textile industry
2004 Managing time and complexity in supply chains: two cases from
the textile industry
2004 Transfer batch sizes and the financial performance of
manufacturing - Theory of constraints perspective
2004 Constraints management
2004 Capacity-constrained scheduling for a logic IC final test facility
2004 TOC -based planning and scheduling model
2004 Theory of constraints-based methodology for effective ERP

implementations
2004 On the shape of protective capacity in a simple line
2004 Queuing network analysis approach for estimating the sizes of

the time buffers in Theory of Constraints-controlled production
systems
2004 Comparison of DBR with CONWIP in an unbalanced production

line with three stations
2004 Impact of scheduling free goods on the throughput performance

of a manufacturing operation
2004 Inventory strategies for systems with fast remanufacturing
2004 Getting lean IT on your shop floor
2004 Study on the TOC-based OEE Method
2004 Can lean live online?

2004 Effective order release system for a multistage production
system with multiple bottlenecks: a simulation analysis
2004 Disassembly scheduling: Integer programming models
2004 The Theory of Constraints and medical error: a conversation with

Robert A. McNutt
2004 Theory of Constraints (TOC) & its applications to improve

Profitability in Rubber Industry
2004 Applying the theory of constraints to supply chain collaboration
2003 Multi-Constraint Information Management and Visualisation for

Collaborative Planning and Control in Construction
2003 Cooperative Negotiation Strategy in Multi-agent System
2003 An autonomous and cooperative multi-agent model for solving

real world problems
2003 Twenty-First Century Hospitals: Intensification Increases
2003 Utilization of bottleneck resources for profitability through a

synchronized operation of marketing and manufacturing
2003 Optimum production schedule and profit maximisation using the

concept: Theory of constraints
2003 The performance of the theory of constraints methodology -

Analysis and discussion of successful TOC applications
2003 Survey-based comparison of performance and change in

performance of firms using traditional manufacturing, JIT and
TOC
2003 Constraints management--recent advances and practices
2003 Selection of management accounting systems in Just-In-Time and

Theory of Constraints-based manufacturing
2003 Enhancement of theory of constraints replenishment using a

novel generic buffer management procedure
2003 Sensitivity of 'Push' and 'Pull' strategies to information updating

rate
2003 Improving a practical DBR buffering approach using Workload

Control
2003 Management by the market constraint in the Hi-Tech industry
2003 Comparison of DRP and TOC financial performance within a

multi-product, multi-echelon physical distribution environment
2003 A hybrid dispatching rules in wafer fabrication factories
2003 Analysis and Solution on Problem of Supply Chain Bottleneck
2003 Transforming the marketing curriculum using problem-based

learning: A case study
2003 Using Theory of Constraints To Improve Electronics Assembly

Process Throughput
2003 A little TOC goes a long way
2003 Investigation of Flow Mechanisms in Semiconductor Wafer

Fabrication
2003 Comparison of bottleneck detection methods for AGV systems
2003 An investigation of output flow control, bottleneck flow control

and dynamic flow control mechanisms in various simple lines
scenarios
2003 Customer Lead Time Reduction in a Manufacturing SME
2003 A case study of VMI using TOC
2003 A review of improvement methods in manufacturing operations
Management by the Market Constraint in the Hi Tech Industry
2003
2002 Make-to-stock under drum-buffer-rope and buffer management
methodology
2002 Application of the theory of constraints in a ceramic plant
2002 Methods and tools for dynamic capacity planning and control
2002 Line balancing VS Theory of Constraints
2002 Factory Level Metrics: Basis for Productivity Improvement
2002 TOC -based performance measures and five focusing steps in a

job-shop manufacturing environment
2002 A recipe for success

2002 A management game model: economic traffic, leadtime and
pricing setting
2002 A Taxonomy of Supply Chain Collaboration
2002 Operational measurements for product development

organisations
2002 Theory of constraints or common sense
2002 TOC or LP?
2002 Battle at the bottlenecks
2002 A Comparison of DRP and TOC Customer Service Performance

within a Multi-Product, Multi-Echelon Physical Distribution
Environment
2002 An application of DBR and buffer management in solving real

world problems
2002 Integrating the Theory of Constraints into Supply Chain

Management
2002 RATOC-A simple method for productivity improvement in robot

workcells based on the theory of constraints
2002 Practical application of drum-buffer-rope to synchronize a two-

stage supply chain
2002 A study of the utilization of capacity constrained resources in

drum-buffer-rope systems
2002 Job release control using a cyclic schedule

2002 A simulation study comparing performance of CONWIP and
bottleneck-based release rules
2002 Designing unbalanced lines - Understanding protective capacity

and protective inventory
2002 Development of a state-dependent dispatch rule using theory of

constraints in near-real-world wafer fabrication
2002 Implications of environmental management for operations

management
2002 Applying the theory of constraints in health care: Part 1--The

philosophy
2002 Applying the Theory of Constraints in Health Care: part 1-the

philosophy
2002 Features - Six Sigma - Theory of Constraints - What Should Be

Changed? - A comparison of cause and effect diagrams and
current reality trees shows which will bring optimum results
when making improvements
2002 Integrating Manufacturing Into the Supply Chain Model
2002 Features - Business Reports - Integrating Manufacturing Into the

Supply Chain Model
2002 Shifting bottleneck detection
2002 Management by Constraints
2001 A case study of scheduling practice at a machine tool

manufacturer
2001 The complete kit conceptimplementation in the health care

system
2001 The complete kit concept - Implementation in the health care
system
2001 Peak management
2001 Tabu search-based algorithm for the TOC product mix decision
2001 Theory of constraints-a status report
2001 Management by Market Constraint in the Hi-tech Industry
2001 Activity-based throughput management in a manufacturing

company
2001 A bottleneck-based group scheduling procedure for job-shop

cells
2001 Performance evaluation of a distributed application
2001 The literature survey and analysis of the bottleneck shifting

problems
2001 Using Drum-Buffer-Rope Scheduling Rather Than Just-In-Time

Production
2001 Drum-Buffer-Rope Just-In-Time
2001 Applying the theory of constraints in a structural steel plant How

keeping busy could be a bad idea
2001 An evaluation of the DBR control mechanism in a job shop

environment
2001 Management systems that changed the world of manufacturing.
How we've evolved operations to improve quality and
productivity
2001 Beyond Lean manufacturing: Combining Lean and the Theory of

Constraints for higher performance
2001 A practical bottleneck detection method
2001 Integrating enterprise resources planning and theory of

constraints: a case study
2001 Analysis of the effects of seven drum-buffer-rope

implementations
2001 Toward a greater understanding of linear programming, theory of

contstraints, and the product mix problem
2001 Global optimization in production system and management
2001 Working at the frontiers of the TOC instruments: delivery by

shortening workload control - Werken aan de grenzen van het
TOC-instrumentarium: levertijdverkorting door
werklastbeheersing
Peak Management
2001
The Complete Kit Concept - Implementation in the Health Care
System
2001
2000 A simulation study of work-in-process inventory drive systems
and their effect on operational measurements
2000 The theory of constraints: Strategic implications for product

pricing decisions
2000 Drum-Buffer-Rope Synchronization

2000 Just where is the bottleneck?
2000 Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope A Whole System Approach to High

Velocity Manufacturing
2000 Improving production line performance
2000 Bottleneck Analysis (BNA) of Enterprises and Its Application
2000 Bottleneck Allocation Methodology: An Integrated Manufacturing

Management ModelA Systems Study
2000 Due-date oriented scheduling heuristic for job shop cellular

2000 A study on the effect of the extent and location of protective

capacity in flow systems
2000 Performance of decomposition procedures for job shop

scheduling problems with bottleneck machines
2000 Lead time prediction in unbalanced production systems
2000 Getting the best out of what you've got
2000 Pull Scheduling SystemA Conceptual Algorithm
2000 Improving a V-plant operation: A window manufacturing case

study
2000 Applying synchronous manufacturing concepts to improve
production performance in high-tech manufacturing
2000 The effect of the drum-buffer-rope (DBR) approach on the

performance of a synchronous manufacturing system (SMS)
2000 Production planning and control tools
2000 Book Review: The Measurement Nightmare: How The Theory of

Constraints Can Resolve Conflicting Strategies, Policies and
Measures
2000 Six Sigma and Beyond The theory of constraints helps pick
winning projects
Production Outsourcing: a Linear Programming Model for the

2000
1999 Advanced WIP control for make-to-order wafer fabrication
1999 Experiences Using Theory of Constraints in a For-Profit Medical

Practice
1999 For Real Customer Satisfaction, Try a Little TOC
1999 Analyzing closed Kanban-controlled assembly systems by

iterative aggregation-disaggregation
1999 Hitting the Bottleneck
1999 Drum Buffer Rope for Lower Inventory
1999 TOC beyond manufacturing

1999 A simulation study of WIP inventory drive systems and their
effect on financial measurements
1999 Inventory and capacity trade-offs in a manufacturing cell
1999 Reduced simulation models of wafer fabrication facilities
1999 Simultaneous versus sequential scheduling of multiple resources

which constrain system throughput
1999 Integrating Long-Run Strategic Decisions into the Theory of

Constraints
1999 Improving system performance: A case study in the application

of the theory of constraints - Practitioner application
1999 Using Activity Based Costing and Theory of Constraints to Guide

Continuous Improvement in Managed Care
1999 Fill-Rate Bottlenecks in Production Inventory Networks
1999 A philosophical discussion
1999 Examining the Theory of Constraints: A Source of Operational

and Financial Performance Improvement for Manufacturers
1999 Implementing Theory of Constraints in a Job Shop Environment
1999 The Results of Applying TOC: Lessons from Published Accounts
1999 Throughput improvement and scrap reduction in aluminum can

manufacturing
1999 Finite capacity promising
1999 Using the theory of constraints in teaching linear programming

and vice versa advantages and caveats
1999 Escape from the Unnecessary Some Guidelines for Production

Management
1999 Production Management Issues in Developing Nations
1999 Follow the laggard? - Not all bottlenecks are created equal
1998 Theory of constraints and lean manufacturing: friends or foes?
1998 Organizational Learning The TOC Way
1998 Using the MRPII system for constraints management
1998 Organizational Issues and Strategies to Consider When

Implementing Computerized DBR
1998 A80-a new perspective on predictable factory performance
1998 Management of multiple-pass constraints
1998 Bottleneck Management and Production Sequencing at EMC

Technology
1998 D-3 Simplify, Stabilize, Focus: The Three key Elements to

Successful Implementation of TOC -based DBR Systems
1998 A System is a System is a System
1998 Confessions of a Self-Taught TOC Practitioner, Part II: TOC For

Project Management
1998 Identifying and Elevating the Constraint Sales Skill
1998 Modelling the Constraints: The Key to Rapid Delivery of Benefits
1998 Organisational Issues and Strategies to Consider When

Implementing Computerised DBR
1998 Organisational Learning the TOC Way
1998 Performance Measures
1998 Theory and Practice of Material Constraints
1998 Do You Need Software for DBR
1998 How BHP Implemented Supply Chain Management Across Its

Asian Roll Forming Businesses
1998 A Policy Constraint with Serious Consequences: Not Managing

New Product Development and Introduction as a Company-wide
Project
1998 Keeping the results coming: fighting inertia in TOC

implementation
1998 A Candid Comparison of Operations Management Approaches

1998 Keep the Results Coming: Fighting Inertia in TOC Implementation
1998 Implementation of the Theory of Constraints: What you should

know before you start.
1998 What is Theory of Constraints All About?
1998 Throughput Accounting: A Revolution in the Making?
1998 Lucas Variety: Production Application
1998 Management the TOC Way: Managers Who Focus on Constraints

Can Do What Seems Impossible - Increase Quality While They
Are Cutting Costs
1998 A Theory of Constraints Approach to Common-Sense Continuous

Improvement
1998 Computerised Manufacturing Monitoring and Dispatch System
1998 The complete kit: Modeling the managerial approach
1998 Using the TOC in teaching LP and Vice Versa: Advantages and
Caveats
1998 Maintenance scheduling and staffing policies in a wafer

fabrication facility
1998 Scheduling Software Fits the Mould for Manufacturers
1998 Drum-buffer-rope for manufacturing with re-entrant flows

1998 Painting a Better Process
1998 The Theory of Constraints Revisited: Improving Production

Operations
1998 Workflow bottlenecks and problem areas influencing production

management needs in commercial printing
1998 Accountability in education systems K-12 through applications of

1998 Using Drum-Buffer-Rope With Multiple, Time-Varying Constraints
1998 Constructing procedures of an effective production activity

control technique for a wafer fabrication environment
1998 An Application of the Theory of Constraints in a Small Machine

Shop
1998 Teaching the meaning of manufacturing synchronisation using

simple simulation models
1998 Theory of constraints: A review of the philosophy and its

applications
1998 A quantitative approach to estimate the size of the time buffer in

1998 Dynamic buffering
1998 Constraint time buffer determination model
1998 Performance measurement in a theory of constraints

environment
1998 Implementing quality improvement programs using the focusing
steps of the theory of constraints
1998 An Empirical Test of the View of Inventory as a Liability in

Explaining Financial Distress
1998 How to Apply the Theory of Constraints' Five Step Process of

Continuous Improvement
1998 Integrating ABC and the Theory of Constraints to Evaluate

Outsourcing Decisions
1998 Computer information systems in complex manufacturing
1998 A Theory of Constraints Analysis of an Arborescent Inventory

System
1998 A Quantitative Theory of TOC Sufficiency Trees
1998 Synergies from spreadsheet LP used with the Theory of

Constraints - a case study
1998 Synergies from Spreadsheet LP used with the Theory of

Constraints: A Case Study
1998 An Algorithm for Developing Master Production Schedule of

Synchronous Manufacturing under Single Bottleneck
1998 ABC v TOC: Same Cloth as Absorption v Marginal, Different Style

and Cut
1998 Aligning TOC and ABC for Silkscreen Printing

1998 Improve Internal Reporting with ABC and TOC
1998 Innovation and the Great ABM Trade-Off
1998 Making Production Predictable
1998 Real-Time Performance
1998 Putting Your Efforts Where Your Problems Are
1998 Theory of Constraints (TOC): Barriers Real and Imaginary
1998 Re-Engineering the Manufacturing System: Applying the Theory

of Constraints
1998 Simulation based evaluation of drum-buffer-rope (DBR)

scheduling system under shifting bottleneck conditions
1998 Implementing the theory of constraints philosophy in highly

reentrant systems
1998 A simulation study of the applicability of the theory of

constraints concepts to the selection of improvement projects in
complex manufacturing environments
1998 The Advantages of using short cycle time manufacturing (SCM)

instead of continuous flow manufacturing (CFM)
1998 A Review of Goldratt's Theory of Constraints (TOC) - lessons from

the international literature
1998 Wandering Bottlenecks: Speculating on the True Causes

1998 The theory of constraints: Application to a service firm
1998 FMS simulation: Some experience and recommendations
1998 Optimal Staffing in Semiconductor Manufacturing - A Queuing

Theory Approach
1998 [Review of] The Theory of Constraints: Applications in Quality

and Manufacturing
1998 [Review of] Re-Engineering the Manufacturing System: Applying

the Theory of Constraints
1998 Throughput is Number One
1998 The Theory of Constraints: Fad or Future?
1998 A policy resolution model for knowledge acquisition in quality

management
1998 Does TOC fit SCF?
1998 Using the theory of constraints' production application in a

semiconductor fab with a reentrant bottleneck
The Complete Kit: Modeling the Managerial Approach
1998
1997 Using the Theory of Constraints in teaching OR/MS within
managerially oriented programmes
1997 Theory of constraints approach for integrating

operations/manufacturing strategy into strategic business
planning
1997 TOC on Every Vendor Menu: De Facto Systems Co-Standards
1997 Delivering On A Promise
1997 TOC Management System for Manufacturers
1997 A TOC Approach to Organisational Empowerment
1997 Getting a Handle on Complex Manufacturing
1997 The Research Agenda for a New Business Philosophy
1997 Constraints Management From APICS & Endash: The Key To

Success
1997 The TOC Management System For Manufacturers
1997 A Controller Learns To Let His People Go
1997 TOC for world class global supply chain management
1997 Quantitative models for reverse logistics: A review
1997 Improving production line productivity: A drum/buffer/rope

application
1997 Flow Manufacturing Improves Efficiency and Customer

Responsiveness
1997 Supply Chain Management in Complex Manufacturing
1997 Transfer Pricing Effects on Locally Measured Organisations
1997 Scheduling with priority dispatching rules and drum-buffer-rope

in a recoverable manufacturing system
1997 Comparing JIT, MRP and TOC, and Embedding TOC into MRP
1997 A Framework for the Systemic Control of Organisations
1997 Order review/release and lot splitting in drum-buffer-rope
1997 Synchronous Manufacturing: Putting the Goal to Work
1997 Scheduling Printed Circuit Board Production Systems Using the

Two-Level Scheduling Approach
1997 Synchronous Manufacturing: Back to Basics
1997 Revitalizing TQM efforts: a self-reflective diagnosis based on the

theory of constraints
1997 Beat the drum (buffer, rope)
1997 Fab 6 Pipeline constraint management implementation at Harris

Semiconductor Corp
1997 Three Shops, Three Strategies: Using MRPII, JIT, and TOC in Re-
manufacturing Cells
1997 Management Science, Theory of Constraints, Optimized
Production Technology and Local Optimization
1997 TOC - Religion or Management Tool?
1997 A Cause-And-Effect Approach to Analysing Performance

Measures
1997 Managing JIT Toward Maturity
1997 Focusing maintenance improvement efforts in a wafer

fabrication facility operating under the theory of constraints
1997 "On The Theory of Constraints" and the Goal System"
1997 Commentary on an exposition of multiple constraint scheduling

as implemented in the goal system
1997 Comments on an exposition of multiple constraint scheduling
1997 An exposition of multiple constraints scheduling as implemented

in the goal system
1997 Application of a constraint based production line management

system for semiconductor manufacturing
1997 Managing Constraints
1997 Synergies Between the Theory of Constraints and Linear

Programming
Managing Credit Collateral
1997
1996 Implementing constraint based scheduling through linking
computer simulation and the theory of constraints
1996 Holistic TOC for maximum profitability
1996 Constraint management through the drum-buffer-rope system
1996 Poker chip factory workshop
1996 Applying TOC in a JIT Environment
1996 How can the Theory of Constraints and Activity Based

Management Co-exist to Support Process Engineering?: A Case
Study
1996 From The Goal to Its Not Luck - the Theory of Constraints
Approach to Delighting the Customers and the Shareholders
1996 Johnson Controls' Experience with the Theory of Constraints
1996 Achieving Breakthrough Performance - Its Not Luck
1996 As Excess Capacity Is Exposed, How Do You Increase

Productivity?
1996 Leadership and the Next Generation of Strategic Planning
1996 Lean Logistics
1996 Protective Capacity: An All-Too-Secret Competitive Weapon

1996 SFM / TOC Implementation Insights
1996 Synchronous Remanufacturing
1996 The Selection of Planning and Scheduling Software for V-A-T & I
Plants
1996 The Systems Industry is giving MRP (and ERP) Implementors a

Choice: Traditional or TOC Manufacturing Systems
1996 TOC at Parr Instrument: A View from the Inside
1996 Which Is The Critical Choice?
1996 Dixie Re-engineers Scheduling and Increases Profit 300 Percent
1996 Inventory Valuations: Making Accuracy Relevant
1996 A Reliability Centred Maintenance Strategy for a Discrete Part

Manufacturing Facility
1996 Effects of dispatching and down time on the performance of

wafer fabs operating under theory of constraints
1996 The Principles of Success--Material Flow
1996 Allocation of buffers to serial production lines with bottlenecks
1996 A Theory of Constraints Fable: Part 2

1996 A Theory of Constrains Fable: Part 2
1996 A Theory of Constraints Fable: Part 1
1996 Re-engineering Using the Theory of Constraints: A Case Analysis

of Moore Business Forms
1996 A practical heuristic for effective buffer management
1996 A comparative study of line design approaches for serial

production systems
1996 Scheduling using drum-buffer-rope in a remanufacturing

environment
1996 Formulation and solution of the drum-buffer-rope constraint

scheduling problem (DBRCSP)
1996 The impact of restricting the flow of inventory in serial

production systems
1996 An Introduction to the Theory of Constraints
1996 In Defence of Management Accounting Applications
1996 Accounting for Throughput: Part I - The Theory
1996 Accounting For Throughput: Part II - Practice
1996 From Activity-Based Costing to Throughput Accounting

1996 Measuring Operational Performance in a Throughput World
1996 My saga to improve production
1996 Session 2: Giving Creative Criticism
1996 The theory of constraints in services: part 1 the basics
1996 The theory of constraints in services: part 2 examples from

health care
1996 Celebrate and record the Theory of Constraints in services: part

2 - examples from health care
1996 The Theory of Constraints in Practice - at Quality Engineering Inc
1996 The Theory of Constraints: an overall management philosophy

supporting an accelerated process of ongoing improvement in
information services
1996 Banishing Bottlenecks
1996 Examination of bottleneck management practices on ease of

management, shop-parameters and customer variables
1996 Drum-Buffer-Rope: Testing an alternative to material

requirements planning
1996 Drum-Buffer-Rope operating policies and bottleneck position in

V-plants
1996 The application of focused management in the electronics

industry
1996 Common Sense Manufacturing, A Method of Production Control
1996 Robert Bowden Inc.: A case study of cellular manufacturing and

drum-buffer-rope implementation
1996 Use OEE don't let OEE use you
1996 Learning the theory of constraints with a simulation game
1996 Theory of Constraints: Evolution of a Revolution
1996 Analysis of a process improvement path using rapid modeling
1996 Manufacturings Future: Synch and Kaizen
Storing too Much Information in the Insurance Industry?
1996
The Application of Focused Management in the Electronics
Industry - A case Study
1996
1995 Conflict Resolution: The Theory of Constraints Approach
1995 Quality Focus in the Factory: An Application of the Theory of

Constraints
1995 MRPII vs DBR in the Poker Chip Factory
1995 Applying Theory of Constraints in a Service Environment:

Hannah's Donut Shop (A Case Study of Performance,
Measurement and Manufacturing Design)
1995 What Do You Expect?
1995 A Performance Measurement Tutorial: An Identification and

Examination of Problems with Traditional Measures
1995 Theory of Constraints and the United States Air Force Medical
Service
1995 Application of the Theory of Constraints in the Semiconductor

Industry
1995 It's a Jungle Out There - So Listen to the Drum-Beat!
1995 Manufacturing: Key To Prosperity
1995 This Isn't Yesterday's UPS
1995 This Isn't Yesterday's UPS: Upgrades include the ability to

implement Theory of Constraints and access to real-time data at
workstations
1995 Small Vendor a Model for Lower-Tier Suppliers
1995 Production and Operations Management: Manufacturing Services
1995 Statistical Process Control Utilisation in the Austin-San Antonio

Corridor
1995 People Who Like People (BPR)
1995 Break Out of the Box

1995 Theory of Constraints Spots Weak Management
1995 Managing Design: Theory of Constraints spots weak

management
1995 Management by Constraints: Coupling IS to Support Changes in

Business Bottlenecks.
1995 The impact of a constraint buffer in a flow shop
1995 The impact of learning rate and constraints on production line

performance
1995 Information Technology in Operations Management - a Theory-of-

Constraints Approach
1995 Using the theory of constraints to guide the implementation of

quality improvement projects in manufacturing operations
1995 ABM for Continuous Improvement, The Theory of Constraints,

and Open Book Management
1995 Integrating the Theory of Constraints and Activity Based Costing
1995 Expediting as a Two-Edged Sword
1995 Logistics Engineering And Constraint Management: A Common

Sense Approach To Environment Performance Improvement
1995 Watching the theory of constraints in action
1995 Radical Ideas or Just a Case of the Emperors New Clothes?

1995 Optimising Production Resources
1995 Blending Quality Theories For Continuous Improvement
1995 What Time Means to Manufacturing
1995 Revolutionary Management
1995 Full Speed, Straight Ahead? : A New Look At Constraints

Management Challenges Traditional Production Policies.
1995 Focusing on time and teams to eliminate waste at shingo prize-

winning ford electronics
1995 SDWT requires tools to be successful
1995 Implementation of drum-buffer-rope at a military rework depot

engine works
1995 Master Production Scheduling in a Theory of Constraints

Environment
1995 Synchronous Manufacturing
1995 Bottlenecks Can Be Found Using Quality Tools
1995 How TOC & TPM work together to build the quality toolbox of
SDWTs
1995 A Simulation Model of Drum-Buffer-Rope for Production Planning

and Control at a Naval Aviation Department
1995 The Amazing Goldratt Blazes Paths To Profit
1995 Thinking Revolutionary
1995 The Bottom Line
Information Technology in Operations Management: A Theory of

Constraints Approach
1995
1994 How Theory of Constraints can be used to direct preventative
maintenance
1994 Time Buffer in the Theory of Constraints - Modeling Optimal Size
1994 Applying the Theory of Constraints to Army Logistics
1994 Primes Spur Lower-Tier Firms with Carrot-and-Stick
1994 Cultural Shift Key to Vendor Survival
1994 Synchronous in Step with Global Trends: Synchronous

Manufacturing
1994 Getting Your Company in Sync
1994 Dunkirk Radiator Taking and Making Quantum Leaps
1994 Application of optimized production technology in a capacity

constrained flow shop: A case study in a battery factory
1994 A simulation analysis of the effectiveness of drum-buffer-rope
scheduling in furniture manufacturing
1994 Focused Management in Military Organisations: An Avenue for

Future Industrial Engineering
1994 The Application of Constraint Management to Manufacturing and

Services in New Zealand
1994 Focused Management: A Business-Oriented Approach To Total

Quality Management
1994 Estimating the Size of the Time Buffer in the Theory of

Constraints: Implications for Management
1994 Competitive Factors and Performance Measurement: Applying

the Theory of Constraints to Meet Customer Needs
1994 Process Flow Industry - Scheduling Control Using the Theory of

Constraints
1994 Optimum production technology (OPT) and the Theory of

Constraints (TOC): analysis and genealogy
1994 Economic theory, cost accounting and theory of constraints: an

examination of relationships and problems
1994 Black & Deckering Black & Decker: Overhauling a US Power Tool
Makers Manufacturing Capabilities
1994 A Rebuttal To The Five Myths
1994 Re-engineering, by the Book
1994 From Cost Centre to Profit Centre

1994 Applying the theory of constraints' process management
technique to an administrative function at stanley furniture
1994 Synchronous flow management (SFM) principles in the

manufacturing of discrete power devices
1994 Applying constraint management theory in a wafer fab
1994 Enterprise Implications of Transfer Pricing
1994 Proper Use of Constraint Management
1994 A Simulation Comparison of Traditional, JIT, and TOC

Manufacturing Systems in a Flow Shop With Bottlenecks
1994 Theory of Constraints: Improper Applications Yield Improper

Conclusions
1994 Drum-Buffer-Rope Scheduling and Pictures for the Yearbook
1994 Does Protective Capacity Assist Managers In Competing Along

Time-Based Dimensions.
1994 Shifting Production Bottlenecks: Causes, Cures, and Conundrums
1994 A Common Language of Quality: Synchronous Manufacturing in

the Aerospace Industry
1994 A Study of the Cost and Benefits of a Unit Production System

Versus the Progressive Bundle System
1994 The Power of The Goal

1994 Vision and Revolution
1994 Process flow industryscheduling and control using theory of

constraints
1994 Theory of Constraints and MRP2: From Theory to Results
1994 Theory of Constraints and MRPII: From Theory to Results
IS Management by Constraints: Coupling IS Effort to Changes in

Business Bottlenecks
1994
Process Flow Industry - Scheduling and Control Using Theory of
Constraints
1994
1993 Theory of Constraints: A Model For Applying The Theory To
Purchasing
1993 Tiger Brand Knits Solid Technology
1993 Understanding the Theory of Constraints
1993 Synchronous Manufacturing Can Help Repair Shops Too
1993 Pratt Synchronises its Supply Chain: United Technologies Corps

Pratt and Whitney Unit
1993 Optimising theory of constraints when multiple constrained

resources exist
1993 Getting from Minority-Owned to World Class: Synchronous

Manufacturing at HS Automotive Metal-forming Company
1993 In Sync With Synchronous Manufacturing At Form Rite Corp
1993 Warehouse Management Using VAT Logical Structure Analysis
1993 Constraint Management: A Description and Assessment
1993 Drum-Buffer-Rope and Buffer Management: Impact on Production

Management Study and Practices
1993 Measures of Product Attractiveness and the Theory of

Constraints
1993 Allocation of Investment Cost to Operational Expense: A TOC

Approach
1993 Improving workflow in the insurance industry: A focused

management approach
1993 Critical Thinking and The Goal
1993 Decision-Focused Costing at Kenco
1993 A Single Bottleneck System with Binomial Yields and Rigid

Demand
1993 Competing with Crayolas: Manufacturing as a Competitive

Weapon at Binney & Smith
1993 Simulation of synchronous manufacturing at a naval aviation

depot
1993 Optimizing theory of constraints when new product alternatives

exist
1993 Analysis of setup time at constraint resources
1993 A Primer on the Theory of Constraints
1993 Focus is Key to Stampers Success
A Single Bottleneck System with Binomial Yields and Rigid

Demand
1993
Improving Workflow in the Insurance Industry: A Focused
Management Approach
1993
1992 The Theory of Constraints Approach to Focussed Improvement
1992 The Theory of Constraints: A New Weapon for Depot

Maintenance
1992 The theory of constraints approach to focused improvement
1992 Theory of Constraints: Strategic Linkages Between Purchasing

and Production Management
1992 Jonah Takes on the Apparel Chain
1992 New Partnership Shatters Paradigms
1992 QR: In 12 Days, 6 Lives Were Changed
1992 Warren Featherbone Co

1992 Synchronous Manufacturing: The Measure of Excellence
1992 Is GM on the Road to Recovery?
1992 Completely Synchronous Manufacturing for Automotive

Assembly - Some Lessons Learned
1992 Do we really need product costs? The theory of constraints

alternative
1992 Do We Really Need Product Cost; A Theory of Constraints

Alternative
1992 Using Constraint Management to Reduce Congestion in a

Fracture Clinic: Preliminary Analysis
1992 Inventory Doesnt Pay
1992 Living Systems and the Theory of Constraints
1992 Manufacturing Management Information Systems Require

Simplification
1992 Late-Night Discussions VII: Engineering and Competition
1992 Late-Night Discussions IX: Dealing with a Market Downturn
1992 Late-Night Discussions VIII: Paradigm Shift
1992 Late-Night Discussions X: Different Markets, Different Prices

1992 Late-Night Discussions XI: Tearing Down the Walls of Distrust
1992 Late-Night Discussions XII: Cost Accounting
1992 Late Night Discussions, No. XII, Cost Accounting
1992 Late Night Discussions, No. XI
1992 TOC and Linear Programming: A Comparision
1992 The Complete Kit Concept
1992 Theory of Constraints and Linear Programming: A Comparison
1992 Synchronous Manufactuirng: New Methods, New Mind-Set
1992 Improving Logistics Flow Using the Theory of Constraints
1992 Manufacturing Strategy and the Theory of Constraints
1992 Analysing Manufacturing Problems Using V-A-T Analysis
1992 Strategies For Production Control
1992 The Product Mix Decision: A Comparison of Theory of Constraints

and Labour Based Management Accounting
1992 Drum-buffer-rope: a not-so-new approach to depot maintenance
shop floor control
1992 The Monster Method: How Noel Lee Created the Management
System of the Future
1992 Managing system constraints: a cost/utilization approach
1992 The missing link between manufacturing strategy and production

planning
1992 Alkco Lighting and its Journey to Goldratts Goal
1992 Alkco Lighting Company and its journey to Goldratt's Goal
Improving Shop Floor Control: An Entropy Model Approach
1992
The Missing Link between Manufacturing Strategy and
Production Planning.
1992
1991 Manufacturing-led competitiveness: use maths not myths
1991 Constraint Management: The Key to Accelerated Improvement
1991 Constraint Management and Activity Based Costing: Does Cost

Allocation Make Sense?
1991 Making Sense of Managements Alphabet Soup
1991 Design of a Synchronous Manufacturing System with Just-In-Time
Production
1991 Custom Kitchens in 10 Days
1991 Put Your Efforts Where Your Problems Are : You Can Let Go Of
Costs Stanley Finds
1991 This Quiet Revolution Shatters the Cost World : TOCs Cash-Flow
Approach Slices Inventory, Boosts Bottom Line
1991 The Hourly Rate: Myth and Reality
1991 Late Night Discussions: V
1991 Late Night Discussions, No. IV, Manufacturing Automation
1991 Late Night Discussions, No. VII, Engineering & Competition
1991 Late-Night Discussions I: Is Your Inventory Putting You A

Continent Away?
1991 Late-Night Discussions II: Single-Source Purchasing's Long-Term
Effects can be Devastating
1991 Late-Night Discussions III:Transfer Pricing
1991 Late-Night Discussions IV: Manufacturing Automation
1991 Late-Night Discussions V: Searching for Japans Core Statement

Manufacturing Success of Japanese Business
1991 Late-Night Discussions VI: Quality Management
1991 Implementing Drum-Buffer-Rope to Control Manufacturing Lead

Time
1991 Constraint Based Control of Flexible Flow Lines
1991 Using V-A-T Analysis for Determining the Priority and Location of
JIT Manufacturing Techniques
1991 Springing to World-Class Manufacturing
1991 Using "The Goal" In An MRP System
1991 MRT, MRPII, OPT, JIT, and CIM - Secession, Evolution, or

Necessary Combination?
1991 Buffer management. A diagnostic tool for production control
1991 Material Requirements Planning and Theory of Constraints: Can

They Coexist? A Case Study
1991 Understanding and Applying Constraint Management in Todays

Manufacturing Environments
1991 Implementing Drum-Buffer-rope to Control Lead-Time
1991 MRPII and Finite Capacity Scheduling
Information as Inventory: A New Conceptual View
1991
1990 Using OPT at Expozay International
1990 Looking Beyond the First Stage: Just-In-Time

1990 GMs Innovation for Performance
1990 Synchronized Manufacturing as in Opt - from Practice to Theory
1990 An Integrated Push - Pull Manufacturing Strategy
1990 Push, Pull, and Squeeze Shop Floor Control With Computer
Simulation
1990 Controlling Input: The Real Key to Shorter Lead Times
1990 Buffer stock Allocation in Serial and Assembly Type of Production

Lines
1990 CONWIP: a pull alternative to Kanban
1990 Measuring Performance with Synchronous Management
1990 Just-in-Time, Total Quality Management, Theory of Constraints - a

Synergy
1990 Drum-buffer-rope shop floor control
1990 Controlling Input: The Real Key to Shorter Lead-times
1990 The Theory of Constraints and Activity Based Costing:Allocation

Make Sense
Synchronized Manufacturing as in OPT: From Practice to Theory
1990
Service Organization costing A Synchronized Manufacturing
1990 Approach
The Drum-Buffer-Rope Shop Floor Control
1990
1989 GMs Plant Saver
1989 Where Best to System Invest
1989 Throughput Planning Instead Of Capacity Planning Is Next

Logical Step After MRP2
1989 OPTimising Production's Potential
1989 Pricing Strategy in the Automotive Glass Industry
1989 Manufacturing Performance: Local Versus Global Measures
1989 The Strategic Use of Work-In-Progress Inventory
1989 Inventory: Asset or Liability
1989 Where Best to System Invest

1988 The Theory of Constraints: A New Approach to Production and
Inventory Management
1988 Bottleneck generalized assignment problems
1988 The Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) Approach to Logistics
1988 Computerized Shop Floor Scheduling
1988 How the Constraint Theory Improved a Job-Shop Operation
1988 JIT and Constraint Theory: The Issue of Bottleneck Management
1986 Cost Accounting: Asset or Liability?
1985 Production Planning and Control in Flow Shop Operations using

Drum Buffer Rope Methodology: A System Dynamics Approach
1980 Optimized production timetable: a revolutionary program for

industry
Customer Service in Hospitality Organisations and the Theory of
Constraints Critically assessed from a Logistical Perspective
The Self-Education of Bruce Hamilton
Expediting as a Two Edged Sword
Aplikasi Linear Programming (LP) Dalam Konsep the Theory Of

Constraints (TOC)
Using TOC for Performance Improvement
Multiple Views of The Medicine Distribution in A Pharmacy of a

Navy Hospital
Advancing Lean Healthcare: understanding efficiency paradox

through a constraints management view
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Douglas N.
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J. R. Cox, Timothy;Maxwell, Industrial Engineer

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M. Fabey Aerospace Daily & Defense Report
M. S. Henson Marine Corps Gazette
M. Hughes Industrial Engineer
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Adriano;Kawamoto, Luiz Production
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Boaz
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Jos;Pino, Ra l;De La Fuente,
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Filho, Walter; Platje, Joost An International Journal
Chatterjee, Amit Managing Flexibility
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Patrick; Matt, Dominik T.
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Gupta, Sanjee APICS - The Educational Society for

Resource Management
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Howard.; Roche, Greg Conference Proceedings
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Gronseth, Steve; Ray, Joe APICS Constraints Management

Symposium
Holt, James APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
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Gronseth, Steve; Ray, Joe APICS Constraints Management
Proceedings
Hansen, R APICS Constraints Management

Proceedings
Krausert, B. APICS The Performance Advantage
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N. G. Conference Proceedings
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Kroll, Kare Industry Week
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American Production and Inventory
Control Society
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Engineering-Theory, Applications and
Practice
McMullen, M.; Patterson, M. International Journal of Management

C.; Harmel, B.
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Mackness ,John Robert Production Management
Shamsur Rahman International Journal of Operations and

Production Management
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J. H. Research
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J. B. Management
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Sullivan, M Cathy.; Ward,
Terry
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Elisabeth
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Technology
Berry, R. , Hilderbrand, H. , Journal of Systems Improvement

Cox III, James F. , and
Kingman, Owen W.
Franks, Richard Journal of the International Society of

System Improvement
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Gibson, Jon Society
Mabin, Victoria J. ; Gibson, Journal of the Operational Research

Jon Society Vol. 49
Feng, Zhou Journal Of Wuhan Yejin University Of

Science And Technology
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Mahes
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John
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Satya S. Decision Sciences Institute
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Krishnaswamy Conference.
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Advanced Semiconductor
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Kadipasaoglu, Sukran Journal
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Electronics Manufacturing Technology
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(Association of Asian-Pacific Operational
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James F. Proceedings - American Production and
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Resource Management
Greenfield, David APICS - The Performance Advantage
McMullen, Thomas APICS - The Performance Advantage
Goldratt, Eliyahu APICS - The Performance Advantage
Wilson, Ken APICS - The Performance Advantage
Cox, James F II APICS The Performance Advantage
Stillahn, Bra APICS The Performance Advantage
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and Ronen, B. Research
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Research
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Force Logistics
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Eden, Y., and Ronen, B. Journal of Insurance Issues
Simons, Jacob V. Jr, Major; Air Force Journal of Logistics

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Kron, Penny Apparel Industry Magazine

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Sharman, Paul CMA: The Management Accounting

Magazine
Jacobs, Brian. ; Morrison, Computers & Industrial Engineering.

Kenneth R. ; White, Charles Vol. 23
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Low, James T. Corporate Controller
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Conference Proceedings
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Charlene
Antonio, E J.; Egbelu, P Computers & Industrial Engineering
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Shaver, Kim Furniture Today
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Boaz Journal
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John Journal
Fry, Timothy D.; Karan, Kirk The International Journal of Logistics

R.; Steele, Daniel Management
Harrison, M Works Management (UK)
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Tony Conference Proceedings
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Management
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Schragenheim, E., and Production and Inventory Management

Ronen, B.
Callahan, Josep Automotive Industries
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Funk, Paul Industrial Engineering
Wheatley, Malcolm International Journal of Operations and

Campbell, Robert Management Accounting (USA)
Fry, Timothy D.; Cox, James Production and Inventory Control

F II Journal
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II
Finch, Byron J.; Cox, James F Production and Inventory Management
II Journal
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Fox, Robert Journal of Accounting & EDP
Politou, Alexandra; Work

Georgiadis, Patroklos
Goldratt, Eliyahu M. APICS 23rd Annual Conference

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Peristeris, Oresty
Verespej, Michael Industry Week
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Ronen, Boaz Systems Improvement. Vol. 1
Gaspersz, Vincent Journal Teknologi Industri

Way, Beler; Mowbray, Published by:
Melton constraintmanagement.co.uk
De Oliveira, Mrio Jorge

Ferreira; Collazo, Rodrigo
Abrunhosa; Monteiro,
Leonardo Antonio; Pessa,
Leonardo Claro Garcia;
Espsito, Sheila Monteiro
Elias
H. L. B. Tay, Vikram
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to describe an implementation of Simplified Drum Buffer Rope (S-DBR), a scheduling method
Constraints, in service operations of a US military base. In doing so, this research contributes in two ways. For practitioners,
show how S-DBR methodology can be utilised to improve the performance of labour relations. For academicians, this researc
address the how questions of S-DBR use in a service context. Article ahead-of-print.
A strategy of continuous improvement that maximises productivity without large capital investments.
According to news reporting originating from London, United Kingdom, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Despit
the theory of change (ToC) approach, little is known about the extent to which ToC has been used in the design and evaluatio
interventions.
Master production scheduling (MPS) is widely used by manufacturing industries in order to handle the production scheduling
planning hierarchy. The classical approach to MPS assumes infinite capacity, fixed (i.e. non-controllable) processing times an
scenario for the demand forecasts. However, the deterministic optimisation approaches are sometimes not suitable for addre
problems with high uncertainty and flexibility. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a new practical model for designing an
environments in which processing times may be controllable by allocating resources such as facilities, energy or manpower.
ourGeneral
model,Spencer's callheuristic
an efficient to managerial arms
algorithm is certainly
using one that
local search their Air
technique Force
and has of
theory heard before, is
constraints but it is moreand
developed relevant than
analysed.
advice to heart
especially and attempted
for large-sized to institutionalize
test problems show thatTotal Quality Management
the average optimality gap (TQM) in the form
of proposed of Quality
algorithm Air times
is four Force lower
(QAF) than
over
the
GAMS program
while itwither and die
consumes after
also extensivesmaller
significantly effort to
runmake it work.
times. Also, This article isofnot
the analysis a critique of the
computational validity
results of any
confirms of those
that considm
them bring times
processing very relevant capability
may improve to improving
the solution spaceprocesses.
and help to Rather, it is a critique
more efficiently of the
utilise returning to that
available managerial
resources. mind-set
According th
to th
Operational
performanceunits could
of the use CPIitand
algorithm, maycould employ the
be proposed principles
for solving in AFSO21
large and complexbut preferably
real-worldby employing
problems a versionthe
particularly thatmachin
does n
mission
When leadership is contemplating
preparation/execution macro
and that decisions or
is specifically establishing
tailored overall
for their direction
culture. Ideally, fornew
an organization,
methods should management should
simply reorganiz
everyone.
streamlinedSince macro decisions affect everyone, leaders need to present an effective message to their workforce at a set p
structure.
every month. [...]as the oscillations reach medium levels, visual displays or lean principles are more applicable. [...]when the
low levels, or the system is stable and variables are known, engineering /Six Sigma principles are most applicable.
Abstract The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how the concept of the Red Queen is used to sustain improved perform
production/maintenance operation. In doing so, this research contributes in two ways. For practitioners, this research creates
may implement to ensure the sustainability of programme benefits over the long term. For academicians, this research theo
benefits of some process improvement efforts are not sustained, while others are sustained for years.
There are various shortages of the traditional data center in cost, resource utilization, power consumption and operation. Thi
development trend of the virtual data center and its technical advantages, proposes a scheme of virtual system of smart tra
based on VMware vSphere. At the same time, oriented on requirements of traffic data stream management in city smart tran
environment of cloud computing, aimed at massive, multi-source, real-time, dynamic uncertain data stream sent back from
intensive control perception device, this paper analyses the characteristics and correlation of actual city traffic operation and
evolution
The theory of constraints
mechanism (TOC) isdata;construct
of uncertain a popular five-step
trafficcontinuous improvement
data flow model method,
based on butcore
ontology, it lacks a visualand
metadata element.
theory The g
of co
populated
this paper version in Figure 1 and
uses virtualization ) is alarge
simple visual
data sets tool that enables
of parallel quality
processing, managers
considers to balancing
load communicateand TOC's continuous
adaptive impro
mechanism, c
stakeholders
dynamic multiand top management.
object, multi constrained decision theory, to seek the efficient query algorithm for dynamic, complex and cont
stream.
Whether you are the patient or the doctor, it is almost universally accepted that the schedule is a good plan that is going to
before lunch. The patients are well aware that they probably will see the doctor later than their scheduled appointment, but
they will run late is less damaging than the chance that they will find themselves with an empty examining room. A late pati
at all, but both happen all the time. Scheduling often is considered an optimization problem, but experience shows that this
acceptable solution. In a medical practice, a good schedule should maximize the most important, most expensive, most profi
is the physician. The initial buffers used to manage patient flow effectively through the practice are the scheduling buffer, th
physician interruption buffer. By strategically buffering the leverage and control points in the practice, one can reduce the im
significantly, bringing sanity to a chaotic environment.
As the US Navy struggles to refurbish, repair and return its aircraft to squads for training to ensure flight safety and proficien
digital-based systems to keep track of the work and parts. To improve production line output -- returning aircraft to warfighte
as possible -- naval aviation is using an industry-tested project management method from the 'theory of constraints' tool set
analysis tools, the Navy says in its report, "Naval Aviation Vision I 2016-2025," released earlier this month. The theory combi
logistics and other processes to paint a total picture of the work that has been completed and needs -- or will need -- to be d
.
Cases like this are why healthcare is becoming more open to collaboration with industrial and systems engineers, and this m
glimpse of that world. Besides the cover story on Page 28, The Front Line features an interview with a co-author of an Institu
touts systems thinking, along with detailing a new book about the emerging feld of health systems engineering.
The variation in processing times due to the human factor between the working stations of a production line can generate q
cost to the productive process. The objective of this study was to apply Monte Carlo simulation to balance the capacity of a p
suffering variability in processing time due to the human factor. Simulations of the current situation of the production line we
with a proposal to align capacity with the production restriction in order to reduce inventories process while maintaining full
develop the study, the selection involves the case of a company's production line in the metal industry that produces machin
How call centers
metalworking canThe
area. useresults
allowed (TOC) to combat
pointing suggestions for thethe high levels
company of customer
to reduce dissatisfaction,
in-process staff turnover
inventory, keeping then t
inefficiencies is discussed. The TOC can help call centers focus on bottlenecks and core problems that prevent them from ac
performance in relation to its goal. The TOC also helps reduce agent churn and waste.
Purpose The research indicates there is a positive link between the improvement capability of an organisation and the inten
business process improvement (BPI) project or initiative. While a degree of stochastic variation in applied effort to any partic
may be expected there is a clear need to quantify the causal relationship, to assist management decision, and to enhance th
sustaining the expected improvement targets. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The pa
obtain the function that estimates the range of applicable effort an organisation can expect to be able to apply based on the
Demand
capability.for nurses
The method is influenced
used analysed by many factors.
published dataLabor statistics
as well and health
as regression services
analysis of literature
new data reveal
points current
obtained and
from predicted
comple
demand. One strategy
projects. Findings in response
The level of effortcan be drawn
available to befrom manufacturing
applied to a process industries.
improvement This column
project suggests the application
can be expressed of the
as a regressi
efforts
possible torange
relieve ofbottlenecks
achievable BPI in producing
performance and within
retaining nurse
90 per centlabor.
confidence limits. Research limitations/implications The dat
is limited due to constraints during the research project. A more accurate function can be obtained with more industry data.
the described function is combined with a separate non-linear function of performance gain vs effort a model of performance
improvement
In a production flow as
project linea with stochastic
function environment,
of organisational variability affects
improvement the is
capability system performance.
obtained. Theseofstochastic
The probability success in nature
achiev o
been classified
be estimated forinathree
processtypes: arrival, service
improvement andOriginality/value
project. departure process Thevariability. So far, only
method developed inservice process
this research is -novel
or task and time -v
uniqu
in assembly
applied line (AL) an
to assessing balancing studies.capability
organisation's In this study, both service
to manage change. and flow process variations are modelled along with AL ba
task assignment to stations is sought to achieve the maximal production. A novel approach which consists of queueing netw
programming (CP) has been developed. Initially, the theoretical base for the usage of queueing models in the evaluation of A
established.
Since supply Inchains are increasingly
this context, a diffusionbuilt on complexisinterdependences,
approximation utilised to evaluate concerns to adopt new
the performance of the managerial
line and toapproaches
model the ba va
surged. Nonetheless,
work stations. implementing
Subsequently, an efficient
CP approach collaborative
is employed to obtain solution is a wide
the optimal taskprocess where several
assignments obstaclesTomust
to the stations. assess be the
face
role of experimentation
procedure, the results are as compared
a model-driven decision Results
to simulation. supportshow system forthe
that, managers
procedure in the
is anconvoluted decision-making
effective solution method to process
meas
reductionist
stochastic ALs approach
and achieve (where thethe overallbalance.
optimal strategy is the sum of individual strategies) to a holistic approach (where global opt
collaboration). We simulate a four-echelon supply chain within a large noise scenario, while a fractional factorial design of ex
Abstract
factors was In todays
used toenvironment, Supply Chain
explore cause-effect Management
relationships. (SCM) takes
By providing a key
evidence inrole in business
a wide range ofstrategy.
conditions A major
of the challenge
superiorityis
service
supply chainlevel under a reasonable
participants operating
can be certain expense
to move awayandfrominvestment. The traditional
their natural reductionist approach
behavior.toThereupon,
SCM, basedpractitioners
on local optimis focu
meaningful
solution. Theinefficiencies e.g. the (TOC)
theory of constraints Bullwhip Effect
defines an appropriate
that obstructframework,
the throughput.whereThe the systemic (holistic) approach,
Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) method based on
integ
been shown to perform
and synchronizes significantly
decisions. better.
In addition, thisNevertheless,
work providesitevidence
is not widely expanded,
of the need for sincealigningtheincentives
implementationin order oftoaneliminate
efficient
scheme. Under these
and simulation, especiallycircumstances,
agent-based this paper proposes
techniques, allowsan integrative to
practitioners framework for supply chain
develop awareness collaboration
of complex aimed prob
organizational at in
based
Purpose
prototypes - The
on the can purpose
combined
be of thisas
application
interpreted paper ofisthe
forceful tolaboratories
propose
Beers a framework
Viable forSystem
decision integrating
Model
making(VSM)andthe
and Hart
theand
business MilsteinTheory
Goldratts (2003)ofstrategies
transformation. Constraints for(TOC).
organ
development
structure of the (SD) with chain
supply the ideasand of Kleindorferet
orchestrates theal. (2005) on sustainable
collaboration, while TOCoperations
implements management
the systemic(SOM),behaviourwhich requires
i.e. integragu
management
performance measures.(GSCM). Design/methodology/approach
To support this proposal, we detail - The its
construction
applicationoftothe theframework
widely used wasBeerbased
Game on scenario.
previous studies
In addition tha
between operations
implementation in realmanagement
supply chains, principles with environmental
highlighting the key pointsbias thatand
must studies on adoption of GSCM practices. Findings - T
be considered.
guides managers to reconcile operations management practices/principles that are already being implemented in organizati
perspective
Purpose This paper aims
because theseto develop sustain
practices a methodology of business
organizations knowledge creation
to simultaneously reach SOM basedandon SD.a synthesis between
Originality/value the pape
- The pers
pragmatic constructionism
provides guidance (PC) and critical
on how organizations canapproaches to narrative
seek sustainability analysis
in their informed
operations, by antenarrative
considering concepts.
that articles on theDesign/me
topic of s
paper identifies
developed commonalities
with this specific focus. and contrasts between narrative and PC. Interpreting an original case study of a hotel by dep
the paper shows how a synthesis of the two approaches can help to construct management control knowledge. Findings PC a
overlaps and complementarities. Practitioners like stories both to make sense of their own roles and to develop personal stra
Abstract
conceptsCurrently,
demonstrate manufacturing
the potentially companies
generative areproperties
facing market volatility. To gain
of organizational such market
storytelling. The PC competition,
approach alsoorganisations
constructssho c
customers
additionally,needsprovides by reducing lead times,
a set of criteria against or/and
whichlowering
we cantheir operating
evaluate costs. of
the stories These organisations
practitioners on the usually
basis select
of "does performa
it work
to enhance their internalMore
limitations/implications processes and handle
interpretive such processes
field study working challenges.
are called Many
for as of the available
a way of testingapproaches
the robustness can ofbethe implemen
resear
process improvements
paper. Practical implicationse.g. Lean, Six Sigma
A successful and Total Productive
management control topos Maintenance.
has to be The appropriate selection
business-specific for the most
and co-authored with suitab
contri
appreciated
both inside and especially
outsidebefore utilising or investing
the organization. Narrative resources.
and PC research The current paper introduces
methodologies an integrated
both encourage modelintowhich
reflexivity, support them r
selecting
not just the and managing
positions the suitable
of their performance
interviewees, but alsoimprovement
their own positioninitiative(s). The proposed
and reactions. model combines
The creation of business balanced
knowledge scorec
is s
and DEMATEL
between method. The
the researchers and model is adopted by
the researched, as athey
home appliance
share concepts manufacturing
and reflections firm located
during theinfieldwork
Egypt starting
process. from mid-20
Originality
and to supporttwo
contrasts operations
interpretive managers
research to select and manage
methodologies, the suitable
narrative and a improvement initiatives using
pragmatic constructivist DEMATEL
perspective. method.whe
Especially Sign
improving
antenarrative production
is deployed, rate bythe6.22%, improving machines
two methodologies reliability
offer fruitful throughfor
possibilities increasing
dialogicalmean time between
conversation, as they failures,
espouse andsligh
red
due to reducing
nature defects were reported during executives review meetings.
of actor reality.
Innovation in distribution strategy is the key to sustain in today's competitive market place. This is applicable for diverse se
retail chain, furniture industry, book sellers etc. Even the auto component makers are now changing their traditional push-ty
especially in the replacement or aftermarket. The case is about an established company dealing in automotive filters which u
replenishment advocated in Theory of Constraints to increase its market share in the aftermarket segments. The company u
identify the constraint and restructure the organization around it. In the last few years after adopting the new strategy, the c
higher Creative industries
inventory turns, complement
better market the knowledge and creativity
reach and remarkable economy
increase in ROIandbyhave been deemed
changing the core
its distribution of the service
strategy from a pushecon
sector,
pull strategy. distinguished by its active performance in the area of innovation, is a leader in creating innovative business models a
involvement strategies. Creative industry enterprises face more complex market conditions and usually take place in very sm
continuous networking and diverse managerial practices and models. The market of creative industries' goods is constantly
unpredictable, therefore managerial practices are being constantly developed. The enterprises of creative industries need m
businesses,
Liquefied naturalas theygas need projects
to meet arethe
complex and full in
requirements of order
variability. Theiranplan
to create reliability
original product,is affected by constraints
whose nature must bearising
differentfromfro
and
products construction
. The article site. analyses
Effective various
management business of these
process constraints
improvement is critical
methods to reducing
such asproject uncertainties
LEAN (PDCA), Theoryand improve wo
of Constraints
approaches
and DMAIC).for Theconstraint
strengthsremoval are fragmented
and weaknesses of these and heavilyare
methods relyidentified
on human's commitments
to improve because
the creative the underlying
industries enterprises datade f
and outdated.model
improvement In order fortocreative
tackle this problem,
industries this paper
enterprises proposes
was developeda framework
and presented of total inconstraint
the article.management
[Web URL: (TCM), which
constraint modelling, constraint monitoring and constraint removal. Information technologies (i.e. building information mode
http://www.transformations.khf.vu.lt/38/article/cont]
identification,
Food safety isbarcoding,
one of thelaser mainscanning
concernsand in many countries throughout
photogrammetry) the world. and
are also discussed Failure to ensure food
incorporated into thesafety
TCMwould result
framework
to the general
practical public. Despite
and effective. much effort to
A laboratory-based improve food
experiment wassafety,
developedmany tocases of food safety
demonstrate issues or
and evaluate theeven crises have
framework. The happ
resu
time to time;it results
implementation of TCMincould undesirable healthimprove
significantly problems. One of theworkflow
construction recent food and safety scandals that happened in Taiwan in 201
productivity.
gutter/tainted oil by several oil suppliers. The series of food safety incidents affected 1256 businesses. In order to ensure a r
analysed the problem using the theory of constraint. Some issues towards the root cause of the problem are suggested. The
emphasises
Purpose Making decisions
on building on preventive
a responsible supply maintenance
chain and (PM) policy and
food safety buffer sizing,
regulation in orderastoisimproveoften studied,
food safetymay not result in ov
in Taiwan.
purpose of this paper is to propose a joint model that integrates PM and buffer sizing with consideration of quality loss for a
aims to minimize the average operation cost for a finite horizon. The opportunistic maintenance (OM) policy which could incr
decrease the cost of the system is also explored. Design/methodology/approach A joint PM and buffer size model considering
this model, the time-based PM and the condition-based PM are taken on the upstream and the downstream machine, respec
Management
based on the theory of patient records in a(TOC)
of constraints hospital is ofconsidered.
is also major importance,
An iterativefor its impact
search both onwith
algorithm the quality
Monte Carloof care is and on the to
developed asss
process
case study is circular,
is conducted the prevention
to illustrate of the
the performance
building up ofofbottlenecks
the proposed is especially
PM policies. important.
Findings Thus, the objective
The superiority of theof this paperin
proposed w
Theory
with theofseparate
Constraints (TOC) is
PM policy can be useful to the
demonstrated. logistics
Effects of the ofpolicies
medicalare records in hospitals.
testified. The advantages The paper is based
of the proposedon a TOC-based
case study
2011
termsperiod
of low-costin theand Medical RecordsOriginality/value
high-output. Logistics ServiceFew at the Hospital
studies have Universitario
been carriedVirgen out toMacarena
integrate in Seville (Spain).
decisions on PM and FrombuffAp
the
qualityclinical
loss record logistics system
into consideration were implemented
for degenerating systems. based
Most onPMthemodels
application
treat of TOC principles.
machines The results
equally ignoring theobtained showo
various roles
Mergers
level
comprehensive happenand
of service andfor employee
firms
integrateddifferentiation
productivity,
model based and/or
as maintenance
onwellTOCasisaproposed, in the
reduction ofmarket
cost and
accompanied and theis number
by used to change
an iterative its structure,
of patients
search complaints.
algorithm policies,
with Monte pracC
individuals
policy to further statusimprove
quo. It promotes
the performance individuals reactions
of system to this
is also change which can range from acceptance to resistance. The l
presented.
of the failure of the merger is in the mismanagement. Therefore, leadership is an important part of this process because it g
change and is part of the change management. The leadership style of the managers of change can affect the individuals re
change. Based on published data, the most appropriate styles for the success of a merger, as shown by this study, are the tr
There
authentic is a style.
toughHowever
competition in the furniture
is necessary sector like
to do empirical other sectors.
studies in differentAlong with the
contexts varying product
to validate range, production
these findings. [c] 2016 Depart syste
on a regular
Faculdade debasis and the
Economia, production costs
Administracao should be kept
e Contabilidade under control.de
da Universidade In Sao
this Paulo--FEA/USP.
study, spring mattress Published manufacturing line o
by Elsevier Editora
company
article under is analyzed.
the CC BY-NC-NDThe company license wants to increase its production output with new investments.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: TheLeadership;Resistance
objective is to find th
line in orderpara
acontecem to balance the semi-finished
a diferenciacao e/ou manutencaomaterial flow. These bottlenecks
das empresas no mercado, are investigated
modificacao de andestrutura,
several different
politicas, scenarios
praticas,ar c
current
individuos, manufacturing
o que incitasystem. reacoesThe queproblem
podem variar with adesde main theme basedate
a aceitacao onathe elimination
resistencia. of the bottleneck
A literatura aponta que is solved
grande using
parte Go
In this paper,
constraints
deve-se a uma 4Sma
with aauto maintenance
simulation
gestao based shop
(Camargos heuristicscheduling
e Barbosa, method. with
2003). Nearmulti-constraint
optimal
Portanto, machines
a alternatives
lideranca isimportante
of concern.
are determined
e parte byInsystem
desse 4S processo
auto maintenance
models sh
built inorie
porque Ar
bottlenecks
Results
mudanca show except
e faz that
parte fordethe
approximately
sua long-term
gestao. 46%Obottlenecks,
capacity
estilo and they
enhancements
de lideranca dosform multi-constraint
with
gestores 2 buffer
da mudancastocks machines
have
pode increasedjointly
afetar a with thedo
average
reacao task size reaching
production
individuo aby
mud 88
scheduling
Blanchard, 1986). the constraint
Segundo machines
a literatura effectively,
consultada, it can improve overall
e conforme mostrou performance
este estudo, ofosthe system
estilos maisto satisfy
adequados the customers
para o suces re
describe
sao o estilo andtransformacional
construct a model e ofor the autentico.
estilo schedulingEproblem necessaria,which can be
porem, designed
a feitura de as the dynamic
estudos empiricos flexible job shop scheduli
em diferentes context
constraint
achados. [c] machines for the goal of
2016 Departamento deminimizing
Administrac customers
ao, Faculdade waiting time. Then,Administracao
de Economia, putting an emphasis on the constraint
e Contabilidade machin
da Universidade
constraint
The Maximum to Satisfiability
decompose and (MaxSAT)
simplify problem
the complex is an optimization
system and alsovariant
constructof
Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. Este e um artigo Open Access sob a licenca de CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.orgthethe Satisfiability
coordination (SAT) problem.
mechanism Several
between combina
constrai
can be translated
constraint
Palavras-chave: machines. intoAfter
a MaxSAT
that, an
Lideranca;Resistencia formula.
improved Among exact MaxSAT heuristic
constraint-guided
a mudanca;Fusao algorithms, SAT-based
algorithm MaxSAT to
is proposed algorithms
solve theare the bestmachi
constraint perfo
world
differentproblems.
dispatching We have rulesextended
are selected the for WPM2 algorithm
solving by adding several
the non-constraint machine improvements.
scheduling according In particular, we location
to the show that of by
thesolv
no
original
What is MaxSAT
more, weinstance design the we can dramatically
rescheduling rules increase
combing the efficiency of WPM2.
characteristics This led WPM2
of the problem to realizeto achieve
dynamicthe best overall
scheduling withres m
MaxSAT
Finally, 4S Evaluation 2013 (MSE13)
auto maintenance shopon industrialwith
scheduling instances. Then, we
high workload present
during theadditional
rush hourtechniques
(on the eveand heuristics
of the holiday)toserved
furtheras ex
Successful
retrieved
proposed from monitoring
the resolution
algorithm is essential
is compared of the for
with managing
subproblems.
three different security-critical
Wedispatching
exhaustively or business-critical
analyze
rules under the impact
various processes.
of each
size The paper
improvement
of problems. Theseeks what
result toobtained
understan
contribute fro
benefits
they work.
has shown of This
the BPM
that use caseallows
architecture
the proposed monitor in much
to convert
algorithm is the exact
context
better. of Operations
algorithms Control Centers
into efficient incomplete (OCCs). OCCs create
algorithms. visibilitysolver
The resulting about hadcrit
very sensitive
instances at the processes.
incomplete In IT Service
track of the Management
latest international(ITSM) theyMSE.support the event management process with real-time moni
critical systems in complex system landscapes. This special focus of OCCs on visibility is a promising context to study fundam
The paper develops a Process Monitoring Benefits Framework that draws on the Situation Awareness Theory and the Theory
conceptualize
This study took place visibility
process in a company that changed
and suggest that it is the way of managing
positively related tothe production
process from Theory
performance. of Constraints
A multiple case study (TOC) to
in seve
Production
to examineSystem (STP) asand
the framework a baseline to establish
its propositions. Theits competitive
case advantage.
study indicates that the Theimpact
company, one of the
of process leaders
visibility on of metal perf
process fittin
lead-time of its products
situation awareness of the asprocess
the production
participants objective.
as well However, to maintain this
as the identification objective, while
of bottlenecks using the
in processes. TOC, thefactors
Moreover, company ar
high-volume
influence process stocks to prevent
visibility outcomethemselves
namely from market and
continuous the processculture,
improvement uncertainties.
outsourcing To establish
quality,its andcompetitive
maturity ofadvantage
the softw
costs, the company decided to deploy a lean manufacturing system. With the completion of the research, it was found that f
Presenting an integrated
manufacturing elements were approach
heavily forrelated
fuzzy mixed-model
to the strength ALBP and worker
of their competitiveassignment.
advantage. Bottleneck-easing
This research based assignmen
is exploratory, de
Fuzzy RTOC.
along the lines Developing
of a singlea case bi-level fuzzy mathematical model to assign workers and tasks. Task times depend on the skill lev
study.
we propose an integrated heuristic approach for the fuzzy mixed-model assembly line balancing problem. The proposed app
easing-based assignment of work and product mixture determination by using a fuzzy revised theory of constraints in a capa
total throughput and minimize the cycle time for the maximum given number of stations. A bi-level fuzzy mathematical mod
the assignment of workers and tasks, where the task times depend on the skill levels of workers. Furthermore, various probe
appropriate selection rules for workers and task assignments using different test problems. The results show that only consid
balancing is not sufficient when capacity constraints are present. Thus, maximization of the available capacity is essential bu
certain stations along the assembly line. The proposed approach is efficient for obtaining good results within a short time.
Computing a Simple Feasible Solution of MPCC. Computing a Target Feasible Solution of MPCC. *Convergence of a PGIP Algo
Underdetermined Complementarity Problem.
Production Engineering is originated on industrial applications, thereof developed methods and techniques along the last ce
them. However, to the extent that such techniques spillover to non-industrial sectors, interesting opportunities arise. This pa
study regarding the application of operational techniques that come from Production Engineering areas of study on health ca
based on articles indexed by Scopus database from 2004 to 2014. Data collected was organized in several dimensions such
institutions and publication years and the main particularities were emphasized and discussed. Finally, some opportunities a
This article
practice aims tocare
in health promote
units anda comparative
new research analysis betweenEngineering.
in Production two accounting information systems (CIS), in the light of the lit
Constraints (Theory of Constraints- TOC) and Activity Based Management (ABM Activity Based Management) under the thre
verify that perform the function of an information system itself. Motivated by the emergence of many SIC that promise to ad
for decision making, the aim of this work was to highlight the inherent aspects and features of each. Methodological aspects
that seeks to explain and discuss the theme, together with a comparative analysis. Structurally, a literature review on the In
In this paper,
performed, we apply
Theory design science
of Constraints (TOC)methodology
and Activity to tackle
Based the resource
Management allocation
(ABM). problem faced
The comparison by a home
procedure care initiative
is parameterized
Combining problem-solving
(purpose, effectiveness and methods
success) with Theory-of-Constraints
in order to observe points as principles,
scope and wereach.
develop a Demand-Based
Meanwhile, the research Replenishment
seeks to identifSyst
allocation
the relevant and scheduling
differences principles
between these aimed SIC.atInmanaging
general, ithome care resources
was concluded somemore effectively.
similarities Several implementations
and differences between the TOC of th
while real- restrictions
with some life systemsor are difficult to change,
noncompliance with any pre-requirement,
and post-intervention
meet the analyses
purpose for show which thatthey
system effectiveness
propose effectively demonstr
and with
In addition to the specific problem of home-care, we also explore the more general contributions that these kinds of design s
The
couldoutcomes
produce.of Lean
This is animprovement
important issue projects givenhave that been variable,
the role with some being
of problem-solving successful
research while others
and design science have not.marginal
is still Accordin
potential
management explanation for this equivocal
(OM) literature. Exploring state ways is toageneralize
paradox that the can develop
research depending
results on the focus
could provide avenuesof the
for project. Called the
further developme
projects where the
design science into focus is on maximizing
mainstream OM. the efficiency of just a particular resource (resource efficiency), its efficiency wil
overcome this paradox, the aim should be to achieve flow efficiency, where the focus is on the subject of interest being pro
in the most efficient manner. While there is general appreciation of this paradox, it is not clear as to how this arises and wha
In
To the Brazilianhow
understand Air Force, all enlisted
the efficiency paradoxSoldiersarise,and we Corporals
conducted (corresponding
a detailed study to USAF ranks
of eight Leanfrom Airman Basic
improvement to Senior
projects in twoAirma
la
their uniforms
Our analysis offrom theirprojects
the case assigned, respective
shows that when organizations,
the emphasis freeisofoncharge. An important
constraints that are portionwithin theof the uniformofsthe
boundary distributio
defined
the Brazilian
efficiency Air Force becomes
perspective Intendancy Central Depot
dominant. On the(ICD). otherThis hand,organization
when the emphasiscarries theisuniform
on constraintsinventorythat andareperforms
external the sele
to the b
activities,
system then following the guidance
a flow efficiency viewofisthe Sub-directorate
taken. In addition, we of Supply.
identified ICDaprocess
set of four performance
key conditions data that
for themay peak distributiontoset
be connected
collected
these being and analyzed.
service Several
variety, indications of inefficiencies
interdependency, capital resource became apparent,
intensity exemplified
and service uniqueness. by a high
Thesenumber of late and
key elements arepart
com
Every
study production
applied
four propositions system
fundamental
that canhas its practitioners
constraints.
principles
guide of LeanEver since Statistical
Thinking,
in adapting Goldratt presented
ProcesstoControl
Lean practices the theory
achieve and ofdesired
thethe constraints
Theory in theinmid
of Constraints
outcomes more80s a lot of
tocertain
identify anpe
the best methods
improvement.
incorporation of a for
Through constraint
statistical
constraints identification
analyses, aview,
management and thisways
simulation to minimize
effort
study thetheconstraints
and capacity
advance analysis,in
knowledge order
the
on Lean to gainimpacts
negative higherincapacity
applications ofvariant in
variability produc
thro
contexts
presented
assessed and is Simulation-based
several types of waste COnstraint were Removal
recognized. (SCORE).
PotentialThesolutions
SCORE method to address hasthebeen proved identified
problems to be morewere effective and d
suggested
and sorting of the constraints when compared with other bottleneck detection methods (Pehrsson 2013). The work in this ba
research
focused on applying the method to a complex production system in order to further explore the SCORE methods ability to id
Purpose
opportunities Thetopurpose
increaseofthe thisthroughput
paper includes two interconnected
of a production objectives.
system.NorthStar The first
Battery is to provide
Company (NSB) awishes
reconceptualisation
to perform a bottl of s
constraint
optimization alleviation.
in order to The
findsecond is to respond
improvements to the call
to increase theput forward by
throughput with Giuliani
10%. By and Macchi
using the(2014)
SCOREto produceimprovement
method, synergies be
exploring
meet the goalsthe development impact of businesses.
of NSB was identified. It also facilitatedThe paperfor the focuses
authoron to ideas
further from the global
exploit value chain/global
the possibilities production o
of simulation-based n
and humanthrough
extraction rights, corporate
the SCOREsocial method.Byresponsibility
building(CSR), a valid international
discrete event business (IB) and
simulation model (social)
of the entrepreneurship
production line and literatures.
use it fo
Design/methodology/approach
knowledge extraction, it was possible The paper offers
to identify thea reconceptualisation
top three constraintsofand social
thevalue
level creation by building
of improvement neededon the synergies
in the constr
Process
limitations
identified improvement
improvements techniques
of existing concepts are common
identified
could potentially through
increasein manufacturing
the
theliterature
throughput andof industry.
review. Findings
the production Overthe linepast
The few decades
reconceptualisation
by 10-15 percent.Thethese principles
ofproject
social washa
value dc
select
paper
finishinghealth
part care
contributes of the settings.
to production Thisline
the literature article
inand
the reviews
following
only one the Plan,ItDo,
way.
battery Study,
offers
variant ahas and
useful
been Act
and cycle, Six Sigma,of
clear definition
included. Through the
theSystem
term work
continued of Profound
social Knowle
and(Devinney,
analysis of2
constraints.
limitations
method it will ofSpecific
the
most process
constraint
likely improvement
be concept
possible as
to put
eventools
forward in health
further by Tedcare
increase Londonandthroughput
the radiology
and are presented
his collaborators
of the in the
(London,
production order and
2011).
system the radiologist
Furthermore,
to provide it issket
NSB like
w
improvement
two-system
opportunities project.
approach
to enhance to allow
their for the differentiation
production effectiveness. between symptom treatment and root cause alleviation. Finally, it offers
(2012) proposed capability-based remedial action concept. The paper furthermore proposes that there are three distinct way
This paperrespond
generally has been to invited to be published
social constraints. by the SpringerLNBIP
Originality/value The paperseries/2014
illustrates andhowso, it the is redefined
an improved version
concept from those
of social valuev
presentation
bodies of literatureat the andFifthhelp
Pre-ICIS
make workshop
sense ofon ES Research,
existing empirical St results,
Louis/USA 2010 engaging
without [1]. The paper considersdebates.
in definitional some challenges and
Information and Knowledge/Wise Societies and Sociotechnical Systems. After a brief and innovative panorama on the inform
societies and sociotechnical system we present the core of this work: challenges and reflections related with our society and
challenges and reflections has been proposed answers such as: treatment of the organization as a living being synergism
Theory
research ofefforts
constraints hasshared
a unfair been commonly
leadership, used in production
information systems
partnership and to aimprove productivity.
collaborative Since in
relationship thetheimprovement
age of knowledge on an
have impact on
development, its downstream
which comprises the servers,
social, finding the true
economical, bottleneck
cultural is not trivial inspheres
and environmental a stochastic leadingproduction
us to a new line.model
Due toofthe a
perc
general
world & tandem queues, crisis
present financial we develop
the futuremethods to quantify
Those questioning the dependence
are still openamong stations
to create through and
new insights simulation.
interests. Dependence
contribution queue time at each station, and contribution factors are developed based on the insight from Friedmans reduc
networks. In a tandem queue, the dependence among stations can be either diffusion or blocking, and their impact depends
E-commerce
the bottlenecks. has been
Basedthe on mainstay
these results, of e-economy
we show that with improving
the advancement of internet.
the performance of Worldwide
the systemgrowth bottleneckof e-commerce
may not behas theb
2010.
reduceItsystem
is high cycle
time thattime.MENARather nations
than makingdevelopindependence
good policies assumptions,
on e-commerce, theand review method
proposed those dynamically
points out due to rapidly
a promising dirc
taking
insightsinto
of theaccount the interplay
dependence of the driving
in practical systems forces. In broad terms, the driving forces in e-commerce comprise high qualit
given the culture. Services include availability, reliability and performance of web services infrastructure and institutional fra
of goods and efficient online payment services across currencies, borders and languages. Social trust includes creditworthin
An improved
marketing DBR scheduling
strategy alignmentmethod with theiscultureproposed of thebased on discrete
society encompassingsystem traits,simulation
norms, method.
habits,The simulation
hedonic modelgenera
motivation, is esta
resources and determine
are technological aspects the buffer.
as well The improved
as cultural aspects. simulated
In orderannealing
to promote is e-commerce
used to optimize in MENA and determine
countries, this the DBRstudycontrol
suggest pa
results
aspectsconfirm
can be the accuracy
addressed andthe
using validity
theory of of
presented
constraints method.
as proposed by Goldratt in his book The Goal, and the cultural as
developments for online marketing, webpage design and communications. The cultural aspects of some MENA countries are
such as Hofstedes cultural dimensions, Halls cultural patterns, and Trompenaars dimensions of culture. This study further i
attributes can influence the adoption of e-commerce in MENA countries. Ultimately, there is the need to develop expressive
can be assigned objective semantics which can substitute face-to-face cues to derive trust.
This paper presents an initial research that explores the awareness and adoption of Lean Manufacturing (LM), Lean Six Sigm
Manufacturing (QRM) and Theory Of Constraints (TOC) in the Greek engineering sector. An exploratory and descriptive study
webbased questionnaire survey designed and validated. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 300 engin
From the 300 questionnaires, 47 responses were obtained and the data analysed using descriptive statistics. In general term
Greek engineering organisations are relatively unaware of the examined operations improvement approaches, and thus their
The aimorofnon-existent
limited this paper isat toall.
implement
This research TOC in forging area
constitutes in which the
a document of highconstraints
value and prevents
a reason theforthroughput
great concern of thefor system
the Gree to
reduce
obtain an errors.
overview Manyof quality
the Greek improvement
organisations (QI) approaches
operationalhave a limitedin
performance evaluation
terms of the of the factors
extent in thethey
at which selection
employ of improve
QI proj
(TOC)
addition,hasthisbeen proposed
study offers as a remedyresearchers
academics, for the better and selection
practitioners of QI interested
projects. The strategic Thinking
in operations improvement Processes methods (TP) of with Theory
som
struggle
adoption an and enormous
development problem of LM, facedLSS,by QRM organizations.
and TOC in The Greece. paper proposes an improvement of TOCbased TP in one of the l
India to identify and overcome the system constraints in the business. The result shows that the TOC-TP identifies the produ
The theory
suggests of constraints
measures is an approach
to improve the system. forThe production
researchplanning is applicable and control, which emphasizes
to any production house inon the constraints
which product quality in theredu sys
The theory of This
organization. constraints
is the firstis often
time referred
that the to as Drum-Buffer-Rope
theory of constraints philosophy developed hasoriginally
been used by Goldratt.
to maximize Drum-Buffer-Rope
the productionuses throu th
create
makes a schedule
significantbased on the finite
contribution to thecapacity
production of the first bottleneck.
processes where anyone Because can of measure
complexity theofperformance
the job shopofenvironment,
the organizatio Dr
management has very little attention to job shop environment. The objective of this paper is to apply the Drum-Buffer-Rope t
environment using a Markov chain analysis to compare traditional method. Four measurement parameters were considered
Purpose
advantage ItofisDrum-Buffer-Rope
important to advance approach operationscompared management
with traditional (OM) knowledge
one. while being mindful of the theoretical develop
purpose of this paper is to explore which theoretical perspectives have dominated the OM field. This analysis allows the auth
and gaps in the literature and to identify fruitful areas for future research. A reflection on theory is also practical, given that i
important questions and enlightens OM practitioners. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide an analysis of
the last 30 years. The study encompasses three decades of OM publications across three OM journals and contains an analys
Purpose
to identify which
The purpose theories, of this
overpapertime, is haveto address
been adopted the issue by of supplyinmanagement
authors order to understand coordination among aFindings
OM topics. prominent The contact
auth
carton
studiessupplier (first tier),empirical,
are atheoretical, and paperboard and focussed supplier (second
upon theory tier).
testingAdopting
ratherconcepts
than on theorywithin the theory of swift
development. Some and even flow,
theories, suc
physical (material)
and contingency and information
theory, have an enduring flow among relevancethesewithinsupplyOM. partnersThe authorsto ensure alsohigher
identify productivity
theories from through timely productio
psychology, econom
cartons, which behavior
organizational reduced the thatlead-times
may, in the and inventory
future, have levels
salience at totheexplain
three companies
burgeoninginOM thisresearch
supply chain.
areas such Design/methodolo
as servitization
uses a longitudinal
Research case study (action
limitations/implications The research
study makes (AR)), awhich novelcombines
contribution qualitative
by exploringand quantitative
which main analyses.theories have Observations
been adopt ov
In
so this study,
contracts, joint
by systematically the implementation
agreements,
analyzing meeting of the
articles theory
agendas
from theandof constraints
threeminutes,
main journals (TOC) rules
personal thefor job-shop
inconversations,
field systems
and
(the Journal in-depth to advance
interviews
of Operations thewere state
Management, of resea
mainly us
Prod
is investigated.and
measurement
Management, ofMost theprevious
operational studies
performance.
International have of
Journal applied
Findings
Operationsthe TOC Theand concepts
complete
Production and rulesto
solution toeliminate
Management), simplewhich process
waste flows,
and
encompass butthree
improve thethe nature
existing
decades of of
jobsO
complexity
the
focusordering
the study,toprocess
scheduling. solution
the authors The incurrent
may thehave formrules of of
missed thumb
service for scheduling
level
important models.
OM articles Thebased
inresults
otheronof thetheTOC
journals. study are implemented
proved
Practical supply for a case
management
implications study in t
coordi
A reflection
number
because of
approach insimulation
reducing
theories inform scenarios
inventory, are
how a researcher discussed,
reducing the providing
safety
or practicing stock insights
at the buyers
manager into thefacility,
interprets master production
improving
and solves schedule
the
OM problems. forecasts, (MPS),
This theallows
lowering
study drum-buffe
the produ
the a
method,
collectivethe
establishing OMan role of setup
information
journey times
to date, toinspot
system scheduling,
throughout
trends and the
the impact
three
gaps of free
in tiers
the of the products
literature, supplyand(those
chain. thatOriginality/value
to identify do not use
fruitful areasconstraint The resources)
for future paper draws
research. onupo thr
Or
In the authors
priority
echelon
authors rules
supply
are in experience,
aware,resource
chain in the
there has students
assignment
manufacturing
not been have
toan free difficulty
products.
industry.
assessment inCombining
understanding
Moreover,
of the main this the differences
optimization
triadic
theoretical focus withbetween
techniques
perspectives are
action-based production
in used
OM. to find
research
The planning
optimal
research makes alsoand
and/oracontro
sat
itidentifie
uniqu
current
variables
insights business
in the
into
in OM journals, theand managers,
simulation
issue although
experiment.
of coordination
which theories arethey Ourhave
among
adopted findings
supplyheard
to about
suggest
chain
investigate these
that
membersthem. systems,
the current
and
The may
rules
consequent
authors also
also lack clarity
of thumb
performance
reflect should on
on whether the
be differences
modified
outcomes. the most forcitedbetween
real-worl
pape
games
job-shop forsystems.
paper awards simulating production
Author
are theoretical. Thisruns
Affiliation: in four
Management
gives systems
the authors a (Materials
Sciencericher and Requirements
Information
understanding Planning,
Systems
of the Just-In-Time,
Department,
current OMTheory
state ofUniversity research. ofofMassachusett
Constraints a
managers
Article History: and students
Received 18 insight
May into2014 theAccepted
mechanics 12 of different
March 2015production planning control techniques. We then provide exc
allow users to vary parameters for each system and see the impact on inventory and throughput. We believe that the combi
Integrated
based games agri-industrial
significantlysystems enhances (IAISs), such as sugarcane
understanding of the systems supplyas andwell processing systems, are complex systems and henc
as their differences.
understand and manage. The large number factors in IAISs coupled with the complex interrelationships among the factors m
the points of intervention for improving their overall performance. Several approaches, such as the network theory and the T
been used to identify important factors in systems with variations in success. This paper demonstrates a primary influence v
and ranking the factors that drive the performance of IAISs. The approach is based on comprehensive causal network analys
Purpose
relativelydiverse
The purpose large-scaleof thissugarcane
paper is to investigate
milling operationsand understand
in South Africa. the differences
Results from thattheexist between
analyses wereeducational
found to beinstitut consis
practices employed in
external knowledge of the development
milling areas as and atimplementation
the time of the of study.LeanItprojects.
is concluded Whilst thatmanythe Higher
approach Education
can proffer Institutions
a sound (HE bas
journey
problems towards
in systems effectively
can beimplementing
identified on an Lean, Further
ongoing Education
basis. Institutions
It is, however, (FEIs) have that
recommended treaded this well worn
the approach should pathbe many
system y
aim of this
relevant paper is
methods to find
that what to
are used key features
analyse and issues
complex systems.FEIs have Article put in place to assist them in implementing Lean projects
ahead-of-print.
from such institutions. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies two research methods in an attempt to understa
Aiming at the deficiency
the institutions and hence ofunderstand
magnitude the of business
key features constraints
that can and behigh
usedcomplexity, a constraints
to better implement Leandetection
initiatives. method is propoa
First, through
discussion
authors employ on AspectOriented
a low-level form programming
of Group Consensus (AOP), including
Theory in itsan concept,
attemptthought,to understanddevelopment, and advantage
the organisational dynamics in handling
surrou
followed
This is used by description
to understand of the theoryLean
whether of constraints.
improvement Furthermore,
teams within combined AOP withsuch
FEIs implement first-order
initiativeslogicwith
language,
the autonomya schema and on
constraints
management. in requirement
Second, the analysis same group is presented,
members,which detailed is simple
interviews and werepracticable,
held in thusordermaking
to identifyoptimalfurtherdesigns
and more for improving
specific
application
and techniques of the method on
employed in themanagement
implementation system of of
Leanhotel is given,inwith
initiatives both satisfactory
HEI and FEIs. results. Findings The study found that a
Management
experience in of the patient
design, records
development in a hospital is of major importance,
and implementation for its impact
of Lean initiatives, theboth on the quality
organisational of care and
infrastructure and ondynamic
the ass
process
FEIs wasisless circular, the prevention
well embedded in to of thethe building
culture of theup respective
of bottlenecks is especially
institutions than important.
first thought Thus,
and,the thatobjective
Lean had of been
this paper
develow
Theory of Constraints (TOC) can be useful to the logistics of medical
consultancy-based approach and around a tool-driven mentality. It was seen that whilst HEIs were generally slower in getting records in hospitals. The paper is based on a case study
2011
to be period in the Medical
more enthusiasm andRecords
willingness Logistics
to drive Service
such at the Hospital
initiatives forward Universitario
and in a more Virgen Macarenaand
systematic in Seville
holistic(Spain).
mannerFrom evenAp t
the
wereclinical
in their record logistics
very early stages system were implemented
of implementation. based on
Research the application of TOC principles.
limitations/implications Whilst thisThe workresults
provides obtained show
key inform
The
levellack of timely
of service
are implemented and access
employee
across to diagnosis
different productivity, and treatment
institution as well as
types, the for
awork sleep
reductionhas disorders
of cost
only isand
looked wellthe
at described,
number
a very small but
of little attention
patients
sample ofcomplaints.
two teachinghas been paid t
focused
system
will need constraints
to be extended contributemuchtomore longwidely
waitingtotimes. The objectives
incorporate a larger set of this study
of HEIs were
(both to identify
research andsystem
teaching constraints
focused) leading in order
multidisciplinary
map of Lean development sleep centre, and toPractical
in HEIs. use patient flow simulation
implications The aim modelling
of the to test is
paper solutions
to provide thatLeancould improve
project leadersaccess. Discr
in HEIs w
of patient flow were constructed using historical data from 150 patients
insights towards the cultural and organisation dynamics that exist in educational institutions other than HEIs in order to assis referred to the sleep centre, and used to both exami
and
and to
more testcomprehensive
alternative system Leanconfigurations
programmes. that were predictedby
Originality/value Thisadministrators
paper is the first to reduce waiting
of its kind times.the
to study Four possible so
organisationa
The theorywith
compared of constraints
baseline, (TOC) is aaddition
including relatively of new
capacity management
to different philosophy,
areas at especially
the sleep to theand
centre marketing
elimination function,
of which reco
prioritization
exist between differing educational institutions in their approaches towards the implementation of Lean and business improv
constraints
adding limit the performance of a system fromand that proposes to ainitial
unique methodology (a process but of five focusing steps (FFS
featuresphysician
highlighted capacity
in thisimproved
work raise time
important patient
issuesreferral
regarding the need physician appointment,
and importance of developingworsened team time from poly
dynamics aro
constraints)
test completion, and and set of had measures
no effect(throughput,
on time from inventory,
patient referraland operating to treatment expenses). We show
initiation. Adding how Mental Health
respiratory therapist Services
did not (ter i
was able towith
compared apply the said
baseline. frameworktriage
Eliminating to systematically
prioritizationimprove worsened thetimedegree of marketassessment
to physician orientation and (MO) and thereby,
treatment significa
initiation for
performance
improving waiting measured timesin terms This
overall. of billable
study products/services
demonstrates thatprovided discrete-event while ensuring
simulation stakeholders',
can identifyfor example,
multiple employees
constraints in a
This paper
systems and discusses an application
allow suggested solutions of theto be TOC-based
tested before framework to improve The
implementation. MO,modelboth external
of this sleepand internal, in a not-for-profi
centre predicted that inv
MHS institute.
expansion TOC measures
proposed encourage
by administrators the MHS
would institute's
not reduce the employees
time to a clinically across functional
meaningful areas
patientto work together and find inn
outcome.
flow of customers instead of cutting or containing costs. The TOC methodology, using the FFS-based improvement process, r
policy constraints within the MHS institute, and their successful resolution improves revenues, customer care, employee sati
constraint resource utilization. However, empirical research is needed to develop strong theory explaining the (mediation/mo
between MO and TOC. Furthermore, there is a need to introduce Evaporating Clouds to initiate new acceptable process impro
Classic intention, which pursues the management of any company is to improve the quality and competitiveness of its own
end to speed up the receiving of profit. Such an implementation is primarily made possible by optimizing production process
processes are influenced by various factors that may lead to deviations from the process requirements. Management of proc
counteract such change in the process.Processes that are not managed, can lead to the production of a large number of defe
the detection of nonconformity, causing significant damage and lead to disruption of production schedules. It is important to
Purpose The purpose
of management of this
and control, paper is
capable ofto explore use
detecting of the in
variations Theory of Constraints
the process as early(TOC) approach
as possible in addressing
so you traffic cong
can take corrective ac
impediment
a large number to improving
of defective utility of the To
products. land transportation
optimize production systems.
processes The in
observed element is the
quality assurance a motorway
following segment
systems withhaveregu bee
Constraints, Lean, Six Sigma. Typically, As thethese
literature
systemsaddressing
are used this topic is rare
separately. or nonexistent,
However, this studyand
their combination employs exploratory
comprehensive u
theory
efficientthrough
and can thegivegeneration
a much betterof newresult.As
ideas and assumptions
a rule, first by usingforming grounded
Theory picture as
of Constraints a base
(TOC) thefor further investigation.
bottleneck is defined we
concludes
of improving thatof the
the most
qualitybinding constraint
and efficiency ofisthe
broken
company in the third
and out increasing.
profit of the TOCThenfive steps and that
Lean tools managethe improvement
this area. Andinthe theng
Total
whichquality
allowsmanagement
transportation system
you (TQM)
is possible
to receive principles
to be achieved
a significant have using
increase been
in thepracticed
this for more
framework.
effectiveness than five decades,
andOriginality/value
efficiency using and
Although
of production various
the models.
merits
profit.Each ofofIt
usehasofbee
these TO
te
the
otherGlobal
complexthan Fortune
usage 100 companies
just production-planning
is important and a few
environments,
in managing emerging
the quality Indian multinational
itsofapplication
processes in
andland companies that
transportation
products. systemsthe interplay
has neverofbeen factors of compe
examined. T
translates
rare, if not into sustainable
the only attemptadvantage,
to make use only
of when the people
this unique theory dimension, which enables
that is systematised in theflexibility
systems of competitive paradigm
management quality prac w
and allowed freedom
transportation systems. to manifest itself through an engaged leadership driven process. This chapter is based on experience
represent community of ASQ in India, involved in facilitating the capability development of organizational processes and peo
In the past
global few yearsincluding
organizations and decades manythere havecompanies.
Fortune been majorFlexi-quality
efforts to optimize production
capability based onby methods
flexible such as
systems Lean Manufactu
management prac
methods
with TQMwith success
practices in theaproduction
through structuredarea,
focusthe on Lean
human philosophy spilled over to
capital development, theother areassource
ultimate such as of administration,
differentiation that health
lea
industry.
layers of Especially
the organizationwith Lean
to dealConstruction
proactively helpful methods were
and successfully withdeveloped
accelerated to reduce
change.waste in the organization
This chapter gives a highof the view
level insta
industrial companies,
practices with particularly
some learnings from theofEngineer-to-order
in context Indian companies. (ETO) sector, have great difficulties to interlock with each othe
manufacturing and installation on-site. Thus, this paper describes a holistic Lean Enterprise approach to avoid waste in the w
This paper introduces
synchronizing a new
all activities frameworkengineering,
throughout that allows continuous
production and improvement
the executionfor the reliability
phase on-site.of production process and pro
framework allows engineers with less effort to define and measure failures of production processes, also enable to analyse th
by identifying the most critical operations in the process that influence on Key Performance Indicator (KPI) such as throughpu
the received results, engineer can apply corrective actions and perform continuous improvement by performing daily monito
Current paper involves a basic concept of improvement methodology that followed by a framework development and its des
Implementation
study regarding this of renewable
research is energy
underprojects (RES) involves
consideration to implement very complex processes
the framework andwhich are the
visualize based on the
results. Thelatest creativea
framework
solutions
production teaching
lead time practitioners
and increase of this multidisciplinary
product throughput KPI field.
with The need
less for a complex
expenditures. Thistransfer of knowledge
new framework at the administr
also integrates variou
and
Sigmatechnological
DMAIC, FMEA, level of RES
TOC, FC, projects,
swim-lineconstitute
diagram. prerequisites for success in projects implementation of this type. The pres
creative educational methods for implementing investment projects in renewable energy using a combination of methods of
bottleneck situations in the management of certain flows within the supply chain of the RES implementation projects, the pa
Due
Ropeto global competitive,
philosophy. In order tocountries
underlinestriving for economic
the effectiveness in growth and competitive
fast obtaining advantage
and implementing theare focusing
right solutionson manufacturing
along the lifec
with
papervendor managed
illustrates inventory
the steps of Theorypolicy. The aims areThinking
of Constraints to reduce costs,(TOCTP)
Process eliminate waste, shorten
integration lead time
by problem and enhance
diagnosing, designingcompe t
lean manufacturing
integrating the solutionswith VMI
plan(Vendor
throughManaged Inventory) toof
the conceptualization shorten
adequate leaddiagrams
time andcommunication
reduce inventories. within The study
these alsoof
types applie
proj
5W1H (who, when, where, which, what, how much) techniques to identify bottleneck and suggest continuous improvements
supply chain management. The objective is to develop a framework to improve overall efficiency and ensure profitable busin
Manufacturing systems are constrained by one or more bottlenecks. Reducing bottlenecks improves the entire system. Findin
difficult task. In this study, a new bottleneck detection method based on theory of constrains and sensitivity analysis is prese
disadvantages of existing bottleneck identification methods for a job shop. First, a bottleneck index matrix is obtained by exa
system production performance to the capacity of each machine. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutio
calculate the comprehensive bottleneck index of each machine. Based on the calculation result, bottleneck machine clusters
Every production
are obtained throughplanning conceptcluster
hierarchical that incorporates
analysis. The controlled
designedorder release will
identification initially as
approach, withhold jobs from
a prior-to-run the shop
method, canfloor
identian
Order
clusters release
underisdifferent
a key component
hierarchiesofbeforethe Workload
the overallControl
system concept that aims
circulation, to maintain
thereby providing workinprocess
good guidancewithin limits whilepre
for subsequent
Order
Finally,release
a set ofincludes
job-shop two decisions:problem
scheduling (i) a sequencing
benchmarks decision that establishes
with different scales isthe order in
selected forwhich jobs arebetween
comparison considered the for
proporel
decision
approaches, thatsuch
determines
as, the the criteria
shifting for choosing
bottleneck jobs for
detection release.
method, theWhile selection
bottleneck has received
detection methodmuch based research attention,
on orthogonal seq
experi
neglected. Using simulation,
cluster identification method.this study uncovers
By comparison, thethe potential
proposed for performance
approach is proven improvement
to be crediblein thesuperior.
and sequencing decision and
Constraint
of how order programming
release methods is a paradigm
should bewherein designed.relations
Although between variables
most prior are apply
studies statedtimeoriented
in the form ofsequencing
constraints.rules Many andrealloal
uncertain and dynamic
analysis reveals that load environments, where the initial
balancing considerations constraints
should and domainsin
also be incorporated may
thechange
sequencing during its execution.
decision. But an Thus, the
exclusive
problem
shown tomay become
increase meaninvalid. The search
tardiness for robust solutions
and, paradoxically, require forhigh constraint
workloads. satisfaction problemsrule
A new sequencing (CSPs) has become
is developed anonly
that imp
constraint
orders become programming. In somehigh
urgent. It avoids cases,
mean there exists knowledge
tardiness and allows aboutthe shop thetouncertain
operate and at a dynamic
low workloadenvironment.
level. At theIn other
samecas tim
unknown
reduced by or up
hard
to to50%obtain.
comparedIn thistopaper,
a purely we timeoriented
consider CSPsrule. with The
discrete andhave
findings ordered domains where
implications not only changes only involve
for Workload Controlre
Competition
domains
features order between
releasemanufacturing
or constraints. To this such
control, end, aswecompanies
model
Con is constantly
andCSPs as weighted
DrumBufferRope. increasing
CSPs (WCSPs)and thisbycauses
assigninghighweights
demands on product
to each valid tuplequality
of tha
in time. For
domains. companies
The weight ofto eachbe able
validto reach
tuple these on
is based goals it is necessary
its distance from the to work withofdevelopment
borders the space of and validcontinuous
tuples in the improveme
correspo
current
distancepace of the market.
is estimated by a new Thisconcept
can be achieved
introduced inin different
this paper:ways, but a common
coverings. Thus, the method is to work
best solution forwith
the improvement
modeled WCSP metca
improvement
robust solutionmethodologies
for the originalto useaccording
CSP depends to onthese
a companys
assumptions.manufacturing, knowledge, and resources. Many organisation
improvement methodologies for their particular organisation and ask the question: Which method is best suited for our org
study
Purpose
is to- examine
The purpose of this
whether andpaper
howisLean to explore use of
Production andthe Theory
Theory ofof Constraints
Constraints can(TOC) approach
be utilized in in addressing
companies with traffic cong
high-mix
impediment
performing ato improving
literature utilityand
review of the
a caselandstudy
transportation
the following systems. The observed
questions have beenelement
answered: is a 1)
motorway
how Lean segment
production withandreguT
utilized in a HMLV production system - As the and literature
how they addressing this topic is
can be combined, 2) rare
how orthenonexistent,
production thisflow study employs
is controlled exploratory
according to L
theory through
Constraints the generation
to improve of new of
the efficiency ideas and assumptions
a production process forming
in a HMLV grounded
company, picture as apersonal
3) what base for paradigms
further investigation.
and policysFi
that the most
Production andbinding
Theoryconstraint
of Constraintsis broken
in HMLV in the third outand
company of the
whatTOC'
thefive steps and
relationship that thethese
between improvement
and quality in the
is. given
Results segm
from
transportation
case study show system is possible
that Lean to beand
Production achieved
its toolsusing
are this framework.
possible to use in Originality/value
a combination -with Although
Theory the
of merits of useinofHMLV
Constraints TOC c
other than just
exceptions. production-planning
However there is no exceptionsenvironments, saying its
thatapplication in land and
Lean Production transportation systems with
its tools combined has never
Theorybeen examined. cT
of Constraints
rare, if not the
companies. onlyexceptions
These attempt toonly make use to
need of be
thisadjusted
unique theoryfor HMLV that is systematised
production. in thealso
The results systems
showedmanagement paradigm
that standardized w
work
transportation
plays a crucial systems.
role when combining Lean production with Theory of Constraints. Standardized work contributes to facilitatio
implementation. The results show that the production flow can be adjusted using methods from Lean Production and Theory
is done best by combining these two methodologies. Furthermore, the results showed that in many cases new investments
In this study, the implementation of the theory of constraints (TOC) rules for job-shop systems to advance the state of resea
is investigated. Most previous studies have applied the TOC concepts and rules to simple process flows, but the nature of job
complexity to scheduling. The current rules of thumb for scheduling based on the TOC are implemented for a case study in t
number of simulation scenarios are discussed, providing insights into the master production schedule (MPS), the drumbuffe
method, the role of setup times in scheduling, the impact of free products (those that do not use constraint resources) on thr
TOC versus
priority rulesorder-up-to
in resourceinventory
assignment policy comparison
to free products.using the Beer
Moreover, Game scenario.
optimization techniquesKAOSaremethodology
used to find used to devise
optimal and/or the
sat
model.
variablesRobust
in theSW engineering
simulation and TDDOur
experiment. techniques
findings used
suggestto build model. Bottleneck
that the current rules of thumbmanaged
shouldthrough DBR methodology
be modified for real-worl
shop retailer.
job-shop TOC philosophy leads the supply chain to a significant decrease of Bullwhip Effect. In the current environment,
systems.
(SCM) is a major concern for businesses. The Bullwhip Effect is a proven cause of significant inefficiencies in SCM. This paper
Constraints (TOC) to reduce it. KAOS methodology has been used to devise the conceptual model for a multi-agent system, w
The
with paper begins
the well knownwith discussion
Beer on Aspect-Oriented
Game supply chain exercise. programming (AOP),
Our work brings including
evidence its TOC,
that concept,
withthought, development,
its bottleneck managemen and
crosscutting concerns,
BufferRope (DBR) followed byinduces
methodology, description of the improvements.
significant theory of constraints.
OpposedFurthermore, combined
to traditional AOP with
management first-order
policies, linkedlogic
to th
detection
paradigm,of TOCthesystemic
businessapproach
constraints in requirement
generates analysis is and
large operational presented, which
financial is simple
advantages forand practicable,
each thus
node in the making
supply optiw
chain,
software
collateralrobustness.
effect.
This study aimed to present the robustness evaluation of job-shop scheduling based on Theory of Constraints (TOC) concept
demand variations using simulation technique. The performance of schedule based on TOC and traditional method (minimizi
terms of schedule robustness and performance. Simulation test scenarios were carried out by applying different distributions
case problems as single and double bottlenecks cases. In addition, demand variation was added to the simulation test at the
the system variation. The results showed that the schedule based on TOC concept was superior to the schedule from traditio
Traditional
variation inplanning methodstime
both processing ignore
andthe enterprise
demand wereproduction capacity,
increased and the paper system
the production dependwas
on the specific
more case in as
complicated enterprise
can be o
Production Scheduling
double bottlenecks System which applies Drum-Buffer-Rope theory. This system proposes the high output, low work in pro
case.
the goals, considering the bottleneck resource as well as providing the master production plan with the bottleneck resource,
simulation optimization software-Simio to optimize the bottleneck process scheduling and raise the utilization ratio of bottlen
Tech Publications, Switzerland.
This article covers the issues of process splitting analysis and their introduction in optimization algorithms for formation of c
metallurgical enterprise, which allows revealing additional reserves for the companys profit growth and creating conditions
The characteristics of waste electrical appliances and the current existing problems and difficulties product are pointed out. T
effective output as a measure of enterprise logistics capability standard, is established using theory of constrains. The corres
and the parameters in the model is set. Through converting multiple objective program problems to target problems, and us
calculate the examples results, and WITNESS software is used to simulate the real environment network operation.
The autoclave moulding process of composites is characterized by reentrance, capacity and time constraints. Its scheduling
and production cycle of composites. Scheduling methods in the existing literature can't meet the requirements of its schedul
improving utilization and reducing energy consumption of autoclave, based on the Theory of Constraints, a heuristic algorith
and time constraints is proposed to solve the scheduling problem, and priority scheduling rules are established. The studying
effectiveness of the algorithm.
The purpose of this study was to establish factors affecting management of public funds set for development projects in loca
focused on the management of Local Authority Transfer Fund (LATF), which is a Kenyan Government fund. This study investig
government policy, leadership style, capacity of implementation and monitoring and evaluation on the management of the L
literature review explored various theories within the ambit of the above variables. This was in a bid to anchor our study to e
theories. The study was carried out in duration of six months. It adopted a descriptive research design as this design helps to
The Theory of
phenomena atConstraints
hand. Data (TOC), of E. Goldratt,
was collected encloses an
using structured unfulfilled promise,
questionnaire and analyzedthat ofusing
the redemption
quantitativeofmethods.
the American man
The quest
the reason
sample of its quick
which success,
comprised butemployees
of 63 also the causewho of its subsequent
were solely concerneddecadence.with LATFTheprograms
paper analyses
within the
the success
eight localof the TOC
authoriti
framework
Kenya. The provided
data wasby theoriesand
collected about fadsEach
edited. and fashions in management,
questionnaire was inspected andtoconcludes that TOC is well
ensure completeness, adapted to the eco
comprehensiveness a
the
dataUSA
wasinthen
the tabulated
eighties, but
andremains
coded to ill-suited for the
be analyzed tendencies
using affectingData
SPSS program. modernwas societies
analyzedand using organisations
descriptive and in the long run
inferential
generated were tabulated, interpreted and conclusions drawn. The results indicated that government policies, leadership s
Purpose - The purpose
implementation, of thisand
monitoring paper is to improve
evaluation affect the
the productivity
management ofof
a large-sized
LATF programs frozen chicken
carried out manufacturer in Thailand.
by Local Authorities in theI
process based on work study principles and identifies the bottleneck operation. It develops three models for the chicken prep
Design/methodology/approach - First, analyse the current production system by collecting the cycle time of all operations in
on work study principles. Then, design the production network and identify the bottleneck operation. After that, three metho
(LB), theory of constraints, and JIT concepts or ECRS (eliminate, combine, rearrange and simplify) - are proposed and implem
Bottlenecks
production line.inhibit the performance
Findings of companies.
- With the ECRS concept, the Up authors
to now, bottleneck
implement management
combine by combiningresearch hastwoconcentrated
stations into one on manuf
statio
neglecting
weighing, or product design
weighing batterand engineering
and processes.
mixing it with chicken. This research
Then, fillsisthis
Simplify gap through
implemented at developing and testingchicken
job E, or transporting of a new bo
usin
concept for product
This method designthe
can improve and engineering
cycle time andprocesses.
reduce theThe new concept
number is developed
of employees. using a system
It can increase the linetheory modelling
efficiency by up to appr
94
bottleneck management
number of employees by counter measures.
14 persons, Two propositions
and reduce the labour cost were bydeveloped to test theOriginality/value
356,160 baht/year. concept through- an Mostevent-discrete
agro-industrys
simulation is grounded
are labour intensive. on empirical
Thus, productiondataLB from three
can help design-driven
increase companies
productivity and tests
and reduce costs.theThe
impact of the
authors foundfourthat
bottleneck
the casema s
Good
on theproduction
performance
production planning
line without and replenishment
of product
aligning design
it withand management
the engineering
production are A
processes.
network. important
The findings
simple for a firm
fromto
improvement keep
the
can competitive
simulation
be madeconfirm in the
themarket.
by adjusting The t
applicability
the sequen
chain replenishment
bottleneck
the current concept
productiontosystem
improve (TOC-SCRS)
line was the is a replenishment
notperformance method
of productofdesign
lean. Implementation the under
and
ECRS the to
engineering
concept TOC philosophy.
processes.
improve InIndoing
productionthecan
application
so,reduce of the
this research
the TOC
stud
waiting
chain, the replenishment
management for the first frequency
time from (RF) and the reliable
manufacturing replenishment
to product design and time (RRT) areprocesses.
engineering required parameters. Generally, the R
public transportation schedule such as ship schedules or its private conveyor schedule. If this node is a plant, however, the R
frequency in this plant, and a higher RF (i.e., once a day) is preferred by the TOC because of lower inventory and quick respo
requirement. Basically, the RF in a plant is determined by its sales or production quantity. When sales increase significantly,
be elongated from higher frequency (i.e., once a day) to lower frequency (i.e., once every two or more days) due to the limit
level replenishment frequency model for the TOC-SCRS under capacity constraint is proposed. This model is especially suitab
different products have a large sales volume variation. Numerical examples are utilized to evaluate the application of the pro
this proposed methodology will facilitate a plant or a central warehouse to implement an effective TOC-SCRS successfully.
The demand for customization is gradually increasing given that recycled materials no longer meet customer demands for n
needs of a particular customer may require release of numerous new materials and recycled materials to minimize both tota
CO2 emissions. The lot-sizing production-to-order problem is to optimize the lot size for each potential lot release. This study
between new materials and recycled materials under varying production cost, machine yield and capacity and energy consu
linear programming (FMOLP) models are used to analyze factors in the relative cost-effectiveness and CO2 emissions. The pr
cost-effectiveness and(TOC), with its five
CO2 emissions andsteps for constraint
integrates elimination,
multi-component andis multi-machine
viewed as a continuous
functions improvement process.
for remanufacturing Th
sys
methodology
can help managers is to identify
during the constraint.
decision making Inbya lean environment,
enabling systematic this step is of
analysis not
thealways trivial.
potential This thesis proposes
cost-effectiveness three new
of recoverable
The first Ltd.
Elsevier method, Flowreserved.
All rights Constraint Analysis, takes a holistic view and evaluates whether the customer's demand is being satis
by comparing the takt times and the cycle times of resources in the manufacturing system in order to identify the constraint
Effective Utilization Analysis, can be employed to pinpoint the location of the system constraint to a specific process or statio
This paper introduces
throughput is compared anagainst
application of thecapacity
the ideal Theory of theConstraints
system to product
locatemix
the heuristic to job
bottleneck. Thisscheduling
method is in a Hybrid
based on theFlexible
relati
heuristic is adapted
process (WIP), for unrelated
bottleneck rate andparallel machines
lead time and thework
for a constant algorithm is implemented
in process as a job The
(CONWIP) system. detailed
third scheduling tool Effec
method, Quick base
Theory
be usedofwhenConstraints
there is to schedule
little the production
or no historical based in thedata
line performance bottleneck resource.
available. The adaptation
The second step in TOCofisthe methodology
to decide how to to a fl
explo
there is parallelism
traditional option forinexploiting
the bottleneck stage,constraint
the system and its application in aexplored
will also be textile plant,
in thishelps to This
thesis. assign capacity
research based on
attempts to the contrit
perform
viable job scheduling
most from focused
the constraining on the without
resource profitability unit. Although
additional investment.the results do not reach the global optimum of this type of p
In
anda previous
effective paper in this journal
job scheduling namedinThe
alternative the TOC-Based Algorithm
contexts under study.for Solving Multiple Constraint Resources, Ray considere
approach named AHP/TOC comprising the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and theory of constraints (TOC) in a multiple con
problem. This paper gives three typical examples and points out that the proposed approach would not generate the optima
reasons are analyzed in terms of the ranking approach of product priority using AHP and the adjustment approach of produc
has been identified. We clarify the cases under which the AHP/TOC method can and cannot output the optimal solution. Final
elected manufacturing
improvements are given. industries in India. A model industry was chosen amid them and the assorted performance measure o
intended and the holdups of the system constraints were acknowledged. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) optimization techn
to the production flow line in order to pull up the system constraints and bottlenecks. To depict the important characteristics
for further experimentation, a robotic centered work cell was modeled for simulation study. Hollier product grouping and Bu
been done for the job allocation in various machines as part of work cell formation. Economic project viability was analyzed a
of maneuver is checked with driving and restraining analysis. The Petrinet theory was applied in modeling with an assumptio
of the robot and Poission process of the product flow.
The Theory of Constraints, devised by E. M. Goldratt and J. Cox, and popularised through the business novel The Goal, re
should be concentrating on. The key drivers - in priority order - are Throughput, Inventory and Operating Expense. The meta
to convey the premise that only by altering the bottleneck does a company increase Throughput, and ultimately deliver supe
all theories should be repeatable and transferable. The Goal was set in a fictitious U.S. manufacturing branch plant. Availa
almost without exception, companies who have applied the Theory have significantly improved profits. To realise this though
The task
identify of KEY
the developing andand
constraint managing production
work top-down systemsit.has
to elevate become
At the increasingly
next budget/ complex
project/ over the
investment/ years, andround,
cost-cutting currently,
are
changing demands
biggest problem and global
or spread the competition,
money around managers
all parts have
of thethe difficult Incremental
business? task of combining mass production
improvements across the efficiency withnot
board tend cu
craft production
convention, era. Accordingly,
Goldratts the enterprises
Theory of Constraints in the
offers Engineer-to-Order
competitive advantage, (ETO)
andCapital
as suchGoods Industrymanagement
is a valuable are exposed tool.
to very
and have pursued modern production management strategies to improve production flow and minimize the drawbacks inher
systems. This study investigates ETO Capital Goods Industry, also known as large assembly manufacturing system, aiming t
Manufacturing performance
joint implementation of lean improvement
manufacturing can be achieved
principles in several
and theory different ways.
of constraints usingOn the one hand,
appropriate the search
Ordering Systems forto
high effi
reduc
utilization in all system
increase delivery resourcesKeywords:
dependability. through balancing the capacity
Capital goods. Engineerof to
productive resources,
Order. Lean for example,
production. Theory ofisconstraints.
still a common pra
Orderin
companies. On the other hand, there are companies that adopt flow balancing practices in their production system, which pr
utilization only in the restrictive resources of the system, the bottlenecks. Given these possibilities, the main objective of this
manufacturing implications and differences between flow balancing and capacity balancing. An analysis identifying the varia
The objective
managerial of this making
decision paper isprocess
to presentwashow the Theory
carried of Constraints
out. A literature reviewhas onrecently been
this topic wasdealing with and
conducted, make to stock environ
subsequently, the
introduces
based on the interesting innovations
System Thinking in terms
approach. of the
This use of simplified
approach, among other Drum-Buffer-Rope
things, allows themethod as well as
identification of ways to pull productr
effect-cause-effect
produce
obtainedin advance of demand.
demonstrated points ofItconvergence
also innovatesand bydivergence
creating conditions
between for providing
these market
two views. opportunities
It was found that based
adoptingon manage
the exp
availability, hence itswith
balancing combined name: makepractices
certain to availability (MTA).balancing
of capacity Althoughcanit provides important
help increase contributions
the company to production
overall gains. planning a
directly addressed this issue have not been identified to date in both national and international journals.
The task of developing and managing production systems has become increasingly complex over the years, and currently, in
changing demands and global competition, managers have the difficult task of combining mass production efficiency with cu
craft production era. Accordingly, the enterprises in the Engineer-to-Order (ETO) Capital Goods Industry are exposed to very
and have pursued modern production management strategies to improve production flow and minimize the drawbacks inher
systems. This study investigates ETO Capital Goods Industry, also known as large assembly manufacturing system, aiming t
joint implementation of lean manufacturing principles and theory of constraints using appropriate Ordering Systems to reduc
increase delivery dependability.
Theory of Constraints, with its five steps for constraint elimination, is viewed as a continuous improvement process. This pap
potential use in the early planning stages, during the design of a manufacturing system. The constraint resource and its loca
with the constraint's location being anywhere in the system. Having the constraint in different locations (i.e., upstream or do
different behaviors of the system. The impact on a matured lean system with moving assembly line needs to be investigated
manufacturing system with a series of tandem moving assembly lines and single piece flow will be used to analyze different
constraints. Through discrete event simulation, the manufacturing system constraint will be moved to different locations to d
location of the constraint has on throughput.
The main objective of this article is to point a set of practical strategies that can be adopted to increase the capacity of cons
production systems, when the constraint is inside the factory and not is in the market. To serve this purpose will be presente
practices of the Theory of Constraints, Lean Manufacturing and Total Productive Maintenance. This article also presents the m
deployment of these methodologies. The survey results have provided an objective set of practical strategy that can be used
productivity of production systems according to the needs of each manufacturing system. [PUBLICATION ]
The main objective of this study is to analyse some points of convergence and divergence between the Theory of Constraint
an integrated manner for the continuous improvement of operating manufacturing systems. This research also aims to adva
the fundamental principles of such methodologies by performing a comparative analysis of critical issues. The focus of the d
review the literature to identify the mains similarities and differences between these two approaches when applied in an inte
systems. To conduct this research, we carry out a broad literature review of the state of the art on the topic of Operations Ma
study suggest that the Theory of Constraints and Six Sigma have many complementary elements that overlap and that a va
explored on this issue. As a result, this study conducts a comparative analysis of 28 critical criteria of the Theory of Constrain
understand these approaches. [PUBLICATION ]
It is essential to effective control plant inventory, improve production efficiency, reduce production cost and raise product de
that the fast and effective optimization software's application of magnetic multi-process coordination production planning. Th
integration of production planning problem to solve multi-process, multi-device, multi-stage's planning, which based on theo
planning problem takes enterprise benefit as goal and takes bottleneck resources in the production process as system constr
research result into optimization software of magnetic multi-process coordination production planning. The practical applicat
Products
demonstrates in thethe semiconductor manufacturing
design and development of industry usuallyfeasibility
this software's have characteristics
and necessity. of having short life-spans, volatility in dem
Applying the demand-pull approach and buffer management (DPBM) suggested by the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to manag
products does not efficiently respond to the unpredicted demand change thus could potentially result in either excessive inve
research proposed a new buffer adjustment mechanism to improve DPBM approach by applying the methodology of Exponen
Average (EWMA) to integrate the true demands and the rolling forecasts of market in order to make the stock replenishing d
In
datatodays
providedbusiness climate,
by a wafer the old
foundry in adage
Taiwantime is money
is analyzed has been expanded
to demonstrate to mean that
the effectiveness of thetime is competitive
proposed approach. weapon.
The stud To
quick
proposeddelivery
idea andcan good
indeed quality
keep a atlower
reasonable price.
inventory levelThusand toprovide
performa in a global
higher market,
service short in
standard lead times to
contrast arethe
essential to pro
traditional DP
Lead time in manufacturer point of view is the time elapse between placing of an order and the actually receipt of goods ord
components of lead time such as setup time, process time, move time and waiting time. This paper deals with review of vari
reduce lead time. Method study techniques use to examine current way of work and develop effective method base on elimi
This paper presents
and simplification of an in depthVarious
activities. study of problems
lean tools suchdueas to Single
outsourcingMinuteofExchange
manufacturing
of Diesoperations.
(SMED), 5S, Influencing
Poka-yoke,factors
Kanban, areJus
id
between them isJidoka,
Mapping (VSM), defined. The outsourcing
Cellular manufacturing problem is formulated
etc. helps in reducing usingleadlinear programming
time. Also Manufacturing(LP) andResource
analyticalPlanning
solution(MRPI
is de
(TOC) classic approaches (TOC). The model can
of Production facilitate
Planning and decision
Control (PPC) makers areinuse deciding
to reducewhich Workproducts to manufacture
in Process (WIP) and flow in- house
time. or
model assists decision makers by computing an operational ratio without solving LP problem. The final outsourcing TOC-LP m
and requires the calculation of few variables without sacrificing the accuracy.
Maximizing profitability is the primary goal of all business ventures. Without profitability the business will not survive in the l
Productivity always indicate step towards optimum utilization of resources and to be competitive in this Global market. Th
improving production of a Cut-to-length unit of an integrated steel Industry. In this case study, we have applied theory of Con
system constraints that are responsible for low production. Identification of Constraints has been done through Process mapp
Defined system. For Process mapping, time study has been conducted to establish the standard time for elemental activities
Purpose
processes - The
which purpose of this study
are represented is to enhance
through the output
Gantt chart. of a manufacturing
By analyzing Gantt chart, the set-up in phases,
activities which byare identifying
of criticalthe wastage
path and h
thereby,
improvement reducing them. Design/methodology/approach
are identified. We have suggested and implemented - Feasibilityideascheckingusingand optimization
resource of capacity
allocation, enhancement
re-engineering and waste of a
discussed.
resulted in Value
increase stream mapping
in overall (VSM) methodology
production capacity. We have has been also used as a data-driven
validated our suggestion decision-making
and results using tool simulation
to identify the co
throug
and subsequent
Microsoft states.
Excel 2010. TheThe future
case study state
hashas been
given anachieved
opportunity in stages
to the using VSM tooltoofutilize
Management lean manufacturing,
optimum nos. ofcoupled with the
the resources w
Theory
keep otherof Constraints.
resources as Anstandby,
exampleresulting
of an Indian
in thecompany
saving of has been added
manpower andto demonstrate
other operatingthe cost.suitability
This case of the approach.
study will give Fin
a
In the authors
approach experience,
addresses
of Re-engineering students
an important
& Resource have
issue of difficulty
phasedwhich
planning in understanding
increase will in in the
customer
results differences
demand
better and between
productivity the and
processproduction
cost of planning and
accommodating
reduction. contro
it throug
current business
of productive managers,
capacity although
at constraint they instead
points have heard about these
of enhancing thesystems,
capacity may at one alsogo.lack
Theclarity on theproblem
underlying differences between
of capacity e
games
addressed for simulating
using lean production
principles and runs in optimum
the four systemsfeasible(Materials
optionRequirements
has been designed Planning, Just-In-Time,
so that the increase Theory of Constraints
in cost is minimized a
managers and students
stepwise increase in demand.insight into thelimitations/implications
Research mechanics of different production - This research planning
work control techniques.
is applicable to the We then providesecto
manufacturing exc
allow
paperusers
proposes to vary parameters for each
a methodology phased system and see
upgrading of athe impact on
production inventory
flow-line and throughput.
in keeping with a steadyWe believe
increase thatinthe combi
customer
One-piece
based games
been applied flow in and kanban/pull
significantly
a phased enhances
manner, methods
and thehave
understandingbeenof
constraint used
the
in theto reduceas
systems
current work-in-process
wellas
state aswell
their (WIP)
eachand
asdifferences.
in flowtime in
subsequent manufacturing
phase has been iden flo
methods have limitations. For example, one-piece flow does not work well when there are relatively large set-up times requir
components. One-piece flow also requires operations to be well balanced with a minimum of variability in processing times a
Unfortunately, these conditions often do not exist. The theory of constraints drum-buffer-rope (DBR) method is designed for
has been shown to be effective for products with large operation time variation. However, DBR does not generally optimise fl
One-piece
process with flow and Kanban/pull
moving constraintsmethods have been
(bottlenecks). We have used to reduceawork-in-process
developed method called Takt (WIP) and Grouping
Time flowtime in manufacturing
(TTG) for implement flo
methods have limitations.
manufacturing, when one-piece For example,
flow or DBR one-piece
do notflow doesgood
provide not work wellTTG
results. when there are
combines relatively
one-piece flowlarge set-up times requir
manufacturing, trans
components.
concepts through One-piece
the use flow
of aalso requires operations
constraints-based to be well sizing
transfer-batch balanced with aUsing
formula. minimum of variability
a discrete in processing
event simulation model,times
it isa
Unfortunately,
throughput ratethese conditions
as compared tooften do not
one-piece exist.
flow, The theory
CONWIP and DBR of constraints
approaches, drum-buffer-rope
with much lower (DBR)
WIP method
inventory is and
designed
fasterforflo
has been shown to be effective for products with large operation time variation. However, DBR does not generally optimise fl
Outputs
process withof each enterprise
moving resource
constraints planning (ERP)
(bottlenecks). We have process in an ERP
developed system called
a method could constraint outputs of(TTG)
Takt Time Grouping the next ERP proce
for implement
necessary
manufacturing, to determine the ability
when one-piece flow of or
ERPDBRprocesses to support
do not provide good the orchestration
results. of an ERP
TTG combines system.
one-piece flowThis paper presentstrans
manufacturing, a bi
outsourcing
concepts through framework
the use to of
identify any ERP process
a constraints-based that effects sizing
transfer-batch on theformula.
orchestration
Using of an ERP system.
a discrete The contribution
event simulation model, itofisth
constraint-oriented
throughput rate as compared outsourcing frameworkflow,
to one-piece for orchestration
CONWIP and of DBR ERP is twofold: (1)
approaches, withit much
developslower theWIPtraditional
inventory constraints
and fasterman flo
criteria
2014environment
2014 Taylor to &a Francis.
fuzzy multi-criteria environment and (2) it develops a linear programming technique for multidime
preference (LINMAP) model to a fuzzy group bi-level LINMAP model. A case study demonstrates the applicability of the propo
outsourcing framework for orchestration of ERP modules and processes.
Outputs of each enterprise resource planning (ERP) process in an ERP system could constraints outputs of the next ERP proc
necessary to determine the ability of ERP processes to support the orchestration of an ERP system. This paper presents a bi-
outsourcing framework to identify any ERP process that effects on the orchestration of an ERP system. The contribution of th
constraint-oriented outsourcing framework for orchestration of ERP is twofold: (1) it develops the traditional constraints man
criteria environment to a fuzzy multi-criteria environment and (2) it develops a linear programming technique for multidimen
Significant
(LINMAP) modeldevelopments
to a fuzzyingroupmilitary strategy
bi-level LINMAPovermodel.
the past century
A case studyhave had little impact,
demonstrates if any, on business
the applicability strategy.
of the proposed This a
constra
paradigm
frameworkshift from brute-force
for orchestration frontal
of ERP confrontation
modules as practised in the First World War to shrewd identification of weakness
and processes.
apply this insight in the business world, we present a methodology focusing on the weakest link: the Achilles heel. We apply
identifying the adversarys Achilles heel and attacking it. We aim to avoid attacking the competitors front namely its produc
through painful head-to-head attrition price and advertising wars. Instead, we propose a new attack strategy focusing on th
This paperintegrates
The study builds on the a neworiginal fiveinsight,
military focusing steps as defined
specifically from anby Goldrattcalled
approach and Cox (1992) astheory,
operational one of with
the constructs
an insight of thethe
from the
shortcomings
sophistication identified are the
of the Achilles sequential
heel strategynature
makessuggested by the
it particularly five seemingly
effective for small sequential steps,competing
players David the lack ofwith clarity
largerelatin
Gol
moving to nextidentifying
methodology: or previous thesteps, the assumed
Achilles heel decidinginapplicability
whether or of not
the tofive stepsittoand
attack dealing withan
tailoring market- andheel
Achilles non-physical
strategy. Theconst
behavioural constraints)
numerous business and theapplications.
and military lack of clarity surrounding an ideal constraint location. Deductive reasoning is applied to ex
conceptual solutions to the identified problems. The paper transforms the five focusing steps into a decision map which still
This study
allowing proposed an
appropriate enhanced
decision points simplified
to guidedrum-buffer-rope
application of this (SDBR)
process. model to be applied
It expands in a reentrant
the applicability of theflow shop
five (RFS)step
focusing in w
generated from a discrete
physical constraints, as well uniform distribution
as presenting and machine
a logical argumentbreakdowns
why the best arepossible
subject constraint
to an exponential
locationdistribution.
is the size of Inthe
thismaen
due-date assignment
well. Finally, method,
further clarity order release
is provided rule and dispatching
why exploiting rule were
and subordinating to improved. The is
the constraint due dates and
necessary release
before dates ofelev
constraint ord
considering the total planned load of the capacity-constrained resource (CCR) in a random RFS. The deviation rate of buffer s
dispatching rule to eliminate the influence of machine breakdowns. Simulations based on a real case company are used to e
We use a system
proposed model. The dynamics simulation
experimental model
results basedthat
showed on the
our Factory
approach Physics
yieldsperspective to study the
better performance thancumulative effect of in
the other methods cont
te
arrival
indexesvariability,
when the process
product variability,
mix is with defect
a largerate, time tooffailure,
proportion repair time
multi-reentrant and set-up
orders and whentimetheon utilisation
operating of curves
CCR in a flow-sh
increases f
small, simultaneous improvements at multiple locations in the line can provide reductions in cycle time comparable to, or so
obtained by a major improvement at a single location. The reduction of process variability is often an excellent alternative to
parameter, because process variability at a given station affects not only that station, but all downstream stations due to its
Workload
Improvementscontrolat (WLC) has been stations
non-bottleneck developed alsoashave
a production
significantplanning
benefits, and control
again approachthe
by reducing forvariability
job shop manufacturing.
of flow to the bottleBy b
centres,
suggest a WLC anticipates
broader the factof
interpretation that
somemultiple
aspects work centres
of the mayofbecome
Theory potential
Constraints, bottlenecks
and help explain in the
the short term.
successful This of
results appro
the
shop models that assume equal utilisation levels for all work centres, which will create maximum bottleneck shiftiness. Howe
shows differences in utilisation levels, which means that some work centres can be seen as non-bottlenecks, having protecti
investigates the effect of different levels of protective capacity on the performance of state-of-the-art WLC release methods.
The case of
the level study examines
protective the implementation
capacity interacts with the of an integrated
influence Activity Based
of workload normsCosting
at work(ABC)
centres.andDespite
Theory theof Constraints
fact that WLC (TOC)
has
decision-making
balanced utilisations,in a Lean
resultscompany.
indicateFindings
that WLC reveal
couldsignificantly different
also be effective results withsituations.
in unbalanced regard to the optimum
However, norm product-mix
setting requi an
between the current
Disregarding the norms conventional product-mix
of non-bottleneck workdecision
centres, used by thesense
a common company and the
approach, new strongly
might integrated approach.performance
deteriorate
capacity is not sufficiently high. Contrarily, tighter norms for non-bottleneck work centres are shown to perform better in this
Francis.
In todays economic climate, many organizations struggle with declining sales and increasing costs. Some choose to hunker
hoping for better results in the future. However, layoffs and workforce reductions jeopardize future competitiveness. Howeve
implemented the Theory of Constraints (TOC) continue to thrive and grow in difficult times, continuing to achieve real bottom
improving productivity or increased revenues. In this paper, the organization dealing with the furniture manufacturing has be
constraints for the maximum throughput are identified by applying a thinking process tool called as Theory of Constraints
Finding
(DBR) hasoptimum product-mix
been applied for production
for capacity planningsystems
and the is an important
time decision.processes
for each identified Several researchers
is calculated have
anddeveloped
workload for algorithm
each
mix
Thenunder the Theory
the capacity of Constraints
constraint machine(TOC). Literature
is identified. Thereveals
proper failure
solution ofhas
thebeentraditional
providedTOC toheuristic
overcome in the
determining
constraintproduct
constrained resources exist. In this paper, a Mixed Integer Linear Goal Programming (MILGP) model is proposed to deal with
multiple constrained resources exist. The proposed MILGP model emphasizes utilization of all bottlenecks as the primary go
throughput as the secondary goal. The proposed model is experimented on problems cited in literature and the randomly g
To maximize
optimum the are
results utilization
reported of bottleneck
by the proposed workstation
modeland achieve a high throughput with a reasonable cycle time, an improv
swarm optimization algorithm (IMOPSO) was proposed with an objective function to minimize the total flow time and the wei
earliness and tardiness. The performance of the bottleneck workstation was analyzed. A multi-objective optimization model w
mapping requirements of rapid productions as total flow time and just in time delivery as weighed average time of earliness
bottleneck workstation. An IMOPSO algorithm was established for the scheduling of bottleneck workstation by improving an
In
andresponse
positionto theagrowing
with crossover problems
operation of climate changefalling
to the particle and global warming,
into local optimum.airline companies,
Based as members
on stability, of the global vill
quality, convergence rat
energy-saving and carbon
simulation experiments were reducing
performed measures, and are
to evaluate thestrictly controlling
proposed algorithm andunder
managing greenhouse
the conditions gases generated
of different job scales. in The
the
quality
proposed transportation
algorithm is services
valid andinfeasible
an attempt to reduce
to improve the environmental impacts. As
scheduling performance of environmental protection has become an
bottleneck workstation.
Responsibility (CSR), this study integrates Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and adopts a ma
model in an attempt to provide the airline industry with a method to lower fuel consumption by reducing the weight of seats
to contribute to environmental protection, future research could develop a variety of energy-saving and carbon reducing pro
model. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Business Administration, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Tai
Accounting, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan (c) Department of Accounting, National Yunlin University of Scie
Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
This paper uses quantitative methods to estimate the size of the time buffer in lean operations controlled by the Theory of C
focus of the operations system of TOC is the identification and management of constraints. To protect the constraints, they s
buffers, which protecting the system's output from disruptions and fluctuations. Despite the importance of time buffers, the
size of the time buffer in literature are very empirical. In this paper, a queuing-theory based method is applied to calculate th
provides a mathematically exact expression for the coefficient of variation of waiting time for Markov queues. It then applies
to approximate the variance of customer waiting time in a general queue. Simulation experiments are conducted to verify th
The theory of constraint suggests the application of a demand-pull replenishment strategy combined with buffer manageme
effectively manage inventory. A demand-pull strategy caters to the customers' demand to drive inventory replenishment, wh
designed to adjust target inventory levels ( buffer size). However, there is very limited literature looking into the parameters
depth, such as the timing and the amount of buffer adjusted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the produc
that affect the parameters of choice in buffer management when applying the DPBM strategy. This study first used a DPBM s
Purpose
simulation, Value
basedstream mapping
on historical (VSM)data)
demand is a leanunder manufacturing
different buffer (LM) tool used forparameters
management analyzing material to simulate andthe information
inventoryflow reple o
The purpose
products. Theofproducts
this article were is to address
then grouped theaccording
importance to oftheVSM in LM environment
simulated in an Indian
results by statistical auto components
analysis. A decision tree industry.
was app
demand pattern factors that determined The case the study approach
product groups. has Anbeen used to DPBM
appropriate show the applicability
strategy is suggestedand importance
for each product of VSMgr in
company,
demand data in which
for 21the currentprovided
products, state of manufacturing
by a wafer foundry is mappedcompany withlocated
the help in of VSM symbols.
Taiwan, to demonstrate According theto the current
feasibility andstat eff
conducted
method. The analysis
resultsand show identifies
that it isthe area oftoimprovement
possible determine whether neededain terms of
product work in process,
is suitable for DPBMlead time and
strategy cycle time.
application afterThe a
Purpose
kaizen
demand on-data.
The aim of this
the current state paper
mapisand to demonstrate
developed future how state
agilitymap as awhile
central focus ofthese
including an organization
kaizens. Findings can be achieved The study through
cleara
scorecard (BSC) impact
out the positive system.on Design/methodology/approach
process ratio, TAKT time, process - An inventory
action research level, lineapproach
speed,intotal a single
lead organization
and process is used
time and to redu
inve
usefulness
the company of inansatisfying
agility-focused BSC. Findings
their customers with- respect
While the to theory
quality,ofcost constraints
and delivery.(TOC)-based Research approach was improving agility,
limitations/implications Th
BSC,
is thebased
confined on agility
focus on principles,
a single staff industry. in the Theorganization
case should hadbe their
extended direction focused
to other on drivers
industries in orderof important
to support strategic
the findings issues an
environment.
wider generalization. Practical implications
Practical implications- Managers using the TOC
The results have afrom
obtained way the forward
studytowill usehelpthe other
TOC system,
industries butand build a perform
sectors to i
In the
that first to
leads
environment. half of
agility the and yearmore
Originality/value 2003, the
sustained
The whole world
competitive
article deals was seriously
advantage.
with a real casepanicked bywhich
Originality/value
study, SARS,-showsthe
The Severe
role of Acute
a BSCof
application Respiratory
in VSM
enabling Syndromes.
agility
for implementing in an
stricken.
not been Whilepreviouslythe public in Taiwan was run over by the fear of this unprecedented disaster, the key factors contributing to t
investigated.
epidemic was identified to be a series of fault decisions made by the panic-stricken official. Since March 31, 2013, a cumulat
influenza infections, including 125 deaths, have been confirmed in China and Hong Kong. Thus far, a cumulative total of 601
156 deaths worldwide have been reported to Taiwan CDC (Centers for Disease Control). The infection in Taiwan has been con
Bottleneck
cases, including detection in manufacturing
one death. In order to provide is the key to improving
a problem solving production
strategyefficiency and stability
for well managing this in order tocrisis
potential improve capacity
by governm
detection
the concept methods
of CaseinBased industry and academia
Reasoning (CBR) to lack
applyeither
a case accuracy
study or of practicability,
SARS epidemic. or One
both,important
for dynamic systems.
question The new
is often asked: m
the observation
disease control of processes
officer hadand inventories.
competent Blocked
problem processes
solving skills and andhad full timely
inventories reacted indicate
in linea withdownstream
this epidemic bottleneck.
developme Star
inventories
the problemindicate solving an upstream
process in thebottleneck.
SARS war Through by deploying subsequent
the Theory observations
of Constraints of multiple process states
(TOC) Problem Solving and inventory
Model. We also leve d
possible to determine
some of findings aboutthe TOC direction
application of the in bottleneck
problem solving.at the given time and hence to find the momentary bottleneck in the sy
Since 2001, can
bottlenecks the Simplified
be observed Drum-Buffer-Rope
directly. Work-sampling (SDBR) has receivedcan
techniques considerable
be used toattention. Hundreds picture
obtain a long-term of successfulof the SDBR dynamical case
reliable due date performance
new methodology does not require (DDP) any with short production
calculations, statistics, lead-time
or time(PLT) and minimumHence
measurements. WIP. However,
the method twoisobstacles
suited forhave practr
introduction
supervisors and of SDBRclerks. to The
production management
direct observation society.
of the The first
bottleneck onegives
also is from production
additional managers,
information aboutwhothe have been lesscaus
underlying tha
can be significantly
simplifying the improvementimprovedof bythe simply
system changing
capacity. theExtensive
way to manage production
field testing of the(SDBRmethod way). The second
received positive is from
feedback SDBRnot itsel
on
makes
shop flooran assumption
operators. The the total touch
method is alreadytime in is very
use at small
the comparing
Robert Bosch to the
GmbH, currentwhere production
it is known lead astime. However, from
the bottleneck walk.our
Since 2001, the
implementing Simplified
SDBR in local Drum-Buffer-Rope
companies, we found (SDBR) outhastherereceived
are such considerable
environments attention.
where Hundreds
the total touch of successful SDBR case
time is relatively la
reliable
production duelead datetime.performance
In this study,(DDP) a with short production
simulation lead-time (PLT)ofand
game and enhancement SDBR minimum WIP. However,
were developed and testedtwo obstacles
to overcome havebr
introduction of SDBR to production management society. The first one is from production managers, who have been less tha
can be significantly improved by simply changing the way to manage production (SDBR way). The second is from SDBR itsel
makes an assumption -the total touch time is very small comparing to the current production lead time. However, from our s
In this paper, we
implementing SDBRproposein local ancompanies,
approach for wemodeling
found out a typical
there are remanufacturing
such environments shop where
and analyzing
the totalthe touch scheduling rules using
time is relatively la
(SPNs).
production Previous
lead time.WorksInprimarily
this study, concerned
a simulation on static
gamescheduling
and enhancement using queuing of SDBR theory
werewhich developedhas difficulty
and tested in model
to overcomeextension b
while Petri nets Berlin
Springer-Verlag as a well-developed
Heidelberg.. mathematical approach is preferable in considering more complicated stochastic charac
assessment in remanufacturing operations. Based on the proposed SPN framework, we discuss three basic scheduling rules
interdependent scheduling algorithms. Furthermore, the numeric results are provided to illustrate the influence of different p
In recent
rules on theyears, to improvesystem
performance. 2014 IEEE. reliability and economy, machine maintenance strategies have been paid more and mor
This paper aims to integrate the concept of theory of constraints (TOC) into multi-machine opportunistic maintenance policy.
maintenance algorithm, an improved model containing bottleneck strategy which influences opportunistic maintenance has
maximizing total cost saving, an optimal maintenance schedule of all machines in a series product line can be obtained. The
that this model is valid for planning a comprehensive optimal maintenance schedule. Furthermore, by comparing with other
Purpose
proven to: Thisbe more paper investigates
effectively the selection,
especially in series design
product andlinesimplementation
with bottleneck. of a Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) type of production p
fabrication plant characterised by extensive shared, batch resource resources within a low volume UK manufacturer of large
of a series of two related research projects conducted under the aegis of a Lean initiative at this case firm. : A purposively se
study conducted over 24months and organised around a two phase research design. The initial body of evidence included a
a project team of eight managers and accountants during a two day structured workshop numerous unstructured interviews
Purpose: This paper
floor practices document investigates
and archivalthe selection,
analysis,design and 140 and implementation
photographs of theoffocal
a Drum-Buffer-Rope
operation. Supplemented (DBR) typeby ofextensive
production p
fina
fabrication
extracted from plantthe characterised
firms accounting by extensiveand MRP shared,
systems, batch resource
including allresources
data necessary within to a low volume
construct andUKimplement
manufacturer of large
bespoke cap
of a series
progress of two
(WIP) related research
monitoring and simulation projectsmodelling
conducted under
tools. The the aegis
case firmof is
a anonymised.
Lean initiative: at The this
Leancase firm.Design/methodolo
manufacturing literature
selected
of sharedlongitudinal
resources, and casethisstudy gapconducted
is attributable over to24themonthsconcept andoforganised
rightsizing aroundtoolsaand two equipment
phase research that is design.
widelyThe initial bw
promoted
detailed
The casemap panel constructed by a projectby
plant is characterised team of eightshared
extensive managers resourcesand accountants
many of which duringareaalsotwo batch
day structured
processes. workshop
The mostnume app
Late
and cancellations
observation
for this production ofofshopscheduled
environment elective
floor practices
is DBR. document surgery
The limit
detailed the
anddesign ability
archival of DBR
the surgical
analysis,
of the and 140
mechanism care service to
photographs
required a achieve
of the focal
controlled itstransfer
goals.
operation. Attributes
buffer of of
Supplem ov
between
and the hospitals
afteroperational
Drum becausedataand regions.
extracted
the extent Theof
from rate
the of lateaccounting
firm's
downstream cancellations
process and ofMRP
elective
variability systems,surgery
risked conducted
itincluding
being all data
unable in
to Hamad
necessary
offload General
panels, Hospital,
to construct
hence Doha
and
comprom im
13.14%
study is which
planning, workis
based insimilar
uponprogress to rates
a single (WIP)
case.reported
monitoring in hospitals
This consequently and simulationelsewhere
has in the for
modelling
implications world
tools.
theThe although
casetofirm
ability elective surgery
is anonymised.Findings:
generalise from the is performed
results. The sixLean
: When daysth
10:00
ignores pmthe
was implementedinreal-world
our hospital. issue
it reduced Simple
ofthe and systematic
shared
number resources,
of panels analysis
and WIP of
in this bythese
gap attributes
is attributable
60%. This equated typically
to the provides
to aconcept
56% limited
of 'rightsizing'
(18days worth) solutions
tools and
reduction to the cance
equipme
of manu
the
thanapplication
within the Lean
doubled of
the the theory
community.
plants of constraints
The
inventory case turnspanel with
(fromplant itsisto
9.1 five focusing
characterised
21.2). It also steps,
by which analyze
extensive
significantly sharedthe
improved system many
resources
delivery in its totality,
schedule of which isare
adherence, more likely
alsowith
batc d
to the cancellation
appropriate pull-system problem. method To find
for the
this constraint,
production as a first
environment focusingis DBR.step,
the Final Assembly falling from an average of six to less than one per week. The financial benefit was independently audited The we carried
detailed out
design a retrospective
of the DBR and
mechanism descriptive requiredstu
approach
of overhead
value combined
of $850K. conveyance with capacity
Consequently, the Paretothis Principle
after
projectthe Drum
wasto find the main
because
awarded causes
thefirst
the extentprize ofatcancellations,
downstream followed
process
its parent enterprises by a qualitative
variability
annual risked
worldwide itapproach
being
process toim
unable fi
underlying
compromising cause
This paper details which
a novel pointed
throughput.Research technique to the thatbed crisis. The
limitations/implications:
permits remaining
the routings of four
The study
multiplefocusing
valuesteps
is based uponprovided
streams to be workable
a single case.
mapped Thisandand effective
consequently
is useful for solution
has
highlim
rate of elective
generalise
location of from
shared surgery.
the results.Practical
resources. Implications:
It also contributes When the DBR
significantly to the pull-system
literature that design was implemented
is available it reducedbetween
on the relationship the numbe the
This equated to
management of ashared
56% (18 days worth)
production reduction
resources, andofadds manufacturing
to the literature lead timeon the and more than
detailed design doubled the plant's inventory
and implementation of a DBR tu
significantly
of environment. improved delivery schedule adherence, with downstream jig stoppages in the Final Assembly falling from an ave
per week. The financial benefit was independently audited to equate to an annualised value of $850 K. Consequently, this pr
prize at its parent enterprise's annual worldwide process improvement competition.Originality/value: This paper details a nov
routings of multiple value streams to be mapped and is useful for highlighting the identity and location of shared resources.
significantly to the literature that is available on the relationship between the Lean paradigm and the management of shared
The 6TOC improvement method combines The aim to improve operational results while reducing inputs or keeping them th
organization to embark on a multiyear quest resulting in a method called 6TOC (six tock) and results worthy of examination.
combination of Six Sigma, lean and the theory of constraints (TOC). A hybrid combination, 6TOC has elements of Six Sigma,
focuses on quality improvement and reducing production variation, while lean focuses on eliminating waste in all of its seven
philosophies are combined with TOC and its focus on bottlenecks, it makes a potent combination, particularly if there is man
The key concept
productivity. Using of TOC's
the smart grid is bottlenecks
five steps, demand response for power
are exploited andconsumption
elevated with comprising
Six Sigmaactions and lean taken
tools. byThecustomers
additiontoofred TO
temporarily
combinationin for response to requests
quickly finding from electric
root causes service providers.
and producing solutions Awith demand
a direct response
bottom-line program impact offers time-based rates tha
whether to adjust their consumption. In the manufacturing sector, production managers are likely to participate in a demand
can schedule their production operations in response to electricity prices at peak times. The drum-buffer-rope (DBR) schedul
constraints (TOC) is a useful production operation method because it helps managers focus on effectively managing capacity
The purpose
constraint thatof limits
this article was to design
performance of the a scheduling
system. and control
This paper presents procedure
a conceptualfor a small shoe to
approach business.
managing Theproduction
schedulinginwas cons d
research
loads in an methodology,
effort to dealspecifically
with the most the linear
expensive programming
hours of the technique, together with
day. A DBR-based the theory
operation model of is
constraints.
developedThe productiv
to determine
identified
productiontoprocesses
develop adepending mathematical on power model. This model
saving obtained loss.
vs. throughput the optimal
Conceptual quantities
cases of aremanufacturing
prepared to demonstrate maximizing how the th a
From that loads
electrical modelinaresponsescheduling to and controlprices.
electricity procedure(c) 2014for aElsevier
small shoe Ltd. business
All rightswas made, this procedure could be implemen
reserved.
that have the same characteristics of the case study., El propsito del presente artculo fue disear un procedimiento para la
Physical
produccin Assetde unaManagement
pequea empresa (PAM) initiativesde calzado. suffer many
Para barriers
realizar in implementation
la programacin de la that can hinder
produccin their influence
se aplic la investigacinand sust de
barriers is the lack
especficamente la of buy-inde
tcnica from all levels inlineal
programacin the organisation,
junto con la due teora to de
a lack of understanding
restricciones. of the perceived
Para desarrollar el modelo benefits of PA
matemtico
in a PAM project
restricciones del is achieved
sistema by aligning
productivo, employees'
el modelo views on
determin las the deficientptimas
cantidades areas inde the organisation,
fabricacin and managing
maximizando their exp
el throughput
benefits of a good
dado. A partir de este application
modelo,of sePAM.plantea Barriers in implementation
un procedimiento para la are created, however,
programacin y controlby the
de la lack of a transparent
produccin, el cual method
puede im
significance
empresas deofcalzado critical que areas in the system
presenten las mismasand bycaractersticas
an unclear way delofcaso
communicating
de estudio. these problems. Typically these initiative
Good management
available resources.isInthe orderprocess
for PAM of finding
initiatives permanent solutionsthere
to be successful, to thefirstdilemma
needs of to balance and achieving
be an alignment in theeffectiveness
execution throug and
low
whichcosts,
assets financial goals so
are critical, and long-term
that resources vision,
can beconsistency
allocated and flexibility.
effectively. Modern
In this study, approach corporate
this problem governance
is thoroughly requires an
examined, a
management
seeks to isolate in the
relation
effectsto oneof the of maintenance
its internal and external
function in elements.
an operation Theandpaper deals with
to uncover the application
critical areas. A study of the Theory of Co
is performed o
of Supplyused
typically Chain. to The
create mainsuch goal is to present the
understanding. ThisTheory of Constraints
study highlights approach withofbasic
the shortcomings thesefive steps focusing
methods, which limit process
theirin the
appli
management.
is therefore created Specifically
in order it shows
to overcome how the TOCproblems.
these can be used Theinmethodology
many othersisareas of application.
validated through a case study, where it show
The productcritical
uncovering mix problem areas and is one of the most
achieving important alignment
organisational problems in production
through systems. Several
the communication algorithms to determine the
of results.
of constraints have been developed. Most of the previous works focused on one bottleneck (dominant bottleneck) and consid
problem with exact data. In this paper, all bottlenecks are used in order to determine the aggregated priority of each produc
decision-making approach is proposed for product mix problem with interval parameters. The proposed approach involves bo
determination of the production priority and the weights vector of bottlenecks, application of interval TOPSIS to calculate the
Theory
product,ofand Constraints
use of reducing(TOC) isand a management
increasing process philosophy which the
to improve is focused
production on the plan.weakest
At thering(s)
end, a in the chainexample
numerical to improve the
is pres
Companies,
procedure ofwhether the proposed they are in the production
approach. The resultsorobtainedservice sector
from the should be more focused
computational study haveon understanding
shown that the their own structu
proposed algo
survive
to solvein thea global
product competition.
mix problem. In this situation, TOC becomes an important problem structuring and solving methodology w
thinking of managers. Since the TOC first put forth by Goldratt (1984) in his novel The Goal, the theory has drawn wide atten
academic researchers. This study provides a review of the TOC evolution literature by its five era the optimized product tech
Introduction
haystack syndrome Whileera, emergency
the it's not department
luck era and (ED)the crowding
critical haschainmyriad
era. Our causessearch andatnegative
historical downstream
backgroundeffects, and basic applying
concep sy
and targeting throughput
this philosophy evolves through remains time a potential
and howsolution
the main topoint
increase
of TOC functional
researches capacity.
changes.However, the most effective technique
ED remain unclear. We examined the hypothesis that Lean-based reorganization of Fast Track process flow would improve len
patients discharged within one hour, and room use, without added expense. Methods This study was a prospective, cont
analysis of Fast Track process improvements in a Level 1 tertiary care academic medical center with >95,000 annual patient
This article
patients seen analyzes
during the the application
study periods of Constraints
of 6/201010/2010 Theory in and papers presented inand
6/201110/2011, the data
electronic proceedings
were collected from ofan three scientifit
electronic
area (Brazilian
concurrent patientsCongressseen of in Costs,
another Meeting
care area andused
Congress ANPAD group.
as a control USP Controller and Accounting)
The intervention consisted from
of a1994simple to reorganization
2010. The rese
content
existing analysis
rooms, based with ainquantitative
systems engineering approach in a non-probabilistic
science and modeling, sample
including per queuing
trial of articles
theory,dealing exclusivelymatching,
demand-capacity with this th a
research technique
modifications to staffingcase or study. It canspace
physical be observed
were made. that Primary
among the entitiesincluded
outcomes studies, LOS 50%of were private, patients,
discharged 18.2% were public,
percent 4.5
of pa
of cases
hour, anddid timenotinreport
examthe room. type We of compared
organization LOSstudied
and exam regarding
room time size,using
18% Wilcoxon
were micro rankenterprises,
sum tests,large and companies
chi-square tests were fo 9
Significant
not possibledevelopments
discharged to identify
within theinsize
one hour. military
of the
Results strategy
entity,
Following over
as the
tothe past century
theintervention,
economic haveofhad
sector
median little
activity,
LOS amongimpact, if any, on
50%discharged
belonged to business
the
patients industrial
was strategy.
sector,
reduced This321
by a
paradigm
and
95%CI18% 12wasshift
to 19 from
part min,ofbrute-force
p<0.0001). frontal
public administration.
The number confrontation
With regard
of patients as to practised
the typeinof
discharged the Firsthr World
inenforcement
<1 increased War
of TOC,to shrewd
by accounting
2.8% identification
(from gainsto
6.9% was ofused
weakness
9.7%, in 50%
95%CI
apply
the this insight
and reasoning
median exam inroom
process thewith
business
time 27%, world,
the
decreased we
combined
by 34present
method
minutes a methodology
of drum-lung-string
(90 to 56 min, focusing
95%CIwith on
31the weakest
accounting
to 38 link:
earnings
min, p<0.0001). the Achilles
with 14 % heel.
In comparison, andWe the apply
themet co
identifying
Several tothe
LOS (265contributions
267 adversarys
min) arising Achilles
or proportionfrom the heel
of and attacking
enforcement
patients of TOC
discharged it. Wewere
in aimhr
<1 to(2.9%
avoidtoattacking
highlighted thean
by the studies
2.9%), and competitors
analyzed.inAmong
increase front
examnamely them,time
room its
theproduc
stood
(28 t
through
the
Conclusion painful
process head-to-head
ofIndecision
this making
single centerattrition
and price
increased
trial, and
a focused advertising
profitability.
Lean-based Thewars.
study Instead,
reorganizationshowswe of propose
that the TOC
patient a new
flow aattack
beimproved
tool that strategy
contributes
Fast Track focusing
to the
ED performa onou th
This
The article
study
various types, is based
integrates
sizes on
a
and a
newmaster
military
sectors thesis
of that
insight,
economic employes
specifically
activity. Theory
from
Keywords: of
an Constraint
approach to
called
Drum-Buffer-Rope
without added expense. Broad multi-centered application of systems engineering science might further improve ED throughp a warehouse
operational
Accounting operational.
theory,Gains with The
an
Reasoningfoundation
insight from
Process.ofthethE
warehouses
da Teoria dasstill
sophistication of encounter
Restries emproblems
the Achilles heel strategy
trabalhos with their
makes
apresentados operational
it nos
particularlywork,
anais even though
effective
eletrnicos for
de smallwarehouse
trs playersoperational
eventos David competing
cientficos dais rea
a wellcontbil
explored
with large field
Gol
(Congr
providing
methodology:
Encontro da strategies
ANPAD eand
identifying solutions
the Achilles
Congresso USP to improve
heel;
de warehouses
deciding
Controladoria whether at aoroperational
not to attack
e Contabilidade) entrelevel. Warehouse
it; and
os anos tailoring
de 1994 managers
an Achilles
e 2010. need
A heel a strategy.
metodologiaphilosophydeThe ant
pes
select
numerous which
como referncia solutions
business and
principal and astrategies
military
anlise detocontedo
applications.implement com toabordagem
the their warehouses.
quantitativa This
numa is where
amostra Theoryno of Constraints por
probabilstica becomes
julgamen va
management
exclusivamente philosophy
dessa teoria for improvements
e que utilizaram work.
como Toferramenta
investigate de if warehouse
pesquisa a managerstcnica decould estudo benefit
de caso. from Theoryobservar
Pode-se of Consatq
Semiconductor
performed and wafer
evaluated fabrication
at Harald system
Pihl is
AB, a typical
where thecomplex
goal manufacturing
was to improve
estudadas eram privadas, 18,2% eram pblicas, 4,5% eram entidades sem fins lucrativos e 27,3% dos casos no informou system,
their since
warehouse it has large-scale,
operation reentrant, multo
other
quanto characteristics.
ao porte, 18%It's eramtoomicroempresas,
difficult to achieve 9% theeram capacity
grandes balance
empresas to lead
e em the 73%existence
dos casos of thenobottleneck.
foi possvelAccordingidentificartooth p
accurate detection
setor econmico deofatuao,
bottleneck 50%ispertenciam
the key to implement DBR thought.
ao setor industrial, For the characteristics
32% pertenciam ao setor deof semiconductor
servio e 18% fazia production
parte dalia
bottleneck
diz respeitodetection
ao tipo de method
aplicao based on the
da TOC, a starvation
contabilidade andde blockage
ganhosinformation
foi utilizadaof em the50%production
dos estudos line. de The method
caso, is verified
seguido do pr
simulation. Compared
27%, da conjugao dotomtodo
the relative load method, the com
tambor-pulmo-corda equipment utilizationdelaw
a contabilidade and the
ganhos com queue
14% length
e do mtodo method the experime
tambor-pulmo
In this study,
method makes a literature
performance review (33than papers) on the comparison between the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and Lean Manufact
contribuies decorrentes dabetter
aplicao dathem.
TOC 2013
foram Springer-Verlag
apontadas Berlin
pelos estudos Heidelberg.
analisados. Dentre elas, destacou-se o aperfe
Comparisons between both approaches are rarely addressed in the literature of Production and Management, and there is no
tomada de deciso e o aumento da rentabilidade das empresas. O estudo revela ser a TOC uma ferramenta que contribui pa
topic. According to the literature review, a classification system is proposed based on four parameters: article source, resear
organizaes de diversos tipos, portes e segmentos econmicos de atuao.Palavras-chave: Theory of Constraints (TOC) Tam
comparison results. After the articles' classification using the classification system proposed, an analysis of the topic was per
Contabilidade de Ganhos Processo de Raciocnio.Constraints Theory (Toc): an Analysis of Case Studies Avaiable in Conferenc
the number of papers that address a broad comparison between the Theory of Constraints and Lean Manufacturing is predom
article analyzes the application of Constraints Theory in papers presented in the electronic proceedings of three scientific ev
claim that a particular approach excels in a specific situation. It is worth noting that there are a number of articles that argue
(Brazilian Congress of Costs, Meeting and Congress ANPAD USP Controller and Accounting) from 1994 to 2010. The research
their tools are in fact complementary or are aimed at their integration. Finally, the literature review indicated that it is not po
content analysis with a quantitative approach in a non-probabilistic sample per trial of articles dealing exclusively with this th
approaches/tools is the best because despite the predominance of articles arguing that the TOC /Drum-Buffer-Rope stands ou
research technique case study. It can be observed that among the entities studies, 50% were private, 18.2% were public, 4.5
situations where Lean Manufacturing/Kanban is also prevalent. Therefore, is necessary a proper evaluation of each company
of cases did not report the type of organization studied regarding size, 18% were micro enterprises, large companies were 9
it possible to carefully select a single or a hybrid approach in order to achieve the expected return.
not possible to identify the size of the entity, as to the economic sector of activity, 50% belonged to the industrial sector, 32
This research presents a model of productive capacity management for manufacturing systems by combining the concepts o
and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The main objective of this paper is to propose a model of capacity management to
questions: i) what capacity indicators should be considered and how to measure them to measure the productive capacity of
is the real capacity of the production system examined before a certain ratio between capacity and market demand? The dis
model is relevant to the extent that the definition of productive capacity enables better management of resources and capab
In the paper,
scheduling there
and is presented
meeting the practical
the demands imposed application of theThis
by the market. modelling and simulation
study presents in managing
a proposition andOperating
of using planning Income
of machiI
described principlesfrom
different approach andthatstages of the
of the production
traditional system
literature improvement
that deals with the withtheme,
presented (TOC)(1988).
by Nakajima and illustrated
The surve b
the
modelwhole production
capable line, which
of determining theaim was the capacity
productive bottleneck of determining,
the system and andthetheimpact
analysis on oftheoperations,
productivewhich are of
capacity realized in th
the whole
in
thethis analyse
quality was focused on that
of nonconformities the problem
occur afterof the
the production
bottleneck setup.
resource Exchange of tools
of production and reconversion of production device
flow.
product are non value added activities. It means activities, which we should limit. There is presented, that with use of simula
Since thevariants
different production is aimedways
of possible at fulfilling specificsetup
of machines needs andof demanding
to choose the customers
best processand not
run atforfilling warehouses, the productio
realization
volume of orders. In times of fight for the client every order has to be performed on time. What is more, in times of fight for
meeting safe deadlines, that is distant in time, is not enough. Companies are forced to meet short deadlines with keeping th
competitiveness condition. It is hardly possible without a advanced planning support system. Currently, advanced planning s
however their cost exceeds the possibilities of small and medium enterprises and algorithms used often require great custom
This paper studies
and conditions the and
of unit effects of learning
small-batch and forgetting
production. Such on a two-stage
conditions lead production
to a need for system and the
simplified position
methods. of methods
The a potential bot
used
start
findingwith
thedeveloping
global optimum a model for a big
of such two-stage serial production
data ranges. For this reason system where tools
computer semi-finished
for applyingitems to are
the fed by the scale
industrial first stage
are net
turn,
basis processes
on the data thesoitems to their in
far collected final
ERPstate. The finished items are transferred either to a subsequent stage or to customers
system.
both stages of the production system considered are subject to learning and forgetting effects. Learning quickens the produc
is gained (i. e. , when the number of repetitions increases), while forgetting has the opposite effect when production is interm
A novel
lost overmethod
productionis developed
breaks). The to design
paper the capacity
studies how buffer
differentforvalues
criticalof
equipments
the learning in and
a production
forgettingsystem with unexpected
parameters influence the m
assist
of boththe staff and
stages to control
the flow theoffluctuation
material ininthe production
system. The schedule.
resultsSpecifically,
of the paper the processes
indicate that of urgent may
learning mission arrival
cause and proc
a bottleneck
analyze
productionthesystem.
regulation Thisand features.
happens when A graphic model
an initially is established
slower to reflect
stage overtakes the transformation
a previously faster stage between production
over time due to anodes.
highe
calculate the capacity
thus contributes to thebuffer and on
literature a case is conducted
moving bottlenecks to verify the feasibility
and provides and applicability
practitioners with a model feasibility of the
that helps method.where
predicting (2
Switzerland.
production system, and which enables the system to flexibly react to moving bottlenecks. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights res
This paper investigates the photolithography area scheduling problem in wafer fabrication system, with the objective of simu
multiple performance measures. It has been known that photolithography area is usually the bottleneck work center of a wa
problem in this area plays a significant role in improving the performance of the fab. Most studies of this problem have been
objective. Therefore an approach for composite dispatching rule design is proposed to tackle this problem with multiple obje
dispatching rule is a linear combination of several elementary dispatching rules with relative weights. Results demonstrate t
This paper examines
rule achieved a great in detail the relative
improvement on everyutility of the Theory
objective, compared of Constraints comparedoftosingle
to the performance traditional management
elementary accountin
dispatching rule.
utilisation in aiding decisionmaking. It also considers the propagation and evolution of the Theory of Constraints and criticall
has generated in the accounting and management literature. The continuing survival of cost accounting in the face of freque
Goldratts may in part be due to the ability of the discipline to adapt its practices to integrate the mandated improvements i
curricula. One example is the Theory of Constraints itself (e.g. Horngren et al (1999) and Morse & Zimmerman (1997)). The p
In
bysemiconductor
which new ideas manufacturing,
are assimilated theinto
process of short-term
the conventional production planning
management requires
wisdom based onsetting clear and yet challenging an
this example.
operation and toolset in the process flow per each product type. We demonstrate the complexity of this problem using an ex
with proficient workforce, and then show how the problem can be decomposed, aggregated, and solved using sequential rec
assignment problems. We also refer to the improvements that the proposed algorithm has achieved in practice when applied
production facilities, and discuss its efficiency and uniqueness as a fast heuristic relative to other proposed methods. (C) 201
Drum-Buffer-Rope-based production planning and control (PPC) approaches provide production managers with effective tools
reserved.
disruptions and improve operational performance. The corner stone of these approaches is the proper selection of time-buffe
exogenously defined constant. However, the majority of real-world manufacturing systems are characterized by the dynamic
stochastic production times. This fact calls for a dynamic approach in supporting the decision making on time-buffer policies
capacitated, single-product, three-operation, flow-shop manufacturing system. We propose a dynamic time-buffer control me
term PPC with adaptive response to demand changes and robustness to sudden disturbances in both internal and external sh
integrating the control mechanism into the flow-shop system, we develop a system dynamics model to support the decision-
policies. Using the model, we study the effect of policies on shop performance by means of analysis of variance. Extensive n
the insensitivity of time-buffer policies to key factors related to demand, demand due date and operational characteristics su
production times. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Theory of Constraints suggests when the product was limited by bottleneck, the best strategy for selecting the product mix i
system performance- in terms of the desired constraint. This issue is not true for products which have been limited by a few
which are in opposition to the current thought in TOC literature, have been proved in this article. For instance, the mixed pro
which have the product lowest margin and the lowest throughput ratio in a limited time and violate marginal and TOC appro
constraints which caused by selected mixed products have been proved in this article.
Remanufacturing is a practice of growing importance due to increasing environmental awareness and regulations. However,
stochastic remanufacturing process routings (RPR). This paper presents an analytical method, where four Graphical Evaluatio
(GERT)-based RPR models are proposed to mathematically represent and analyze the variability of remanufacturing task seq
method, the probability of individual processes being taken in a remanufacturing system and the time associated with them
The proposed method is demonstrated through the remanufacturing of used lathe spindles and telephones, and verified by A
Reentrant
experiments flow is ainvestigate
that phenomenon the in which a product
relationships betweenrevisits
RPRseveral
dynamics machines
and othermultiple
system times on its production
parameters route. A manu
(such as inventory cont
reentrant flow issize
and time buffer wellforrecognized
bottleneck ascontrol)
a highlyarecomplex system. Its reentrance feature challenges the scheduling researchers. T
included.
kind of drum-buffer-rope (DBR) technique proves to be a viable robust method for complex manufacturing system scheduling
DBR-based scheduling for reentrant manufacturing with a novel strategy. First, the multiple reentrant production flow is trans
layer production lines. Then, the DBR-based scheduling algorithm is studied, and a layered scheduling algorithm (LSA) and th
proposed. The proposed layered DBR-based scheduling strategy and the algorithms are demonstrated via a case study. They
some commonly used policies in terms of such performance measures as mean cycle time, work-in-process, and equipment
2012 IEEE.
In Indonesia, Bioproduction system has much similarity with the Micro-Small-Medium Agroindustry (MSMA). The some specia
the use of conventional semi-manual machine, the importance of skill labor in operations, and less intensive of capital utiliza
Constrained Machine (CCM) is essential for balancing the process and material capacity. The CCM can be described as a mac
equal with incoming material so that the fluctuation of incoming material flow possible to shift the CCM into a bottleneck con
objective of this research is to identify CCM and bottleneck in a MSMA process, and developing its control mechanism. The o
Worker capacity is?Temp
in half-fermented influenced by various
industry. Singlefactors
queue of standard
model with time, physical,and
single-server moodsingleandqueue
environment.
model with Themultiple-server
Capacity Constraine were
described
bottleneck.asThe a worker
research capacity
result is closethe
shows or equal with incoming
workstation of soaking material
I processso that
couldthe befluctuation
identified as of the
incoming
CCM and material
Soaking flows po
II cou
bottleneck condition
based on the of process.
averageRecognizing
waiting timeCCW and station.
of each bottleneck is essential to maintain
Drum-buffer-rope algorithmthe was planned
proposed product flow in
to control CCM eachand w
the research
arrival rate ofiseach to identify
stationand control
in the CCW and bottleneck.
bioproduction system was The case study
improved of this
in term research
of balance is in half-fermented
process using the lowest ?Temp
service indus
rat
were identified using 4 parameters of standard time, profile of mood status, heart rate and environmental condition. The res
An CCW
the effective
wasinventory
identified replenishment
on worker of peeling method implemented
station in the supply
while bottleneck chain is one
was identified on of
thethe key success
worker factors
of threshing to achieve
station. The al
maintaining high customer
inside the Bioproduction delivery
system wasperformance.
balanced using ThetheTheory
lowest ofservice
Constraints
rate. (TOC)
A buffer Supply
time Chain Replenishment
is derived by deviation System
between (TOC s
solutions to get and
and bottleneck this balanced
improvement in rate
arrival a multi-echelon supply chain.algorithm.
using Drum-Buffer-Rope The TOC -SCRSBufferistime a replenishment
was added before method of the TOC
threshing and suppee
a global managerial methodology that helps the manager to concentrate on the most critical issues. The TOC -SCRS is based
strategies to decouple the bullwhip effect (or excess inventory in each node) and maintain the inventory availability to consu
Purpose
node holds - The new extremely
enough stock to cover demanding
demandenvironment
during the time forces the enterprises
it takes to reliably to use more
replenish (2)sophisticated
each node only tools/methodologies.
needs to replenish
modelling
SCRS is now and simulation
being implementedare some by of those tools/methodologies
a growing number of companies. that The
are growing
performance in their complexity
reported by the inimplemented
order to respond companto t
the principles
inventory level, oflead-time
strategy alignment to modelling
and transportation costsandandsimulation
increasing leads to creation
forecast accuracy of vertical
and customerhybridservice
simulation models.
levels. This p
However, t
issues. Design/methodology/approach
is lack in the literature. In this study, the - This paperand
concept shows
method the justification
of TOC -SCRS of is
building a hybridand
first reviewed simulation
modeled. model for asupply
A virtual comple c
example.
designed to In general,
show thesystem behavior dynamics
of the TOC (SD)-SCRS.
is usedA for
threesimulation
factorial of strategic issues
experiment, and discrete
i.e., fluctuation event simulation
of demand, (DES) is u
time of replenishm
This paper explores
operational
replenishment, level.is thenthepresented
Attempts simultaneous
to build batchmodels
to holistic
explore splitting andwith
only
the feasibility scheduling
and SD problem
or only with of
effectiveness for
DES TOCidentical
usually
-SCRS. parallel
end production
in design
A simulation ofmodel lines,
simplified which
models.
is designed istod
machine
approachscheduling
how to combine in thatSD the processing
with DES in ordertime toof get
a batch
better onmodels
parallelthan
production lines is
using either not fully paradigms
modelling proportional to that of a
exclusively. pro
Find
formula
shown thatis derived to determine
this approach the processing
is justified (meaning that timeitof a batch
gives more onaccurate
a production line which
and reliable is not
results taken
with as a single
reasonable machine
efforts) in eve fo
lower bound
Practical is provided
implications for kind
- This the starting
of modellingtime ofanda batch production,
simulation which overlaps
can generally help the the previousengineers
(industrial) one. A sufficient conditionoffod
in optimization
availability
optimizationofofthe theend buffer is given
warehousing space, and proven manpower,
batches, mathematically etc. with respect
holistically andto a continuously
with delivered
higher accuracy. batch. Based on
Originality/value th
- Alth
This
hybridpaper
complexity
models presents
have an
is unrelated been analytical
toreported
the batch continuous-time
size is proposed
(treating Markov
only very tofew chain
obtain approach
the
industries), theyfor
starting time
verymodeling
of a repair
a batch
rarely tackle thesystem
production. with interchangeable
Finally,
justification ofa the
heuristic
impleme me
allocation.
algorithm isAsconstructed
paper justifies an
theimportant
hybridto type of
solve
approach athrough
the repair-service
splitting anand system,
scheduling
example a repair
problems
of optimization system with interchangeable
simultaneously.
of the sales force Numerical components
experimentsfeatures
in the pharmaceutical show thethi
that
industry. c
assembled
balance thecircularly
loads of the withproduction
interchangeable-component inventories
lines. In fact, the proposed after a is
approach piece of equipment
significantly more is disassembled.
effective than theDespite
existing themetim
difficulties
and scheduling in model formulating
on production and(each
lines performance
of whichanalyzing
is considered ariseasdue to themachine
a single complexfor fork/join structure
both batch and the particular ex
and item).
component inventories. In this paper, a continuous-time Markov chain stochastic model is developed with a repair system wi
This paper defines
components under the concept of
precedence the emergency
constraints. production
The stationary response capacity
distributions are thenofattained
equipment withproduction
programming systems,
and the andperform
analy
emergency production response
numerical experiments. Particularlycapacity of the equipment
the relationship between production systems and
the key resources in thethemean of ANP and
performance obtains is
indicators crucial
studiedfacto
to
management
resource allocation.process and optimizationBerlin
Springer-Verlag ideas Heidelberg
for equipment 2013. production systems, and provides technical support for framing
mobilization plan, and lays a strong foundation for equipment production mobilization quickly.
The U-curve is the management thinking from Dr. Goldratt practical experience. The U-curve is a graph with extreme left and
the impact relationship between time buffer and management attention. Dr. Goldratt recommended buffer time from the bot
U-curve, and manager could reduce the input of effort and time to manage the production line. However, the view of Dr. Gol
study will test and verify management thinking if the management attention is high at both ends of the U-curve. Then, this s
area of U-curve, and to understand the adjustment of time buffer is appropriate. There is no relevant literature to explore the
Intense
thinking,global competition
so this study exploresand declining profit have caused
U-curve management thinkingmost thinshop
by job film transistor
game and liquid
recordscrystal display manufacturers
the management attention by to i
competitiveness
there are 24 databy of improving
machine tool productivity
research and reducing
project and 11cycle
groupstimes. An shop
of job advanced
gameplanning
to verify and scheduling
U-curve (APS) system
management thinking, wa
Visual
studiesBasic for Application
of Theory of Constraintsto automatically generate
(TOC) to support production
the results of thisschedules
study for a color filter fab with multiple lines. This syste
production lines, plan order release time, and balance the equipment loading. Both forward scheduling and backward schedu
Experimental results indicated that APS can significantly reduce manual scheduling time while maintaining the quality of sch
In this paper,
manual we provide
operations, it canasave
newmoremodeling
than approach of identifying
87 % of scheduling timetheandoptimal buffer size
the quickness in front of important
is especially a capacitywhen
constrained
reschedu re
processes.
production The time buffer
uncertainties is aas
such critical element
equipment of the drum-bufferrope
breakdown methodProduction
or material shortage. in the Theory of Constraints
controllers can use(TOC), and
this APS toitgene
is u
inevitable disruptions
make adjustment based in production
on experience. and service processes, and to provide maximum CCR's productivity. The model is formula
server queue. The new modeling approach is based on calculating the optimal number of units waiting in line (the optimal bu
server CCR in order to maintain the highest net profit of the CCR's throughput while protecting the constrained resource from
This article
example andis analysis
about the ofeffects
this new of modeling
management control
approach strategy
proves on goal achievement.
it efficiency The study the
in terms of maximizing examines the relationships
throughput profitability
strategy and business
parallel processes, andexcellence.
reducing a Business
chance ofexcellence is also resource
this constrained taken as the mediator,
to become whereas
empty. 2013learning
AIBE.orientation, as well as
taken as the moderators, and goal achievement is taken as the dependent variable. The results indicate that lean, the Theor
Sigma have positive influences on business excellence. However, only Theory of Constraints does not have a positive influen
under learning orientation as a moderator. At the same time, business excellence is related to goal achievement within a com
This paper presents
moderator. Moreover, a new signal
previous for analysis
research to identifythe
has examined andrelationship
rank the bottlenecks in a manufacturing
between business excellence andsystem.
goal The proposed vm
achievement
interdeparture timeresearch
as a mediator. This from different
showsmachines to identify
that the impact and rankexcellence
of business the bottlenecks. A simple
is not directly descriptive
related measure with
to a competitive good co
advantage.
presented.
advantage is This
notresearch
positively also presentsby
influenced a new
goalmethod to allocate
achievement. lossthe
Finally, of contributions
production to anddifferent machines
suggestions forbased
furtheronresearch
the analy a
addition, a set of rules that may be used to improve data integrity is presented. The proposed method may be used to analy
as nonsteady- state system behaviour. The proposed method is applicable to highvolume and low-variety manufacturing sys
The Theory of Constraints
are discussed. Copyright (TOC) 2013isInderscience
a systems approach
Enterprisesbased
Ltd.on the assumption that every organization has at least one fac
organizations ability to meet its objectives. The normal objective is to maximize profit. Hence, TOC emphasizes the maximiz
that the factor that limits production is used most efficiently. This theory was first described by E. M. Goldratt, and it has bee
levels: Production Management (To solve problems of bottlenecks), Scheduling, and Inventory Reduction.
In this study, we attempted to advance the academic dialogue towards establishing TOC as a formal operations managemen
improving practice. We link the component parts of the TOC and map the theoretical arrangement to the consensual definitio
properties of a theory. Also, we examine whether TOC satisfy the virtues of a good theory (uniqueness, parsimony, conserva
fecundity, internal consistency, empirical riskiness, and abstraction). Consequently, a practical outcome of our study stems f
of the goodness criteria as a useful instrument for examining future theories in the field of operations. From a practitioner's s
Perhaps due to its foundation
strong theoretical origins in a for
production
TOC, we scheduling software
assist managers called Optimised
deploying Production
it to gain better Technology
understanding of(OPT), plus the idea
TOC elements of
and ult
constraints,
implementation many believeAlso,
failures. thatwetheincrease
Theory of theConstraints
credibility (TOC)
of TOChas a vocation
in the eyes of for optimal
senior solutions.
executives. TheThose
studywho assess by
concludes TOC a
ske
indicate that it guarantees
future research an optimal
that have industrial solutionfor
relevance only in certainTOC
successful circumstances.
implementation In opposition
efforts. to this view and founded on a num
mix problem, this paper shows, by means of TOC assumptions, why the TOC should not be compared to methods intended t
solutions, but rather sufficiently good solutions, possible in non-deterministic environments. Moreover, we extend the range
This article
product mixsystematically organises aand
decision by introducing reviews
heuristic peer-reviewed
based journals
on the uniquely up to July
identified 2011
work toaims
that access
at progress
achievinginfeasible
the scheduling
solution
operations.
of view. TheThe simple
heuristic (infinite is
proposed capacity,
tested on no 100
partproduction
commonality, mixand deterministic
problems and theparameters), single product
results are compared remanufacturin
with the responses o
solved
Integerusing
Linearreverse materialThe
Programming. requirements
results show planning.
that theMaterial
heuristicrequirements planning
gives good results on and performance-based
average, but performance objectives of t
falls sharply
cost-based integer programming models that can achieve solutions to size-restricted problems. Product deterioration is iden
Taylor and Francis.
complexity and methodologies are discussed that address this important issue. The synthesis of the literature reveals the im
This study proposed
in addressing an enhanced
remanufacturing simplifiedthe
uncertainty, drum-buffer-rope
advantages of (SDBR)
simpler model to be applied
disassembly in mechanisms
release a reentrant flow
andshop (RFS)sche
due date in w
generated from a discrete
improved performance uniformover
of Kanban distribution and machine
push scheduling andbreakdowns
flexible Kanban are subject to an exponential
over traditional distribution.
Kanban. The most recent In this
trenden
due-date
testing of assignment method,
several promising order release
heuristic rule and that
methodologies dispatching rule were
can address largerimproved.
and moreThe due dates
complex, and release
scheduling dates Furth
situations. of ord
considering
address the the total planned
formidable load of the
combinations capacity-constrained
of finite resource (CCR)
capacity, part commonality and in a random
stochastic RFS. The deviation
parameters rateLee,
and, as Kim, of buffer
and Xs
dispatching
need to addressrule to eliminate the
backlogging, influence
multiple of machine
periods, and thebreakdowns.
necessity to Simulations based on aprocess
integrate disassembly real case company
planning aredisassembl
with used to e
proposed model. The experimental results showed that our approach yields better performance than the other methods in te
indexes when the product mix is with a large proportion of multi-reentrant orders and when the utilisation of CCR increases f
Taylor & Francis.
No abstract
Manufacturing firms are constantly seeking to improve productivity in various activities, such as throughput, on-time delivery
However, recently, the Korean government has strongly enforced environmental regulations to reduce the risk of pollutant em
climate change convention. As a result, most firms are now attempting to maximize their own productivity while satisfying th
mandated by government policies. In this study, a new framework that combines simulation and the Taguchi technique is pro
design based on the production lines of manufacturing firms. The simulation model is designed for identifying the production
The existing literature
of productivity, affirms
which has an improved
an effect payoff in during
on all processes business theperformance when a and
production process business
on theunit displays a high
environmental degree of
bottleneck m
proc
However, the literature
environmental is still
regulations. scarce
In the in providing
simulation market
analysis, we managers
obtain theaproductivity
systematic and environmental
effective mechanism for implementing
performance by adjustin
orientation.
bounds of the In control
this paper, we propose
variables. a framework
The Taguchi method based on the
with the greytheory of constraints
relational analysis is(TOC) as a mechanism
also utilized to achieve
to determine the bestansto
orientation
productivityand thereby
within accomplish
a range the ultimate
of satisfying goal of maximising
the environmental regulationbusiness (financial,
of pollutant emissionemployees and customers-related)
concentration among the experim o
three dimensions
research framework, - methodology,
a case studymeasures
of the PCBand mindset - of process
manufacturing the framework relate to market
was conducted. The case orientation using a well-known
study determined that the bes
There is aour
conclude
operating high demand
paper
strategy with for
withthe the
research diagnostic
lowest directions
conveyor medical
for blood
further
speed analyzer
strengthening
in the scrubbing in and
the
theglobal medical
relationship
DES process device
between
and market.
MO and
the fastest The
TOCdomestic
conveyor and market
making
speed maro
in the
expected
wide
reduce to growasvery
endeavour
approximately fast.
intended
28. 38%Inand
this
and study,
28. 81%we of
acknowledged attempt
in the
the to provide
marketing
emissions several ways
literature.
concentration for
This
of production
paper
hydrogen improvement
demonstrates
chloride and that in
dust,TOC order to secure
(1) methodolo
respectively, in co
domestic
operating medical
management blood
efforts
strategy are analyzer.
exerted to
(baseline). For this purpose
optimise we identify
the business unit'sthe problemswhich
constraint of current production
is limiting process
its ability using ARENA
to increase simu
sales and im
alternatives
(2) measuresfor productivity
guide and reward improvement.
management . Five steps ofacross
initiatives TOC (Theory of Constraints)
the functional areas and and(3)ARENA
mindsetsimulation are employed
ensures that manageme to
alternative and to suggest
increased business furtherwithout
performance improvement.
jeopardising employees, customer and competitor orientations. 2013 Copyright T
The focus of the article was the redesign of an assembly cell in a car manufacturing company. The new design had to include
assembly of new roofs without disrupting the throughput rate. The theory-of-constrains framework has been used to propose
the evaluation criteria. The complexity of the system has been studied using a discrete-event simulation model. The tradition
followed to develop a robust decision support simulation system (DSSS). 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
In this study, the fuzzy-neural ensemble and geometric rule fusion approach is presented to optimize the performance of job
fabrication factory with an intelligent rule. The proposed methodology is a modification of a previous study by fusing two dis
diversifying the job slacks in novel ways. To this end, the geometric mean of the neighboring distances of slacks is maximize
means (FCM) and backpropagation network (BPN) ensemble approach was also proposed to estimate the remaining cycle tim
important input to the new rule. A new aggregation mechanism was also designed to enhance the robustness of the FCM-BP
Heavy
validatemachinery industryof
the effectiveness is the
characterized by a number of
proposed methodology, specific
some features have
experiments that cause significant variations
been conducted. in the processin
The experimental results
individual workplaces
of the proposed and frequent occurrence of floating bottlenecks, which change their positions. Depending on the produ
methodology.
given workplace is the bottleneck only for some period of time. When the bottleneck moves to another workplace, it leads to
of the floating bottleneck. To maximize the utilization, it is necessary to protect those bottlenecks by creating special buffers
is to design a methodology used for the determination and control of buffers that are going to protect the floating bottleneck
The theory
losses of constraints
caused by transfer (TOC)
of the supply chain
constrain replenishment
to another system
workplace. (TOC
These -SCRS)
buffers is referred
are one of the effective
to as "powerinventory
buffers". replenishm
The design
deployed
verified inin a plant
the or aofcentral
process forged warehouse with capacity constraints (CC), TOC -SCRS faces a conflict problem between setup
pieces machining.
production quantity (PQ). This paper presents a novel approach to solve the conflict problem by using particle swarm optimiz
An optimization approach that consists of two optimization stages is constructed to realize high PQ and fast SF for TOC -SCR
example about how to optimize SF is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A visual presentation of "Applying Theory of Constraints to Large Network Problems, " presented by Paul Marshall, George Pe
presented.
Slack can act as a double-edged sword. While it can buffer against environmental threats to help ensure business continuity,
reduce profitability. In this study we focus on operational slack, the form related to the firm's production processes. We inves
slack on firm survival during its venture stage when its survival is significantly challenged by environmental threats. Specific
in three types of environmental uncertainty, namely dynamism, complexity, and lack of munificence, affect the relationship
and venture survival. Results suggest that with an increase in environmental uncertainty, operational slack lowers the likelih
This special issue contains articles that exemplify the role of operations management across the entrepreneurial value chain
encompasses all stages of the entrepreneurial phenomenon, including technology commercialization, where discovery, comm
growth must take place. We report on a literature search that identifies research questions categorized with respect to topics
management scholars and classify these questions under each stage of this value chain. The search guides the developmen
the use of resources, routines, and reputation (3Rs), often lacking in this process, and enables us to propose modeling and to
Semiconductor
We offer a framework wafer fabrication is a very complicated
to set up exemplars for operationalmanufacturing systemassociated
tradeoffs uniquely with characteristics such as reentryvalue
with the entrepreneurial of lots into
chain
machine
contributedwith unequal
articles capacity
in this issueand shifting
tackle somebottlenecks. The optimization
of these tradeoffs, and scheduling
prior to introducing of semiconductor
four perspective pieces. wafer
We hopefabrication
this dis
research
work andfield.
triggersBottleneck is theincrease
a significant key factor to the
in the wafer
flow fabrication
of articles whichithas
that make essential
to both influence on the
entrepreneurship andthroughput
operations rate, cycl
managem
etc. The scheduling
practitioner policies on bottleneck machines have significant impact on cost decreasing, achieving throughput target
publications.
resource scheduling and therefore need to be optimized. In this paper, considering the characteristic information concerning
Order release
production line,is athe key premise
rolling for the semiconductor
horizon bottleneck wafer fabrication
prediction method is proposed system to predict
through performthe well, which
wait timeisofalso
the one ofmachin
lot in the par
components
Then, based on in the
thescheduling strategies.
above prediction Most order
bottleneck, release strategies
we proposed merely
a novel rolling have focused
horizon dynamicon the workloadbutscheduling
bottleneck-based failed in con a
influence
analyzes theoncycletime
key factors of which
common orders the
influence thatbottleneck
is broughtshifting
by unexpectedrushones.
and the upstreamIn andthis paper an on-linemechanismbased
downstream scheduling policies of bo o
releaseusingself-Adaptive
simulation wafer fabrication, Neural Fuzzy Inference
our proposed System
bottleneck modelswas
prediction presentedwhich
method is able to scheduling
and bottleneck-based adjust the release
algorithmrhythmdyn
improve
dynamics of fabs.compared
utility apparently In our approach,
tootheran ANFIS model
heuristic was established
scheduling method to predict the ratiobetweenhotand common lotsin wafer
The
on thestrategic approach
order release to commitment
schedule in advance to .availability. Replenish-to-availability
Simulated experimentsbased on the- the
HP24 assumptions
model werebehind theperformed
carefully TOC technique.
and ex
commitment
better performanceto availability.
of common Dynamic buffer
lotsthan management
original TOC on a(DBM) advantages
large scale, and
especially limitations.
when it comes Managing clients of
to the situation that are not
disturbanc
suppliers the role of throughput value days (TVD). The full picture of managing the supply chains.
The manufacture of high-quality cars at comparatively low-cost has gradually become the mainstream. Our study designs a
activity-based costing (TDABC) of performance-oriented systems using the bottleneck-breaking concept of theory of constrai
provide timely and relevant information on operation resources and cost management, which is an urgent issue. Through ap
we further integrate cost concepts into the information system of the enterprise to achieve the following objects: First, the co
limited resources on the main problem of bottleneck operations to effectively solve the inconsistency between individual dep
In
of wafer plants, product
the company. Second,will be manufactured
in business through samethe
process management, process with leads
company different setups and
all operation specifications.
processes This
to follow special
three ma
major
described as re-entrant flows. In
Third, the production-planning photo
units areprocess
assistedofinwafer manufacturing,
applying products
the specifications andisdefinition
also restricted to be to
of product processed through s
the manufacturing
reentrance
development. to improve
Fourth, inquality. This phenomenon
the delivery will causeand
time, the production scheduling
management in photo
unitsprocess being complicated
are assisted and is
in giving priority to proved to b
the bottlen
research develops
rush orders. Finally,a in
mathematical model for photo
process improvement, process
improving to minimize
bottleneck the makespan.
operations fast is theAkey
feasible solution
for overall is achieved
profits using
of the corpora
method. The results are compared to the optimal solution that is achieved using branch and bound algorithm. Our results sh
The Drum-Buffer-Rope
achieves a near optimal (DBR) method
solution is the time.
in shorter production application
The results of Theory
also indicate thatofDBR
Constraints
method(TOC),
can beauseful
globalinmanagerial
productionmetho
sche
manager
constraints.to concentrate
(2012) Trans on the
Techmost critical issues. The DBR methodology is now being implemented by a growing number o
Publications.
organizations. By enabling better scheduling and decision making on the shop floor, its results are remarkable such as highe
shorter cycle time. Although, the DBR methods and its applications in some industries has been studied in some literatures r
problem of Dual Resource Constraints (DRC) on DBR. In this paper, operators dispatching rules are provided to study the imp
In the mixed-production
management system. These context ofare
rules make-to-stock
discussed first(MTS)
andand make-to-order
a case of job shop(MTO),
with twotheoperators
and four becomes
machines more
is then ut
balance
effectiveofofmultiple objectives,
these rules. including
The final resource
results of utilization,
experiment workthe
show that in process (WIP), on-time
best dispatching delivery
sequence andbottleneck
is that throughput. To deal
is first, m
dynamic production
second, rope operationplannning
is third and control
machines (PPC) model
in CCR withare
buffer thefinal.
hybrid of workload
A case of a DRC control
system (WLC) and utilized
is finally theory of toconstraint
evaluate the (T
proposed three-tiered hierarchy construction model is relatively similar to WLC model, but the way in which the workloads ar
the LABF method.
dramatically. The order acceptance deals with issues of order review and delivery setting in order to balance the overall reso
It is very important
requirements that istonecessary
improve shop production
for on-time performance
delivery. The orderinrelease
manufacturing
deals with process.
issues The main manufacturing
of release mechanisms and manageme
rules in o
and
workDrum
to theBuffer Rope (DBR)
production systems.
floor that In this paper
is necessary for WIPcomputer simulation
and resource is used tothe
utilization.And evaluate the performance
scheduling of these
deals with issues manu
of bottlen
simulation
sequencingmodel was
in order todeveloped
protect thetobottleneck
collect and analyzethat
capacity some key performance
is necessary indexes including
for throughput. (2012)total Transsystem output, flowSw
Tech Publications, ti
invention. The optimal buffer size was found out by studying the two manufacturing systems at different capacities. The syst
with and without machine breakdowns. The simulation model provided a significant insight into the two systems and the ben
This
werepaper describes
realized. (2012)howTransa case
Techbased on a localSwitzerland.
Publications, food processing plant was tackled with Linear Programming (LP) on a sprea
Goldratts Theory of Constraints (TOC), and the insights gained both by the analysts and by the company.
In this paper, we have proposed a new hybrid approach for calculating productivity in production environments. To do that, d
production system which is one of the well-developed production planning methodologies in theory of constraints, has been
productivity calculation is based on the effectiveness of equipment separately, the goal of DBR production system is to balan
the terms of bottleneck. On the other hand, the importance of this research is that traditional approaches focus on productiv
separately meanwhile, bottleneck of each process should be the most importance level in production systems. In fact, imple
system caused to be determined more accurate decision after productivity calculation. Moreover, since any mathematical de
exist in the DBR system and the focus of DBR system is based on decision makers, the fuzzy expert system has been propos
index with regards to the DBRs inputs. Finally, to illustrate the developed production system, a numerical example is provide
This paper proposed a heuristic algorithm based on due-dates for a stretch machine scheduling problem in the plane manufa
Programming model incorporated the due-dates of jobs,capacity of oven, availability of stretch machines, and setting up tim
this problem was to minimize the make-span of all jobs on stretch machines by scheduling. To guarantee the due-dates of di
the efficiency of bottleneck resource (i.e., stretch machine in this paper) must be considered. Because of the computational
this paper developed a heuristic approach. Computational experiences indicated that the heuristic gave high quality solution
Semiconductor
time over standard manufacturing
IP algorithms. (SM) system is one of the most complicated hybrid processes involved continuously variable d
discrete event dynamical systems. The optimization and scheduling of semiconductor fabrication has long been a hot resear
Bottleneck is the key factor to a SM system, Which seriously influences the throughput rate, cycle time, time-delivery rate, e
bottleneck of a SM system provides the best support for the consequent scheduling. Because categorical data (product types
numerical data (work in process, processing time, utilization rate, buffer length, etc.) have significant effect on bottleneck, a
The
basedentry
fuzzy describes
inference the many (ANFIS)
system drivers of wascash flow and
adopted the study
in this use ofto cash flowbottleneck
predict to generate performance
since conventional measures. It also points
neural network-bas
the
onlysurvival
numerical of the company.
inputs. In thisTopics
improved include net the
ANFIS, present value (NPV),
contribution return oninputs
of categorical investment (ROI),
to firing throughput,
strength inventory,
is reflected through timeat
These
order tofactors
tackleare combined to generate
high-dimensional financial
inputs, reduce performance
the number of fuzzymeasuresrulesfor
and various
obtainsupply chain components
high prediction accuracy, (e.g. inventor
a fuzzy c-mea
time).
tree linear division method was applied to identify the initial structure of fuzzy inference system. According to the experimen
bottleneck and sub-bottleneck of SM system can be predicted accurately with the proposed method.
Emergency projects' optimal resource scheduling covers a complex and dynamic environment. The theory of constraints con
determines the whole system's performance. Dynamic scheduling of bottlenecks can simplify the complex system's problem
characteristics were analyzed from the aspects of the optimal goals, which are the machine environment, processing charac
mathematical model was then built, and using the hybrid rescheduling strategy and the improved genetic algorithm, the dyn
bottleneck resources was accomplished. Finally, an example case demonstrates the algorithm's feasibility and effectiveness.
In recent years, there has been an increasing demand with regard to available elemental services provided by independent fi
http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/9780784412602.0123
services. Currently, however, whenever it is difficult to maintain the required level of quality of a new composite web service
computer's resources as provisioning at the data center is not always effective, especially in the area of performance for com
providers. Thus, a new approach might be required. This paper presents a new control method aiming to maintain the perfor
composite web services. There are three aspects of our method that are applied: first of all, the theory of constraints (TOC) p
U.S. Federal
secondly, anGovernment
evaluation processcontractingin thehas continually
non-linear feedbeen assailed
forward for waste
controlling and inefficiency.
method: After a failed
and finally multiple trialstechnological
in applying polic sol
Resource
particular,Planning (ERP) procurement,
we will discuss the architectural and and
several insufficient
theoretical operational
aspects solutions
of the method in such
detail,asand
Lean willSix Sigma
show theto improve proc
insufficiency of
management at United
controlling approach withStates
TOC Supply
as a result Services
of our(USSS) turned to the Theory of Constraints (TOC) after learning about its succ
evaluation.
two year period of 2008-2010, for the thirteen TOC implemented procurement divisions there was an average of a 46% impr
rates while in the three control divisions the improvement was only 8%. It was also found that information transparency, the
This paper exemplifies
is transformed a framework
in the supply chain, isfor development
a key element ofofTOC multi-objective
success. This genetic
research algorithm
adds tobased
the TOC jobbody
sequencing methodbybysht
of knowledge
resource constraints.
administrative systemAlongin one this, Theory
of the of Constraints
largest based Drum-Buffer-Rope
Federal Government methodology
contracting organizations andhas thebeen
resultscombined with genet
can be generalizab
system
sectors.constraints.
2012 IEEE. This paper introduces the Drum-Buffer-Rope to exploit the system constraints, which may affect the lead
higher inventory holding costs. Multi-Objective genetic algorithm is introduced for job sequence optimization to minimize the
inventory holding cost, which includes problem encoding, chromosome representation, selection, genetic operators and fitne
The theory
Queuing of constraints
times and Throughput drumbufferrope
are used as fitness(DBR) system
measures. is a Along
method forpaper
this, achieving effective
provides supply
a brief chain management
comparison of proposed app (SC
implemented
approaches. The by aalgorithm
growing number
generates of acompanies.
sequence to Buffer size determination
maximize the throughput is the
andmost difficult
minimize thestep in using
queuing timeDBR in SCM, ho
on bottleneck
attention and the
(CCR). Finally, buffer
Results arelevel is usually
analysed determined
to show by trial and
the improvement byerror.
usingThe focusresearch
current of this paper is first is to develop an efficient
framework
sizes of time buffers of control points of the DBR controlled supply chain. The approach is constructed according to the suppl
analysis in the control points of networks second, the proposed approach is compared with the most common approach in lit
Purpose:
simulation The production
study dice game
using enterprise is a powerful
dynamics (ED). learning
Simulation exercise
resultsfocusing
show that on the
the developed
impact of variability
approach and dependency
is more effective on that
process
approachesinventory of flow lines. This paper seeks to extend the basic dice game along the following lines. First, it will allow op
in literature.
concurrently as opposed to sequentially, which works better in a classroom setting. Second, it will allow both starvation and
will consider balanced lines with workstations characterized by different degrees of variability. Finally, it aims to use different
represent a wide range of variation coefficients of the production line. The obtained insights can be extended to a supply cha
The production
developed game model
can be forplayed
a galvanizing
on-line and transmission
the software tower produces
is freely a limited quantity
downloadable. of various products. This The
Design/methodology/approach: model wasev
paper
schedule of production
offers an easy-to-use base on the
simulation tool.theory of constraints.
Findings: The key aspect This study builds a
of students' new, unique
learning and effective
experience managementof
is the understanding process
the re
by the newand
variability production
throughput model,
in an the loss of falsewith
environment production
dependent has workstations
reduced while andthelimited
unit productivity has increased the
buffers. Originality/value: overtime
A rather com
employees
is transformed have been
into an inspired.
easy-to-use Finally, the study
simulation toolhas
thataccomplished
in no time can a breakthrough by unblocking
be used by practitioners andthe production
students. bottleneck
Emerald Grou
delivery. These improvements definitely ensure the profitability of business.
The Lexicographic Bottleneck Assembly Line Balancing Problem (LB-ALBP) is a new assembly-line balancing problem recently
LB-ALBP hierarchically minimises the workload of the most heavily loaded workstation, followed by the workload of the secon
workstation, followed by the workload of the third most heavily loaded workstation, and so on. The original study presents tw
programming (MILP) models designed to solve the LB-ALBP optimally, together with three heuristic procedures based on the
propose and test new algorithms that combine a heuristic procedure for obtaining an initial solution and several local search
This work addresses
improvement upon the an heuristic
important problem inpublished
procedures industry -tolocating
date. the bottleneck in a production line - and suggests a practica
end. We describe and validate, using discrete event simulation, a novel method of bottleneck detection in open, asynchronou
finite buffers. The technique uses a single measure - station interdeparture time variance - to locate the system bottleneck. T
compared to other bottleneck detection approaches and it is shown that the proposed method performs as well and sometim
methods. We conclude that the proposed approach has a number of significant advantages. It is easy to use and implement,
While
failurethe
andglobal
repairtheory
times,of rawconstraints
process times, (TOC)-based measures
buffer sizes, etc., of
butthroughput,
instead uses inventory
a singleand
piece operating
of easilyexpense
obtainedare well known
real-time pro
measures of throughput
work-in-process dollar-days and
(WIP) interdeparture inventory
time. dollar-days
The proposed method(TDDs/IDDs)
can identifyis sparse and inconclusive.
production constraints without This paper shows
the need tohowbui
measures
model, is wellnaturally
suitedputs a non-TOC
for use in industry,company on abe
and can continuous improvement
readily implemented path by assisting
in standard simulation in identification
tools. of the constrai
drum-buffer-rope (DBR)-like system. Thus, by simulating a small company, this note highlights the relationship between TDD
system, which further promotes TOC principles. Ultimately, we provide future research avenues into the role these measures
of a holistic incentive system and the implementation of a DBR-like system across the supply chain network. 2012 Taylor &
Aiming at the Hybrid Flow Shop(HFS)problems with batch processing machines and identical equipment,a scheduling method
Rope(DBR)and Genetic Algorithm(GA)was proposed.The steps were established to identify the bottleneck workstation and re
was developed to generate the initial solutions.On this basis,the processing sequence of bottleneck workstation was optimiz
GA.The policy of job-release was determined with buffering mechanism,and priority rules were used to scheduling operation
workstations.Through examples and performance analysis,the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed scheduling method w
Today, production planning and scheduling becomes very important part of production management because companies hav
conditions and rising customers ? requirements for shorter delivery times, lower prices and better quality and services. They
methods and approaches to make their planning processes more efficient and thus meet growing customers ? requirements.
approaches is not so easy in all types of production systems. This paper deals with production planning and scheduling in dis
is just an example of very complicated production system. This type of production process is susceptible to demand fluctuati
Mass customization
and this (MC) manufacturing
implies bottleneck requires
shifting. Therefore it ishigh flexibility
quite difficult to
to respond to customer
implement needs
methods such asinTheory
a timely
of manner. Lean
Constraints man
(TOC)
easily applied in
improvement to the
situations with
standard lowOne
way. levels
partofofMC.
thisHowever,
paper is as the degree
a case of customization
study where increases
current production and customer
planning involvemi
and scheduling
design
throughandthefabrication stages, the direct application of lean principles to maintain flow and low levels of inventory becomes d
use TOC principles
framework to show how other strategies such as Quick Response manufacturing/POLCA, Theory of Constraints, Flexible/Reco
Systems, etc. can be integrated with lean in MC environments. A case study of boat mass customizer is then used to demon
The purpose of this
are transformed study
by for wasefficient
more the determine and comparision
MC. Simulation models are theused
effectiveness
to compare of pre-
Shafiabady's multi - axial model
and post-improvement and Gotfr
performance.
and compromises
Media, LLC 2009. on learning entrepreneurship skills to students of Islamic Azad university, science and research branch, teh
this research includes master students in the college of humanities and social sciences in year 2011-2012 . 45 cases were se
sessions and were replaced by randomly in control and experimental groups 1and 2. after 8 sessions training, data were ana
covariance and post hoc test Benfroni. The results showed there is difference between the score entrepreneurship skills of co
groups 1 and 2 and The posthoc test results showed The effectiveness of entrepreneurship education based on Shafiabady's
entrepreneurship is over The effectiveness of the training based on Gotfredson's theory of constraints and compromises . so
basic concepts in both models, especially the Shafiabady's Multi axial model for entrepreneurship education in order to lea
by college students .
Background: The concept of integrating the theory of constraints tools in reorganizing management system in a mechanical
presented in this article. The main aim of the concept is to enable the enterprise to satisfy the customers' expectations at re
for making a profit and creating an agile enterprise in the long run. Methods: Due to the individual character of the productio
process in analyzed company, the described concept using theory of constraints project management (CCPM) and manufact
use performance levels conception to build an integration tool focused on the interaction and collaboration between differen
To maximizetool
integration thehasutilization of the bottleneck
been developed workstation,
and verified in Polish and achieve a high
manufacturing throughput
company. Results:as In
well as a reasonable
described model a cycle time,
tool compa
forward
the levelforof determining
the customerthe right process.
service time bufferShopbefore
floorthe bottleneckbased
is controlled workstation
on the DBRin semiconductor
method. The waferauthors fabrication
hold thatsystem.
the integF
model is importance.
is of key proposed based The on the queuing
integration theory
of TOC toolsand the system's
dedicated random customer
to managing variability.service
Secondly,
and according
shop floorto the characterist
scheduling and co
bottleneck
a mechanism workstation,
for repeated a time buffer decomposition
transmitting the information method is presented.
between them. ThisOn the basis of
mechanism hasthe workdeveloped.
been mentionedConclusions:
above, a heur T
determining
showed that the the reasonable
developed tool timeintegrating
buffer. Finally,
CCPM a release
and DBR policy
had aispositive
proposed basedon
impact onthe
theenterprise
time buffer, and a simulation
performance. expei
It enables
Authorizing
evaluate
performance thecan be described
proposed
in meeting asgroup
algorithm.
target an endogenous
The system
results indicate
requirements signal
bythat that determines
the algorithm
focusing is valid
on enhancing whether
theand a job
feasible.
efficiency ofrelease
processesis allowed
runningorinnot.
the Wher
comp
scheduled in push
particular work systems,
stations. Thethey are authorized
described model has in been
pull systems sinceimplemented
successfully pull-type manufacturing
in one of thesystems are controlled
Polish mechanical by dow
engineerin
Traditionally, process planning and authorizing are regarded as separate tasks performed sequentially, where authorizing is i
plans have been generated. In view of the fact that their functions are usually complementary, higher productivity and respo
when they are integrated. Although the studies related with integrated process planning & scheduling (IPPS) are increasingly
The
bestpresentation
knowledge, there and facilitated
is no study session describe
researching thethe evolutionofofprocess
integration TOC from OPT, drum-buffer-rope
planning and authorizing. (DBR), buffer
This study managemen
aims to call att
buffer-rope (SDBR)
process planning and
and make-to-availability
authorizing (MTA) anda reliable
through presenting and rapid
novel model that replenishment
is called integrated(RRR)process
strategy and tactics
planning (S&T) tree
& authorizing
make-to order (MTO)
implementation resultsareofprovided. A MTA, MTO
IPPA demonstrate that(MTA/MTS/RRR S&T) overview
making the integration is provided.
and hence gaining advantage through integration a
especially get in favour of IPPA because of its slight dependence on (professional) software support.
TOC focuses an organization on its bottlenecks and proposes to buffer them from upstream problems so that they don't wast
material to work on. Just this small part of the overall TOC reasoning is a very powerful way to show a company that practice
inject some TOC into their approach. We present a 2011 case study of a factory in Mexico of one of the leanest and biggest a
in the world in which for instance throughput was increased by 17% in 1 hour on the pilot production line and over 25% in 2
plant. Those results convinced the firm to integrate TOC into their X production system that was previously pure Toyota style
This article presents production planning in conditions of limited productive resources. We used the Theory of Constraints for
allows to detect constrains and provides the methods focused on the limitations and effectively managing the constrains to i
production system. Restrictions (bottlenecks) may apply to the availability or throughput of the resource or group of stocks t
specific operation. These limitations must be taken into consideration when creating the production schedule. Theory of Con
the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) algorithm and its implementation is described in this paper.
Many organisations suffer from a self-inflicted wound they attempt to do too much! As a result, nothing is done well and pr
addresses this problem by suggesting that managers should focus on a subset of their current initiatives a subset selected
overstraining resources. We address the following issues: What are the symptoms of work overload? How does an excessive
the bottom line? How can managers determine the throughput capacity of their organisation? What can be done to address t
workload? Many, if not most, organisations attempt to operate beyond their capacity, with the result that inefficiencies abou
Many court systems
profitability sufferon
drops. Based from long lead
research and times, poorexperience
consulting service quality, andcompanies,
in many low throughput. In many
our paper casesthe
explains improvements
basic conceptsare o
through various managerial
project portfolio management and professional
an methods. to
approach designed This article profitability
increase proposes a set of measures to
by concentrating assess
only thework
on the effectiveness of
that is esse
performance
profitability ofmeasures includes The
the organisation. response-time, throughput,
approach has and work-in-process.
been successfully Whileofcourt
applied to dozens systems
public generate
and private a multitude
sector organisat
to apply them across individual courts.
The article tailors well established generic performance measures to the specific court arena. The individual measures are ag
that assesses the court's performance along the time axis and relative to comparable court systems.
The proposed measure of performance and the aggregate score were validated with real life figures from the Israeli court sys
A constraint is anything that limits a system's performance relative to its goal. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a systems-
developed by Eliyahu M. Goldratt since the early 1980's in a series of non-fiction books, articles and novels. The overall goal
the nature of the small business environment and the constraints it has to deal with. It is further part of this goal to determin
applicable in the small organisation. This goal is accomplished in the form of a literature study on the small business sector a
method centres on gathering and analysing information from various literature sources. TOC's fundamental message is that
performance of any system, and any system contains only a few constraints. Constraints may be found within or outside a c
bottleneck, which can limit the overall profitability of a manufacturing firm, is an example of an internal constraint. An extern
of customer orders. TOC suggests that the goal of for -profit firms is making money, and constraints must be effectively man
achieved. This is then also the goal of most small businesses, i. e. to be profitable. They need to be profitable in order to sur
of the small business sector is critical to the social and economic development of South Africa. Small enterprises are an integ
Scheduling
economy. They in semiconductor manufacturing
increase competitiveness, system is
contribute a an important
great deal to task for the industries
job-creation faced with
and can provide a largejobs
long-term amount of reso
for millions.
scheduling can improve the overall system performance and customer satisfaction. In this paper,
however a wide range of constraints. These constraints should be addressed in order to sustain growth in the small business a scheduling method with
equipment control is designed referring to Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) theory. In order to identify the main-bottleneck, the relati
feature of reentrance into consideration is applied. For the avoidance of local blocking, the management of sub-bottleneck is
and dispatching are taken into account, a scheduling method based on the compound priority is formed. Finally, HP-24 semic
In order
used to meet
as an examplethe to
needs of marketthe
demonstrate change, differentofmodes
effectiveness of production
the proposed method.have different
2011 IEEE. focus, the first thing should do for
and keeping certain inventory level should be considered first for MTS products. This paper proposed an efficient hybrid cont
considering the various needs, it calculated and controlled the amount of work-in-process to the whole product line applying
work-load-control method, and all products were divided into emergency and non-emergency sequence to research respectiv
rules, then were established release model and scheduling model for the release layer and the scheduling layer, and sequen
The combined
ranking meeting analysis of an assembly
the conditions cell Finally,
of release. using simulation models
it used Flexsim and theory-of-constraints
simulation to prove that thisismodel
the aim
canofeffectively
this article. The se
solve c
preparation
production modeland anwhen
operation
MTO andphaseMTSwhich musthave
products keepdifferent
the cyclepriorities,and
time even under reducenew product
the whole designs and demand
system cost and improvemix. the
Simup
quantify the
utilization. dynamic
2011 IEEE.behaviour of the system under three configurations and theory-of-contraint concepts are used to illustr
the blockage of the input flows in order to guarantee the output flows. The chosen design synchronizes investments in equip
of work-in-progress and the fulfilment of cycle times. ECMS.
Manufacturing of ship piping systems is one of the major production activities in shipbuilding. The schedule of pipe productio
on the master schedule of shipbuilding. In this research, the ITOC concept was introduced to solve the scheduling problems o
intelligent scheduling system was developed. The system, in which a product model, an operation model, a factory model, a
piping production were integrated, automated the planning process and production scheduling. Details of the above points w
application of the system in a piping factory, which achieved a higher level of performance as measured by tardiness, lead ti
The traditional simplified drum buffer rope (SDBR) does not consider the application of re-entrant flow shop (RFS) in a random
demonstrated.
involve variable processing times and machine breakdowns. This paper proposed a weighted layer production buffer and we
monitor the status of the buffer deviation when applying SDBR in a RFS with non-deterministic parameters. The buffer status
urgency and actual urgency to estimate the influence of overall accumulated machine downtime and the influence of actual
capacity-constrained-resource (CCR) at different layers . A dispatching rule, called SDBR_D Reentry , was applied to decide th
In
bythis
the paper
buffer we study
status the operating
deviation of eachbehaviour
CCR machine and performance of reliable,ofunpaced
with the consideration and feature.
the re-entry unbalanced serial production
A simulated RFS was lines
desig
service
methodstime means,ours)
(including unequalwerecoefficients of variation,
applied in order or uneventhe
to demonstrate buffer capacities.ofThe
effectiveness ourlines were simulated
approach. with various
The experimental valu
results s
storage size, degree
six performance of imbalance,
indexes related to coefficient
the due date, of variation,
our approachalonghaswith a number
better of imbalance
performance configurations.
than the The primary
other three methods when met
time and average
proportion buffer level.orders
of multi-reentrant Output anddata
when from the
the CCRdiscrete event
utilization simulation
increases fromof such
60 to lines
90%.under their steady-state mode of
using a set of statistical methods. Various relationships between the independent and response variables, rankings of config
with balanced lines were obtained. For the mean processing times imbalance, it turned out that a bowl-shaped arrangement
amounts and lower average buffer levels than those of a balanced line counterpart. As regards the variability imbalance, it w
configurations are respectively, a bowl allocation and a monotone decreasing order, with the first resulting in decreased idle
to lower average buffer levels than those of a balanced line. As far as the buffer size imbalance is concerned, it was conclude
advantageous patterns that generate lower idle times and average buffer levels as compared to a balanced line are to respe
Based on buffer
available the analysis of the
capacity differences
as evenly and similarities
as possible along thebetween
buffers and the toscheduling problem
allocate more of 4S
buffer auto dealership
capacity towards the maintenance
end of the
manufacturing system, the former researches'designing the former scheduling problem with the goal of minimized customer
describing it as a dynamic FJSP problem exists obvious bottleneck. Then this paper decompose and simplify the problem by t
the buffer and build the buffer management mechanism to realize the scheduling schemes' coordination between the bottlen
resources. The re-scheduling strategy is designed with the consideration of bottleneck and non-bottleneck resources' charac
The document
scheduling gives an Finally,
is achieved. overview theofexample
Theory of Constraints,
verifies TOC and describes
the algorithm's feasibility its
andapplication to the Production System. Focus
effectiveness.
basis of TOC, the document emphasises, how it makes a Production System more responsive to the rapidly changing busines
highlights TOC as a management technique, that allows the organization to dramatically improve its performance and delive
without taking too much of risk and without exhausting crucial resources.
To achieve a maximum of productivity is still a major goal of producing companies. But in fact it is no longer a question of pr
but rather exactly the quantities clients demand. Therefore, a flexible production is needed. Factories are able to control that
Constraint - a concept according to the Theory of Constraint. This requires a radically new thinking in many places. This artic
successfully introduce the Management of Constraint into a running production. GITO Verlag.
This study presents a theoretical reflection about the possible impacts on of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) indicators cause
Toyota Production System (TPS) and a type of waste which is not included in that context. It refers to the 'waste due to unsat
mix' influenced by the use of inappropriate methods to formulate the product mix. Therefore, a conceptual neologism is intro
"Pergas" to demonstrate the overall gain waste derived from this practice. The need to reduce process waste is due to the fa
the product and the cost increase putting at risk, in some situations, the organizational competitiveness. Similarly, the fight
increase in the indexes monitored by the Global indicators of TOC , through the creation of a mix of products that contributes
structural framework was developed relating the seven Wastes addressed in the TPS and TOC indicators, which will provide s
relations that cause impacts and will enable the proposal of improvement actions focusing on reducing the impacts presente
Identifying bottlenecks and potential bottlenecks is important in any operation, but often more so in process manufacturing o
lines run around the clock, seven days per week, at or near full capacity, so extra time is not available to create additional ca
improving performance of the bottleneck step, if there is one (and there frequently is), is critical to meeting customer deman
just as often due to reliability problems and equipment downtime as they are to inherent capacity limitations, so TPM and OE
even more important in process plants. The theory of constraints provides an effective process to manage bottlenecks and e
Shifting
constrainedeconomic bottleneck
by upstream identification
or downstream aims toIfimprove
outages. a bottleneckthe overall
exists throughput of manufacturing
within a process, managing and system.
openingFirstly
it upthe
is two
usua n
sensitivity
alternativeof tomachine
increase and corresponding
throughput economic
than capital bottleneck,
projects. Thus the are mathematically
topic defined.attention
deserves significant Secondlyand considering both throu
focus in capacity-li
duration of machine,
Good bottleneck a new two-dimensional
management can reduce inventorybottleneck andindicator
cost andnamed activeincrease
significantly throughput and duration
throughput (ATD) is presented a
and revenue.
Gantt chart is given for scheduling representation. Thirdly the shifting economic bottleneck identification (SEBI) method is pr
momentary economic bottleneck or statistically stable bottleneck. What's more, it also works well when facing the sole econ
This studybottlenecks
economic proposes the andlayer production
shifting economic buffer to monitor
bottleneck. the status
Finally of thejob
a practical buffer.
shopAscheduling
dispatching rule is applied
problem to decide
is optimized and thethe
buffer
gainedstatus
by thedeviation
proposedofmethod.each re-entrant layer with between
Also a comparison the consideration
the proposed of themethod
re-entryandfeature,
existingtermed
method as SDBRReentiy,
is made. The results in a R
SDBRReentiy in a RFS,and
approach is effective thisexplicit
paper forcompares
shiftingfour methods,
economic the abovementioned
bottleneck identification. method, traditional SDBR, the applications o
ratio in a simulated RFS environment. The resulting outcomes that compare to six approaches indicate that our proposed me
in a RFS. Hence, this method has better performances when an increase in re-entrance orders of product mix result in the be
Bottlenecks,
Furthermore,as the the key ingredients
bottleneck machines for operate
improving at the
full performances
capacity. 2011 of the
Asianproduction
Network networks, have
for Scientific been profoundly studie
Information.
definitions of bottlenecks are derived in terms of the throughput and based on the theory of constraints (TOC). Moreover, be
can be applied on them, it is not straightforward to localise dynamic bottlenecks due to their complex dynamic characteristic
traditional view at the bottlenecks, this article therefore develops a systematic and comprehensive definition of dynamic bot
networks based on both the TOC and the bottleneck-oriented logistic analysis. Afterwards, the defined dynamic bottlenecks
The performance
discrete simulationinusing manypractical
companies data, is aiming
limited at through bottlenecks
visualising them ininthe manufacturing and assembly
production network. processes.
By applying For this
the logistic reas
opera
starting
applicationpointof of
theimprovement
proposed research initiatives.
and This paper presents
its procedures a visualasapproach
is discussed for identification
well. 2011 and evaluation of bottlenec
Taylor & Francis.
communication of improvement measures on the shop floor. The new developed assembly throughput curve displays the infl
affecting the assembly performance workload and material availability. The relationship between these two factors is mapp
determined for an assembly station. In order to verify the findings, an event-discrete simulation is performed and analysed. N
Aggregate
have been Production
identified and Planning (APP)
verified. Each model withgeneric
of these fuzzy demand
cases can andbe variable
extracted system capacity isusing
and displayed proposed in this research
one particular operatingfor
conventional
like pictograms. APPThe problem assumes
simulation crisp market
supported demandsmodel.
the developed and also limited capacity by fixed hardware. In the proposed mod
crisp demands is relaxed by using fuzzy demand which also increases the flexibility of estimation and obtains the better prod
profit. The new approach to handle the fuzzy demand by integrating the possibility level of demand is proposed. Moreover, t
capacity is resolved by allowing additional investment in small machines and equipment. This investment can increase the n
Aggregate
and eliminate Production Planning
the bottleneck of (APP) model with
the system. Threefuzzy demand and
performance variable
measures, system
based on capacity
the Theory is proposed
of Constraints in this research
(TOC) concep for
conventional APP problem
many organizations, are used assumes crisp market
to evaluate demands
performance of the andmodel.
also limited capacity
It is found that by
thefixed hardware.
proposed modelIncan thegenerate
proposedhighe mod
crisp demands
conventional APP is relaxed
models.by using fuzzyIn
Significance: demand
medium which
range also increases
capacity the flexibility
planning, market of estimation
demand and obtains
is usually uncertain theinbetter
nature prod
an
profit. The new
production capacityapproach
is notto handle
only theby
limited fuzzy demand
workforce by integrating
level but also limitedthe possibility
by hardware levelorof demand isThe
equipment. proposed.
fuzzy APP Moreover,
model pt
capacity
flexible andis resolved
realistic by allowing
approach toadditional
solve APPinvestment
problems than in small machines and
the conventional equipment.
models basedThis
on TOCinvestment
measures. can[ABSTRACT
increase the FROn
Aggregate
and eliminate Production Planning
the bottleneck of (APP) model with
the system. Threefuzzy demand and
performance variable
measures, system
based on capacity
the Theory is proposed
of Constraints in this research
(TOC) concep for
conventional APP problem
many organizations, are used assumes crisp market
to evaluate demands
performance of the andmodel.
also limited capacity
It is found that by
thefixed hardware.
proposed modelIncan thegenerate
proposedhighe mod
crisp demands
conventional APP is relaxed
models.by using fuzzyIn
Significance: demand
medium which
range also increases
capacity the flexibility
planning, market of estimation
demand and obtains
is usually uncertain theinbetter
nature prod
an
profit. The new
production capacityapproach
is notto handle
only theby
limited fuzzy demand
workforce by integrating
level but also limitedthe possibility
by hardware levelorof demand isThe
equipment. proposed.
fuzzy APP Moreover,
model pt
capacity
flexible andis resolved
realistic by allowing
approach toadditional
solve APPinvestment
problems than in small machines and
the conventional equipment.
models basedThis
on TOCinvestment
measures. canincrease the n
International
ERP
and is vital to manage
eliminate
Engineering. an enterprise
the bottleneck and is being
of the system. Threeimplemented
performance the world over
measures, basedwithonathe
reasonable
Theory of success.
Constraints Though,
(TOC) it provide
concep
for
manytheorganizations,
organisation'sare information-processing
used to evaluate performance requirements,of the yet, it fails
model. It to respond
is found to the
that changes in the
proposed rules,can
model procedures,
generate meas highe
belief systems.
conventional APP Additionally,
models. it involves high costs, time and energy, and after dragging on for years, yields very little perform
ERP system benefits companies, in cleaning up data and tightening procedures. But, unless a company's business processes
performance will not be substantially improved. However, if the TOC is coupled with ERP, then the business process improve
This paper considers
supports the theview
job scheduling
that with TOC, problem in whichof
the benefits jobs
ERPare grouped into
materialise betterjoband
families, but they areofprocessed
the collaboration the ERP and individua
TOC
the sequence
powerful of the
tool for jobs assigned
improving to each
profits and machine. This type of job shop scheduling can be found in various production syst
performance.
remanufacturing systems with disassembly, reprocessing and reassembly shops. In other words, the reprocessing shop can b
with job families since it performs the operations required to bring parts or sub-assemblies disassembled back to like-new co
them. To minimise the deviations of the job completion times within each job family, we consider the objective of minimising
In the the
Here, latefamily
1970s,flow a newtime approach
implies theto the management
maximum amongofthe operations
completion wastimes
developed
of the by
jobsGoldratt.
within aNow known To
job family. asdescribe
the theory theo
provides a coherent management
integer programming model is suggestedtheory for andrunning
then, duean organisation.
to the complexity It hasoftwo
themajor components:
problem, two types Aofphilosophy
heuristics are which unde
sugges
on-going improvement
based heuristics and (b)and a generic approach
meta-heuristics. for investigating,
Computational experiments analyzing, and creating
were performed on solutions
a numbertoofproblems,
test instancescalledand thethe"th
books,
prioritynumerous
rule basedarticles,
heuristics andarea few
betterjournal
thanspecial issuesones.
the existing haveAlso,
beenthe published on TOC . improve
meta-heuristics This chapter provides
the priority a comprehen
rule based heur
philosophy, and working principles. 2012, IGI Global.
In a recent article appearing in this journal, Foster, Sullivan, and Ward (FSW) examined the assertion of the theory of constra
that holding inventory is harmful or a liability to a firms operations. In this comment we demonstrate that inventory is not in
is a symptom of more fundamental problems within many firms operations. Therefore, addressing these problems rather tha
primary means of relieving a firms financial distress. In this comment we also examine the FSW assertion that more detailed
should be reported to enable financial statement users to construct the performance measures of the TOC. The performance
In thismeasures
term paper, product mix decisions
of economic performancemadeand by theory
representof constraints
a small subset focusofon the
the market demand
information used to for the product,
guide managerial anddecision
then to
affect thestatement
financial level of output
usersand whotakehaveadvantage of the bottlenecks
a longer decision horizon and towho
determine the product
do not have accessmix.to theThrough a empirical
firm specific analysis
information wi
come
would to the conclusion
derive limited benefit that the
fromproduction
TOC performancesequence is infant milk powder, maternal milk powder, students and children mil
measures.
and middle-aged milk powder. By comparison, the benefits of the product mix made by theory of constraints is higher than t
the dairy enterprise.
Results-based production ordering systems (RBPOSs) are production ordering systems that only use the information from act
actual production, actual demand, and/or actual stock at inventory points between production processes. This paper reviews
RBPOSs, which include systems such as the Kanban, CONWIP, base stock, and drum-buffer-rope (DBR) systems. In addition t
analysis, improvements and applications, this paper presents possible future research topics.
For the difficulties of flexible flow shop(FFS) dynamic scheduling problem, the problem's character is analyzed, and the mode
based on the drum-buffer-rope(DBR) theory, the problem is decomposed and simplified. The dynamic scheduling is done by
and heuristic algorithm. Finally the coordinating rules of scheduling plan between bottleneck and non-bottleneck resource ar
An example shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.
The theory of constraints (TOC) was first proposed by Goldratt for production scheduling purposes. TOC introduces the time
to protect production processes against disruptions, and to provide maximum productivity for capacity constraint resources.
sizing is the Cut and Paste (C&P) method, which determines the size of buffer in a heuristic manner and suggests 50% of ma
time buffer. One of the vital shortcomings in buffer sizing is the lack of mathematical analysis. In the present paper, we desc
buffer sizing based on the principles of factory physics. The numerical examples show that the proposed method works bette
This paper analyzes the manufacturing sector plan and its main requirements and describes the Theory of Constraints and th
& P method.
and then according to the characteristics of more varieties and low-batch separated manufacturing mode, finds bottlenecks
this basis proposes a shop scheduling method that bottleneck seeking is combined with batch changing to ensure continuou
equipment utilization is greatly improved.
Based on the repairable system model in the theory of reliability, using reliability block diagram and Markov state transition
inventory which should ensure continuous production was analyzed from the point of view of reliability, and a serial producti
reliability model was established.The formula of the number of in-process inventory that was used to ensure continuous prod
help of the reliability model.It is concluded that the reliability model is valid through the calculation of an example.
TOC is a important tool for making the production line balance, we can use TOC to find bottleneck and undo the it by every r
metric for capacity of line which has many series machines. With the idea of TOC and the calculation of OTE, It will put forwa
of manufacturing system by using witness, detecting bottleneck in line on different market demand, proposing the optimal s
system in enhancing the qualified output as will as pro-duction capacity in considering cost which are all based on combinati
One of the recent concepts of process improvement is the Theory of Constraints Thinking Process (TOC TP), developed by E.
that the variation in processing and material transfer times shall be looked upon in every aspect as serious as variation in cr
characteristics. The paper illustrates the application of TOC TP combined with creation techniques for the improvement of a
deals with various approaches of a production line regarding the constraint(s) decision handling during the manufacturing op
optimization techniques and their application to production planning. The paper illustrates the production operations plannin
The article deals
Buffer-Rope (DBR)with design
based of the
on the logistic
Theory principles enabling
of Constraints an enterprise
that is focused on the to create that
principle a strategy flexible
the goal of anyinindustrial
terms of organiza
business
and steady in terms
in the future, and ofthat
manufacturing. In order
the constraints toacreate
within system a strategy
influences model the following
its capacity principles
and rhythm can be
to make applied
money. : shortenin
A case study u
planning
in rapidlycombined
obtaining with flexible
the right planning,
solutions of asyncro mrp
research (Material
theme Required
by using Planning) principle,
a combination of -TOC TPtheandapplication of forecasting in
creation techniques.
with partners of one of the cooperation forms such as supply chain, demand chain, lean supply chain , agile supply chain, lea
the dbr (Drum Buffer Rope), aps (Advanced Planning System) and scp (Supply Chain Planning) systems. The article describes
Quality
for modelrefers to an
design of equilibrium level of functionality
the flexible strategy for Chemosvit possessed
flie a. s.by a productand
company, or service based
the results on the
of this producers
application in capability an
the crisis tim
any manufacturing concern is to increase the production and to bring down the production cost without compromising on qu
through the implementation of innovative managerial techniques. Theory of constraints is an innovative tool for quality and
significant challenge in implementing the theory of constraints in robotic operation is the complex and re-entrant nature of t
This paper deals with the problem of improving quality in robotic work cells that repetitively handle several products of simil
A
of model is proposed
constraint to optimise
is proposed flowthe
to increase through a production
quality and throughputsystem.
rateSuch
of a flow dynamically
robotic provides
work cell by the optimal
identifying level of Work
its bottlenecks
the system, giving due consideration for the impact of system utilisation on the level of WIP. The production environment as
and the range of utilisation 0 < < 1 is considered. In a steady state, this model achieves the result of production pull envir
dependence) without the need to continuously monitor the job completion status of the resources. The model is also compar
One of the manufacturing challenges in semiconductor wafer fabrication is the single machine unscheduled breakdown, whic
bottleneck. With WIP buildup due to unavailable machine, it would be a difficult task to decide on how to dispatch the WIP on
Many methods and strategies have been presented by previous researchers, however these strategies has not been reviewe
aims to review and compare on the presented strategies. Based on the approach taken by these researchers, bottleneck ma
categorized as TOC , LB and Optimization techniques.
This paper presents an algorithm that that can be used in a pull production environment for increasing the product mix throu
the same time minimising the system inventory holding cost. Such pull system could be governed by the principle of Lean M
Constraints (TOC) or Constant Workin-Process (CONWIP). It utilizes the extra time that is available in the non-bottleneck (NBN
smaller lot sizes that can be made available to the downstream section of the production. It was shown through a numerical
fares better than a previous algorithm in which the holding cost was not explicitly included, and that the previous model is a
Design/redesign of manufacturing
generalised algorithm presented insystems is a complex, risky and expensive task. Ford Motor Companys Valencia Engine Pl
this paper.
they plan to upgrade their machining and assembly lines to introduce the new EcoBoost engines. The research project descr
support the transition process particularly at the camshaft machining line by using simulation modelling techniques. A series
out using the simulation model developed, and based on the results of these experiments recommendations were proposed
where to invest on the line. The outcomes from the research project indicated that that investment is required in terms of inc
bottleneck operations through retooling and improving the conveyor routing logic in one key area.
Despite hundreds of reported accounts of successful theory of constraints (TOC) simplified drum-bufferrope (SDBR) impleme
still raise two immediate concerns: Are there solid SDBR implementation steps to effect the change? Is a good management
priority? For the first concern, Goldratt developed strategy and tactics trees (S&T trees) to provide step-by-step guidance for
Regarding the second concern, the authors present a case study of a Chinese furniture manufacturer that, similar to most ot
lacked a good management foundation. However, the company adopted Goldratt's SDBR S&T tree and the related logic and
Along
followed with the increasing
accordingly. number of of
The objectives automotive outputare
this case study and toEnd-of-Life
validate that vehicles
(1) the(ELVs)
logic ofin the
China,
SDBRresources
S&T tree shortage
is robustand
and env
eff
aggravating,
managementso the tremendous
foundation is not aneed to reusefor
prerequisite automotive
implementing components
TOC SDBR. gives
The birth
key toto the industry.
achieving The Chinese
successful government
improvements is
necessary to buildmechanisms
order to establish a conservation-oriented andsystem
to stabilize the environment-friendly
before kaizen. harmonious society. As the ultimate form of recycling, r
effective method to promote the development of Chinese circular economy. The automotive remanufacturing industry in Chi
stage, this paper presents some problems before remanufacturing, during remanufacturing and after remanufacturing, and t
Theory
barriers,ofsuchConstraints has been
as restrictive emerging
policies as an important
and regulations, consumer tool for optimization
acceptance, of manufacturing
scarcity of technologies, / service systems.
etc. Like many Goldratt
other de
gave the introduction
remanufacturing on Theory
industry will also ofexperience
Constraintsthe andprimary
its applications in a factory
stage, growth stage andscenario.
developedAfter the
stage.success
whileofthethis book, heofwr
emphasis
has
same. tried
By to extend the
analyzing the application
resources input of TOC to other functional
characteristics areasdevelopment
at different like Marketingstages,Management and to the Management
three development patterns, such of a
a
companies.
Pattern, TechnologyThis paper summarizes
Driving Pattern andthe key findings
Market Leading from Goal-II.are
Pattern, In this paper, the
put forward. Atdrawbacks
present, the of cooperation
many conventional strategi
of the governm
highlighted and the etc,
research institutes, features of good
will jointly Marketing
construct thestrategies
enhancingare presented.
system Similaritycomponents
of automotive between Goldratts concept of
remanufacturing positives
industry in Ca
To
and
withsolve
the the problem
components
a summary with
in
and some thelow Due Date
Jurans
suggestions Performance
definition
in theoffield.
Quality
(C)(DDP) and
are also
2010 throughput
B.V. Allin
highlighted.
Elsevier The clothing
book
rights enterprises,
highlights
reserved. thatwe thepropose
five step a new bottle
process of
design
thinkingand implement
process can beproduction
successfully planning
used tosystem
break thewithmarketing
a core of the algorithm
constraint based
facing anyon Drum-Buffer-Rope
type of company (DBR) theory. Fir
built for typical clothing enterprises secondly, some problems of traditional scheduling for the bottleneck are discussed, and
search algorithm and an example to minimize TDD are presented thirdly, material releasing is created and the mechanism o
Management is introduced finally, the system with the algorithm has successfully been implemented in one of the famous br
A model is
achieves presented
good results,here
which that shows
bring highhowDDPflow
andshould be managed
throughput in a production
to the enterprise. environment
The enterprise that utilises
economic the Theory
efficiency also hasof C
im
assumed that the system is Markovian (M/M/1/?) and that a fixed once off stipulated cost is incurred for every unit of shortag
production system. The system is assumed to be capacity constrained and so traffic intensity, ?, value of less than unity is co
more generalised form of the initial model developed in Adetunji et al [1] where it was shown that it is better to control the in
environment using the optimal flow rate, a process that leads to dynamic buffering than to control it using the maximum buff
IC testing
shows thatiswhen
carried out is
there inathe make-to-order
positive mode upon
cost of shortage the testing
incurred for lostroute arrangement
throughput, according
the optimal flow torateclients'
should demand, withou
be less than w
Different
assumed.testing routes are adopted for the order according to clients' demands or product features. Lin et al. [8] probed into
that the testing flow for each order is the same and with the logic IC testing as the object for discussion, thus the customized
satisfied. This study focuses on the actual working mode of memory IC, and summarizes several kinds of work flows. The tes
different, and there are two types of resource constraints on the testing route: 1) non-identical parallel machines, which are
This
testingpaper is intended
efficiency to give
2) burn-in an approximation
machines, which areto a the
few Theory
in numbersof Constraints
and have (TOC), to achieve
a long working thatThis
time. goal we explain
study aims tothe conc
develop
process,
scheduling theby flow management
utilizing and later on
the characteristics of we will focus on itsand
Drum-Buffer-Rope application into production,
the heuristic scheduling.also The known
purpose asof
DBR (Drum-Buffer
scheduling is to
academic
tardiness, environment
make less theisnumber that TOC oftechniques produce
setups, shorten the results
flow time that areenhance
and feasible thebut CLIP
not always optimal.
(confirmed Although
line item defenders D
performance). o
results
integrate arefive
very elegant butindicators
performance need to reduce or eliminate
for evaluating variability of systems,
the performance. The results while TOCsimulation
of the is an appropriate
experiments method to that,
show work tw
the real one.
developed byAnyway,
this study thishascreates
betteraperformance
gap relative than
to production
conventional programming
dispatching and sequencing,
rules (e.g. SPT,establishment
EDD). of batch sizes, m
Despite an increasing
and determination body
of the of literature
optimal product that attempts
mix. to explain emergency
IFIP International Federationdepartment
for Information (ED) Processing
crowding and 2010.ambulance diver
minimal emphasis on applying fundamental operational management strategies to address the root cause. Not surprisingly,
published reports of significant and lasting success in decreasing diversion times. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a corne
management. It seeks to identify a constraining or bottleneck resource in a production or supply chain (ie, workflow).
Theory of Constraint (TOC) suggests the application of demand-pull approach combined with buffer management to effective
initial target buffer size, the timing to adjust the buffer and the amount of size to be adjusted are major managerial decision
demand-pull approach can be successfully applied in practice. However, there exist few studies that discuss the determinatio
management in depth. Therefore, we constructed a decision support system (DSS) to assist users in finding applicable param
pull replenishment combined with buffer management. This DSS provides two modules: the search-of-parameter and the spe
Focusing on the ordermodule
search-of-parameter delay problem in the
allows users toprocess
set the of production,
desired range a ofcontrol model based
each strategic on thetoTheory
parameter of Constraints
be simulated. Based (TOC)
on the
(CPM) are proposed
automatically with various
generates the analysis of controlofmethod,
combinations in which
the strategic it is composed
parameters of custom
and provides onedesign module,
simulation run manufacturing
for each combina m
optimizing
module only control module.
simulates one And withcombination
specific the processing costs minimization
of parameters assignedasand objective
providesfunction,
a moreadetail
control mode for
graphical production
display for thei
of resource
also provides consumption
various charts andfor
maximization of production.
users to analyze With theofcase
the performance study,combination
a specific it is found that the proposedTocontrol
of parameters. mode wa
demonstrate th
use a set of historical data for an integrated circuits (IC) product provided by a wafer foundry in Taiwan. From the results in t
Modern
actions to manufacturing
the inventoryfacilities are be
control will subject to organisational,
suggested. 2010 IEEE. technological, engineering and market constraints. The combin
them to be described as sociotechnical enterprises. Control of these enterprises is distributed between human and automate
part of a joint cognitive system. One of the challenges facing these industries is a need to evolve operations while maintainin
Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) provides a range of analytical frameworks that can be used to study the effects of chan
systems. However, the scale of these enterprises and the range of decision-making styles involved make the selection of an
An existing
difficult. taxonomy
A critical reviewof workload control rules
of both positivist is adapted toapproaches
and hermeneutic classify 25 to workload
cognitivecontrol rules
systems and their
research is components examin
provided. Following
a basis to
process is model
outlined how three
that usesworkload
a mixed control rule components
model approach order
to describe selection,
system work aggregation
functionality, understandand thebuffer limits of
implications affect
chang s
environments
cognitive artefacts that differ in their system
that support bottleneck utilization
control. A caseand protective
study examines capacity levels. Twoofofpervasive
the introduction the most automation
frequently studied rule
in the semi
and DBR and
industry were included
is used in the simulation.
to demonstrate Data
the utility ofanalysis found that the workload control rules had a significant positive effe
this process.
measures only in environments with the highest bottleneck utilization and the lowest protective capacity. However, the work
The
found scheduling of flow shops
to be an important with multiple
component of theparallel
workload machines per stage,
control rule. usuallywere
Suggestions referred
madeto for
as the hybrid
future flow shop
research (HFS),incr
that could is a
problem
workloadencountered
control rulesin andmany real world
integrate applications.
this research withGiven its importance
our understanding ofand
leancomplexity,
production.the HFS problem has been inten
presents a literature review on exact, heuristic and metaheuristic methods that have been proposed for its solution. The pap
reviews several variants of the HFS problem, each in turn considering different assumptions, constraints and objective functi
in HFS are also discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Theory of Constraints (TOC) Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (SDBR) system works effectively in typical job shop environme
the experiences implementing SDBR system in local companies, such environments have the following characteristics, which
implementation: (1) capacity constraint resources (CCR) is not always located in the middle of the routing as assumed in SDB
either the front or back end of routing (2) multiple or interactive CCRs can exist rather than the assumption of just one CCR (
urgent orders, change in due-date (especially bringing it forward) is common. Two ways may be applied to overcome these c
The
to a Theory of Constraints-supply
traditional chain replenishment
DBR (2) address problems systemmanagement
through the buffer (TOC-SCRS) is a replenishment
process. method
However, both of the
these waysTOC supply
have cha
limitatio
implemented
paper presents byan
a alternative
growing number method of companies.
enhancing SDBR The performance reported by
system performance. Withthe implemented
the enhancement, companies includes
we expect reduct
that SDBR c
time and transportation
companies, especially thosecoststhat
andhave
increasing
the same forecast accuracy and
characteristics. customer
2009 service
Elsevier Ltd. levels. However,
All rights reserved.when the TOC-SCRS i
central warehouse, the determination of reliable replenishment time will encounter a conflict with the replenishment quantit
constraint of limited factory capacity. An enhanced simulation replenishment model for TOC-SCRS under capacity constraint
The thin film
example and transistor liquid
a sensitivity crystal
analysis display
are utilized(TFT-LCD) manufacturing
to evaluate the applicationprocess consists
of the of three
proposed basic
model. process this
Employing stages: array m
proposed p
Module
plant or process.
a centralLittle previous
warehouse to research works
successfully are foundanoneffective
implement the problem of scheduling and control TFT-LCD Cell plant due to
TOC-SCRS.
article, we are concerned with the scheduling and control of Cell plants by using DrumBufferRope (DBR) System based on
Although the DBR system have been successfully implemented in some manufacturing plants, the detailed design rule or ap
customized based on the special characteristics and requirement of different manufacturing environments. A DBR customize
Recent
processapplications
is proposed of in the
this Theory of Constraints
article due in operations
to its specific domain. A management have adopted
detailed exploration the method
of the required called Simplified
customization of DrumDrum
de
standard for production
is presented. planning
A real-life Cell plant and
casecontrol. However,
is utilized there
to explain theissignificance
little information reported of
and feasibility in the literature
proposed on this methods m
method.
especially in national and international journals. This article aims to present the S-DBR method for production planning and i
approach called Buffer Management, both applied to make-to-order (MTO) production environments. It also presents their m
assumptions, and differences from the classical DBR method. In addition, it includes a proposal to complement the S-DBR m
citationwith
orders onlya high probability of meeting the delivery schedule .
As in many countries, the court system in Israel suffers from long lead time, inadequate due date performance, and poor ser
that putting into practice the Focused Management techniques and philosophies can significantly improve the judicial system
in terms of higher throughput, shorter lead time and better quality, while using the existing resources. The paper discusses t
focused management philosophy adapted to the specific court environment, such as the Theory of Constraints, the global pe
in Time concepts and other tools and techniques. The paper describes a methodology to improve the court system and analy
This
of thepaper presents
process the application
as perceived of simulation-based
by 94 presidents, procedure
vice presidents to identify
and senior judgesbottleneck
who holdinmost
a job-shop environment. Ten jobs
of the managerial-judicial pos
problem (10x10
- IOS Press and theJSP)authors.
is used to test the simulation-based procedure for identifying the system bottleneck. The result from the
of confidence interval level (CL) used in throughput mean comparison has effect on the bottleneck selection. Two scenarios a
different CL of throughput mean, 75% CL and 90% CL. The result from the experiment shows that when % CL is increased, th
identification can be changed. Thus, it is necessary to use appropriate number of replications to match with the required %C
This study
general, attempts
more to enhance
replications the responsiveness
are necessary when higher of percentage
enterprises of byconfidence
adjusting the delivery
interval leveldates taking into
is required. account
2010 IEEE.of the
schedules in a supply chain. To enhance responsiveness, we suggest a due-date assignment method and re-negotiation proc
processing system. The due-date assignment method is designed with the concept of categorized customers' priorities and t
designed with the concept of the partial delivery and due-date delay allowances. Usually, the due-dates have been considere
exogenous parameters or fixed endogenous variables set by manufacturers. However, those are customary in some industri
This paper focuses
manufacturing, thaton a Flexibleoften
customers Flow request
Shop (FFS) problem
changes in a paint
for their company
delivery dates in an placing
after attemptan to order
minimize production
if something makespa
unexpected
characterized
observations, weby multiple products
also propose a newbeing producedofinresponsive
architecture machines sales
in stages
orderwith sequence
processing dependent
system basedset
onup
Webtimes and infinite
Services and U
the FFS problem
technologies is computationally
for reliable complex, two
real-time information. heuristic
2010 IFIP methods are employed
International Federationtoforsolve the Mixed
Information Integer Linear Program
Processing.
formulated. The first heuristic is based on the Theory of Constraints and the second heuristic is based on a Genetic Algorithm
approach has resulted in a better production makespan.
In this study, a Theory of Constraints (TOC)-based method was developed to enhance the efficiency of business processes. W
employed in manufacturing processes, the present paper shows that it can be effective also for Business Process Manageme
the TOC to business processes, a Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) scheduling method for a Business Process Management System (B
procedure by which business process efficiency can be improved using these concepts is presented. To validate our approach
real banking process was conducted, on the basis of which the applicability of the proposed method was analyzed. Based on
The
that synchronization
the TOC -based of manufacturing
method can improveandbusiness
engineering is crucial
process for companies
efficiency, particularlyin the engineer
under heavy to order or with
workloads the make
limitedtoresour
order
competitive
accordingly, advantage of thesethat
several guidelines companies is based for
can be followed on the efficient
flexible fulfillment
management of customer requirements.
of business processes. A shortage of engin
2010 Springer Sc
Germany, is especially threatening to these companies. To face this challenge, the productivity of engineering has to be incre
the field of productivity improvement measures have been gained in production management until today. The objective of th
investigate, if production management principles could be applied to engineering management. Engineering and manufactu
An
andeffective inventory
the similarities arereplenishment
identified. Basedmethod employed
on this evaluationin the
twosupply
possiblechain is one ofmanagement
bottleneck the key factors to achieving
approaches fromlow invento
manufact
customer deliveryin
their applicability performance.
engineering.The state of demand process is often not directly observed by the decision maker. Thus, in m
inventory control problem is a compositestate, partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP), which is an appropriate
dynamic demand problems. In practice, managers often use certainty equivalent control (CEC) policies to solve such a proble
Theory of Constraints (TOC) has brought a practical control policy that almost always provides much better solutions for this
Bottlenecks, as theused
policies commonly key ingredients
in practice.for improving
In this paper, the
we performances
proposed threeofdifferent
the production
inventorynetworks, have been
control policies profoundly
based on TOC studie
buffer
definitions of bottlenecks
and use simulation approach are to
derived
comparein terms
themof thetraditional
with throughput and based
adaptive onT)
(s, S, the Theory
policy. Theofcomputational
Constraints (TOC).
results Moreover,
indicate be
ho
can be applied influence
characteristics on them, it is performance
the not straightforward
of whole to system
localise and
dynamic bottlenecks
demonstrate due to their
the efficiency of complex dynamic
the proposed characteristic
control policy.
traditional view at the bottlenecks, this paper therefore develops a systematic and comprehensive definition of dynamic bott
networks based on both the TOC and the Bottleneck Oriented Logistic Analysis (BOLA). Afterwards, the defined dynamic bott
means of discrete simulation using practical data, aiming at visualizing them in the production network. By applying the Log
the practical application of the proposed research and its procedures is discussed as well.
The advantages of the TOC (Theory of Constraints) philosophy have been extensively documented in the literature since its i
At the operational level, TOC is implemented by means of the well-known DBR (drum-buffer-rope) production control system
manufacturing environment, the performance of DBR is greatly affected by the dispatching rules employed in front of the bo
it has been proved that no single dispatching rule (DR) performs globally better than any others. Therefore, for systems usua
conditions, the selection of a robust DR could help practitioners to reach a good system performance. In this paper we propo
Bottleneck
robust DR (by appears
means inof
a serial
Taguchi supply chain if theratio)
signal-to-noise minimumfrom aproduction rate at selected
set of previously all stagesrules
is smaller
accordingthanto thethedemand
performancerate. Op m
on keeping
pursued by the
the bottleneck stage fully We
practicing managers. utilized
study andtheforcing the other
performance stages todispatching
of different produce in synch with
rules for the bottleneck.
several conflictingThis stud
objective
method,
maximum the recursiveand
tardiness, tightening
WIP) from method, and theviewpoint
a robustness drum-buffer-rope
and for astrategy.
range ofAmanufacturing
pull and reverse pull algorithm
scenarios in a shop is designed
floor forme to
and
threeinventory
different problem
products.with a production
Different bottleneck
variability sources,insuch a serial supply chain.
as processing A numerical
times, breakdowns example is included
and set-ups, to illustrateThe
are discussed. the
2009
special Elsevier
interest B.V.
forAll rights reserved.
practitioners.
Available-to-promise (ATP) systems deal with a number of managerial decisions related to order capture activities in a compa
acceptance/rejection, due date setting, and resource scheduling. These different but interrelated decisions have often been s
and, to the best of our knowledge, no framework has been presented to integrate them into the broader perspective of orde
attempts to provide a general framework for ATP-related decisions. By doing so, we: (1) identify the different decision proble
present the different literature-based models supporting related decisions into a coherent framework and (3) review the mai
It is intuitively
literature for each appealing
one of to measure
these. downtime
We first describe in different
terms of approaches
total time lost for(i.e.
orderfrequency times duration).
capture available However, depending
in the literature, the same
produced by an infinite
to the application context number
of ATPofsystems,
frequency/duration
namely the combinations. This study
inclusion of explicit reportsabout
information the findings
due dates of aincomputer
the decision simulation
model
varying combinations
among decisions. of downtime
According to these frequency/duration
parameters, up topairs on performance
six approaches of serial production
for ATP-related decisions aresystems. The research
identified. Secondly, repo
we
different downtimederived
decision problems frequency/duration
from the different combinations
approaches, affectandserial production
describe linesissues
the main differently
and keyeven when theinvolving
references total downtimeeach onr
suggests that longofduration,
Finally, a number conclusions infrequently
and future occurring
researchvariation
lines arehas a much more negative impact on system performance than
discussed.
The performance
occurring variation. of a wafer fabrication
2010 Taylor system is constrained by its bottlenecks, which are difficult to detect and improve du
& Francis.
the system. To weaken the negative effects of bottlenecks, a work in process (WIP) strategy is proposed in this paper which f
level setting and online WIP control simultaneously. First, bottlenecks are detected and classified based on the constraint we
the sensitivity of the system performance to the machine's fluctuant availability. Second, the target WIP level is allocated to
process fluctuation caused by unpredictable events. Third, in real time scheduling, the upstream machine of the bottlenecks
This
orderstudy highlights
to adjust a different
the deviation systematic
of the WIP levels approach to the application
at the bottlenecks. Finally,ofaTheory
simulationof Constraints
platform is(TOC).
developedThe work describes
to validate the the
implementation
method. of TOC in a job-shop environment as a bi-level multi-objective mathematical model. On the first level, the de
idle time on the bottleneck to generate the initial schedule. The second level decision is to improve additional performance m
the multi-objective technique, while maintaining the bottleneck sequence obtained from the first level decision. Moreover, th
also adopted in this model to reduce the waiting time on each machine by allowing overlapped operations. The concept of tr
While the effect
constraint of protective
on earliest starting inventory
time for eachon the jobperformance
on each machine of simple
in thelines has received
proposed considerable
mathematical model. attention, the same
Additionally, the macca
lines.
demands Thisarepaperalsoattempts
adopted to to meet
makethat the deficiency.
model practicalThis paper
to useexamines
in the realtwo different
situation. but
The related issues.
numerical examples First,for
the theory
both of a
single c
cloud method
are given is employedhow
to demonstrate to show the traditional
this approach works.dilemma of increasing
The commercially work-in-process
available optimiser,(WIP) to fully10
the LINGO utilise resources
software package,versu is
to
and reduce cycleshows
the result time. how
The assumptions
this approachand worksimplications
in practice. of
three
2010 different
Taylor & management
Francis. philosophies (traditional, JIT/lean, and
addressing this dilemma with respect to the use of both protective inventory and protective capacity. Second, given an unba
Owing to the 100%
fixed capacity, utilization
simulation is usedof bottleneck
to explore machine, job shopof
the effectiveness scheduling solutioninventory
using protective could notby bear any disturbance
changing the level of which
WIP onmigt
practice.
cycle timeToand improve the situation,
throughput. Two sourcestwo innovative
of variation concepts named Bottleneck
are simulated: processing Capacity
time and Release
breakdownsRatio(machine
(BCRR) and Bottleneck
failures). At a
(BCRI)
that the were
amount proposed, and thecapacity
of protective influence atof bottleneck utilization
non-bottlenecks changed on with
job shop scheduling
increases under disturbance
in variability. Therefore the was studied.
level of WIPFirst
inv
identification,
inventory) andseries of BCRR
the level were determined
of protective by rank.toSecondly,
capacity needed bottleneck
protect against capacity
variability was
play used orderly
a critical role in according
determining to the
cycleseri
ti
Algorithm
entrant line. (GA) andthis
While plant-simulation
is an exploratory platform,
study,initial optimal
comments onscheduling
protective solutions
inventorywere obtained under
and protective capacity different BCRR condit
are provided base
Referring
environment
management to Drum-Buffer-Rope
was modified to
philosophies. (DBR)Taylor
simulate
2010 theory, a novel scheduling
real&production
Francis. process instrategy with the
which random core of bottleneck
disturbances including equipment
equipment control was
failure, bud
complex
route changemanufacturing
and demand system
time with
shift multi-reentrant
were added. The flows. For bottleneck
obtained identification,
optimal scheduling the of
solution concept
each BCRR of layered bottleneck
was inputted w
to sim
calculation
BCRR's optimal methods of system
solution bottleneck
was obtained. and influence
Finally, sub-layer of bottlenecks
bottleneckwere discussed.
utilization on jobBased
shopon layered bottleneck
scheduling thoughtwa
under disturbance en
Scheduling
and analyzed. (DLS) algorithm
Simulation and its
results implementation
demonstrated thatprocedures
robustness for andmulti-reentrant
execution performancemanufacturing
of job systems were further
shop scheduling explo
at 100% B
semiconductor
non 100% BCRR. production line was was
When bottleneck usednotas exploited
an example to demonstrate
fully, there existed the effectiveness
optimal BCRR andofBCRI.the proposed
However,methods.
if BCRR was outsi
BCRI, there existed more or less protective capacity of bottleneck resulting in a certain negative impact on the scheduling.
Emergency services continue to evolve new operational and facility concepts in response to increasing demand for care and
safe, patient management. This article describes new models for "intake" of patients and for responding to peak demand tha
traditional emergency service. Application of Six Sigma and "Lean" analysis techniques are demonstrating dramatic improve
and in the utilization of treatment spaces. This article provides an overview of the application of Lean concepts to emergency
Mary Washington Hospital and Banner Health Corporation illustrate the result of application of these tools. Implication for the
Setup reduction
and design has been
concepts onediscussed.
are also of the main programs
Copyright to improve
2010 a firm's
Wolters performance
Kluwer in termsWilliams
Health | Lippincott of response time and flexibility
& Wilkins.
of setup reduction projects takes importance in a multi-product, multi-machine environment with limited resources. This pap
Constraints (TOC) based approach to deal with the previous situation when the goal is to improve agility. Results of this appli
is provided. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Manufacturing of ship piping system is one of the major production activities in shipbuilding. The schedule of pipe production
master schedule of shipbuilding. In this research, the theory of constraints (TOC) concept is introduced to solve the schedulin
and an intelligent scheduling system is developed. The system integrates a product model, an operation model, a factory mo
database of piping production and can make the process planning and production scheduling automatically. In the paper, de
discussed. Moreover, an application of the system in a piping factory, which achieves a higher level of performance as meas
and inventory, is demonstrated at the end of the paper.
citation only
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to systematically describe the key practical contributions of the theory of constraints (T
(distribution) logistics. Design/methodology/approach: Based on theoretical research, this paper presents the main practical
suggested by TOC to outbound logistics and discusses the assumptions upon which it is based. Findings: This paper corrobor
TOC , according to which the current ways of managing outbound logistics, based mainly on sales forecasts lead to difficultie
between logistics (stock and transportation) costs and stock-out levels. Research limitations/implications: The reported resea
Based onimplications:
Practical implementation TOCmechanisms of Drum-Buffer-Rope(DBR)
offers a proposal that is complementaryproduction planning
in many aspects and
and controlling
very system in
distinguishable in others
single produ
abou
application
and elements areaof of the DBR
supply chainsystem and presented
management some
(SCM) are basic operation
managed, principles
especially outbound forlogistics.
shippingOriginality/value:
agile manufacturing enterpri
Considering
system
with thewas discussed.It
conceptual presented
articulation andbottle recognition,
organization setting
of this methods
subject, of time
the paper buffer and
contributes control mechanism
to systematize of shipping
the knowledge agi
current
of supporting of
contributions DBR
thesystem
TOC tooperation.
outbound logistics, highlighting the practical implications of applying TOC to outbound logistics.
Limited.
Production schedule is an important part of normal operation of enterprises. In order to gain profits, the enterprise needs a s
planning of parts production and workshop operation, thus to guarantee the completion of orders. This paper takes Deli Mold
specific case. This order manufacture enterprise belongs to the type of small batch production. First, the study had cleared t
layout and product process. Then the researcher had collected production orders and the structure document of parts of one
the relevant data of enterprise to calculate the enterprise equipments production capacity. By calculating the equipment util
The theory
analyzed of rationality
the constraintsof(TOC) was developed
the enterprise's by Goldratt
production plan. in the late
Based 1970s.
on the Over
theory of the
OPTpast years,
& TOC , theapplications of TOC
study drafted have b
the produc
business
production areas such asand
schedules, production, distribution,
finally evaluated projectbenefit.
economic management,
2010performance
IEEE. measurement, supply chain managemen
evolution of TOC , we review the applications of TOC in supply chain management and suggest some ideas for related future
Drum-Buffer-Ropel(DBR) approach is the management tool for the TOC applied to a production system.The size of the buffer
on the lead time and system throughput,thus ultimately affects the competitive edge of products.In a remanufacturing syste
uncertainties that influence the whole system throughput.Considering the effects of machine failure rate,the maintenance ra
recovery productsquality,based on the DBR theory,a complete remanufacturing buffer model control mechanism is establish
existing in the remanufacturing system.Finally,a calculated example proves that three kinds of buffer designed by the metho
No abstractplanning and improve the resource utilization of the bottleneck operation.
production
Desde o lanamento do livro A mquina que mudou o mundo, que revelou os conceitos do Sistema Toyota de Produo (ST
relao produo em massa, muitas empresas tm procurado replicar este modelo de gesto e os seus resultados finance
mesmo perodo, a Teoria das Res tries ( Theory of Constraints - TOC), outra filosofia de gerenciamento organizacional, tem
significativas nos resultados financeiros e operacionais de empresas. O principal objetivo deste artigo apresentar uma an
princpios f undamentais que norteiam estes dois modelos e demonstrar a forte convergncia dessas abordagens.
This paper describes the findings of research in the area of Knowledge Management (KM) that is being carried out primarily a
Danwood Group in Lincoln and in collaboration with the Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University. The ma
seem to suggest a long-term company-wide programme that requires large amounts of time, effort and investment for result
come to fruition (e.g. McElroy, 2001 Ndlela and Toit, 2001). The methodology that is recommended in this paper aims to prov
whereby KM is focused on improving business processes and achieving faster tangible results as well as longer-term benefits
citation
been only
developed by the authors has been named Accelerated Knowledge Management (AKM) and has resulted from the com
KM methodologies (e.g. Morey, 2001 Heisig, 2001 Magnani, 2001) with Goldratts Theory of Constraints (Goldratt and Cox, 1
AKM has been developed based on a service-orientated business model, it is believed that the methodology could be adapte
business models with similar results expected.
A variety of methodologies are available for process improvement. These include Six Sigma, Lean Management, Lean Six Sig
engineering, Total Quality Management, Just-In-Time, Kaizen, Hoshin Planning, Poka-Yoka, Design of Experiments, and Proces
all seem to have one of these that they claim is the best. The large number of competing approaches, all claiming to be the
goal, can leave any organization at a loss as to how to decide which is best for them. In this paper, these methodologies are
common characteristics are developed. Implementation requirements for each are examined next. The same is done for orga
In this authoritative
characteristics volume, the world's
and implementation top
needs Theory
and of Constraints
limitations. (TOC) experts
The methodologies arereveal how to implement
then compared in terms the ground-breaki
of how each can b
improvement methodology
system is developed, wheredeveloped
a companyby Dr.list
can Eliyahu M. Goldratt. Theory
its implementation ofand
criteria Constraints
measureHandbook offersmethodology
how well each an in-depth examin
satisfie
concept of bringing about
make recommendations asglobal organizational
to which performance
type of methodology improvement
should by focusing in
best be implemented onwhich
a few type
leverage points of the
of organization syste
under w
supplemented by examples and case studies define how the theory works, why it works, what issues are resolved, and what
demonstrate how TOC can be applied to different industries and situations. -- "The secret of being a good scientist, I believe,
We have enough. We simply need to look at reality and think logically and precisely about what we see. The key ingredient is
inconsistencies between what we see and deduce and the way things are done. This challenging of basic assumptions is ess
Almost everyone who has worked in a plant is at least uneasy about the use of cost accounting efficiencies to control our act
this sacred cow directly. Progress in understanding requires that we challenge basic assumptions about how the world is and
better understand our world and the principles that govern it, I suspect all our lives will be better."---Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt,
Constraints, from his introductionto the Goal -- As the developer of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt b
to the problems and needs of business, private sector organizations, and individuals. His scientific approach has led to the b
paradigms and the development of new simplified approaches to managing systems. In Theory of Constraints Handbook, the
concepts are seen in action. --Book Jacket.
Small businesses constantly face challenges as they respond to changing environmental factors such as the emergence of w
clouts, depth and range of better quality products and demand for faster delivery times. In order to survive and prosper, sma
redesign themselves for successful and sustained innovations. The implementation of evolving management philosophies su
can provide an effective opportunity for them to compete and lead. The purpose of this paper is to accentuate the distinctive
constraints framework consisting of 3Ms (mindset, measurements and methodology) in a simple way that will assist the sma
It
in is
theessential for local traffic
implementation. jurisdictions
The proposed to systematically
framework suggests that spotthe
freeway bottlenecks
managers should and
have:proactively deploy
(i) a mindset appropriate
of 'making' moneycongin
However, diagnostic throughput'
focus on 'increasing results may instead
be influenced by unreliable
of 'reducing expenses', measurements, analysts
through recognition subjective
and attentionknowledge and day-to-day
and (III) implicit 'focused'
order
method to to
suitably
manage address these
business uncertainties
constraints andofimprecise
instead improving data, this study
processes proposesUsing
'at random'. a fuzzy-logic-based
a simple case approach for bottle
study primarily and
urban
business sensor networks.
examples (whereA dynamic
possible),bottleneck identification
we demonstrate how the model is first
theory proposed to
of constraints identify
based bottleneck
framework locations,
helps and a fuz
small business m
proposed
by makingtosignificantly
systematically diagnose
better thein
decisions severities
strategicof the identified
areas like productrecurring and non-recurring
mix, pricing, new productbottlenecks
introduction, byoutsourcing/pu
incorporating
Dr Eliyahu
traffic
decisions. Goldratt
conditions.
We has our
Sample
conclude done
datathe
paper pioneering
over 1-month work
byaacknowledging in the
period a on
fewdevelopment
anshortcomings
urban freewayof Theory
of in of Constraints.
ourNorthern
paper Virginia
and Sinceused
was
discussing then,
some asmany
a case
future more
studyresea
research for
d
working
reveal
Francis. to
that enhance
the this
proposed body of
approach knowledge.
can In
reasonablythis paper,
determine an attempt
bottleneck has been made
severities and to compile
critical the
links, salient
accountingfeatures
for of
both this
spa
Goldratt and other researchers. This paper will provide a good starting point to the potential researchers interested to work i
sensor network.
paper will also help the practicing managers by clarifying their concepts on the theory and will facilitate its successful implem
areas.
Theory of Constraints has been emerging as an important tool for optimization of manufacturing/service systems. Goldratt in
gave the introduction on Theory of Constraints and its applications in a factory scenario. A large number of production mana
this book but only a few could implement it in their plants because the book did not explain the steps to implement TOC in th
limitations, Goldratt wrote this book to explain TOC , DBR and the method to implement it. In this paper, an attempt has bee
salient features of TOC and DBR listed in the book and the correct approach to implement TOC in a factory setting. The simu
As
book in was
many countries,
actually usedthe
bycourt systemand
the authors in Israel suffers
the claim of from longregarding
Goldratt lead time,the missing
use ofdue
DBRdate
and performance, and poor
Buffer management to service
ease t
that putting
managers into
was practice
tested andthe
wasFocused
found to Management
be correct. techniques and philosophies can significantly improve the judicial system
in terms of higher throughput, shorter lead time and better quality, while using the existing resources. The paper discusses t
Focused Management philosophy adapted to the specific court environment, such as the Theory of Constraints, the global pe
Just in Time concepts and other tools and techniques.
The evolution of manufacturing methodologies is explored based on a historic analysis of the automobile industry. The objec
contribute to a clearer
The paper describes understandinghow
a methodology of the evolution
to improve theof court
thesesystem
manufacturing
and analyzemethodologies.
the perceived Thepotential
inherentoutcomes
historic driver
of theanp
and the existence
presidents, of a paradigm
vice presidents shiftjudges
and senior from Fordism to Toyotism
that constitute mostisofdiscussed.
the judges The authors
holding believe that sustainability
managerial-judicial positions.and its
prudent usage of our remaining resources as the dominant constraint will coin the future role of operations research and ma
TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) panel production as example, a hierarchical planning model is construct
planning in multi-site multi-stage manufacture. According to the characteristics of TFT-LCD manufacturing process, three lev
production chain planning: Firstly, for multi-stage planning, a Mixed Integrated Planning Model is constructed to realized the
collaborative planning for multi-site planning, a Liner planning model is constructed to realized the parallel factories planning
planning, DBR (Drum-Buffer-Rope) theory based model is constructed. Secondly, the hierarchical collaborative planning mod
The Pull type
Enterprise production
Resource control
Planning system
(ERP) systemhasalso
been of a continuing
studied. 2009 IEEE. interest and challenge for researchers and practitioners sin
bottleneck problems under this mechanism have not yet been studied in-depth. This approach proposed a Hybrid Knaban/Co
combined the advantages of Conwip and Kanban control strategy, as well as the theory of constraints (TOC). The hybrid con
formulated with respect to DBR (Drum-Buffer-Rope) technique and a novel TOC based bottleneck resources discovery and sc
presented. To validate its effectiveness, simulations under witness environment were done and the comparison among the C
Time buffercontrol
integrated is a common
systemcontrol strategy
was given. The that Drum-Buffer-Rope
simulation results showed (DBR) thatmethod
the methodapplies wasto indeed
achieveable
production
to solveplanning and p
the bottleneck
manufacturing system. The
improve the productivity andeffect of time
reduced the buffer control
delay time is hard
of the to be verified
production system. asThe
to reduce uncertainty
simulation in remanufacturing
and comparison results showe sy
performance.
system can solve In this
thepaper the end-of-life
bottleneck problem engine remanufacturing
effectively with enhancing flow
of simulation
the systemmodel was developed.
and reducing the delayAnd then
time. time buffe
2009 IEEE
was founded and experimented dynamically with four uncertainty factors in remanufacturing system including processing tim
machine failures rate and repair rate. Outcomes from experimental simulations show that time buffer control enables resour
The changing
increase, business
average Workenvironment
in Process (WIP) in which manufacturers
decrease and system are acting creates
productivity improve.the need
2009 for IEEE.
more effective production proce
control methods that are able to deal with uncertainties inherent in internal processes and external deliveries. The aim of the
multiagent approach method for production planning, scheduling and control applicable in conditions of supply chain (SC) ab
of standard MRP/ERP systems in changing environment. Traditional approaches very often do not consider the influence of un
production processes and supplies. Therefore, there is a need for the integration of manufacturing process planning, schedul
The TOC (Theory
generating Of Constraint)
more realistic Supply plans.
and effective Chain Replenishment
Conceptual frameworkSystem for (TOC-SCRS)
the multiagentis a replenishment
approach method method of thethe
involves TOChybrid
supp
being implemented
advantages by a growing
of MRP simple logic andnumber
theory ofof
companies.
constrainsThe performance
(TOC) reported byall
ability to synchronize the implemented
production companies
and material flowincludes
in supp
lead-time and transportation
how application of TOC buffers costs and increasing
monitoring forecast
procedures accuracy
can help and customer
to improve the control service levels. In application
of synchronized production of and
the TOC-S
mater
chain, the replenishment
2009 Springer-Verlag frequency
Berlin and replenishment lead time are the two required parameters. Generally, the replenishm
Heidelberg.
depends on the public transportation schedule such as ship schedules or its private conveyor schedule. If this node is a plan
The Bufferdepends
frequency is the part on of the
the setprocess that precedes
up frequency the Drum.
in this plant. Whenwhen
However, we keep the Drum beating
the frequency in a plant continuously,
is determined wetomaximize
be prolont
there
lower are delays, in
frequency, andthemoney
set upand opportunity
frequency are forever
migration process, lost. The goods
some purpose willofbethe Buffer is to
confronted keep
with the Drum
inventory filled infor
shortage thetheir
eve
wrong (which
postponed. inevitably happens)
A methodology m dieproposed
is therefore repair process.
in this This
paper way, the Drum
to release thedoesn't
inventory skipshortage
a beat. In orderfor
impact to produce
prolonged maximu
replen
make sure case
A numeric the Drumand aproducing
sensitivityconstantly.
analysis are Smail's processtodoesn't
also utilized evaluate lookthemuch different
application oftoday than it did
the proposed two years
method. ago. TOC
Employing thi
real difference
facilitate a plant lies
or in fully understanding
a central warehouse to the thinking process
successfully implementinvolved in TOC . TOC-SCRS.
an effective TOC has simply changed everything. As Sma
No abstract
grow it is utilizing the tools within TOC Co evolve to the next level. TOC is a true evolutionary process that will deliver results
executed consistently. As business continues this evolution, Smail is anticipating its next TOC strategy. The Future Reality Tre
with processes. Smail is working on elastic capacity within TOC for services. TOC will help the company develop ondeinand c
allow it to respond to its market in real-time, much like an emergency service.
The article discusses the Six Sigma, lean thinking and the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and its applications to the manufactur
refers to the ability of manufacturing processes to produce high output with specification and it is based on the belief that fo
process and business problems. Also known as lean manufacturing, lean thinking refers to a production process that focuses
resources for any goal. Another method is TOC which is aimed at guiding human-based organizations.
This study developed a bottleneck-based heuristic (BBFFL) to solve a flexible flow line problem with a bottleneck stage, wher
exist in all the stages, with the objective of minimizing the makespan. The essential idea of BBFFL is that scheduling jobs at
affect the performance of a heuristic for scheduling jobs in all the stages. Therefore, in BBFFL, a variant of Johnson's rule is u
based initial sequence generator (BBISG). Then, a bottleneck-based multiple insertion procedure (BBMIP) is applied to the ini
order by which jobs enter the bottleneck stage to be the same as that at the first stage. Five experimental factors were used
Lot streaming
production is a technique
scenarios usedproblems
and 10 test to split a were
production lot into
randomly severalin
generated smaller transfer batches.
each scenario. These testIn problems
this way, were
processing
used toa pro
com
production
BBFFL with system
several by overlapping
well-known production
heuristics. between stages
Computational is available.
results show that As
thea BBFFL
result,significantly
production can be accelerated.
outperforms all the In this
well-k
policyM/G/1 queueing system with a non-reliable server is proposed. With the relevant parameters of this queueing system,
in dynamic situations can be solved. To obtain the optimal transfer batch size, a cost objective function including transport c
and holding cost is formulated. Further, in order to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methods, numerical examples ar
citationof
results only
these examples, some important conclusions are drawn.
Improving supply chain performance has become one of the critical issues for gaining competitive advantages for companies
framework using a systematic approach to improving the iterative key performance indicators (KPIs) accomplishment in a su
proposed framework quantitatively analyzes the interdependent relationships among a set of KPIs. It can identify crucial KPI
propose performance improvement strategies for decision-makers in a supply chain. A scenario of a large retail company is a
application of this framework.
Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a philosophy of manag ement put forth by Eliyahu M. Goldratt, which claims that each system
This philosophy is applied in many functional are as of companies, ranging from production flow management, marketing, ac
management to being a tool of logica l reasoning. In this paper, the authors show how the Theory of Constraint s can be app
special att ention paid to TOC- based stock management principles which are impleme nted in the pharmaceutical industry. A
described by the Authors illustrates the possibility of creating hybrid solutions combining TOC with other methods
This paper presents a practical daily batch scheduling problem at one leading global food company for multi-stage, multi-bat
After investigated different approaches of both traditional optimization and simulation technique, the concept of the Theory
adopted to identify the bottleneck activity first, then the problem was converted from a multi-product batch scheduling to a
based scheduling, and the scheduling technique of Drum-buffer-rope (DBR) in TOC was specifically adopted to solve the com
problem. With the help of professional computer software and customized output, it is very efficient and effective for the dai
This article
operate dueanalyzes the methodologies
to no complicated algorithmoforHenry Ford, TaIIchi
programming Ohno, This
involved. and Eliyahu
new TOC Goldratt
approach andhas
presents explicitly thein
been implemented four
its prin
sev
according to these
and is expected operations
to expand management
to other plants. philosophies. The differences among them are related to different instances of th
environments: Ford in his industry focusing on mass production of few (or one) products, Ohno at Toyota with the Toyota prod
Goldratt in a wide range of production environments. The concepts are illustrated and tested in a practical case of implemen
Engineering company. Here, we have the classic case of an unlikely successful attempt to implement a methodology (Lean),
Executive
Constraints summary
(TOC) solved : Leanthis
Sixissue.
SigmaFinally,
(LSS) produces
the limits real results
for the in difficult
solution proposedeconomic times for
by Goldratt by operations
uncoveringmanagement
process waste, (DBRred
activity, and increasing productivity. The benefits are even felt in IT. According to the consulting firm McKinsey & Company,
application development and maintenance costs by up to 40% and that application development productivity may be impro
applying LSS techniques, freeing budget for needed investments. 1 Business process management (BPM) and service-oriente
combine with LSS to accelerate improvements and results. At the same time, they increase organizational flexibility and tech
Line balancing problem
responsiveness. is the bottleneck
Many successful companies of flow
have production.
found thatHow to adjustare
the linkages theclear.
line toEarly
decrease the who
adopters pressure
haveofworked
bottleneck
their wow
mistake rate isbarriers
organizational the frequent focus impressive
are seeing in production. In the paper,
performance andTheory
financialof Assembly Buffer Improved
results: _x0002_ (TAB) is put forward to design
responsiveness rhyth
to market
worker's tension and
through aligned degree model is more
significantly built. flexible
Dynamic and multi-time
business rhythmarchitectures
and technical adjustment of line balancing
_x0002_ Improved is ability
achieved. The instanc
to innovate and
methods put forward
differentiation by driving can change
effectively
intoeliminate
the market theand
negative
tuningimpacts
processes of bottleneck
to meet theoperation on theofstability
specific needs of successive
key market segmentsflo _x
through automation and an improved ability to monitor, detect, and respond to problems by using real-time data, automated
Aiming
escalationat the production
_x0002_ model of
Significantly focusing
lower on pulping
technical and muti-equipment
implementation costs through scattered
shared paper-making,
process modelsthis andpaper
higher proposes
levels ofa co p
of the processing
Lower analysis costs program of paper-making
and reduced risk throughsystem,
processstarting with pulp
simulation and paper
capabilities andbalancing
an improved as entry point.
ability In order
to gain to preser
feedback and b
the previous
rewards can be generation and reduce
great, especially the disruptive
for those who takeeffects
actionof genetic
now. This operator, this paper
paper is intended to uses
help the niche genetic
companies that are algorithm
leaders in fo
simulation
for new ways proof, this methodthemselves
to differentiate was provedfrom by the case
their to have high
competitors. In efficiency
this paper,for wescheduling
describe the problems
key BPM,andSOA,
practical
and LSSvalues.
comp
between them, and summarize the results that leading firms have achieved. We outline the think big, start now steps that ar
The growing
initiative phenomenon
forward. of competitors
In this paper, that use
we also suggest a common
ways interorganizational
to successfully avoid somesystem (IOS) raises
of the barriers that challenging
have hampered strategic
others an
Sometimes organizations
deliver measurable resultsjoin IOS initiatives although it seems to weaken their competitive position. This paper analyzes, in
quickly.
automated Tel-Aviv Continuous Trading system (TACT) implemented by the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) and its members,
inauguration. It examines TACT's organizational feasibility and its critical success factors, using the Theory of Constraints (TO
paper provides a comprehensive analysis of one system, including the point of view of both the initiator (TASE) and the parti
Because of current strong
TACT's implementation globalization
complexity was trend,
furthermanufacturers
escalated since andall planners
users hadare to more
convertwilling
to it to cooperate in many
simultaneously. aspects
Therefore, su
intens
planning
required, and so on. between
especially Accordingly, capacity
Is rael's planning
five largest of supply
banks, whichchain
had should
seemingly alsofaced
be done in order
a value to maximize
paradox the overall
of IOS, since TACT wasinte
Capacity
competitive planning
position in by
supply chaincustomer
reducing is different from traditional
lock-in. This study capacity
contributes planning
to the which confined
informing single
science enterprise. Firstly,
transdiscipline the
by extend
capacity planning incontexts,
interorganizational supply chain
and byis discussed.
introducingSecondly,
the Theory theoftypes of capacity
Constraints as anplanning
effectiveare presented
analysis and method
tool that of capaci
can be integrated
of planning is
framework. also studied.the
It emphasizes Thirdly, the framework
importance for integrated
of a neutral managing planning
intermediary,system is given
provides and its function
guidelines model IOS
for successful is describe
implem
IDEF0. Finally, a success
the maincritical case is presented to show thesystems
factor is information validation of this study.
management skills.
Product Driven Systems (PDS) architecture needs emulation systems [13]. Discrete events simulation is then often used to b
emulation model design is not a trivial task. Also, the goal of this paper is the study of the design of a simulation model by re
According to theory of constraints, we want to build reduced models composed exclusively by bottlenecks and a neural netw
perceptron, is used. The structure of the network is determined by using a pruning procedure. This work focuses on the impa
results. This approach is applied to sawmill internal supply chain.
Semiconductor manufacturing systems are one of the most complex production systems and this complexity increases when
make-to-stock (MTS) and make-to-order (MTO) products in order to improve the production system utilization. To deal with th
dynamic production control and scheduling model for a semiconductor shop (fab) with hybrid MTS/MTO production environm
encompasses two major modules: release module and dispatching module. The release module deals with two issues: priorit
products in the job pool and determining when and which products can be released into the shop floor. The only considered i
In
to the era ofthe
prioritize global
MTSfinancial
and MTO crisis, everyinpenny
products counts.
the queue Thus,workstation
of each the exclusive use of virgin
whenever materials
a machine for production
becomes no longer
idle. To evaluate them
viable alternative
performance to thefor
measures useMTSof virgin
and MTO materials,
products recycling has become
are considered. a popular
Moreover, business
a number of practice.
numerical Recycling,
experiments however, requ
have been
business paradigmsstudies
studies. Simulation that include
indicatethethat
coordination
the proposed of both forward
model and reverse
outperforms other logistics
relatedflows, the substitution
well-known productionofcontrol disposal andforsc
products
literature.throughout their entire life cycles. These changes are often preceded by cultural changes across the supply chain. T
change in reverse logistics activities, this paper proposes a Theory of Constraints (TOC) that can map necessary changes in
This
thosepaper proposed
changes withinthe real-time
various system buffer management
constraints. method which
The usefulness of TOC extends the concept
is validated of 'buffer'
by applying it toby theusing Drum-Buffer-R
recycling processes
technique
burgeoningofChinese
Theory automobile
of Constraints (TOC) according to real-time information. The current DBR buffer is used to supervise asc
industry.
the last stage of the production process, stages managed by the buffer, has arrived. If the product has not arrived the warnin
emitted and the check action for that situation is left to the operators. The problem arises when a meaningless warning sign
affects the operators. The mechanism proposed in this paper suppresses the meaningless warnings by using the detailed sch
This
by thepaper investigates
on-site operatorsthe andbenefits of deliberately
actual result information unbalancing
obtained by operation
the on-site time means for non-automated
instruments. Copyright 2009 production
Indersciencelines. ET
under the steady state condition, with various line lengths, buffer storage sizes, degrees of imbalance and patterns of imbala
analysed using a set of statistical methods resulting in various conclusions being made. It was found that the best configurat
and a monotone decreasing order, with the first resulting in lower idle times and the second leading to lower average buffer
balanced line.
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the relationships among the three elements of the theory of co
observable outcomes expected to be associated with the application of TOC , and organizational performance. Design/metho
which incorporates TOC elements as antecedent to TOC outcomes and TOC outcomes as antecedent to organizational perfor
were collected from 110 organizations identified as TOC adopters, and the model was assessed using a structural equation m
Findings - Results indicate that the proposed model fits the data well. Adoption of TOC yields observable TOC outcomes, whic
This paper documents
unit performance. an investigation
Analysis suggests that of the
drum-buffer-rope (DBR) scheduling
use of TOC is effective in improving and organizational
flow control methodology
performance. in Research
single-product limit
particular,
are developed DBRforflowusecontrol is reviewed
in future TOC research. and the importance
Practical of correctly
implications - TOC representing
is found to be thiseffective
type of flow control mechanism
in improving organizationa in s
Departures from -valid
Originality/value While DBRthisconceptual
work was begun and simulation
much earlier modeling are work
than the illustrated.
of Boyd It is
and shown
Gupta,that thework
this model of a previously
revises their modelpub an
system
scales arenotdeveloped
a DBR system, and that for
and validated related
use by conclusions
future TOC regarding protective capacity and constraint location are unsupporte
researchers.
flow control is shown using discrete simulation experiments that compare the DBR model and a similar push model. Suggest
A
aredynamic
offered.bottleneck dispatching
2008 Elsevier B.V. All(DBD)
rights policy is designed in this paper to detect bottlenecks in a timely way and make ada
reserved.
semiconductor wafer fabrication systems according to the real-time conditions. Control parameters of the proposed DBD alg
response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability functions. Numerical results show that DBD outperforms common sche
FIFO, EDD, SRPT, SPT, SPNB and an existing dynamic bottleneck dispatching method. Keywords: dynamic bottleneck dispatc
wafer fabrication system (SWFS) response surface methodology (RSM) simulation optimisation
As a fictional case study, Eliyahu Goldratt's novel about manufacturing, The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement, prese
approach to production management. As a novel, the book does not emphasise the quantitative details of the plant improve
amount of information about the plant is spread throughout the book. By collecting and analysing this data, a concrete pictu
its improvements may be developed, which can greatly help the book's readers understand and evaluate the cumulative imp
of ongoing improvement'.
Critical WIP loops II (CWIPL II) is a proposed material flow control mechanism for an unbalanced flow line environment. CWIP
determines critical loops in unbalanced lines. The WIP of critical loops identifies the time of releasing raw material to the line
classification for unbalanced flow line which is 'near unbalanced flow line' and 'perfect unbalanced flow line'. In near unbalan
bottleneck and a raw material release to the line if 'WIP of the bottleneck' or 'WIP upstream the bottleneck' is less than defin
unbalanced line there are multiple bottleneck and a raw material release to the line if 'WIP upstream the slowest machine' o
Since the early
bottleneck' 1980s,
is less thanmanufacturing
defined level. Like philosophies
CWIPL, the such as manufacturing
necessary condition for resource
releasing planning
the raw(MRP), just-in-time
material is 'idleness(JIT),ofand
the the
fir
have emerged
compared with as distinct,
CONWIP andviable,
TOC by andsimulation.
competitive planning
Different and control
scenarios systems for
are employed in improving the organisational
the comparison analysis. Theperformanc
scenarios
outlines
number of many similarities
machines, and differences
processing among these
time distribution, philosophies
WIP target and attempts
level. Location of slowestto answer
machinethe and
question:
location what is the
of two best c
primary
mind, this paper
examples. reviewed
Simulation resultstheand
journal articles
statistical comparing
tests TOC with MRP
of 141 numerical and JIT
examples andthat
show provided
CWIPLspecific futurelead
II improves research
time in directio
near u
compete
throughput effectively
in perfectagainst MRP and
unbalanced lineJIT and thereby,
compared with TOCholds. Because
promise, of thetheresults
tradeareoff still inconclusive
between primarilyand
line throughput because the m
lead time,
The
lack article
in oneone
improves presents
respect
of them the
or the results
whileother of
in research
terms of
maintaining on creating
therealistic
other a dedicated
atexamples
previous level planning
modelled, breadth
is valuable. system and shop thatfloor
Itofischaracteristics
shown control
II hasinimproved
considered,
CWIPL the conditions
rigorous meth
TOC in
manufacturing
depth
improved complex
of statistical
CONWIP. products.
analysis The research
performed. In termswas carried
of future out at the
research Marine Diesel
directions, we develop Engines Factory of HCP list
a comprehensive S.A.,
of Poznan.
characteris HC
of high-power
literature marine
reviewed andengines
suggest insome
Europe. The result
specific of the
empirical asresearch is a method
well as analytical for buffering
research streams. critical resources in shop floor c
buffering critical resources include procedures of buffer management, (buffer configuration and optimisation), a system of di
feedback protecting from the destructive influence of 'wandering bottlenecks'. The simulations show that this method is mor
This paper addresses
drum-buffer-rope finite-capacity
production solution,planning
according (orto medium-term
the theory ofscheduling)
constraintsissues (TOC),in a flexible
using flow line such rule.
the first-in-first-out as a semicondu
Finally, the
crystal display (LCD)
work-in-process wereFab,about or 20%
printed circuit
lower thanboard (PCB) Fab.
the solution In such a flexible
recommended to TOCflow . Inline, medium-term
the final part of theschedules such as
article a place and rele
am
schedules
solution in are critical to
a planning achieving
system of the the goal of full-capacity
enterprise are discussed. and on-time production. However, existing finite-capacity planning
reflect the actual capacity profiles of the Fab. This paper presents capacity-filtering algorithms for generating a finite-capacit
infinite-capacity loadingprofile at a processing stage in a Fab. In addition, two types of finite-capacity planning problems are
the algorithms in solving these problems presented. Performance analyses using a real-life case study show that the propose
existing methods. It is postulated that the results presented can be used as a building block for obtaining medium-term sche
While the effect of protective inventory on the performance of simple lines has received considerable attention, the same ca
lines. This paper attempts to meet that deficiency. This paper examines two different but related issues. First, the theory of c
cloud method is employed to show the traditional dilemma of increasing work-in-process (WIP) to fully utilise resources versu
to reduce cycle time. The assumptions and implications of three different management philosophies (traditional, JIT/lean, and
addressing this dilemma with respect to the use of both protective inventory and protective capacity. Second, given an unba
The
fixeduncertainty of routing is
capacity, simulation and processing
used to exploretime,
the the machine failure
effectiveness rate
of using and the maintenance
protective rate are 3the
inventory by changing major stochastic
level of WIP onfat
the remanufacturing
cycle system.
time and throughput. Considering
Two sources ofthe effectsare
variation of these stochastic
simulated: factors,
processing a time
time and buffer model (machine
breakdowns was built failures).
for the reman
At a
drum-buffer-rope
that the amount of (DBR) technique.
protective Taking
capacity the end-of-life automobile
at non-bottlenecks changed withengine as an example,
increases combining
in variability. thethe
Therefore modelling
level of and
WIPcom
inv
complete
inventory)remanufacturing time buffercapacity
and the level of protective control mechanism was established
needed to protect based onplay
against variability DBRa to solverole
critical the in
uncertainties
determiningexisted
cycle tii
system. The simulation
entrant line. While this isresults show thatstudy,
an exploratory the developed
comments time
on buffer control
protective mechanism
inventory improves capacity
and protective the resource utilizationbase
are provided of t
This
cuts paper proceeds
the average
management workwith the existed
in process
philosophies. limitations
(WIP) upstreamanalyzing as while
the bottleneck andDBR
thewas
totalused
WIP,to solve thethe
enhances uncertainties
output rateinofremanufactur
the system.
end-of-life engine remanufacturing system as an example. On the basis of qualitative analysis in the aspects as definition, ca
applicable conditions between inventory-buffer and time-buffer control mechanism, their implementation effects were compa
simulation experiments. Simulating experiments show that two kinds of buffer control mechanism are of high goal consisten
Resource Utilization of bottleneck (RU) and System Productivity (SP) increased, average Work In Process (WIP) in front of bot
Characteristics of production
process (TW) decreased. Fromlogistics in a multi-specification
the perspective andand
of DBR principles small-batch
its goals,production environment
the latter has was studied
better performance thanto realize
the for
production. Then, effect,
aspects as buffer the JIT objective
logistics system wasfor
realization established.
management Based on analyzing
of system and comparing
and controllability among Looking
of production Board (Kanban
planning.
and Constant Work In Process (CONWIP), an improved comprehensive control method on workshop logistics was proposed, w
advantages of the foresaid three strategies to overcome shortcomings. Based on the novel control method, the production m
multi-specification and small-batch production environment was established. Finally, application was carried out to validate t
system.
Product mix problem (PMP) is one of the most important and complicated problems in production systems. Different approac
solve this problem, among them, theory of constraints (TOC) has been widely considered since 1990s. This paper develops a
solve product mix problems that is efficient both in single and multi-bottleneck problems. At first, the new algorithm uses a m
aggregate different priorities assigned to products by different bottlenecks and finds an initial solution. Then tries to improve
of linear inequalities. It is shown that the new approach obtains better solutions than the previous algorithms.
The uncertainty of routing and processing time,the machine failure rate and the maintenance rate are 3 major stochastic fac
the remanufacturing system.Considering the effects of these stochastic factors,a time buffer model was built for the remanu
buffer-rope(DBR) technique.Taking the end-of-life automobile engine as an example,combining the modelling and computer s
remanufactruing time buffer control mechanism was established based on DBR to solve the uncertainties existed in the rema
simulation results show that the developed time buffer control mechanism improves the resource utilization of the bottle nec
This
workpaper focused onupstream
in process(WIP) "bottleneck" identifying and
the bottleneck problem which
the total is the core step
WIP,enhances the of Workshop
output rate ofProduction Scheduling based on O
the system.
Technology(OPT). Analyzed OPT's characteristics and described "bottleneck" resource. The author computed working centers
algorithm, then identified "bottleneck" working center. Used software engineering methods and IT technology to realize the "
module at last. This work has theoretical value and practical significance for solving workshop production schedule's "bottlen
based on OPT.
Shipbuilding is a typical build to order industry. It has a business model that generates revenues from building various ship
accordance with owner s requirements at each production stage. Under uncertainty in shipping market, it is very essential fo
the fast and competitive decision for product portfolio strategy in order to maximize contribution margin by exploiting produ
constraints. In this study, we introduce the unique decision supporting methodology for the optimal product portfolio sets ba
Constraints(TOC). This methodology is established by adopting the concept of Drum Buffer Rope(DBR) in constraints plannin
Nowadays, competition
(TA) in management among enterprises
accounting focuses inDecision
of TOC. In addition, the areaSupporting
of time-controlling and speed.
System(DSS) Quick Response(QR)
is implemented. ability prov
This DSS system of e
their core-competitiveness.
with reflecting This paper
the cost structure points outindustry
of shipbuilding three constraint factorssimulator
and a resource which take effect
built on QR byalgorithms
on heuristic analyzing Theory of Con
to operate m
are as follows:
shipyard how
such as to reduce
dock, preparing
quay and time of
pre-erection production
area effectively
etc. Several howare
examples to build harmonious
presented to showadministration model
that the proposed with su
methodol
clients' demand
effectively quickly.
support After analyzing
the strategic these factors,
decision-making strategies
process to solve
of a global the problems
shipbuilding company.are put forward. The paper also ment
enterprises may meet when they improve QR ability as using TOC.
There are constraints in each system, the problem of supply chain(SC)bottleneck badly influences the whole value of the SC
effect"in supply chain management, this paper makes an analysis to several simple supply chain model and its related bottle
utilization and defective percentage view, then it talks over DBR'application in the field of positioning buffer setting in the su
TOC is a continual improvement philosophy that strives to improve performance globally by optimizing the logistical chain of
focus is on constraints that limit organizational performance. Constraints are finitely loaded to their capacities, while noncon
to the requirements previously established at the constraints.
To overcome the lack of Manufacturing Resource Planning II(MRP II), theory of constraint(TOC) was introduced into managem
system was enhanced.The key is identification and breakthrough of bottleneck.The producing flow of bearing manufacture e
bottleneck is the working procedure of outer-ring.After setting up buffer and improving produce technology, the output of ou
A single machine scheduling with job class setups and realease time is obviously NP-hard problem.Some other problems wel
approches did not guarantee optimality any longer.Some heuristics algorithms could not find the best solution of multi-goals
machine scheduling with job class setups and realease time was constructed based on an improved tabu algorithm, We foun
problem.The simulation results show that it not only can obtain the best optimal solution but also is better than WSPT heuris
can be used to identify the bottleneck resource and to search the better production scheduling of bottleneck resource for the
In the scheduling
order-oriented, of oil transferand
multi-varieties operations
small patch for harbor plants
production containing ships, piers, tanks and pipelines, an optimization mod
model.
However, due to the complexity involved, computational time is a real concern. In this paper, a mixed integer linear program
the literature is studied and a preprocessing procedure is proposed. This procedure is based on the Theory of Constraints (TO
the model compilation time. Since the problem bottleneck is identified, the corresponding constraints are not considered in t
analysis based on LP dual price is also carried out to verify actions taken in the preprocessing step. Although optimality cann
Due-date
obtained show performance
a minor (DDP)
deviation is extremely
from the important
optimal solutionin a make-to-order environment
but with a significant (MTO), buttime
computational despitegain.numerous academic
development of practical methods by industrial practitioners, poor DDP persists. Understanding why high DDP is so difficult t
major barriers to its realization are of high concern. This investigation identifies two main causes for the difficulties in improv
in MTO environments and mode of managing operations. While it is difficult to identify in reality which of the two main cause
should be improved first), it is possible to conduct virtual tests. This study develops an experiment using three scenarios to g
In todays
cause. competitive
Thirty-five teams environment,
containing along totalleadof 245times, poor duefrom
participants datelocal
performance
companies andparticipated
the inabilityintothe adapt to customers
experiment. The expedem
tolerated.
the mode of Asmanaging
a result, many companies
operations is thehaveroot made
cause significant
of poor DDP investments
and shouldin bethe implementation
improved of constraint
first. Accordingly, andof
criteria demand-
good so
approaches
be identified.such as the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR), Dynamic Buffer Management (DBM) and Replenishment (TOC R) solutions
Constraints (TOC) and LEAN. These solutions are designed to provide faster and more reliable deliveries and higher throughp
and investment. However, due to the perceived limitations in functionality of standard ERP systems to support the requireme
Architectural
hybrid environmentsLeadership such is as
a new approach to leadership
engineer-to-order intended to assist
(ETO), make-to-order CEOsassemble-toorder
(MTO), in overcoming obstacles, (ATO) implementing
and make-to-sto str
improvement
perceived highand costenhancing
to modifyvalue. these The Architect
systems, many Leader
have structures value-drivers
chosen expensive through
3rd party uniquePlanning
Advanced core organizational
& Scheduling Method
softw
capabilities,
resources or serve strategy
have opted and widen
to build complex the in-house-developed
strategic horizon. The Architect Leader
Spreadsheets assimilatestothe
and Databases Methods
provide the in the organization
information suppo
lessons
system. learned
Especially andlarge
adjustment of the complain
organisations Methods to thethis
that varying circumstances.
practice not only makes Architect Leaders
IT support nurture
costly, leadership
complex, and a at all org
significan
initiatives
jeopardizes and
theharness all employees,
fast roll-out not justsuch
of best-practices the executive
as TOC (and team, to fulfill of
duplication theresults
organization's
achievedgoals. The Architectural
elsewhere). This paper Leader
presen
The managerial
accessible
the largest and world
does
supplier of has
not
power been
require andinundated
charisma.
automation with
It dozens
istechnology
based onofextensive
sound management
globally, experience
in partnership theories
and during the
hasGoldratt
with successfully last
Researchbeenthree decades.
applied
Labs andinSAP, Among
many bu
overc
Scorecard,
organizations
challenge. AfterActivity-Based-Costing,
and in various
many successful Lean,asSix
industries
implementations Sigma,of
a means TQM,
of TOC,
creating
TOC MBO,
overcompetitive
a periodMCDM, Core
advantage
of 15 years competencies,
(seeand increasing
appendix Vision, Coaching,
forvalue.
sample Outsourci
results achieve
application
key strategic ofenabler
these models has often proved
to competitiveness and as disappointing
an Operational for many companies.
Excellence A major reason
best-practice to includefor the failure
in their of these
rollout mod
of best p
SYNDROME: taking good principles to destructive extremes. This paper analyzes the origins
ERP platform (SAP) as part of a global One-simple-ABB initiative. In the past, one of the major obstacles with the mass-dep of the managerial overdose synd
undesired
been the lack outcomes and from
of support suggests ways toERP
commercial circumvent
systems.them This in the future.
resulted Cases
in many will illustrate
in-house developedthe managerial
& 3rd partyoverdose
IT systems phenth
Se il leader
systems, di mercato
data exchange, vuole rimanere
centralized ITtale,
supportdeveand far sustainability
s che tutto cambi. E se iland
both costly follower
a majordi mercato
businessvuole risk. divenire
In addition,leader,
quitedevoft
da
ERPquesta
systems provocazione,
was mentioned ispirata
as an al obstacle
celebre pensiero del Gattopardo,
to the implementation ofl'originale
TOC on the prospettiva
shop floor.strategica
Recent new presentata dagli autori
developments and s
circolarit
Group in TOC del s
nostro destino
planning andche, nel confronto
execution rules forcompetitivo, si traduce &
managing operations nella successione
logistics (S-DBR,dinamica
TOC R and deiDBM)
giochi di movimento,
meant that, for th
systems such as SAP could potentially support the deployment of TOC within ABB and due to the potential generic applicabil
cater for all the variations and complexities in their 300+ factories around the globe without the need for 3rd party systems.
Advanced Planning Systems are a relatively new software technology. One of the first Advanced Planning Systems was OPT t
testing, so ABB assembled a team of experts from ABB, Goldratt Research Labs and SAP. To focus the team and accelerate th
the Eighties (Schragenheim and Ronen 1990 Silver et al. 1998). OPT is based on the Theory of Constraints (Goldratt 1990), s
communication of the critical ERP modifications, Dr. Eli Goldratt recommended that the team use TOC s Strategy & Tactic T
of a production system have to be represented in detail in a planning system in order to exploit and to control its performanc
developed by Dr. Eli Goldratt to identify, define and communicate all the changes in process, policies and measurements nec
Berlin Heidelberg.
achieve an organizations growth and stability targets. This tool and associated collaborative and concurrent development an
the
The team
theory toof
define, communicate
constraints is playing andan test the IT blueprint
important significance thatinanswered
the operationthe What,
of newHow to and Why
Enterprise for all the
Information modifications
System, becaus
system
ERP/MRPII. (SAP).
DBR This approach
approach played
is the a major part
management toolinofachievement
TOC when appliedof the necessary buy-in system.
to an production from keyDBR stakeholders
production and success
systems as
achievement
an extremely of rapid business
important role. The results
paperatwill thedo pilot plants instudy
a detailed Czech forRepublic
one keyand Korea.
issues of DBRBased ondetermination
- the the results achieved
of buffer and thei
size,
from all stakeholders,
technology. Use queuing thetheory
TOC in to SAP
model solution can now networks
the production be systematically
with machine rolledfailures,
out to any of the
batch 300+
service ABB
and factories
varying aroun
transfer
the average flow time of product in the upstream processes before bottlenecks and assembly and the standard deviation of
Developing
calculate thea size
plantoflayout for a manufacturing
time buffer. 2008 Taylorfacility is aGroup,
& Francis projectLondon.
that utilizes a combination of art and science. Although cre
an activity that has been performed by manufacturing and industrial engineers for decades, there is no one set formula or m
achieving the best possible optimum outcome. Many manufacturing companies are striving to adopt lean production techniq
enhance flow of products through their production facilities. Tools utilized to implement lean production techniques include: K
first-out (FIFO) lanes, pacemaker processes, management time frames, etc. Numerous companies are also implementing the
A dynamic
which classified work-in-process
is a management philosophy to(DC-WIP) release demand
meet customer rule is proposed
through to meet the requirement
synchronized production,oftomulti-objective
enhance flow of optimizati
products
manufacturing
corporation at an line with multiple
expedited rate. orders. It is based
TOC utilizes on the
tools like fuzzy algorithm,
drum-buffer-rope theory
(DBR), of constraints
throughput and feedback
accounting, control. DC-W
and constraint mana
determination of orderare
Although, companies priority,
strivingdetermination
to implementoflean release rate and WIP
manufacturing andlevel
TOCsetting.
trough Bytheusing a simulationofmodel
implementation with essenti
the above mentio
semiconductor
implementing an manufacturing line, DC-WIP
optimized macro-flow was facilities.
in their comparedMacro-flow
with otheristraditional release of
the optimization rules. The simulation
the entire flow within results show th
the facilities
rules
them on cycle time,
to avoid WIP level and
sub-optimization on-time-delivery
within rate. As or
narrow departments a result, the whole
functional areas. performance of semiconductor
Lean manufacturing and TOC stressmanufacturing
the impo
Build-to-order
by using DC-WIP.
consistent (BTO) supply
2008
macro-flow chain
IEEE.
within is a successful
the entire manufacturingpattern for satisfying
facility end customer
for products, to achieveneeds. But the
the highest present
impact in product
improving control
the prs
JIT are difficult to plant.
a manufacturing work inForBTO supplythe
creating chain.
mostInoptimum
this paper, a new theoretic
macro-flow within aapproach to bottleneck identification
facility, dimensionless block diagrams in BTO
havesupply
been
approach
engineers.isHowever,
combinedthe with
waythethese
dimensionless and diagrams
block input/outputare control.
created Using this approach,
and implemented bottlenecks
have are defined,
a lot of subjectivity bua
production
suggests ancontrol are means
objective discussed.
usingThen a production
weightages control
to create themodel based onblock
dimensionless the bottlenecks
diagram toisreduce
developed and analyzed.
the substantial At la
subjecti
describe
creation ofthe model
the is made. block diagrams. With the proposed method, facility planners will be better able to optimize the
dimensionless
Production planning
manufacturing facility and
as controls usually
necessitated byinvolve numerous business
lean manufacturing and TOC application
principles.systems,
Americanincluding manufacturing
Society for Engineeringexecution
Educa
resource planning (ERP), advanced planning and scheduling (APS) and other information systems. Implementing each of the
costly and time-consuming project. Moreover, due to the fierce competition in the global market, mass customization has be
demand-driven environment which increases the difficulties in the integration of heterogeneous information systems. This re
approach to examine the business application integration processes in the demand-driven environment and to identify poten
Specifically, this study proposes a reference framework of integrated application systems for production planning and shop-fl
several implications of such large-project implementation. 2008 IEEE.
Based on theory of constraints, according to bottleneck machine in production system and its buffer status, using buffer initi
presented the automatic guided vehicle (AGV) dispatching strategy driven by bottleneck machine. Ensured bottleneck mach
production load of machine and production assignment in system, and assigned relevant AGV to transport material for bottle
and blocking preferentially according to the relation of its starvation and blocking time and transport time of free AGV, It ma
fully without starvation and blocking. System simulation testifies this dispatching could reduce work-in-process inventory and
The ability of
productivity. rapid
2008response
IEEE. has become more and more as a competitive advantage for enterprises in the modern market.
realized without an advanced methodology been applied in the present manufacturing environment which demands the prod
products at reasonable costs due to globalization, mass customization, supply chain management efficiencies and just-in-tim
shorter production lead time, and customer demand uncertainty. Although the TOC approach has been successfully been app
there are still some problems remains. This paper introduces a new TOC method proposed by Eli Schragenheim named S-DB
citation only used to deal with the problems that appears in traditional TOC implementations, and few examples has been us
Rope) which
methodology. 2008 IEEE.
Considering the complexity and uncertainty of production planning in large manufacturing enterprise, hierarchical planning a
solution to overcome the difficulty of scheduling both in long term and short term. Choosing a discrete task-oriented manufa
a hierarchical planning and scheduling model is developed, which consists of key resource leveling, detailed operation sched
The upper level optimizes the bottleneck resource allocation based on aggregate networks of product, to make a feasible lon
schedule is then generated in medium level, using more detailed network the schedule is finally executed in bottom level, w
Many companies
scheduling strategy need to providethe
to eliminate fastplan
anderror.
reliable deliveries,
To solve and want
the model, the information systems task
universal aggregate support for them.
network model Therefore, this
and the algo
reusable
researched.Theory of Constraints
The simulation (TOC)
result based production
demonstrated that theplanning and scheduling
hierarchical support
method is valid andinto SAP, and
valuable provides an overview
in practice.
production planning and scheduling IS support. It briefly describes the ABB S-DBR construction and the results of implement
construction supports buffer management, planned load, choking release of orders, POOGI (Process Of On-Going Improveme
requirements planning. The pilot factory is happy: the construction provides realistic delivery times instantly, removes separ
INTRODUCTION
in Excel, releases Incorrect
OperationsordersManagement courses,process,
into the production both at the
andundergraduate
prioritizes them and graduate
during levels,The
execution. oneliterature
of the topics
studytypica
show
Constraints (TOC). The
new to the research andTOC was first introduced
practitioners. Therefore,by theGoldratt in The Goal
implementation, (Goldratt
the blueprint& and
Cox,the
1986) and The Goal
experiences are ofis interest
the required
to bo
courses.
researchersTheseeking
Web-based interactive
to improve exercise described
the planning here requires
and scheduling practices. students to use the TOC process in a simulated environ
money. In addition to allowing the students to actively apply the TOC, the interactive exercise allows the instructor to evalua
examination of student results from the simulation allows the instructor to quickly determine if the students truly understand
The existing technology of flow manufacturing, which is mainly appropriate for high volume and repetitive production, is pro
high-mix/low-volume environments. To adapt lean production into the latter, a new type of flow manufacturing is proposed b
management technology. This paper first describes the general operation framework of the proposed new mode. The main id
of adaptable virtual production lines (called flow paths) corresponding to different product families. The application of differe
constraints/drum-buffer-rope (TOC /DBR) control policies depends on the differences in scope of variety and scale of demand
In
Theorder to resolve
overall bottleneck
architecture of theidentification and shifting
proposed mechanism problem, based
of constraint on a probabilistic
management-based analysis
operation method
and which
control includes th
is introduced. Fo
start probability,
mathematical individual demand
programming methodprobability
is suggested of operation for machine
for the dynamic planningandofmachine aggregate
flow paths, and a TOC demand, a look-ahead heur
/DBR 'path-specific' me
machine
scheduling with the highest
is used for the aggregate
control over demand probability
each flow path.Wefor thestudy
also mostother
contended
criticalmachine/time
issues including interval is consideredand
the identification likely
manth
subproblem,
bottlenecks, and is designed
the settingfor identifying
of the buffer bottleneck
size in themachine dynamically.Finally,
deployment of the TOC /DBR The simulation
mechanism. and factual
2008 application
Higher Education valida
Pres
bottleneck machine effectively and reduce complication of solving large-scale job shop scheduling problems.
Supply chain management is a topic that many practitioners and students generally find difficult to understand (Boudette, 2
supply chain game that they have found to be an effective tool to increase student interest in and comprehension of supply
supply chain game literature is briefly reviewed. The poker chip game is discussed with respect to the well-known Beer Gam
multi-product, multi-customer, multi-echelon, stochastic supply chain game used to teach the problems of traditional push m
quantity/reorder point and Min-Max inventory models) and the elements of the new pull models (Just inTime and Theory of C
Shipbuilding is a typical build to order industry. It has a business model that generates revenues from building various ships
accordance with owners requirements at each production stage. Under uncertainty in shipping market, it is very essential fo
the fast and competitive decision for product portfolio strategy in order to maximize contribution margin by exploiting produ
constraints. TOC (theory of constrains) proposed by Dr. Goldratt in 1979 has been evolved into a management philosophy w
spanning a multitude of operations management sub-disciplines.[1] In this study, we introduce the unique decision supportin
Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) planning
optimal product portfolio sets based andoncontrol provides
TOC . This synchronous
methodology flow through
is established by work areas
adopting the using minimum
concept of Drum amounts
Buffer of in-p
Rope
However,
planning andthe Throughput
effectiveness of DBR(TA)[3][4][5]
Account is compromised by high levels
in management of variability
accounting which
of TOC . Incan cause Decision
addition, constraint resources System
Supporting to shift
in DBR schedules,
applying buffer positions
this methodology. This DSS and bufferprovides
system sizes becoming ineffective
a throughput in ensuring
estimator maximum
with reflecting thesystem throughput
cost structure levels. A m
of shipbuildin
measuring the on
simulator built levels of variability
heuristic algorithmsat single processes,
to operate majorby combining the variability
constraint-resources arising
in shipyard from
such asvarious
dock, quaysources, such that im
and pre-erection
actual and potential
are presented to show constraint
that the resources may be possible.
proposed methodology and Cycle
system timecanprobability
effectivelydistributions
support the are developed
strategic for individual
decision-making p
pro
A
to semiconductor foundry
identify the relative
company. is essentially
levels of blockinga and
make-to-order
waiting that (MTO)
may factory.
arise due Yet,
to in a low-demand
differences season,levels
in variability it maybetween
enter into a hybri
sequentia
make-to-stock (MTS) range
information, a wider as wellofas MTO products
methods can thento be
maintain
used tohigh utilization
offset the effectsof machines. Thisand
of variability research
improve proposes a scheduling
the effectiveness m
of D
MTO/MTS
Indersciencesystem with machine-dedication characteristics, a constraint imposed on the process route caused by the advance
Publishers.
technology. The scheduling method aims to achieve a high on-time delivery rate for MTO products as well as a,high throughp
Simulation experiments show that the proposed scheduling method outperforms representative methods in the literature. (C
Decisions regarding production planning and control strategy (PPCS) choices can be classified as strategic, whereas paramet
reserved.
tactical nature. However, readjustment is often skipped either as a result of a lack of planning expertise or because it would
For this reason, robustness, which is defined as PPCS behaviour within dynamic environments, is investigated. To achieve a g
sensitivity on parameter changes in a production system, PPCS stability is examined. An eM-Plant based simulation model is
service-level performance of material requirement planning (MRP), Kanban, constant work in process (CONWIP) and drum-bu
with attention to the work in process (WIP). Although the service-level performance of CONWIP exceeds that of the other sys
maintain its advantage under dynamic conditions. The paper seeks to support industrial practitioneers both in their choice o
parametrize the PPCS successfully.
The capacity available-to-promise (CATP) concept, which is designed to enhance the available-to-promise (ATP) feature in MR
strategy from make-to-stock (MTS) to make-to-order (MTO), was developed recently. In contrast to an ATP, which is the future
projected by master production schedule, a CATP provides a detailed and time-phased diagram of unused production capacit
marketing personnel to establish realistic order promise dates and concentrate on selling idle capacity in the future, and ena
preferred future capacity. This study proposes a CATP model for drum-buffer-rope (DBR) systems. The DBR scheduling system
The impact
schedule of buffering
systems and isunder just being
currently in timeimplemented
(JIT) and theoryby aofgrowing
constraints
number(TOC)
of is studied to determine
manufacturing companies. whether a difference
This CATP model ci
systems facedpromising
the due-date with unplanned machine downtime.
and exploitation of bottleneck. Comparisons
This CATP aremodelbased
canonalsoresults obtained from
be embedded simulation
in current of a five-stat
commercial or priv
substrate manufacturing.
so as to enhance Analysis of the simulation output suggests that the TOC technique, drum-buffer rope (DBR), achiev
their effectiveness.
performance as measured by total output and lead time while reducing inventory requirements relative to the tested JIT tech
system performance stems from the strategic placement of buffers in DBR, which maximises protection of the constraint from
The presentto
attempting paper describes
protect an analytical
each individual station.approach
Further, based on reliability
analysis suggestsanalysis
that DBRtosystems
determinearethe
more sizes of constraint
robust buffer a
than JIT systems
drum-buffer-rope-controlled
maintain higher levels of system production system.across
performance Everyamachine
range ofininventory
the system is modelled as a two-state named as up and do
levels.
with these canonical models and the relationships between the feeder and fed machines, the models for determining constra
buffer are constructed. To illustrate the approach's practical usefulness, a numerical example is presented. Based on the dat
constraint buffer, the more feeder machines, the smaller the buffer size needed. And for assembly buffer, the more feeder m
The
size present
needed.paperThen, describes
two pieces anofanalytical
advice forapproach based on
the production reliability
managers to analysis
effectively to use
determine the sizes of constraint
production-controlling policiesbuffer a
are pro
drumbufferrope-controlled production system. Every machine in the system is modelled as a two-state named as up and d
with these canonical models and the relationships between the feeder and fed machines, the models for determining constra
buffer are constructed. To illustrate the approach's practical usefulness, a numerical example is presented. Based on the dat
constraint buffer, the more feeder machines, the smaller the buffer size needed. And for assembly buffer, the more feeder m
This paper aims
size needed. to describe
Then, two pieces andofanalyse
advice for thethe
main characteristics
production managers of articles on reverse
to effectively use logistics published in the
production-controlling production
policies are proa
field, in order to determine the evolution of this current research over recent years and improve our understanding of this iss
with the articles on reverse logistics published in the most relevant journals within the period 19952005, and we have explo
methodology and the techniques of analysis, as well as other relevant aspects of the research. We have evaluated the first d
logistics, observing what has been done and how, where and by whom it has been carried out. The result is an extensive rev
This papercreated
that have develops and new bottleneck-based
developed the reverse heuristics
logisticswith machine
concept, selection
outlining somerules to solve
directions ofthe flexible
research flow
for theline
nearproblem with
future and
in each
those stage
who beginandtoa research
bottleneckonstage in the flow line. The objective is to minimize the number of tardy jobs in the problem. T
this topic.
steps: (1) identifying the bottleneck stage (2) scheduling jobs at the bottleneck stage and the upstream stages ahead of the
dispatching rules to schedule jobs at the downstream stages behind the bottleneck stage. A new approach is developed to fi
jobs at the bottleneck stage, and two decision rules are developed to schedule the jobs on the bottleneck stage. This new ap
This paper
difficulty offocuses on a job-shop
determining scheduling
feasible arrival timesproblem with
of jobs at themultiple
bottleneckconstraint
stage. Inmachines
order to(JSPMC).
evaluateAthe constraint scheduling
performance of the me
pro
proposed. It dividesrules
known dispatching the machines
are examinedin thefor shop into constraint
comparison purposes.and Six
non-constraint
factors are usedmachines based
to design onproduction
729 a new identification
scenarios,met an
reduced
generated problem
for each only for constraint
scenario. machines
Computational whileshow
results replacing
that the operations of non-constraint
proposed heuristics machines
significantly with time
outperform lags.
all the The
well-kn
scheduled
analysis of explicitly by solving
the experimental the reduced
factors problem with
is also performed andan efficient
several heuristic,insights
interesting while the non-constraint
into the heuristicsmachines are schedu
are discovered.
due date (EODD) dispatching rule. Extensive computational results indicate that the proposed constraint scheduling algorith
Drum-Buffer-Rope
off between solution scheduling method
quality and (DBR) and
computation time simulation
compared tool ARENA
with variouswere used to
versions ofsimulate thebottleneck
the shifting production(SB)
process in a ca
methods fo
appliance's remanufacturing system. The simulation model of DBR was established and the dynamic checking for the reman
was implemented. It was explained in detail how to make use of the DBR model founded to identify and eliminate the resour
improved the recourse utilization rate and benefits of remanufacturing system. Outcomes from experimental simulations sho
enables to come true identifying and eliminating recourse constraints and their influences By offering the optimal value of B
The aim of this
phenomenon ofarticle
queueisdelaying
to develop andunit
in the demonstrate
of constrainta theory of constraints
is eliminated and the(TOC)
supply model that utilizes
uncertainty Hurwicz criterion
of remanufacturing in es
system
weightage associated
objective functions as to each product
Recourse in the
Utilization constrained
rate resources.
and Net Profit are alsoThe decision model compares four alternatives . . .
optimized.
The application of theory of constraints in the production management should do some relevant research for adaptation to th
manufacturer in discrete manufacturing model.In view of the actual enterprises conditions and on the basis of overall investi
fact, this thesis accomplished the business process modeling by using the modeling method of Petri nets and identified the p
using production management of SAP.In modeling, the technique research-and-development and adjustment are tried to be
production process and be build in the model of SAP-PP.The problem about how to apply in SAP is solved by setting up virtua
Most
everybuilding
node in projects neglectprocess
the production that despite minimizing
is entered into thethe project
system ofduration, the uncertainty
SAP as "production orderof constraints, such
confirm".Then as the
the time uncer
wave of
machine,
calculating orstan-dard
weather still jeopardizes
deviation.An the project
effective scheduling
method reliability
of bottleneck and influences
identification the is
in reality resources
offered. arrangement causing the
contractor must combine the project scheduling with planning to reduce the uncertainty of the project activities and project
attempted to improve the relationship between activities, revise the uncertainty of activities, and reduce the uncertainty of s
reliability of building project scheduling by applying the concepts of Theory of Constraint (TOC). To demonstrate the effects o
The approach
in building of backward
project simulation
scheduling combined of
by the application theTOC
theory
, theofauthors
constrain (TOC)
take one is proposed
high-rise for HFS
building SchedulinginofTaiwan
constructed grouped
as ajob
c
backward
enhancement simulation is usedreliability.
of scheduling to get a schedule of HFS results
The simulation part before bottleneck
are compared tostage and Evaluation
Program forward simulation is used
and Review to get (PE
Technique as
bottleneck
comparisons stage. The heuristic
illustrate and all
that the DBR, steps ofmodel
proposed this theory are listed.
can enhance theSince the approach
reliability bothplanning.
of schedule has the flexibility of simulation
TOC, it can not only work out a better schedule of HFS Scheduling of grouped jobs, but also reduce the time of operation.
MRP(Manufacturing Resource Planning)JIT(Just In Time) and TOC(Theory Of Constraint) are important theories and tools of
improving productivity and enhancing the level of manufacturing management. On the basis of analyzing and comparing the
MRPJITTOC, gives a manufacturing management mode and establishes a model that integrates the MRPJIT and TOC,
manufacturing process information system is developed. A good effect was achieved after the system is applied in manufact
valve shopfloor.
Abstract: TOC (Theory of Constraints) is widely known as a management strategy that tries to optimize the whole manufactu
is to increase throughput of the production system through repeating a procedure continuously - identifying a primary CCR (C
Resources), utilizing its productive capability, and advancing continuous improvements to it. Adding the increase of sales op
lead-time has to reduce through realizing small work-in-process inventory in production processes in order to increase the th
the measure producing profits. For the realization of the high throughput, Drum Buffer Rope Scheduling (DBRS) has been use
This paper
advance presents
TOC a simulation-based
effectively. However, thereprocedure to implement
exist problems TOC policy DBRS
that implementing in a manufacturing
is difficult andenvironment
complex under with multiple
the changebo o
an extension of
environment, theas
such single bottleneck
demand case and
fluctuation originally
machineproposed by Kasemset
breakdown. That is, and
when Kachitvichyanukul
a non-constraints (2005). The in
capability procedure
flow shop usf
bottlenecks,
breakdowns, set theup CCRDBR system
may and evaluate
be changed the performance
- the non-constraint mayofbe the
setnew system.
to new CCR.The casesa with
In such case,multiple
it is verybottlenecks
difficult to are
findm a
cases
many with single To
processes. bottleneck.
cope withStarting
the problem,with bottleneck
we proposed identification, bottlenecks
new TOC scheduling are identified
method by (Pull-Push
called PPS conductingscheduling)
simulation using
expe
bottlenecks.
type production After the real
instead of bottlenecks
DBRS. PPS bringsare identified, more simulation
out advantages experiments
of Pull type and Push typeare carried out to determine
simultaneously, and canbuffer
respondsizetofo
t
Production
The final step
environment planning
well. and control
is to Moreover,
establish we (PP&C)
the DBR systems hold twoofconflicting
(Drum-Buffer-Rope).
examined effectiveness The requirements
theperformance
proposed TOCevaluationin tension
scheduling is doneon
methodtothe onethe
verify
through hand achieving
effectiveness
numerical an
of o
experim t
ensuring
is
of given reliable
to
the whole illustrateexecution of that plan.
the procedure.
optimization developed Demand
in this and and
research, process variability
verified underlie
the flexibility this tension
against and drive
the various the need to protect t
changes.
buffering in the form of inventory, capacity and forward load. Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (SDBR) is a PP&C methodology th
conflict by integrating the planning process with buffer management. This paper describes buffer management in the contex
been applied within a fresh food processing company (FCF). The paper concludes that the approach is well suited to compan
Several studies have
market demands short shown that
reliable when
lead timesbothin statistical
the context fluctuations and of
of high levels dependent
variation events exist, unbalanced
and uncertainty. The resultsproduction lines
of this action
By definition,
together with unbalanced
the wider issueslines surrounding
have some amount the need ofto
protective capacityinbuilt
manage buffers into them
the context of however, little research exists to ad
PP&C systems.
and position of protective capacity necessary to counteract the impact of variation on system performance. This research se
understanding concerning the shape of protective capacity in unbalanced lines when faced with variation in the form of unpl
Both Kanban and drum-buffer-rope (DBR) controlled lines are investigated. Results show that balancing the protective capac
The
bothpurpose
increasingof this
and paper is to examine
decreasing protective thecapacity
use of V-A-T
shapes analysis in the
(holding management
average protective ofcapacity
supply chain
equal).networks.
Results Design/meth
also show th
paper provides
differently than aDBR conceptual
lines. overview of V-A-T analysis as a procedure for categorizing manufacturing facilities, and explores
a technique for the management of supply chain networks. Findings There are several challenges to the effective managem
networks. However, organizations can overcome these challenges by understanding the nature of network control points as
application of V-A-T analysis on their supply chains. Research limitations/implications The paper is conceptual in nature and
This paperresearch
empirical puts forward thePractical
studies. defections of ERP(MRP)
Implications Thewhen making
concepts production
presented canplan in general,
be used andchain
by supply on theprofessionals
basis of this,toadva
incr
/DBR-based
effective supplyAPS chain
system.Then,
management this paper
within mainly dis-cusses the and
their organizations, appropriate
by supply solution which is about
chain researchers the integration
to further explore theof the
useAPS
of
TOC theorysupply
examining and APS system,
chain the potential
networks. problemsand
Originality/value Thefeasible schemes
paper makes between
a start ASP
in filling a and
voidERP
in theareliterature
also advan-ced.Further
concerning how
promising
as a tool toprospects
facilitate in this area,
improved they are
supply chaina TOC -based operation for manufacturing in high mix and low volume environmen
management
of ERP/APS/MES enterprise SCM system which is built on the core of APS.
Services now account for a larger portion of the economy than manufacturing for every nation on Earth. But there is still a la
researches and studies to help prosper the service firms. In this paper, we investigate the functions, contents and developm
Planning and Control (PPC), then construct an integrated PPC system for service firms according to their distinctive character
process, and set up an evaluation index system for the integrated MRPII/JIT/TOC system to improve their efficiency and perfo
This paper analyses a case study of a dynamic expert system which was developed according to the theory of constraints (T
implemented at the Ashdod refinery of Oil Refineries Ltd in Israel, as part of an overall improvement process based on the fo
philosophy. The unique feature of the system is its ability to cope with dynamic bottlenecks typical of the continuous process
shifts from an external market constraint to internal capacity constraints. The paper examines the development and implem
expert system along with the new process control, and evaluates its impact. The system creates a dynamic, effective and im
No abstractplanning and the operation control, which enables the oil refinery to maximize its profits. During the first two yea
production
generated over $3 million of estimated benefits. Finally, we suggest practical implications to assist organizations in developi
applications, emphasizing knowledge gathering and maintenances, which are the major challenges facing expert systems pr
Total productive maintenance (TPM), total maintenance assurance, preventive maintenance, reliability-centered maintenance
innovative approaches to maintenance problems all aim at enhancing the effectiveness of machines to ultimately improve p
concepts demands a unique decision support system for maintenance resources planning, and implementing each of them r
of work. Introducing computer-aided maintenance resources planning (CAMRP) system is a major challenge because the mai
environment is usually traditional and unfavorable to change. This paper presents a computer-aided planning system for a m
Traditionally,
that serves a answer
numberthe questions of when
of manufacturing to replenishand
facilities, how
each consisting of many to high-precision
a set of replenishusing varies
CNC forecasting
machining methods
centers. are
The work
supply
businesschain
unitinventory management.
is responsible However,
for preventive the
as well asuncertainty with changeful
corrective maintenance demandofoften
activities makes
all CNC variouswithin
machines kindsthe
of predict
differe
efficient. To solve decision
newly developed the problem, the tool
support demand-pull
embodiesand a setbuffer management
of structured of TOC
heuristics replenishment
methods method developed
for the coordination byamong
of tasks Dr. Go
solution in this
help conduct research.
different Using a leading
maintenance company
activities of TFT-LCD industry
of manufacturing units inin
a Taiwan to be the case
more synchronized to Through
way. evaluatewhat-if-analyses,
the feasibility an
result
foundedshows that TOC
decisions solution planning
for capacity provides a better
are performance
synchronizes in TDD and
maintenance IDD than
activities to traditional methods. start and expected
predict maintenance
The changing
to lower costs business environment in which manufacturers are acting creates the need for more effective production proce
methods that are able to deal with uncertainties inherent in internal processes and external deliveries. The aim of the paper
for production planning and control applicable in conditions of supply chain (SC) able to overcome the limitation of standard
changing environment. Conceptual framework for the method involves the hybrid solutions combining the advantages of MR
constrains (TOC) ability to synchronize all production and material flow in supply chain. Authors discuss how application of T
Bottleneck
procedures limits the to
can help throughput
improve theof acontrol
system, of and multiple bottlenecks
synchronized production make the system
and material flow harder to plan
in supply chain.and control.
Finally In this
paper presep
based
method method for production
for creation planning system
of an agentbased and control
that when multiple
integrate bottlenecks
the parties exist
involved in Especially,
supply chain.an algorithm for bottleneck sc
presented, and some simulation study has been carried out in an electronics manufacturing enterprise to validate its effect.
citation only
Theory of Constraints (TOC) is considered a promising approach to material flow control. Successful applications are implem
production includes fixed capacity bottlenecks . However, key limitations in many production companies are the floating cap
workplaces or devices that tend to become bottlenecks depending on the portfolio of products processed. These bottlenecks
applying the relatively simple TOC principles and tools. Putting them into practice is limited especially by the lack of knowled
procedures for analysis and identification of floating bottlenecks. The paper presents possible ways to elimination of mention
This study
capacity presents a and
calculations simulation-based
computer simulation.procedure to identify bottleneck station(s) related to Theory of Constraints (TOC). Bo
by running simulation model of existing system to collect data of the utilization of each machine/process and the time betwe
each machine/process. Three factors, the machine/process utilization, the process utilization factor () and the product bottl
identify potential bottleneck candidates. The real bottleneck must come from the process that has high value of two factors
machine/process and the utilization factor and low value for the bottleneck rate. The simulation is used again to evaluate the
This paper
capacity of addresses
a bottleneck thecandidate.
problem ofIf dispatching
no improvementin flowshops with bottleneck
in throughput is observed, machines.
then theThe presence
station is notofa bottleneck
bottleneck machin
and the
throughput in flowshops.
the other bottleneck The objective
candidate. Numerical is toexamples
develop dispatching
are given torules for scheduling
illustrate the proposed by taking into in
procedure account the presence
both case of
of single bot
measures
bottlenecks. of performance are the
Springer-Verlag minimization
Berlin Heidelbergof2007.
total flowtime of jobs, the minimization of the sum of earliness and tardine
minimization of total tardiness of jobs, considered separately. Many existing conventional dispatching rules and the proposed
extensively investigated for their performance by generating a large number of problems of various sizes and bottleneck con
Research
experimentalon Just-in-Time
investigation (JIT),
showTotal Quality
that Management
the proposed (TQM),rules
dispatching Total emerge
Productive Maintenance
to be superior to (TPM), Supply Chain
the conventional Managem
dispatching
Constraints (TOC) generally investigate the implementation and impact of these programs in isolation. However, many resea
rights reserved.
conceptually the value of understanding the joint implementation and effect of manufacturing programs. This paper investig
these three letters paradigm and describes a synergistic relationship among JIT, TOC , TPM, TQM, and SCM. The survey resul
industries underlines the need of joint implementation for revitalizing manufacturing. The theoretical argument leads to conc
This
which paper
havepresents
implementeda genetic algorithms
jointly (GA) simulation
will outperform approachthat
the organizations in solving a multi-attribute
have implemented only combinatorial
one or none. dispatching (MA
flow shop with multiple processors (FSMP) environment. The simulation is capable of modeling a non-linear and stochastic pr
commonly used metaheuristics and are a proven tool for solving complex optimization problems. The proposed GA simulatio
complex MACD problem. Its solution quality is illustrated by a case study from a multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) manuf
search results are often sensitive to the search parameters, this research optimized the GA parameters by using regression a
Ordering
showed that systems
the GAare the focus approach
simulation of this work. Ordering systems
outperformed several are information
commonly usedsystems
dispatchingwhich schedule
rules. or organize requirem
The improvements are ran
and materials
the other hand, and/or control the
the increased production and complexity
shop-floor-control purchase orders emission/release
may hinder being ableoftothe
the implementation restrain
system.or Finally,
not rules of seque
future res
context,
discussed. this paper intends: to present a new nomenclature for ordering systems, Systems for Coordinating purchase and pro
present a typology that is able to classify all the systems in a rational way to discuss some systems which have high potentia
and that are relatively unknown in Brazil and, to highlight a theme which is highly important to Production Planning and Con
There areliterature.
Brazilian many kinds of delay in real-world production systems caused by many reasons including unexpected accidents. A
great damages for not only itself but also the other affected orders. To prevent these types of loss from frequent delay, DBR
scheduling method of TOC (Theory of Constraints) manages production schedule observing the state of time buffers. The cur
method for DBR scheduling is very simple and depends on user's experience. Although it makes possible to keep the due tim
leads to the redundant production lead time and stock. For DBR scheduling, it is not clear how the buffer size should be set.
Dynamic
proposes pricing
a bufferissize
crucial to supply
setting method chain system
for DBR survival providing
scheduling and development,
a numerical andmodel
it is anfor
important
the buffer foundation for inter-firm
size. In addition, a simuc
introduces
comparisonthe complexity
between of structure
the current method andandrelationship
the proposedof supply
method,chainand system constructed
the effect with themethod
of the proposed products is chain,
shown.and intro
searching for the supply chain system constraints by using theory of constraints (TOC) and combined weighted geometric av
The paper proposes a method of dynamic pricing strategy considering the structure complexity and the relationship complex
The price of the product of the constraint's link is regarded as the pricing criterion, and the constraints set is regarded as the
This
paper.research is conducted
The feasibility of thismainly
strategy to is
focus
alsoon constraints
analyzed in the
through thereverse
numericallogistics systemThese
simulation. of End-of-Life
works not home
onlyappliance
expand the in Ch
ap
Remanufacturing Plant, Resource technology,
attributes group decision-making Constraints in andsystem
enhance are the
identified by logistics
reliability simulation,
of identifying systemand then theyand
constraints arepricing
eliminated fi
criterio
Buffer-Rope
best performance(DBR) ofscheduling
supply chainof Theory of Constraints.
management, Inventory
and improve the Buffer
systemisinset thejust before
cycle the constraint
of identifying unit as well constrain
and eliminating as buffer
Outcomes suggests that DBR scheduling is exactly an effective approach to eliminate Resource Constraints and it enables to
optimizing parameters of throughput (T), investment (I) and operating expense (OE), even logistics balance. Copyright ASCE
Under fairly special circumstances, there are some special methods that can be used to attempt to increase the production r
systems. In this paper an attempt has been made to use the theory of constraint (TOC) approach to identify the critical mach
alternatives are considered to increase throughput of the critical machine. This process is continued till the required through
system. For large production line systems this approach will be tedious and time consuming. Hence we have attempted to ge
by integer linear programming (ILP) to increase the throughput. Data has been collected from an automobile ancillary manuf
As
themanufacturing
model. The TOC organizations
embedded ILP develop
has beene-Business
used tostrategies,
increase the thethroughput
product development
with minimum process is also embracing
investment. electroniL
Springer-Verlag
chains, which are groups involved in sequences of related product design events, play critical roles in the overall Product Life
distributed and electronic product design environments are not optimized for successful output based on certain constraints,
information infrastructures and poor product data management. Benefits of superior electronic product design chain models
quality, (ii) reduced time-to-market for products and (III) improved overall global competitiveness. This paper presents a fram
For successfulofoperation
functionality of closed-loop
product design chains. Itsupply
applieschains, product acquisition
lean principles and the conceptfrom customers
of Theory plays a key role.which
of Constraints, Most is cases prese
a manage
have looked at environments.
manufacturing products that stillThehave a considerable
proposed framework marginal valueto
is compared ofan
time or short
existing life cycles.
design methodInwithsuchstrong
cases,points
it seems mor
highligh
return
with a products at the end
brief discussion of their
on model life cycle. But for a wide range of products such as apparel, the opposite is the case. This
limitations
classification of products for end-of-life acquisition based on the marginal value of time and the product lifetime. In a second
economics are discussed to evaluate the behaviour of end-customers regarding end-of-life returns. A modified version of the
taken up, which allows an assessment of the transaction costs incurred by customers for end-of-life returns. This will show th
vital for acquiring products at the end of their life. The case of ECOLOG is used to explore related issues and discuss the imp
customer in planning such product return channels.
In this paper, a novel system, denoted as MPLM (Multi Process/Product Line Management), for production goaling and contro
manufacturing lines is outlined. Goaling is the process of allocating targets on amount of work (wafer lots) to be produced by
at each of its process steps, over a tactical planning horizon (e.g. one shift). In MPLM, the production goaling problem is repr
sequential allocation problems of assigning lots to tools. Each of these sequential allocation problems is then converted into
problem and solved optimally, for a parametric planning horizon, and consequently aggregated into a legible and detailed m
Remanufacturing
is integrated into ais real-time
a processshop-floor
of bringing used products
dispatching system(known as 'cores')oftothe
for execution 'like-new' functionalAfter
plan seamlessly. statethe
bysuccessful
rebuilding implem
and rep
parts. Remanufacture
semiconductor has longfacilities
manufacturing been used in many
at Intel, industries
significant for high-capital-cost
performance benefits were equipment,
recordedbut it represents
relative a new used
to previously kind of
m
companies in other industries that, for a mixture of cost, regulatory, and environmental reasons, wish to adapt to this mode
and WIP management.
objective of this research was to develop a model of the business processes used in remanufacture. The methodology used i
modelling techniques, case-study work with companies, and evaluation work with a panel of experts based on the necessary
Two kinds The
research. of drum-buffer-rope (DBR) system,
outcome of the research was a which
modeldiffer according
that has to the place
been validated in theto electromechanical
which orders are directed,
industry.are
Theproposed.
paper pre
Kanban
illustratecontrol system of
the structure (KCS) and two
the model kinds
and of DBR with
concludes systemsomeforproposals
a three-stage serial-production
for further system
work to build upon with a bottleneck were
this understanding of
performances
sustainability. of the KCS and the two kinds of DBR systems are compared by using Markov analysis. The average number of
inventories, the average number of stocked products, the average number of rejected demands, and total cost are considere
Numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the influence of the processing rate and cost parameter on the perform
The
showcontainer loading of
the advantages problem, a real over
each system hard the
problem,
others.is usually difficult to obtain even a suboptimal solution because of not o
restrictions but also of multiple objectives. In this paper, a heuristic algorithm is proposed for solving the two-row pattern of
problem in real-world. The algorithm is based on Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) presented in the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and t
negotiation model. A particular attention is focused on improving the constrained agent by striving for the trade-off of restric
negotiations, so that the final solution can arrive its biggest profit. Copyright 2007, Inderscience Publishers.
This paper presents a building of hybrid MRP/TOC system in make-to-order shop floor control in manufacturing complex prod
in Marine Diesel Engines Factory, HCP S. A. Poznan conditions. HCP S. A. Poznan is the biggest producer of high-power marin
article presents general idea of hybrid MRP/TOC system and practical aspects of his creation and implementation.
Firstly, the Theory Of Constraints (TOC) product mix optimization considering outsourcing form constrained was modeled to m
throughput. Furthermore, a theorem was proved, which laid foundation for the construction of optimization algorithm. Secon
algorithm based on Immune Algorithm (IA) and TOC (IA_TOC_II) was introduced to search for optimal solution(s) when the TO
Moreover, based on some transformation rules, IA_TOC_II was generalized to solve all kinds of manufacturing form constrain
proposed approach was implemented and employed to the mall-scale and large-scale multiple constraint product mix optimi
In this article,
published three management
approaches in literatures,philosophies
the simulation- traditional management
results proved that the(TM), total approach
IA-TOC_II quality management
outperformed (TQM),
otherand theory
approache
examined
approach was and more
their salient characteristics/dimensions
appropriate for adoption by production are identified
planners from an multiform
for the extensive hybrid
literature review.
decision The central
considering research
manufactu
TM, TQM, and CM really perceived as being distinct from each other? A second question of interest is, Do educators and prac
perceptions, and if so, along which dimensions? The authors then offer explanations for the major differences found this may
these philosophies and retain those emphases that they believe will contribute to their responsiveness in meeting customers
The purposeadvantage.
competitive of the implementation of Theory
The respondents wereofmost
Constraints
familiar (TOC)
with theconcepts in cell manufacturing
TQM philosophy, even though scheduling
TM is still is todominant
the introduce p
a better total
members' makespan
current of a cell
organization based on a flow-shop production system, while analyzing also the labor productivity of the s
model.
(DBR) cell algorithm is compared to a schedule based on a random rule to determine its efficiency by evaluating different sy
that the DBR-cell algorithm performs better under a system with a small number of resources. This can be considered a cons
determine a single resource as a constraint in larger systems. Furthermore, productivity also becomes larger in comparison w
In 2004, the
system's sizeTheory of Constraints
increases in terms of celebrated
jobs. its Silver Anniversary. In twenty-five years, what started out as a scheduling so
management philosophy with practices and principles spanning a multitude of operations management subdisciplines. As th
grown, so has its acceptance by both practitioners and academicians. At this point in its development, as it transitions from
important to review what has been accomplished and what deficiencies remain so that both the promise and problems impe
be examined. To that end, we review the evolution of principal TOC concepts and practices in an objective fashion. (c) 2006 E
In the 1980 inaugural issue of the Journal of Operations Management , Powell and Johnson stressed the need to introduce be
reserved.
models of operational processes and performance. While some progress has been made since then, contemporary authors a
between operations management and behavioral researchers continues to restrict the interpretability of such studies. Drawi
operations and behavioral research, and motivated by a case example, we intend to further this dialogue. In doing so, we ou
commonalities and several methodological pitfalls that those studying the links between resource constraints and operationa
In
into2005, the Toyota
account Motor Corp.new
when developing announced
research.a These
$1 billion investment
issues range from in aappropriate
new "lean" model
Ontario factory. Lean manufacturing
conceptualization to operationaliza has b
Toyota's growth strategy
Recommendations for the pastconfronting
for appropriately decade andmethodological
it's certainly working.
concerns Last May, to
related Toyota
theseannounced
issues are record year-end results,
provided
earned an unprecedented 11 segment awards in the 2006 J. D. Power and Associates Initial Quality Study. Lean production is
waste. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Production System Design Laboratory states lean's goal is to "incorporate
inventory, less time to develop products, and less space to become highly responsive to customer demand while producing t
As
most operational costs
efficient and and equipment
economical manner depreciation
possible. " in Now,the imagine
TFT-LCD the
(thin film transistor-liquid
leader trains those Scouts crystal
whodisplay)
march industry
at 4 km/h, areenablin
a high
most manufacturers
The troop's usuallywill
average speed fully utilisejust
remain their production
2 km/h. Only by capacity
raisingtothe
reduce
output theofaverage
the leastunit cost. However,
effective when
member will the
the marke
troop's o
supply the stock of panels increases this forces manufacturers to instigate a price war to reduce levels of stock and results in
prices. Inventory stocks of panels could be decreased by optimising the product mix. This will help manufacturers to reduce
increase profit, and improve competitive advantage. This study uses mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to construct a
The production
industry given thescheduling
conditions of CCR(capacity constraints
of profit, productivity, rawresource)in DBR(drum-buffer-rope)theory
materials supply, and market demand. A was caseoften
studydone
shows with some
that thish
EDD(earliest due date).Generally
effective in generating product mix speaking,this
for the TFT-LCDscheduling
industry method can not gain
while improving the The
profit. bestproduct
solution.In
mix order to overcome
generated this s
by this mode
function
the salesfor bottleneck's
department for production
orders and was given for
shipping, with consideration
the of the multi-object
production department for wafer
for the order fabrication.Based
quantity, and for master on productio
tabu algo
approach
product. for bottleneck's production was proposed.Compared with the former research results,the results of experiments sh
research.
This study was carried out in a plastic workshop of a refrigerator factory to solve problems of excessive work in process. In o
manufacturing between Capacity Constrained Resources (CCR) and non-Capacity Constraint Resources (non-CCR), an approa
the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) scheduling system, which was intended for solving problems such as this. The approach was ba
integrates Wagner-Whitin's algorithm and finite loading method to determine optimum lot sizes for non-CCR machine's mate
simulation model was used to analyze whether an improved scheduling approach was appropriate or not. An experimental s
In this paper,
determine thewe discuss
time a dynamic unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with sequence-dependant setup times an
buffers.
consideration. To apply the Q-Learning algorithm, we convert the scheduling problem into reinforcement learning problems b
decision process (SMDP), including the definition of state representation, actions and the reward function. We use five heuris
WCOVERT, RATCS and LFJ-WCOVERT, as actions and prove the equivalence of the reward function and the scheduling objecti
weighted tardiness. We carry out computational experiments to examine the performance of the Q-Learning algorithm and th
This presentation
results is a case study
show that Q-Learning of Adirondack
always outperforms Oral
all and Maxillofacial
heuristics Surgery
remarkably. clinic and
Averaged their
over first problems,
all test (achieved the
by using TOC /le
Q-Learning a
(achieved
performanceby improvements
using the transformational strategyWCOVERT,
over WSPT, WMDD, and tactic RATCS
(S&T) tree
and and the decisive competitive edges of reliability and r
LFJ-WCOVERT
Gary Wadhwa, MD, provided his background in education, in business, operations, lean, six sigma, system dynamics, balanc
constraints, etc. and how he implemented these tools at his practice to transform them from a break-even practice to makin
profit each year. He discusses the use of throughput accounting and the transformational S&T tree to determine the impact o
An
andimproved
eventuallyDBR
howscheduling
to free upmethod
enoughand its steps
capacity based
to also do on discrete
30-40% event simulation
pro-bono work while system was proposed.
still making By means of si
high profits.
running, the constraint can be identified more correctly in order to locate the buffers. Taking use of annealing algorithm emb
optimization software, the optimized parameters, including the time buffer coefficient, transportation lot-size, can be determ
able on constraints and non-constraints resources can be determined. A production scheduling example is given, which prov
of the proposed method.
This paper addresses the issue of constraint management in the hi-tech industry, from the vantage point of the theory of con
argue that the hi-tech industry faces a market constraint in operations, and resource constraints in both research and develo
and sales (M&S). We then make the distinction between strategic and tactical constraints, and build a methodology to identi
While the TOC enables tactical treatment of the organization's internal resource constraints, we consider the prevailing cons
The well-known
business arena. 80/20
In the Pareto principle
short term, and its refinement
organizations apply theinto
TOCA, B, and C
methodology to categories givethroughput,
increase their rise to a managerial
usually bymethodo
focusin
steps:
This is classification; differentiation;
defined as tactical constraint and resource allocation.
management. In the longThis is an
term, easy-to-implement
they and themselves
navigate to position extremely effective methodolo
in relation to the b
of Pareto
This diagrams,
is defined i.e. bar
as strategic charts ofmanagement.
constraint attributes and their relative frequency, presented in descending order. Typically, Paret
they provide managers with a summary of practical information, revealing critical attributes. However, sometimes a Pareto d
than
In theitpaper
mightwebe,address
becausethe thestrategic
relative dilemma
frequencyofiswhere
almost uniform.
the The objective
constraints should beofinthis
thearticle
hi-techisindustry
to provide
andan analytical
how too
to repositi
above-mentioned
we bear in mind the methodology to measure
relatively high frequencytheatcloseness
which theofhi-tech
empirical Pareto
industry diagrams change
constraints to an ideal Pareto diagram.
their position, The ind
and provide ex
entropy.
Conventionally, a revenue function, a cost function and a profit function are selected to be the objective function for Aggrega
problems. The theory of constraints (TOC) alternative consideration argues that instead of measuring by cost, factory should
by throughput. Even though, there are a lot of research works on formulations of APP problems, there has been no investigat
most appropriate for APP problems. In this research, the investigation of the formulation of existing APP problems is done. In
of each objective function, a simple case study has been used to compare the performances of the APP problem with revenu
The container
functions whenloading
resourceproblem, a real(limited
constraints hard problem,
processingis usually difficult
time) are to obtainand
not included even a suboptimal
included solutionFor
in the model. because of not
the profit objeo
restrictions
formulationsbutarealso
alsoofcompared:
multiple objectives. In thisfunction
profit objective paper, aby heuristic
TOC and algorithm is proposed
profit objective for solving
function the
by linear container loading
programming. From pt
algorithm is the
that setting based on Drum-Buffer-Rope
objective presented
function of an APP problem in is
the Theory
very of Constraints
important because and thelead
it may multi-agent
to a wrongcooperation negotiation
decision in production
is focused on improving the constrained agent by striving for the trade-off of restrictions and cooperated negotiations, so tha
its biggest profit. 2006 IEEE.
A visual presentation of "747 Production, Theory of Constraints Application, " presented by Steve Snelling and Brandon Lynde
Conference is presented.
Thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufacturing process consists of three basic process stages: Array proce
process. Little previous research works are found on the problem of scheduling and control TFT-LCD Cell plant due to its spec
are concerned with the scheduling and control of Cell plants by using Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) Systems. Although the DBR sy
implemented in some manufacturing plants, the detailed design rule or applications must be customized based on the speci
requirement of different manufacturing environments. A DBR customized model for TFT-LCD Cell process is proposed in this
This paper
domain. describes
A detailed a new method
exploration of theonrequired
determining the optimal
customization size ofdesign
of drum the buffer, whichinisthis
algorithm used to accommodate
method disruptions
is presented. A real-lif
provide maximum
explain the throughput
significance of the production
and feasibility system.
of the proposed The new method is based on thoroughly considering seven factors t
method.
determination of the stock buffer under multi-product. Furthermore, to validate the proposed buffer determination model, an
simulation model is also developed. 2006 IEEE.
Citation only
To apply the Drum-Buffer-Rope(DBR) theory to shop floor control in re-entrant flow wafer fabrication,with the deployment of r
traditional DBR theory was modified.A production control approach suitable for re-entrant lines was proposed.As a make-to-o
were processed in the mean time in the manufacturing line and load ruin was formed before the bottlenecks.To level the load
based on Earliest Due Date(EDD) and Critical Ratio(CR) rules were presented.After the load ruin was leveled,the Drum was ra
practical process conditions of the bottlenecks.Finally,the orders' release plan and shipping plan were determined.The results
Assembly linesvalidity
feasibility and are traditional and still attractive means of mass and large-scale series production. Since the early times of H
of this approach.
developments took place which changed assembly lines from strictly paced and straight single-model lines to more flexible s
others, lines with parallel work stations or tasks, customer-oriented mixed-model and multi-model lines, U-shaped lines as
intermediate buffers. In any case, an important decision problem, called assembly line balancing problem, arises and has to
configuring an assembly line. It consists of distributing the total workload for manufacturing any unit of the product to be as
For over along
stations 50 years, the United
the line. AssemblyKingdoms Nationalresearch
line balancing Health Service has aspired
has traditionally to provide
focused on the universal access to line
simple assembly quality health pro
balancing ca
huge
some backlogs
restricting and lengthy waiting
assumptions. timesafor
Recently, lotmany services,
of research workthehasNHS is showing
been done in theorder strain of accommodating
to describe and solve more risingrealistic
contemp g
constrained
In this paper,budget.
we survey Thisthe
paper describes the
developments in GALBP of buffer
conceptresearch. management,
2004 Elsevier itsB.V.
origins in manufacturing
All rights reserved. applications, and h
generate improvements in health care systems. The successful implementation of buffer management is illustrated with rece
Accident and Emergency departments and the hospital admissions process of three NHS facilities
Inventory policies for joint remanufacturing and manufacturing have recently received much attention. Most efforts, though,
policy structures and numerical optimization, rather than closed form expressions for calculating near optimal policy parame
is on the latter. We analyze an inventory system with unit product returns and demands where remanufacturing is the cheap
manufacturing. Manufacturing is also needed, however, since there are less returns than demands. The cost structure consis
costs, and backorder costs. Manufacturing and remanufacturing orders have non-zero lead times. To control the system we u
It is difficult
familiar topolicy,
(s, Q) simplycalled
put MRP
pushorand JIT orpullTOC into practice for
remanufacturing cellularFor
policies. manufacturing
all policies weofpresent
some product.
simple, This closedpaper
formproposes
formulaea
planning and controlling
policy parameters under model, which integrates
a cost minimization a MRP
objective. Inproduction
an extensive planning
numerical systemstudy andweJITshow
production
that thecontrolling
proposed system
formulae b
factors on resource
parameters. 2005constrains of manufacturing
Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. cell and order inserting. This model can be employed to produces the produ
according to the demand forecast of markets and the pull of JIT production and the APS simulation plans, and to carry out the
process by means of CRP and Kanban system and simulation system. The model is of great importance to implement the pro
The drum-buffer-rope (DBR) is a scheduling technique under the Theory of Constraints (TOC) philosophy. In DBR, drum is a
effectively.
rope is a mechanism to release the required material to the bottleneck, and buffer is used to protect the bottleneck from
fluctuations. For a non-identical parallel machine flow shop environment , estimating rope and time buffer is not an easy task
of non-identical parallel machine loading. This paper proposes a new scheduling method, which is called modified DBR (Mod
finite capacity scheduling technique instead of the rope in traditional DBR. A simulation model is constructed to investigate t
Business
methods, Process
priority Reengineering
dispatching rules, BPRand is an effective
load levels measure
on tardiness, for enterprises
earliness, flow to enhance
time, and their competence
bottlenecks . By means
utilization. The of usin
result
critical
outperformprocess,
otherthe business
loading process
methods could be
in terms analyzed and
of tardiness, controlled
average dynamically,
flow time, and theutilization.
and bottleneck constraining links could
However, be foun
ModDBR is
Constraints(TOC)
earliness. These findingscan be used to improve
are still valid when andbottleneck
reengineer the constraints
location and then
and protective the competitive
capacity level are changed.edge of enterprises can b
steps of process modeling by means of Petri net and the principle of TOC, this paper put forward an approach of process ree
Petri net, and a case study is introduced.
This article discusses how mortgage lending institutions could apply concepts espoused in theory of constraints (TOC) to imp
After presenting a brief discussion of TOC , and justifying its relevance in the service sector, we operationalize various TOC te
contexts of mortgage banking industry. The TOC concepts used in our analysis of the specific mortgage bank's pipeline inclu
expenses", "inventory", "drum-buffer-rope", etc. Other relevant principles gleaned from for this study include problem-solvin
continuous improvement employed in quality management. Using actual data from computer outputs and tables, we presen
Implementing
bank's mortgage thepipeline
drum-buffer-rope
and provide (DBR) management
strategic system effectively
recommendations increases
and managerial throughput,The
implications. lowers
ideaswork in process
presented could (WI b
improves
of service on-time
industry.delivery performance.
We believe that this studyHowever,couldimplementing
provide insights DBR toismanagers
difficult and complex
in the service in sectors
manufacturing
in general,environment
as they se
flows, suchimprovements
significant as semiconductor wafer manufacturing
in operational efficienciesplants,
in orderICtosubstrate
improve manufacturing
return on investments plants, and multilayer board
in increasingly manufac
competitive en
drum development method for these environments is a key problem. That is, several bottleneck operations of a lot will appe
locations. Ensuring proper sequencing of bottleneck operations and providing sufficient time between adjacent bottleneck op
The
methodconcept
in the and
drum advantages
developmentof the Drum-Buffer-Rope
process. (DBR) scheduling
A drum development methodand buffer management
for manufacturing (BM) system
environments withare now widel
bottleneck re
the
Thisindustrial
method can communities.
ensure theTherefore, there are several
effective sequencing types ofoperations
of bottleneck commercial andDBR and BM
provide business
sufficient timesolution
between software
adjacentsuchbott as
Visual
within DBR,
a drum.Synchrono,
In addition, aDrummer, etc., on the
detailed exploration market.
of the However,
principles prior to implementation
and algorithm in this method of any of these,
is presented. factoriesexam
A numeric mu
data set for
substrate their perspective
manufacturing casethroughput
are utilizednets. This means
to evaluate that the users
the application of the willproposed
be required to enter
method. and maintain
Employing a complicate
this proposed met
difficulty of the plants
manufacturing entire with
software systemre-entrant
bottleneck implementation
flows toprocess will also
successfully increase.an
implement Furthermore,
effective DBR it ismanagement
also unrealistic to mainta
system.
The conventional
dynamic data in the expression
fast-paced of performance
and competitive measures
business in environment.
the schedulingTherefore,
area has, in from
thisthe very we
article, beginning, never been
have proposed chan
the Easy
of this expression
concept. The termis'Easy-to-Use
that all the refers
jobs are to considered
the fact that inusers
an overall
will be way without
required toconsidering the individual
enter and maintain needs
a minimal setofofspecific
fundamen job
lack of useful
factories information
operation needs.about control.
The system When shop
framework floor supervisors
mentioned face the
in our article situation
contains the offulla and
delay in an operation
complete functionin ofathe
schedu
DBR
from the objective
very limited value cannotby
data maintenance bethederived
users.easily. In thiswith
Therefore, paper,
lesswe propose a
procedural new expression
complexity, of scheduling
this system performance
can produce a higherme ra
includes protected
and can attract operations
higher interestandfrom their
the allowable
users. Thefloats.
concept According to thethroughput
of simplified new expression, we develop
net design proposed an in
algorithm
our article to derive
canno
each
whenoperation in a schedule.
factories develop These
their own floats, forsystems,
information tackling the
but above
can also problems,
provide a provide shop floor
new design model supervisors
and algorithm with forinformation
the syste
operation
well. Sinceisthe in adatabase
schedule, so that a suitable
maintenance control action
is significantly can be
simplified, theapplied
factories to each operation.
can quickly adapt Therefore, by resorting
to any changes in thetodynam
resch
make
highlyevery effort to
competitive reach theenvironment.
production scheduling objective value of
In the article, wethefirstoriginal
describe schedule.
the concept of the Easy-to-Use DBR and BM syste
the information system by using a simple throughput net. We then explain the system framework and design methodology. A
prototype system to demonstrate and to verify the applicability and efficiency of the concept and framework mentioned in o
The drum-buffer-rope (DBR) is a scheduling mechanism under the Theory of Constraints (TOC) philosophy. In DBR, 'drum' is a
capacity-constrained resources (CCRs), which controls the speed of production for the whole system 'rope' is a mechanism to
material to the CCRs and 'buffer' is used to protect the CCRs from starvation due to statistical fluctuations. For a non-identica
environment, estimating an efficient rope and time buffer for DBR implementation is not an easy task because of the comple
machine loading. This paper proposes a new scheduling method, which is called the modified DBR (MOD-DBR). It applies a b
The Operations
scheduling Research
technique, ( OR) community
including machine loadings have defined many
and detail deterministic
scheduling, insteadmanufacturing
of the rope control
mechanism problems
in DBR.mainly
The focused
schedu
benchmark
DBR are evaluated problems provide
under a mechanism
variable processing fortime
communication
situations. The of the effectiveness
experimental of different
results indicateoptimization
that the MOD-DBR algorithms. Man
without a
industry
DBR withare stochastic and
a considerable complex.
level of buffer Common featuresflow
on the average of these
time,problems
while they include:
have thevariable
same demand,
performance machine part specific
on tardiness, constb
machine
throughput. specific process durations, continuous production, Finished Goods Inventory (FGI) buffers, bottleneck machines and
Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is a commonly used tool for studying manufacturing systems of realistic complexity. There a
This research
benchmark presentsfor
problems a case study the
use within of asimulation
virtual 'textbook' application
optimization communityof the thattheory
areofasconstraints
complex as(TOC) thoseinfaced
a Japanese tool m
by production
Hitachi Tool Engineering
an algorithm that can beuses usedstate-of-the-art
to create singletechnology and multistage to design and manufacture
production cutting The
control problems. tools known as
reported End-mills.
software The pl
implemen
a classic V-plant
generates andinexhibited
text files eXtensible all Markup
of the standard
Language problems
(XML) formatof a traditionally
that are easily managed
editedV-plant, existing within
and understood as wellthe as unique fra
being cros
culture.
distributionPlant andmanagement
acceptanceapplied
of benchmark the fiveproblems
focusing generated
steps and used the algorithm
with the operationswould strategy tools,
enable including drum-buffer-rop
researchers working on simu
improve
manufacturingthe system. Following
problems the approach
to effectively recommended
communicate results by Eli Goldratt,
to benefit the in
the field thinking
general. process tools of current reality tree a
The
usedissue
to helpof management and control
identify and resolve problems of manufacturing cells based on
when the implementation Theory of Constraints
encountered major obstacles.(TOC) was While surveyed and review
the implementatio
and international
devastating effectresearch
of a corestatus
problem of TOCbeing , such as bottleneck
left unresolved identification,
is well documented. drumTheschedule, time buffer,
implementation transfer
generated batch, rope
significant im
management,
process inventory, wereproduction
expatiated. Then,
lead time,some problems
on-time of the
delivery, existing studies,
productive capacity, such as shifting
inventory bottleneck
turnover, product control,
quality,multi-bottle
sales vol
buffer
Moreover,management,
management push/pull production
has extended the control,
introduction wereof concluded
TOC to the from the research status
non-manufacturing nowadays.
functions and TOCFinally, taking thethe
is becoming res
development
that bridges four of production management
culturally diverse and control
manufacturing of manufacturing cells in China into consideration, four areas should be
plants.
The traditional
studies, such asDrum-Buffer-Rope
establishment of (DBR) theory has
measurement three
index shortcomings
system, quantitativein practice.
research Firstly,
strategythe of
buffer
TOC size is defined
, system by exper
integration me
production
implementation planning and control
technologies. with actual some
Furthermore, production whenever
key problems inthere is change in production.
above-mentioned Secondly, DBR mainly focus
areas were discussed.
bottlenecks and customer orders, and simple dispatching rules such as FIFO rule or EDD rule can't tally with production plan
existing in performance indexes for DBR. To solve these problems, the integrated production planning and control system ba
proposed. To dynamically adapt to manufacturing environment, buffer size was regulated in time by simulation. Meanwhile, a
This
method thesis
wasanalyzes the factors
also presented which multi-performance
to satisfy lead to the failure of equipment,
indexes accordingthe type of the failures and
to non-bottlenecks and the reliabilityThe
bottlenecks. of the equip
results o
functions(such as exponential
illustrated the validity distribution
of this integrated and Weibuill distribution) of the failures are discussed and the reliability of equipm
system.
the methods of identifying the types of failures and the degree of the reliability of equipment are described by an actual exa
and reliability of ZW-17/29 Series Air Compressors in use are obtained. It provides the ways to plan the technical and mainte
equipment.
The conflicting Influences of Inventories on net income and effective operations of a company are examined and a simple Th
conflict resolution tool is introduced as a means of understanding, and possibly resolving, the inventory-related conflicts exp
clear that the inventory manipulation practices described, while apparently improving the performance of individual compan
competitiveness of the companies' supply chains. At the other extreme, many companies have channeled their energies into
inventory down the supply chain, a practice known as "trade loading" or "channel cramming." As early as 1992, Sellers' poin
Generative
cars, computers, Topographic Mapping
cigarettes, and many (GTM)other is a data visualization
packaged goods weretechnique
inducing thattheir
usessupply
a nonlinear topographically
downstream chain members,preservingthema w
space.
buy more Theproduct
conventional
than theyGTMcould
model can be interpreted
promptly resell. Tradeas a probabilistic
loading is another model with Gaussianpractice
inventory-related processthat prior, and the
allows choice
manufactu
Gaussian
goals, satisfy process
theirprior has an
quarterly important
profit targets, effect on its properties.
and manipulate However
their market the conventional
share. P&G, Bristol-MyersGTM approach
Squibb, and usesmanya covariance
other co
length-scale
of companiesfor whole
that havelatent space,
realized and therefore
its implications fails to
across adapt
their to variable
supply smoothness
chain network in termsof the nonlinear buildups
of inventory topographically pres
and rising c
paper,
consumer we in propose
terms the GTM outs
of stock model and which can control
increased the smoothness in local areas of the latent space individually.
lead times.
The role of management accountants has evolved from measuring and reporting business activities to participating with oth
implementing improvement initiatives. Recent years have witnessed an explosion of programs designed to increase product
improve firm performance. Examples include Just-in-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), Target Costing, Benchmarki
Theory of Constraints (TOC), Activity-based Costing/Management (ABC/M), Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Six Sigma, and Mass C
researchers have argued there is no universally appropriate management system. Yet the market continues to develop new
Constrained
new system is resources
implementedin manufacturing
or specific tools organization
are adopted, lead improved
managersfirm to take decision on
performance willoutsourcing
result. Thisof somebuilds
article products. This
a framew
solution
differences between normal accounting,
and similarities among various theory of constraints
initiatives (TOC) and
and identifies theextended
historicalTOC andto decide production
economic environment outsourcing. This p
that contributed
implementation
consider the evolution of linearof programming
management with TOC philosophy,
initiatives in responsewhich is easier
to changes to follow
in the globalwith very fewenvironment.
competitive parameters required for i
Finally, we
model is simple and
for understanding thehelps managersamong
relationships to make fasterimprovement
various decision in outsourcing
initiatives. problem with maximum throughput.
Manufacture enterprises take the operations of recovery reverse logistics as a part of their product line.They substitute old p
logistics for some of the materials provided by suppliers.Based on some viewpoints of the theory of constraints, this article e
rope(DBR) method to set up a reasonable buffer on the recovery line, so as to realize stability and flexibility for goods supply
The article constitutes a procedure for the analysis and identification of floating capacity bottlenecks in metallurgical produc
is based on the use of detailed capacity calculations, the output of which is the determination of the hourly output of the floa
depending on the production schedule. Applying the said procedure is illustrated by the example of output analysis of a line
bars. Analysis and identification of the floating capacity bottlenecks subsequently becomes the starting point for applying th
Theory of Constraints (TOC) in material flow control in metallurgical plants.
This chapter outlines an intelligent fuzzy linear programming (FLP) having a flexible logistic membership function (MF) in find
disparate level of satisfaction for theory of constraints-based (TOC) product-mix design problems. One objective of the prese
of fuzziness of product-mix decisions having disparate level of satisfaction of decision-maker (DM). Another objective is to pr
monitor of the level of satisfaction of DMs and to calibrate these levels of satisfaction against DMs' expectations. Fuzzy-sens
been focused for a bottle-neck-free, optimal product-mix solution of TOC problem.
The objective of this study is to develop an integrated approach to process design for air cargo transportation. This work inte
fuzzy set theory (FST), balanced scorecard (BSC), and theory of constraints (TOC) to ensure that the internal process design
employees, shareholders, and customers, concurrently. This integrated approach is constructed by three stages. In the first s
objectives, and key performance indicators (KPIs) of the company are developed through the conceptual framework of BSC.
initiator's actions are developed through the five logic tools of TOC. Furthermore, in the third stage, through the integration o
Because railroaddeployment
quality function classification yardsKPIs
(QFD), can andbe considered production
initiator's actions weresystems,
transformed insight
intointo
thethe dynamics
design of a yardand
requirements system can b
the techn
production
house of qualitymanagement
(HOQ) is tools
built that have led the
for designing to significant performance
service process improvement
of air cargo transportationin manufacturing.
based on fuzzy This work focused on
QFD.
by utilizing the concepts of factory physics, Theory of Constraints (TOC) and tools from Lean Manufacturing. The most impor
analog to improving yard capacity is the bottleneck. In a production system the bottleneck is the process that limits its throu
processing rate of the bottleneck sets the rate for the entire system. Improving the performance of the bottleneck is the bes
Disassembly
performance scheduling,
of the entireone of theprocess.
terminal important The operational problems
train assembly in disassembly
(pull-down) process systems,
has been is the problem
identified of bottleneck
as the determining in ta
disassembling
yards. The potential used or end-of-life
capacity products to
improvement of satisfy
severalthe demand management
bottleneck of their parts or components
alternatives over a given
is discussed. Oneplanning horizon
of the principal
case of singleprocess
the humping productshould
type without parts commonality
be subordinate to the pull-downwhile the resource
process capacity
because restrictions
the latter are considered
is the principal explicitly.
bottleneck in manyThey
integer
managed programming
and operated model
so thatwith the objective
it provides of minimizing
the bottleneck the number
exactly of products
what it needs when disassembled,
it needs it. Theand a solution
quality algorithm
of sorting during
its optimal
affects the solution
performance properties. Computational
of the pull-down process. experiments
A metric for are measuring
done on various how well testduring
problems,cars and
in thethe results showyard
classification thathave
the
The
paper successful
developedgivesand enterprises
optimal solutions
its relationship deliver
for products
the
to yard test
volume and
problems services
withininaMethods
established. shorter
very shortthroughput
foramount time and turnover
of computation
implementing this metric inventory
time.
in as quickly
a classification yard asare
posa
approaches to achieve these goals are Materials Requirements Planning (MRPI, MRPII), Just-in-Time (JIT), and Theory of Const
be a viable proposition because it does not require costly affair of system change rather it is simply based on scheduling of t
resources. The scheduling system of theory of constraints (TOC) is often referred as drum-buffer-rope (DBR) system. DBR sys
a schedule for the systems primary resource constraint. Based on simulation of a flow shop operation considering non-free g
Advocates of TOC believe
that the performance of DBRthatresults
bottleneckin lowerresource restricts
in process an operation's
inventory compared ability to make money,
to conventional and the
production best way
system. to maxim
In addition,
the
when bottleneck
bottleneck resource.
shifts itsAlmost
position allhasTOCbeenliterature
studied. focuses on situations
A methodology haswhere
been 100%
proposed bottleneck
using... utilisation is applied. Based o
experience, the finding is that the optimal level of bottleneck utilisation should be less than 100% and any attempt to increa
optimal level brings disastrous results for a door manufacturing plant. In order to improve and maintain the performance of t
management is critical. The experience provides a deeper understanding of how to design such plants, which could be bene
As
andsemiconductor
academics working processwithtechnology
TOC concepts. progresses, a more rigid process requirement emerges. Process window, also known a
that a wafer needs to be processed on the machines that can satisfy its process specification. Machine dedication, means th
of a wafer lot is processed on a certain machine, the subsequent critical layers of this lot must be processed on the same ma
products of a good quality. The interaction of the two characteristics makes the production plan, based on the overall capacit
to implement in the real production environment. This paper, therefore, proposes an integer programming model to solve th
In
Withsemiconductor
the objectivemanufacturing,
of load levelling, it is
the difficult
proposed for engineers
model will to control
assign thecomplicated
load of eachand often
layer, imbanlanced
of each order, toheavily loaded pro
each machine, w
study
window aims
andtomachine
proposededication
a framework of segmented
constraints. WIP control
The model can befor usedthein production
practice, and routesthetoloading
controlallocation
and reduce cyclecan
results timebeeffe
ar
Starvation
levelling and Avoidance
setting the (SA) method
release is employed
time, in a fab. to maintain high utilization of the Capacity Constrained Resources (CCR) in li
simulation is designed and validated with a small-scale model based on real data collected in a wafer fab in Taiwan. The resu
viability.
The problems of business process reengineering are analyzed, and the methodology of systematic analysis and reengineerin
production systems is put forward. This methodology proposes a new classification to the constraints of production system, a
establishing work flow models based on system dynamics in order to reflect the influence of human factor on process flow, a
of process mining to trace and control the constraints. The objective of this methodology is to solve the constraints of produc
overcoming the problems caused by the transfer of the constraints, and emphasizing the role of human factors in the reengi
Production
case study scheduling is a complex
is given to validate task in most real manufacturing settings and semiconductor manufacturing is no excepti
the methodology.
systems, it is a challenge to determine appropriate dispatching strategies under various system conditions. Therefore, dispa
important to improve the system performance, especially for the real time control of the system. In this paper, an on-line res
combined with theory of constraints (TOC) is proposed. Genetic algorithm (GA) is for searching dispatching rule sets which p
With system conditions corresponding to dispatching rules, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier is constructed as the
Under multi-product
neuro-fuzzy inferenceand small(ANFIS)
system lot-sizeprediction
environment, modelstochastic
is built forfeatures
the sake of manufacturing
of on-line deciding systems and different
the scheduling products
intervals. Themir
difficult
the proposedto use. An improved
mechanism DBR scheduling
to obtaining dispatchingmethod and its steps
strategies based onmethod
is an effective discretedealing
event simulation
the product system is proposed
mix problem and coin
and usingofofsemiconductor
variation simulation model waferandfabrication
its running, the constraints can identified more correctly than ever. Taking use of Annealin
systems.
simulation and optimization software, the optimized parameters, including the time buffer coefficient, trans. lot-size, and the
operation can be determined. A production scheduling example is given which proves the validation and usability of propose
In recent years,
influence on system theory of constraints
performance made (TOC) has emerged
by time as an effective
buffer coefficient and trans.management
lot-size arephilosophy
discussed.that has successfully tackl
maximization with known demonstrated bottleneck in traditional as well as modern manufacturing plants. One of the key com
is to enumerate quantity of the various products to be produced keeping in view the system constraints and this is termed a
decision problem. It is a well-known computationally complex problem and thus warrants the application of heuristics techniq
tools to achieve near optimal solutions in real time. To accomplish this objective a new algorithm, Psycho-Clonal has been pr
This paper
principle ofexplores
artificial the implications
immune system of applying
and behavioral the Theory
theory, of Constraints
namely Maslow's (TOC)needin hierarchy theory. Intensive computationa
combination
carried out and with Linear Programming
superiority of proposedto FonterraonKapuni.
heuristic a givenThe objective
dataset of the
is established. It is observed that results obtained are be
research
been achievedwas toby apply the TOC
the TOC to a New
heuristic, Zealand
revised theory business in order
of constraint to develop
heuristic (RTOC solutions
), integer linear programming (ILP), and tab
to improve its performance. Since the application of TOC was a first for the researcher
there was an additional objective, which was to gain an understanding of how to apply
There are many flow
TOC successfully andshop
to testproblems
the relevanceof throughput (denoted in
of TOC methods bythe
FSPT)realwith constraints
world. Case of due date in real production planning
paper, a decomposition
study methodology and and
the TOCcoordination
combined algorithm
with Linear is proposed
Programming based(LP) on were
the analysis
used of FSPT and under the support of TOC
shop is at first
and applied to decomposed
Fonterra Kapuni. into two subsystems named PULL and PUSH by means of bottleneck. Then the subsystem is dec
scheduling
As a result of problems,
applyingso thewith
TOC original
LP, theNP-HARD
research problem can bethe
highlighted transferred
importance intoofaaserial of single machine optimization proble
reduces
systemicthe computational
perspective, whichcomplexity, and has been
is a key philosophy of TOC.usedThe inlesson
a real learnt
projectwas successfully.
that a LP
model should be used in combination with TOC to get the best results. Although LP
would have provided solutions for improvement, TOC was required to identify the core
problem, which the LP model alone would not have identified, to achieve significant
improvement to Fonterra Kapunis performance. While the results of the application
were important, this paper will specifically focus on the implications of applying TOC
in combination with LP.
Citation only
A study of top-ranked, full-time, global MBA programs suggests that management communication is indeed both an importa
the curriculum. The methods of delivery, however, do not seem to follow any particular model, such as the common U. S. pra
or department. Required courses are found at 10 of the 24 schools, including two at 2 schools. Elective communication cours
and related courses, those with a communication component, appear at all but 1 school. Communication is perceived as bein
management development and global leadership, as opposed to a skill that could be assessed via testing or other assessme
On theglobal
time, basisMBA
of analyzing
programs the principle
suggests of the
that reengineering
management of production
communication is system, the constraint
indeed both theory
an important was
focus introduced
and component in th
in
reengineering of production
of delivery, however, do not system
seem toand theany
follow method for the
particular reengineering
model, such as the of production
common U.system was put
S. practice of aforward
separate according
programto
method can found
courses are identifyat and
10 ofdetermine the constraint
the 24 schools, including process
two at in accordance
2 schools. with the
Elective constraint theory
communication andare
courses redesign
offeredthe
at 8product
schoo
the
withconstraints existedcomponent,
a communication in the system. The reengineering
appear evaluation
at all but 1 school. index of production
Communication system
is perceived was an
as being built in accordance
integral with
part of overa
of
andthe constraint
global theory,
leadership, asrealizing
opposedtheto adynamic
skill thatevaluation of the reengineering
could be assessed via testing or effect.
other assessment.
After analysis and comparison between Manufacture Resource Planning (MRP), Just in Time (JIT) and Theory of Constraints (
advantages, disadvantages and feasibility, a new production management method namely MTJ was proposed through combi
based on different requirements from levels of production planning management and control. Production planning managem
constructed by this method. With this model, MRP was oriented to enterprise level taking charge of Master Production Sche
Requirement Planning(MRP), and monthly/weekly component parts planning on various workshops. TOC was oriented to wor
Most
daily vocational
production high schools
planning andare training students
scheduling and orderwith multiple
release professional
on job shop. JIT was certificates
oriented as
to the most important
production educational
field level taking charg
restricted
productionby the policy
control of government,state
and manufacturing vocational highFinally,
feedback. schoolsthe
have difficulty
operation in achieving
logic this was
of the model goal.described,
Accordingandto the
how govern
to lea
testing and skill
strong points practices
to offset areweakness
one's forbiddenfor in MTJ
regular
wascourses.
analyzed.Students are only encouraged to take the examination of profess
combined the theory of constraints (TOC) and problem hierarchy analysis (PHA), this research provides a systematic method
In this paper, the problem of batch scheduling in a flexible flow shop environment is studied. It is assumed that machines in
process a number of jobs simultaneously. The applications of this problem can be found in various industries including spring
in auto industry. A mixed integer programming formulation of the problem is presented and it is shown that the problem is N
then be developed to solve the problem and a lower bound is also developed for evaluating the performance of the proposed
heuristic H3 gives better results compared to the others.
Within the framework of the application of their industrial management system, companies compile a Master Production Sch
the MPS is released, daily events may require it to be brought into question. The use of reduced models within the framewor
enables quick decision-making while maximizing the use of resources and minimizing risk. The article shows the advantage o
we arrive at it. Afterwards we develop an analysis of the influence of the model factors by highlighting the differences betwe
MPS. Finally we show the circumstances in which the flow dynamic simulation with reduced models is relevant.
This paper discusses the use of the TOC (theory of constraints) thought process as an alternative to systemic organizational
conceptual review of systemic thought, a reference to one of the various methods available in the literature, and a review of
concepts of the TOC . This is followed by the discussion of a case study, in which the TOC method was applied in a public he
a comparison of the TOC method and the systemic method. The conclusion of this paper discusses the relation between the
situations, outlining the kinds of situation in which each method seems to work best by producing acceptable organizational
The five-step "Theory of Constraints" as articulated and explained in Goldratt's books, is touted as "not only beneficial but m
although it is indeed a useful focusing heuristic methodology with an impressive track record, it is not really a theory and it i
Furthermore, it involves a serious internal inconsistency that must be "faced courageously": To make drum-buffer-rope (DBR)
balance, and yet Step 4 involves steps that tend to balance the system. I restrict the term Management by Constraints (MBC
methodology and argue that successful MBC applications never follow the "official version" with complete faithfulness. MBC
This
allowspaper aims We
balance. at understanding
should go furtherhowandtheplan
pull the
production
capacityplanning approach
(criticalities) can
taking beconsideration
into implementedthe in avariability
batch-mixand
process bu
the eco
Constraints (TOC). Thethe
This entails balancing paper, after a of
criticalities brief review of
resources the main
based streams
on their of study
economic onrelative
value TOC , identifies the key
to the value academic
of the and they
throughput ma
about
and thethe processAll
authors. industries. Among these, a major one concerns production and inventory management for different types
rights reserved.
need for a transition towards a pull approach. Thus, a case-study is presented, concerning a batch-mix process company, wh
describes the main features of the process, as well as the key decisions and activities performed in such plant in order to lea
The implementation
system of TOC manufacturing
through the implementation of DBR.process
2005known as drum-buffer-rope
- IOS Press and the authors. (DBR) in thereserved.
All rights company's finished goods distrib
discussed. The foundation of TOC has enabled to identify constraints of a system and manage that constraint to maximize p
The five steps which represent the process of ongoing improvement include identification of the constraint, exploiting the co
everything to the constraint, elevating the constraint, and repeating and avoiding the inertia. The main objective of this impl
the physical and processing cycle time in the DCs. The DCs that have made the change to DBR have increased performance
Based
relaxedon implementation
work environments. mechanisms of DBR(Drum-Buffer-Rope)production planning controlling system in single production
application area of the DBR system and presented some basic operation principles for supply chain management.Then a fram
supply chain was constructed, and discussed its implementation mechanisms including planning, buffering and controlling m
coordinating planning and controlling model supporting operation of the DBR system was also established.Based on corpora
system in the single enterprise node and in the supply chain, the model can be applied to implement coordinating planning c
This paper
through discusses principles
order-objectoriented of traditional
distributed business
production process reengineering(BPR),
controlling mode and e-Kanban.appiles Theory of Constraints(TOS)to the
systems, and puts forward a methodology for the reenhineering based on TOC. The methodology is employed to analyze and
processes on the basis of TOC, redesign production systems with constraints, and establish a set of evaluation indices for the
systemic evaluation indices of TOC, so as to dynamically evaluate the effect of the reengineering.
A lean supply chain is imperative to compete in today's market. But is there a simple approach to build and manage a lean s
lean thinking and the theory of constraints to evolve an effective strategy. Synergies between these two philosophies enhanc
and promote a smooth flow of products across the supply chain
Competition has intensified in recent years, whether in local markets or in the global market. To face such changes, managem
and continually improved, and new managerial techniques and methods are also discussed and applied. The Theory of Cons
direction Management Philosophy that was recently suggested, the concept and managerial tolls of which have seriously alte
various different management fields. The TOC includes two major groups of techniques, namely methods of dealing with phy
and generic problem-solving tools. The main method is the "Drum-Buffer-Rope" scheduling system that is used to manage th
Motivated
"BottleneckbyResources"
a bottleneck andoperation
the output in aofmulti-layer ceramic capacitor
the "Non-bottleneck production
Resources". line, wetool
The necessary study a scheduling
is "The Thinkingproblem
Process"ofused bat
which
problem a number
solving. of jobs are processed
Moreover, simultaneously
this study develops a Reality as Tree-a
a batch. Thebyperformance
step step approach measures considered
for searching include makespan,
core problems and propo
total
TOC ,weighted completion time.
that can significantly We first
improve present a new
organizational simple integer programming formulation for the problem, and using t
management
easily find optimal solutions for small problems. However, since the problem is NP-hard and the size of a real problem is very
of heuristic algorithms and design a hybrid genetic algorithm to solve practical big-size problems in a reasonable computatio
The scheduling
performance of system theory ofwe
the algorithms, constraints
compare them (TOC)withusesloweris often referred
bounds to as
for the drum-buffer-rope
problems. From the (DBR).
resultsDBR systems
of these operate
computation
the system's
algorithms primarythe
including resource
genetic constraint.
algorithmInshow TOCdifferent
, any product that is not
performances forprocessed
the threeat the system's
problems. primary
(c) 2004 resource
Elsevier constr
B.V. All righ
good. Because free goods do not use capacity at the primary resource constraint, very little attention is given to them under
simulation of a job shop operation, this study finds that the performance of DBR is very sensitive to changes in the levels of
operation. Therefore, contrary to the way free goods have been treated in the past, schedulers using DBR need to be cogniza
Drum-Buffer-Rope
items are accepted(DBR) is an alternative
and scheduled. 2004 approach
Elsevierto B.V.manufacturing planning and control that is not as formally tested as M
All rights reserved.
Planning (MRP) systems which have traditionally been around for years. Yet, some reports indicate very good performance fo
of synchronous manufacturing principles. But how do these systems compare and relate to one another? Based on our exper
Manufacturing Company that actually made the transition from an MRP system to a DBR system, we conduct simulation-bas
with the objective of providing a more formal comparison between these two systems than what has been offered in prior lit
The importance
this is of material
the only study and that
of its kind product
usesrecovery is steadily
a real-world settingincreasing,
to evaluatemainly due to customer
key differences expectations
and convergence and between
points take-backc
major
systems.operation in material
Our results show that andeven
product recovery,
though the MRP sinceandreturned products
DBR systems are often
position disassembled
inventory to and
differently separate
providematerials
different anddy
considers the problem
customer demand, thereof are
scheduling
several several
operating items on a that
policies singlecandisassembly
be implementedfacility.
inIteither
develops a cyclic
system. Whilelot-scheduling heuristi
the DBR performanc
with sequence-dependent
was clearly superior to a nominalset-ups,MRP
resulting in disassembly
implementation, we showfrequencies for within
that even the items. Additionally,
the constraints ofthe
theway the problem
structural designisoffoM
of the pro. table
modification baseduseon ofDBR
the facility. Thecan
principles disassembly
significantly frequencies
reduce these and performance
the pro. tabledifferences.
use of the facility are used
This finding has to
ancreate a cyci
important
The paper who
managers reviewsneed'classic approaches'
not necessarily to Production
switch from a MRP Planning
systemand to aControl
DBR type (PPC)
of asuch as Kanban,
system (as wasManufacturing Resource Pl
done by our case-study fir
Constrains
advantage (TOC), and elaborates
of attractive features of upon the emergence
the DBR system. Future of techniques
researcherssuch
can asuse
Workload
our study Control (WLC), Constant
to understand more fullyWorkhowIn Proc
thes
Overlapping
Operating Policy Loops of Cards with
differences Authorization
can be (POLCA)
further exploited to and web- orunique
implement e-based Supplythat
systems Chain Management
combine the best(SCM) solutions.
features of both AD c
approaches from the
Taylor & Francis Group Ltd. point of view of various sectors of the Make-To-Order (MTO) Industry is presented. The paper considers
importance of the customer enquiry stage, company size, degree of customization and shop floor configuration and shows th
This paper traces
applicability significant
of planning and developments
control concepts. in technology, quality, measurement,
The paper heightens the awarenessand relationshipsand
of researchers that have led to to
practitioners thethestudy
PP
The paper
system introduces
selection five principlesand
decision-making, of supply
highlightschain
thenetworks-velocity,
importance of a clear variability, vocalize, visualize,
implementation strategy. and
WLCvalue-that
emerges as have
the mom
architecture
solution whilst from
for an art configurations
other to a science. Finally,
there arethe several
paper uses each principle
alternatives to point
depending to an important,
on individual company emerging trend in and
characteristics suppl o
key areas for future research, including the need for empirical research into the use of Workload Control in small and medium
The proposal of the Equalized Lot Size Value Algorithm is introduced as an alternative to generate a better total makespan o
the same time, pursuing the smoothing of the machine loading when a high demand fluctuation occurs. The ELSV algorithm
Equalized and Synchronized Production (ESP) and Theory of Constraints (TOC), in order to obtain a concrete definition of ESP
makespan for the Job Shop problems under TOC scheduling. As a result, smaller equalized lot sizes can improve makespan, e
On the other hand, equalized lot sizes also provide enough improvement in the smoothing of loading, even though it is a hal
No abstract
The make-or-buy decision has traditionally been made using standard cost accounting methods. In this Journal, Gardiner and
strong case for incorporating the bottleneck capacity into the decision. However, their method did not guarantee the best so
complicated make-or-buy problem. Additionally, their approach in some cases allowed organizations to forego opportunities
the publication of the Gardiner and Blackstone research, spreadsheets with in-built Linear Programming (LP) based optimizer
analyses that encourage efforts toward optimal solutions for complicated problems. This article is a review and update of the
According
methodology as the time
based ondynamic of theLPbottle
spreadsheet existenceenhanced
that provides in the production
solutionslogistics,
in complexthisenvironments
paper appliedwith
theory of constrains,
multiple products and
an
period
Specificofmanagerial
time division. A new way
implications ofoffered
are dividing the period of time is proposed and at last a prototype system is designed and
An analysis of Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) Depot Level Maintenance is conducted to examine the scheduled mainenance cyc
determine potential inefficiencies related to cost or time. Performance is measured by analyzing costs, cycle time, quality, av
Current operations in Iraq are considered for effects on depot level maintenance, depot capacity, and operational availability
implications in determining whether depot level maintenance should be conducted at Barstow, California or Albany, Georgia,
now.
Atpresent, many production managementtechnologies have been using in China, such as Manufacture Resource Planning (M
Theory of Constraints (TOC), et al. It?s necessary to study their advantages and disadvantages in order to adopt their strong
weaknesses at best. In this case of studying, a detailed comparative study among MRPII JITTOC is discussed, then, the suit
technologies is discussed, where MRPII is placed in enterprise level with responsibility for Master Production Schedule(MPS)
Planning(MRP), and monthly/ weekly componentparts planning on various workshops TOC is placed in workshop level with re
Mingers
production (J. Oper. Res.and
planning Soc. 54 (2003)and
scheduling 559order
Int. Trans.
releaseOper. Res.shop
on job 7 (2000)
JIT is 673
placedJ. Mingers, A. Gillfield
in production (Eds.), Multimethodology:
level with responsibility Towa
for
of Combining Management Science Methodologies,
production control, and manufacturing state feedback. Wiley, Chichester, 1997), Mingers and Brocklesby (Omega-Int. J. Manage
Systemist 18(3) (1996) 101) and others have sought to develop classificatory frameworks that would be useful in understand
characteristics of Operational Research/Management Science (OR/MS) methodologies and the philosophical assumptions und
extends their work to the domain of methods and methodologies known as the Theory of Constraints (TOC). In particular, the
We analyze
methods and sequencing policies
tools in relation to designed
traditionaltoOR/MS
most effectively utilizemethods
methodologies, the resources of a closed
and tools, queueing
and provides network
a basis representatio
for continuing mu
system.
developmentA continuous
across the time
twoMarkov decision
domains. process
The paper formulation
concludes that is used
the to compare
tools, techniques theand
performance
methods ofofTOC optimal sequencing
can be viewed asp
developed
complementary by analyzing
hard anda soft
heavy traffic
tools andapproximation of the system.
methods that contribute to all(C) 2004 of
phases Elsevier B.V.
activity andAllacross
rightsall
reserved.
three social, personal
the Mingers-Brocklesby framework, and share the ontological and epistemological characteristics and assumptions of extant
2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The logistics of production, inventory management, scheduling, and distribution present decision makers with signifi cant ch
these challenges have frequently been addressed by three management philosophies: Just-In-Time (JIT), Total Quality Manag
of Constraints(TOC). One of the tools developed by Dr. Eli Goldratt, the major intellectual force behind TOC , is the Drum-Buff
system. Goldratt contends that the schedule can have s the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) scheduling system. Goldratt contends t
signifi cant impact on the fi nancial performance of the organization. The relationship between the buffer size and f size and
Ainda
simulatedque model
no maisof anse actual
possa considerar a Teoria das
small manufacturing Restries
company (TOC)
is illus- como performance
inancial uma abordagem in a efetivamente
simulated model nova ofde
anse gerens
actual
de falsos entendimentos acerca do assunto muito grande. Este artigo tem o propsito de cooperar no sentido de esclarece
is illustrated.
particulares da TOC , mais especificamente relacionados com a sua proposta de programao da produo baseada na capa
fabris, denominada de Tambor-Pulmo-Corda (TPC). Concomitantemente, a partir das discusses expostas, este artigo preten
inerente ao TPC no necessariamente a mesma do j difundido software OPT, assim como mostrar que a aplicao da lgi
Although
frente e paraTheory
trsofnoConstraints
TPC tambm (TOC) is a vezes
muitas relatively new
difere deapproach for organizational
alguns livros-textos sobre omanaging, there is aTheory
assunto. Although lot of misundersta
of Constrain
In order tofor
approach shed some light on
organizational particulars
managing, TOCisproduction
there aspects concerning
a lot of misunderstanding to its finite
regarding capacityInscheduling
this subject. proposal
order to shed some name
light
this article
aspects aims to discuss
concerning that capacity
to its finite the DBR scheduling
logic is not proposal
necessarily the same
named as that one known
as Drum-Buffer-Rope as OPT
(DBR), thissoftware as well
article aims as backt
to discuss
definitions
necessarilycan the be
samedifferent
as that from
onethat presented
known as OPT in the literature.
software as well as backward and forward scheduling definitions can be diffe
the literature
citation only
This paper describes a SPDIS (Simulation, Production Plan and Dispatching Integration System) for linking between PMC (pro
department) and MFG (manufacturing department). First of all is the outline of this system. Then the forecast output differen
and no tool limitation and then the shop floor control logic. In the end, it has been proved that the SPDlS not only improves t
reduces the argument between PMC and MFG. Implementation of the SPDIS improves CLIP by 60%. It means we have improv
increase customer's satisfaction
Three-zone Buffer Management (TZBM) is proposed for solving real world problems with complicated constraints and limited
used to solve the logistics problems called Packing, Allocating and Routing Problem (PARP)first in this paper. PARP has three p
has multiple goals and constraints, which are usually dependent and conflict mutually. It is difficult even to find a solution sa
general method for solving the problems in real world is to relax some constraints and change the priorities of goals and con
according to the situations of the solving process. Each process is considered as a multi-agent system and then PARP is a mu
This article
system. TZBMis aisreport on athe
to divide Delphi study
agents undertaken
such as pallets,totrucks
determine the critical
and routes inhibiting
into three zonesfactors (constraints)
according in the teaching
to their situation satisfyina
in South Africa.
Yellow-zone andItRed-zone.
is part of TZBM
a larger projectitspremised
focuses attentionon onthe Theory of
improving Constraints
the situation ofthat aims at
violation determining
and decreasingthetheconstraints a
agents in Re
them. The Delphi
negotiation among technique as a technique
agents, relaxing for polling
constraints expert opinion
and changing is brieflydescribed.
their priorities. 2005 SICE. For this study the opinions of two p
constraints for the humanities have been polled. Twenty-one constraints were identified to a high degree of reliability. The st
language and reading skills are of the utmost importance. It also confirms that the humanities should profile their contributio
and learn to deal effectively with the utilitarian and vocational challenges they face today.
In a competitive market, a company needs to utilize its available capacity efficiently in order to acquire high profit. The purpo
effective approaches to find a set of product mix optimal for the company to achieve the optimal manufacturing. Analytic hie
analytic network process (ANP) approaches are taken to analyse multiple process inputs and outputs, incorporating experts
importance, to obtain optimal product mixes for semiconductor production. The results provide guidance to the fabricator re
accepting orders to maximize the manufacturing efficiency and the profit, while simultaneously considering other important
The make-or-buy
maintaining decision has
manufacturing traditionally been made using standard cost accounting methods. In this Journal, Gardiner and
smoothness.
strong case for incorporating the bottleneck capacity into the decision. However, their method did not guarantee the best so
complicated make-or-buy problem. Additionally, their approach in some cases allowed organizations to forego opportunities
the publication of the Gardiner and Blackstone research, spreadsheets with in-built Linear Programming (LP) based optimizer
analyses that encourage efforts toward optimal solutions for complicated problems. This article is a review and update of the
methodology based on spreadsheet LP that provides enhanced solutions in complex environments with multiple products an
Specific managerial implications are offered.
An analysis of Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) Depot Level Maintenance is conducted to examine the scheduled mainenance cyc
determine potential inefficiencies related to cost or time. Performance is measured by analyzing costs, cycle time, quality, av
Current operations in Iraq are considered for effects on depot level maintenance, depot capacity, and operational availability
implications in determining whether depot level maintenance should be conducted at Barstow, California or Albany, Georgia,
now.
One of the most important decisions that a manager should make is to determine a product mix to be scheduled able to max
decisions he needs more accurate information about the optimal product mix and the restrictive bottlenecks of its company.
to demonstrate as using the Activity Based Costing (ABC) approach together with the Theory of Constraints (TOC) philosophy
optimal solution to the product mix problem and the bottlenecks machines on the shop floor. A case study is provided to sho
proposed approach to a real case. Specifically we have analysed an aeronautical firm where, applying our methodology we h
No
ableabstract
to reduce the total cost per unit during the amortization time.
Implementing the Theory of Constraints (TOC) requires significant changes in the processes, policies and behaviours of an or
a successful and lasting implementation it is important to have an implementation plan, as well as keeping and managing im
documentation. This helps to get and maintain organisational commitment to teach the organisation how the system works
knowledge for future continuous improvement. A roadmap methodology provides a plan or map for making the transition fro
today to where it will be in the future. This paper describes a roadmap approach to facilitate the successful execution of a TO
Shop floorand
capturing management
managing is anTOC
the important ingredient
knowledge withinin the
the enterprise management. Working flow of shop floor management b
organisation.
Constraints is discussed, the function model of system is presented. Production schedule of constrainted resource can be rea
management can integrate with other ERP management systems.
The Maintenance Center for the Marine Corps Logistics Base, Albany, Georgia, launched a program in 2001 combining princi
Constraints and Lean thinking. The Center had been constantly plagued by apparent capacity shortages in virtually every de
manpower was being considered. An analysis using Theory of Constraints revealed that there was, in fact, more than adequa
workload. The perceived lack of capacity was due to policy constraints imposed on the Center as a result of a push schedulin
implementing a pull system for scheduling repairs, the Center revealed capacity that had been masked. Today, the Center is
99 percent of the production lines where the Theory of Constraints principles have been implemented.
A visual presentation of "Improving Patient Flow Using Theory of Constraints, " presented by Cathy Modaro during the May 1
Solutions Conference, is presented.
Determining product mix connects to the benefit of an enterprise. Based on the methods of determining bottlenecks in TOC
determining is infeasible under the TOC with multiple constraints, a new heuristic method simultaneously concerned with the
constraint is presented. The method is clearly illustrated by dividing into five steps. A simulation is used to show the conveni
new method in the end.
Firstly, this paper introduces the evolution course of Theory of Constraint(TOC) and some basic concepts such as constraint,
steps and DBR model.Then, it discusses the revelation of TOC to the management of university libraries.This paper holds tha
object of university libraries, on the one hand, its final object should be made clear, that is, offering literature and informatio
hand, it's necessary and also possible to establish a scientific and measurable management index system.The constraint of l
readers'demand, when we make work plan, we should focus on this constraint and set a buffer before the constraint so as to
Introduction
demanded by ofthe
new products
readers often challenges existing supply chains as they might not be suitable to meet changing require
initially.
if additional criteria are to be met, such as, environmentally-sound production. Among others, this can be attributed to two is
management of time, the second the management of complexity. The paper addresses the question of how time and comple
green products. First, a brief description of supply chain, time and complexity management will be given. Next, the product-r
conceptual approach to supply chain management will be used to structure the discussion of time and complexity effects in
Introduction
case studies of new
will be products
presentedoften
takingchallenges existing
organic cotton at supply
OTTO, achains as they
mail-order might not
business, beeco-polyester
and suitable to meet changing an
at Steilmann, require
appa
if
Theadditional
comparisoncriteria aretwo
of the to be met, chains
supply such as, environmentally-sound
provides valuable insightsproduction. Among and
into the problems others,
howthis
theycan be attributed
might to two is
be overcome.
management of time, the second the management of complexity. The paper addresses the question of how time and comple
green products. First, a brief description of supply chain, time and complexity management will be given. Next, the product-r
conceptual approach to supply chain management will be used to structure the discussion of time and complexity effects in
case studies will be presented taking organic cotton at OTTO, a mail-order business, and eco-polyester at Steilmann, an appa
The comparison of the two supply chains provides valuable insights into the problems and how they might be overcome.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of manufacturing transfer batch sizes to financial performance, using an u
process as an exemplified situation. According to the most recent changes in the manufacturing business environment, as w
field (especially the Theory of Constraints (TOC) related research), manufacturing organisations should favour decisions relat
and ignore the proposals of cost saving models (Economic Order Quantity, Economic Production Quantity). The results of this
it seems that manufacturing organisations using transfer batching are able to serve versatile customer orders in a profitable
A number
order size.ofOnattempts havetraditional
the contrary been made to develop theories
management methods inwill
operations management
lead to the (OM) (e.g.
situation, where sometradeoff
potential theory by Skinne
customer group
Chase and Tansik,results,
these interesting productprocess
this papermatrix by Hayes
also proposes and Wheelwright).
further Researchers
avenues of research on the intopic
OM acknowledge that there
of transfer batching. is no
Lead wide
time im
OM rests ortrade
interesting whichoffserves as abetween
situation unified OMtwotheory to integrate
different components existing
(Leadtheorylike principles hased
time improvement or informal
purelytheories.
on transferConstraints
batch sizm
developed
time savings).over the past 20 years by consultants and practitioners but has received little attention from OM researchers. The
constraints management may serve as a broad theory within operations that will allow integration of a great deal of existing
A capacity-constrained
objectives of this paperscheduling using
are to propose a the concept
construct, of the theory
throughput of constraints
orientation, forits
discuss a semiconductor
core dimensions, Logic
andIC final test
develop opera
a theore
scheduling
also suggests of the IC final
several test considers
hypotheses unrelated
that might parallel machines
be empirically tested towith multiple
establish CMconstraint problems.
as a recognized A broad
theory in theproduct
field of mix,
oper
long
paperand variablewith
concludes set-up times, as for
suggestions wellfuture
as limited test equipment capacity characterize the operations in this test facility. Dis
research.
models based on e-M-Plant are developed to implement the capacity-constrained scheduling algorithm. A comparison is al
which are combinations of the rules such as first come first serve and earliest due date for the order scheduling, and the rule
A caseshortest
time, study investigating
processing timea reengineering
and shortestproject
set-up based
time pluson theory of constraints
processing fundamental
time for the dispatching measurements
test equipment. is presented.
The simula
triggered
proposed the project. The main scheduling
capacity-constrained constraint is the marketother
outperforms itself.rules
Moreover,
for thea committed
policy constraint
volume encouraging
performance local optima
in many in the p
different
process
Directionslimits the company
for future research from
are reaching its goal and prevents it from exploiting the market constraint. The paper also discu
also presented.
such projects.
The benefits as well as the turmoil that the implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems creates for multin
known. Several reports and evidence through case studies underline both the difficulties and the resulting benefits of ERPs. T
reasoning behind long implementation times and organizational thunderstorms that tantalise the deployment of ERP system
of most implementation projects that generate the majority of technical and functional problems and constitute the projects
development within ERP systems due to key and unique requirements in a business environment, and localization and repor
The
mustdesign
adhere ofto
a or
simple
wantproduction
to achieve.line Theinapproach
which serially arranged
proposes workers canof
the classification work independently
functional requirementsof oneinto
another assuming
business criticali
Traditional thought
the distribution indicates
of code that the for
development output
system of such
not a linesupported
fully is determined by theamong
processes slowest station.
these two Traditional thought maintain
classes is discussed. Subseq
Goldratt
times and ( 1984 ) says that
deployment a balanced
inefficiencies line
are is inefficient
coupled with thebecause
level ofofcode
statistical fluctuations
development, and and dependent
the difficulty of resources.
avoiding this Theforpres
th
simulation
mainly dueof toauser
10-station line in
inflexibility andwhich
localthe capacity ofpeculiarities,
environment station 10 is is held constantUsing
discussed. whilethe additional
Theory of capacity is gradually
Constraints, adde
a coherent
thus called the
bottlenecks andconstraint,
effectivelywhile stations
planning 1-9 are
the code non-constraints.
development effort The shape of and
is proposed, the extra (or protective)
trade-offs are derived capacity
between atsuccessfu
non-cons
The present
pattern
implementations paperwith
to patterns describes
that managerialan open
increased from queuing
1 to 9 and
enforcement network modelling
decreased
of best practicesfrom approach
1 to
fully to estimate
9. Four
functional random the size
patterns
within major ERPof thealso
were timetested.
systems. buffers
The Itin produc
was
approach foun
is v
the
fromTheory
constraint
an actualof Constraints
capacity
SAP R/3increasedphilosophy.
the output
implementation Workstations
atofthe line,inand
thelargest the production
that the flatof
manufacturer network
protective
packaging are modelled
capacity
products as GI/G/m
pattern
and queues
slightly
equipment betteredand the
in Europe. a queuing
perform
multiproduct open queuing network modelling method is used to estimate the average flow time to the time buffer origin an
flow time. Using these two values together with an assumption of normally distributed flow times and a chosen service level
is determined. The queuing network analysis method has been modified to enable the modelling of production networks with
The recently
service developed
and varying alternatives
transfer to traditional
batch sizes. The modellingproduction
approachplanning and been
has also control systems such
incorporated in aascomputerized
material requirement
tool that usepla
the
suchdrum-buffer-rope
as bill-of-material (DBR) and CONWIP
and routing (CONstant
data, and Worknetwork
production In Process) systems.such
information Eachas system
resource is best
datadescribed
to estimate as the
a combinati
sizes and
(like
time abuffers
Kanban) for logistical
each product.procedure. Materials
Simulation are pulled
experiments into the
indicate shop
that thevia the appropriate
procedure logic, and
is sufficiently once to
accurate released,
providematerials
an initia
subsequent
needed timeworkcentres.
buffer lengths Theat performance
the design stage of the
of DBR and CONWIP control policies are analysed and compared in a three-st
the line.
production line. Using a continuous Markov process model, steady-state probability distributions for the systems are derived
Theory
measures of Constraints
of the systems philosophy operates under
can be evaluated. the assumption
To compare that the an
the two systems, goal of a for-profit
optimization business
model is tosystem
for each 'Make money now
is proposed
Consequently,
for the optimizationit is amodels,
manager's the job continuously
proposed modelstoare search for ways
validated, theto increase their
differences of theoperation's
two systems throughput. Increasing
are investigated, andtheit ia
operation
than CONWIP accepts
under is the
oneproposed
way a manager can domeasures.
performance this. Free goods are items that do not use the capacity of the operation's pri
this, it is possible to increase their output. However, increasing the number of free goods processed decreases the amount o
the operation. Protective capacity plays a key role in the ability of an operation to deliver orders on time. Increasing the amo
We describe
operation hybrid manufacturing
processes is an action that / remanufacturing
could jeopardizesystems with afuture
the system's long lead time forbecause
throughput manufacturing and a on
it will impact short
thelead time
operation
review
time. Inthe classes
order of inventory
for managers Strategies
to fulfil the goal forofhybrid
making systems
moneyinnow the and
literature. These are
in the future, they allmust
based on equaltotal
maximize leadthroughput
times. For sw
manufacturing
This paper provides and fast
some remanufacturing,
initial insights aboutwe propose a new class.
how managers An extensivemanage
can intelligently numerical freeexperiment shows that
goods to balance these the optima
competi
almost always performs better and often much better than the optimal strategies in all other classes.
Returning to TOC , some APS offerings are increasingly being seen as the next step in supporting DBR (the famous 'drum', 'b
goal under flexible software management - and particularly useful where multiple, moving bottlenecks are concerned. Take 'b
widely accepted that buffer stocks exist because of a lack of information. If you knew what you needed and when, the buffer
Under the increasingly intensive competition, manufacturing companies often suffer from capacity shortage. Continuous imp
approach to tackle this problem. Overall Equipment Effectiveness ( OEE) and the Theory of Constraints (TOC) are the two ou
paper, we present the method of TOC-based OEE to take full advantages of each other. The new method has proved its posit
shortage in a real-life application.
The beauty of lean manufacturing - when it's working right - is that the flow of material and information is one. Under a reple
lean work cell produces only to replace what is consumed by the previous operation, with manual signals called Kanban card
The problem with this nirvana, apart from semantics over what constitutes lean, is that the manual information flow can fall
data. believe it makes sense to deploy software that brings lean online, but some experts and end users contend not every c
software for lean. But as users progress with lean techniques, they often bring in new modules or bolt-on solutions, so the iss
of software is needed to bring lean online? For certain, ERP vendors are putting more focus on lean. Under a broader approac
manufacturers are mixing lean techniques with Theory of Constraints and Drum Buffer Rope concepts. It's a maturation proc
to users' needs for more systems support for lean.
The effectiveness in utilizing the drum buffer rope (DBR) system, an order release system based on the Theory of Constraint
the performance of a multistage production system with a single bottleneck has been evaluated in the literature. This paper
implementing the DBR system for a multistage production system with multiple bottlenecks. The new method in releasing an
improve the performance obtained by the previous Pull From Both Bottleneck (PFBB) system, which has been shown to obtai
compared with two other methods, i.e. Pull From Bottleneck 1 (PFB1) and Pull From Bottleneck 2 (PFB2). First, the definitions
This
alongpaper focuses
with the on the
objective inproblem of it
proposing determining the ordering
are evaluated. Then, theand disassembly
mathematical schedules
equations forofthe
used
newor proposed
end-of-lifesystem
products
andwh P
their parts/components
The performance of the over a planning
new method horizon. To
is analysed andrepresent
comparedand optimally
with solve
those of the
other basic case
systems usingofathe problem,analysis.
simulation an integer
Furt p
suggested
processing for the
time inobjective of minimizing
the bottleneck stages isthe sum of purchase,
evaluated. set-up,
The results showinventory holding and
the effectiveness of thedisassembly operation
proposed method costs. cT
in every
extended to consider more general cases with parts commonality, i.e. single and multiple product types with parts commona
experiments done on the problems obtained from the literature and a number of randomly generated test problems show th
The Patient
models Safety in
suggested Committee
this paperofwork
Rushwell
University Medical Center
up to medium-sized uses
test the Theory of Constraints in its review of adverse even
problems
Robert A McNutt, Associate Director of Medical Informatics, discusses how it provides a conceptual framework for identifying
as offers a model for planning safety improvements. According to McNutt, the safety committee uses individual cases as its s
Individual rather than aggregated cases help the committee better understand the cause and effect relationship between cli
of care and adverse events. Many adverse events actually are not errors. For example, complications can result from a high-
citation only
procedure is carried out correctly. Sometimes it is easy to observe the cause and effect link between the mistake and the adv
cases that are evaluated are not so easy to classify, because they involve many delivery systems.
Supply chain collaboration amongst independent firms often provides larger benefits from effectively satisfying end custome
isolation. However, a lack of awareness about the existence of constraints along the supply chain prevents the benefits of co
realised. This paper attempts to apply the theory of constraints approach to overcome difficulties in realising the potential be
collaboration. Specifically, it shows how the theory of constraints approach can be used to expose an inherent dilemma of co
collaborative replenishment policy and collaborative performance metrics so that the chain members can work together to a
In complex and
profitability. concurrent
Several construction
opportunities projects,
for future reliable
research planning becomes a centre for effectivecollaboration across upstrea
are recommended.
downsteam operations atthe wok face. housands fliteratures in construction planning have been ublished over the past50 ye
implementing mountain of techniques and tools. However, they are very fragmented and have not yetprovided a universal s
problem of separation of execution from planning. To solve this puzzle, this paper introduced a new met hodology called mu
possesses five superior characteristics including (1) collaborative and multi-level planning (2)multi-constraintconsideration (3
Cooperation is considered
uncertaintyhandling to be veryvisualre
(4)appropriate important for the negotiation
presentation among autonomous
and (5)practicable optimisation.agents in a multi-agent
Anintegrated decisionsystem (MAS
supportsyste
negotiation in MAS have provided
basedand mobileinformation a variety of approaches.
anagementsystem, However,
4D-visualisation the case
system, and of cooperation
evolutionary and negotiation
optimisation in dealing
system with
is successfu
many complicated restrictions
for implementation ofthe roposedhasmethodology.
not been thoroughly
The twoexamined.
modules of Ininformation
this paper, managementand
a Cooperative Negotiation Strategy
visualisationare (CNS) is
detailed a
world problems
Itisenvisaged hatsuch as the Loading, Allocating and
successfulimplementationofthis Scheduling
system Problem
will enable (LASP). CNS
generation is based
of reliable on and
plans the idea of Drum-Buffer-Rop
constraint-free executio
Constraints (TOC), risksand
reduce production heuristic improve
algorithms, and the knowledge of skilled workers in the real world. Experimental results show th
on-siteproductivity.
Cooperative
for relaxing thebehavior is considered
conflicts among agents to be very
and Important
excluding for the states.
deadlock negotiation among autonomous agents in a multi-agent syst
cooperation, each agent must make some necessary concessions in the competition of limited resources. In this paper, an A
Multi-agent Model (ACMAM) is proposed for solving the conflicts among agents competitions. ACMAM is based oil the idea of
System (ADS) and Druin-Buffer-Rope (DBR) presented in the Theory Of Constraints (TOC). In ACMAM each agent is considere
cooperative, and they do not only compete resources for reaching its own goal but also make concession for subordinating th
No abstract
system's constraint, can be improved by the cooperative negotiation of autonomous agents and the concessive behaviors of
discusses that when and how agents adopt the concessive behavior by using an example of real world systems called Loadin
Problem (LASP).
Focuses on the synchronous manufacturing system (SMS), a manufacturing management methodology that introduces vario
help increase the performance of the system for optimum production quantity. Enlightens the effects of bottleneck resources
suggests remedies for synchronized flow in the shop floor. Also recommends methods for production control in synchronous
together the concepts and elements of marketing and manufacturing along with production quantity. Gives information abou
be taken into consideration while applying synchronous manufacturing methodology in marketing and manufacturing. Shows
The
futureTheory
scope.of Constraints (TOC) is an example of a management philosophy built upon a limited number of assumptions and
process of continuous ongoing improvement [1]. The assumption forming one foundation of TOC is that a system's outputs a
constraints. The assumptions forming another foundation are new definitions for throughput, inventory and operating expen
designed to support the goal of the organisation, which, according to Goldratt, is to make money [3], TOC , previously referre
Technology (OPT), is a production control methodology that maximises profits in a plant with a demonstrated bottleneck [4].
The theory product
determine of constraints
mix that (TOC)
will is a multi-faceted
maximise systems
profitability methodology
is a very that of
simple series has been[5],
steps developed to assist
In this article, people
a case andfrom
study organ
an
problems,
demonstrate develop breakthrough
how the application solutions andofimplement
of concepts those solutions
TOC will maximise successfully.
profit for This paper
an organisation. describes
This paper a literature-base
further explains how
the results performance
increasing of TOC applications
throughreported innumber
a limited the literature. In particular,
of assumptions it presents
designed here a
to provide the results of process
continuous a meta-analysis of over
of improvement
applications, based on(TQM).
Quality Management available
Thisquantitative data, which
paper also shows the stepsshowed that in
involved significant
solving aimprovements in bothalong
typical TOC problem operational and finan
with optimisati
achieved as a result This
demand conditions. of applying
work has TOC Despite
been extensive
carried out on an searches, the research
IBM/PC compatible found no reports of failures. Mile reports are m
system.
In recent decades,
organisations, companies
the findings mayhave adopted management
be generalisable philosophies
to other types such as Just-In-Time
of organisations, particularly(JIT) and operational
to their Theory of Constraints
aspects. Th(
productivity and, thus,
agenda for future financial
research on theperformance.
use of TOC inThis paper describes
operations the use management.
and production of a comprehensive set of criteria to examine em
unit performance, over 3 years, as reported by firms adopting these management philosophies as well as by those using a tr
approach. We compare the performance and the change in performance of companies reporting TOC adoption, those reporti
reporting to have adopted both, and those reporting to have adopted neither (traditional manufacturing). Results indicate th
and improvement in performance accrued to adopters of TOC . JIT did not have superior performance or superior change in p
with traditional manufacturing. Change in performance for firms using JIT and TOC simultaneously was negative and trailed a
significant degree (except when compared with TOC ).
In this preface, I provide a brief historical background and basic concepts of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) for the sake of r
present a summary of the papers accepted for this special issue within a framework, and then point out a few potential rese
substantial impact on the future TOC research, specifically in the production management arena.
In today's competitive business environments, a firm's long-term survival rests heavily on its ability to sustain manufacturing
competitors. To provide the firm with detailed guidelines for sustaining manufacturing superiority, this paper examines the im
management accounting systems, manufacturing control systems and time horizon on manufacturing performance in an ent
integrated environment. These management accounting systems include traditional costing, activity-based costing and throu
manufacturing control systems include Just-In-Time- and Theory of Constraints-based manufacturing. Through a series of sim
Managing
found thataactivity-based
distribution system costingrequires
provided the right short-
higher inventoryandin the rightprofit,
long-term place better
at the right time.service
customer A Theory andoflower
Constraints reple
work-in-proc
presented
costing andtothroughput
aggregate accounting
inventory buffers at the where
in situations centralfirms
warehouse
have high in plant and change
overhead the relatively
costs and mode of operation
low labourfrom and push
materiato
but the optimal
inventories becauseamount of bufferuncertainty.
of demand remains undetermined. In Theory
Traditional costing also of Constraints, throughput
outperformed choosing a accounting
specific buffer size is not the
by exploiting crucia
re
monitored
capabilitiesinofaan timely manner.
enterprise Accordingly,
resource planningTheory of Constraints
system. Just-In-Time is manufacturing
offered a bufferoutperformed
managementTheory approach for monitoring
of Constraints withth
management
term profitability, is feasible
customer andservice,
effective butwork-in-process
and is insufficientlyinventory
rigorous. This paper
because of elucidates
differencesain generic
buffer buffer
inventory management
policies and proce
se
One
of
time would
Theory
horizon ofexpect
and its a continuous
Constraintsinteraction production
buffer management
with planning
management and control
that rigorously
accounting system
defines
systems to be
a method
had nomore
of sensitive
monitoring
impact on theto tosize
information
and adjust
manufacturing inaccuracy
the buffer.
performance. than
An
In
major
that a source
feasibility of information
of the
management proposed inaccuracy
generic
accounting bufferis
system thedepicts
updating
management
that rate of the perceived
theprocedure.
manufacturing process system
tendedstate. This phenomenon
to provide more accurate is particularly
product cos s
must
a betteremploy
system appropriate
performance technology
than theand procedures for updating the corporate information throughout its branches. The st
others.
strategies for production planning and control under different updating rates for inventory information. For this purpose, we
mechanism for an environment characterized by inaccurate information. Then we construct a simulation model for a specific
This paper
that can bedeals with improving
controlled by either the the Pull
lead-time
or Push performance
approach. The of asimulation
small packaging
results manufacturer
show a significantin the Netherlands
domination thatPull
of the hadsta
facets
confirmofthatTheory of Constraints
the Pull (TOC) in the
approach protects 1997.flow Since then, delivery
of materials against reliability
machineand andprofits
market have increased
variations, andwere
which lead-times
known,reduc
and
attempt
information,to achieve
which is further
new. Thelead-time improvements
Pull strategy in 2001,to
is less sensitive the
thefirm recently encountered
information updating rate some
sincelimitations
it smoothes of its
thepartial TOC
materials
paper we focus
information gaps on(known
the modifications
versus actual) of its
areorder
much acceptance
smaller. and buffer management system that were necessary in order to
reduction. We describe how Workload Control principles were introduced to improve the buffering approach and planning pro
This
usingpaper
sincepresents a systematic
1997. It shows approach
that Workload to managing
Control provides byeffective
the market constraint
tools that can be in the
usedHi-Tech industry. In
in combination linethe
with with the The
Drum-Buff
methodology,
to balance theitflow is argued
of workthat in aproduction
to the market-constrained
floor. environment, the marketing and sales department together with the
department are Permanent Bottlenecks and need to be managed as such. The paper modifies the Theory of Constraint's five
accommodate the market constraint. It describes the Strategic Gating and Tactical Gating that enable the firm to increase sh
that even though the company has to seek pro. table orders in the competitive market, management can control the situatio
This paper propositioned
presented. The paper alsoand tested awhether
suggests a heuristic
way to reduce costsbased on Theoryareas
in non-critical of Constraints
and stresseslogicthe
could
need improve systemprotective
for lead-time financia
traditional supply chain methods in a multi-product, multi-echelon physical distribution environment exhibiting seasonality a
of the literature was conducted about current distribution management and Theory of Constraints techniques. Next, field res
major US manufacturer in order to capture the structure of its multi-product, multi-echelon physical distribution system. The
development of a baseline computer simulation of a fully distributed inventory system with orders planned by Distribution Re
Even
served though
as thehaving
basis forgained further insight
development into dispatching
of comparative problems
multi-echelon involving models,
distribution wafer fabrication,
one employing previous research
partial cannot oo
centralization
performances (Throughput,
planned by Distribution Cycle Planning,
Resource Time and the Work-InProcess)
other two models simultaneously.
employing To overcome
a Theory the conflicts among
of Constraints-based these three
heuristic pe
for buffe
present a dispatching
replenishment. decision
Simulation method
results showfor thethe waferoffabrication
Theory factory based
Constraints-based systems on are
Theory
more of effective
Constraints on a (TOC),
financialwhich uses
basis whediff
bottleneck
carrying costs, and retail-level
the non-bottleneck machines.
transhipment The proposedexpenses
and obsolescence method consists
than eitherof four
the categories of dispatching
existing distributed inventory rules: (1) defau
system or
WIP
systemlevel in the
when bottleneck
orders are based machine, (3) high WIP
on Distribution level inPlanning
Resource the non-bottleneck
logic. machines, and (4) batch machine. Also, a simul
The
dataproblem of Supply
is established Chain (SC)
to examine thebottleneck
performance badly influences
of the proposed themethod.
whole value of the results
Simulation SC system. Bottleneck
in this study indicate dilatation
that metho
the pr
only control SC
significantly bottleneck
maximize when it throughput,
the system has come into butbeing. Thereforethe
also minimize these two
cycle methods
time and the cannot solve the problem
work-in-process radically. As
(WIP) inventory.
from the traditional structure of SC, Supply and Demand Network with multi-functional and opening characteristics for enterp
which can reduce the rate of SC bottleneck question emergence from its origin.
This article describes the experiences of the marketing faculty at Temasek Polytechnic in Singapore in their effort to help the
entry-level skills by transforming the marketing curriculum using problem-based learning. The article describes how the facu
based learning approach and the challenges associated with implementing it. Evidence of the success of the new curriculum
Stencil printing, pick-and-place, reflow, and wave soldering are typical processes used in the assembly of printed circuit boar
overview of each process will be given in this article. The Theory of Constraints methodology will be used to discuss some of
improve the throughput of printed circuit board assembly processes.
Under the cost accounting view of manufacturing, all machine and labor resources should be utilized to the maximum. By co
Constraints (TOC) view of the world centers on pacing a plant around a key bottleneck using Drum-Buffer-Rope techniques, e
utilizing non-bottleneck areas. Lately, a growing number of enterprise resources planning (ERP) and supply chain planning so
a simpler approach to planning based on TOC concepts, including bottleneck and throughput management. TOC is elegantly
critical index of production performance. The barrier to maximum throughput is typically thwarted by a single capacity-const
Semiconductor
bottleneck, so the wafer fabrication
focus (FAB) is autilization
is on maximizing highly complex,
of that capital-intensive
bottleneck. DBR isprocess with rapidlyused
the methodology changing manufacturing
to manage maximumtet
complexity of the semiconductor
schedule becomes wafer
the "drum," which fabrication
sets the rhythmprocess (which includes
for everything multiple are
else. "Buffers" products, resource
allotments contention,
of material revisiting
and time.
difficult to introduce material into the line at the appropriate place in the line. In this environment, it is imperative to manage
material in order to maintain the desired output rate with minimal inventories. Real-time based flow control mechanisms suc
(DFC) and Starvation Avoidance (SA) have been developed to manage the flow of material however, because of their depend
information, it would be preferable to have a simplified flow control (non-real time data dependent) mechanism for managing
a FAB. This dissertation attempts to answer the question, "Can simplified flow control mechanisms be applied in a FAB?" This
simplified flow control mechanisms as effective techniques for scheduling in a FAB. Output Flow Control (OFC), the concepts
system, manages the flow of material by tying the output rate back to the input rate. Bottleneck Flow Control (BFC), the con
Buffer-Rope (DBR), manages material flow by tying the bottleneck output rate back to the input rate. This study explores OFC
dispatching rules to determine if the production system performance of a semiconductor wafer fabrication using DFC can be
The performance of a manufacturing or logistic system is determined by its constraints. Therefore, in order to improve the p
improve the constraints, also known as the bottlenecks. Finding the bottlenecks, however, is not easy. This paper compares t
bottleneck detection methods, based on the utilization and the waiting time, with the shifting bottleneck detection method d
systems. We find that the two conventional methods have many shortcomings compared to the shifting bottleneck detection
presented here, conventional methods are either unable to detect the bottleneck at all or detect the bottleneck incorrectly. T
Flow control
detection mechanisms
method not onlyhavefindsbeen a topic of academic
the bottlenecks research forthe
but also determines several years. of
magnitude Withthethe growth
primary of business-wide
and inform
secondary bottleneck
enterprise resource planning and supply chain, better planning, scheduling and control of the business transformation proce
achieve increased throughput, reduced inventories, shorter lead times and reduced tardiness. This research compares two n
control, output flow control and bottleneck flow control to a real-time flow control system, dynamic flow control. Both output
mechanisms are much simpler to implement and manage than dynamic flow control in that they do not require continual fee
The necessity ofsuch
characteristics, providing customers
as location with both with
of breakdowns quality products
respect and
to the increasingly
bottleneck, theshort leadof
location times is a major factor
the bottleneck in the cre
when breakdow
advantage ofprocessing
variability of manufacturingtimesbusinesses. A reduction
on the performance in manufacturing
measures cycle
(output, WIP time
level, produces
lateness, a direct
and numbereffect on the
of tardy overall
jobs) cycl
for thes
reductions
mechanisms anare
analysis of theBoth
compared. support processes
output surrounding
and bottleneck flow the shopfloor
control operations
mechanisms is often
perform required(particularly
favourably to gain further reduct
bottleneck
this
and research we define
warrant further studytheacross
time required from receipt
a wider range of customer
of scenarios (mixedorder through
models, to delivery
job shops, etc.). of finished product as the Job Fl
documents the early stages of an action research project to reduce the cycle time of the services supporting manufacturing.
A vendor
that managed
the majority of inventory (VMI)spends
time an order is a process
in the whereby
system can a supplier maintains
be reduced as most an of
inventory
this timeforis a retailer
spent by generating
waiting order
to be processed
demand information. In this relationship, the supplier is responsible for maintaining the retailers inventory levels and transp
costs. The performance measurements that are associated with the theory of constraints (TOC) have been widely advocated
operational objectives to the global goals of an organization. In this paper, we use a case study of the Procter & Gamble to il
TOC in VMI. The results show that the quality of service and the inventory level can be improved.
There is a range of methodologies and techniques aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of operational activity
process reengineering, total quality management and organisation development. Such methods differ from each other in how
achieved and implemented and even what to improve. In this paper a number of improvement methods, together with their
processes, are discussed. It becomes apparent from a review of these methods, based on the literature available, that none
particularly adept at identifying what to improve - how to find potential improvement areas. The paper describes a performa
Translator
measurement disclaimer
model designed to fill this gap they are guides as to what to analyse and how to measure in improvement wor
References Citations Metrics Reprints & Permissions Get access
This paper presents a systematic approach to managing by the market constraint in the Hi-Tech industry. In line with the The
methodology, it is argued that in a market-constrained environment, the marketing and sales department together with the
department are Permanent Bottlenecks and need to be managed as such. The paper modifies the Theory of Constraint's five
accommodate the market constraint. It describes the Strategic Gating and Tactical Gating that enable the firm to increase sh
that even though the company has to seek profitable orders in the competitive market, management can control the situatio
presented. The paper also suggests a way to reduce costs in non-critical areas and stresses the need for lead-time protective
The objective of any company is to make money. Theory of constraints (TOC) is a continuous improvement tool that lets you
common sense, to make sure that your objective is realized. This presentation will give a brief description of TOC , covering
drum/buffer/rope, subordinating other services and employee work ethic. I will go through our planning and implementation
as our first constraints and what we did about them. Results to date are the development of a simple scheduling system tha
customers expectations while reducing costs.
This article discusses material flow management. More specifically, it presents methods and tools used for capacity dynamic
resourses are focused on the reduction or elimination of static and dynamic bottlenecks. Practical applications are made usin
which associates the concepts presented through a demand-orientated, capacity dynamic regulation.
Line balancing has a place in paced assembly line manufacturing, but not in flow line situations. The theory of constraints is
productivity improvement since it is concerned with the welfare of the company, not just the optimization of the manufactur
performance measurements such as throughput, inventory, and operational expense help us check whether we really are ma
improvement.
Productivity of a manufacturing line made up of multiple equipments is measured, in many cases, as productivity of the bot
terms of overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). For this to hold true, some limitations apply such as having a series layout o
operating at fixed rates, i. e. single product recipe. Manufacturing lines in many industries are not that simple since multiple
various architectural combinations of equipments. In such cases productivity is greatly impacted by material flow between e
interdependence of equipment throughput. This paper introduces a methodology, based on newly developed factory level pr
Theory of constraints
analyzing manufacturing (TOC) viewsproductivity
system a company as as aa function
set of interdependent processes
of OEE and material flow.working in harmony
The metrics to a
serve as achieve the profit
foundation for a
whole, and thus
improvement it emphasizes
methodology, totalutilizes
which performance
severalover localized
concepts and measures to guide
theories such operational
as the Theory of decisions. This
Constraints. paper demons
Application of th
employing
production TOC -based
line is globalthrough
presented performance
a casemeasures to make
study in flat operational-decisions
glass window assembly. (e.g. product mix, continuous improvem
production planning and scheduling) to strengthen the internal supply chain in a relatively complex manufacturing environm
ARENA-based simulation model is presented and a number of scenarios are discussed that provide insights regarding the cha
No Abstract
such as goals and necessary conditions, performance measures, five-focusing steps for continuous improvement, and drum-
insights will assist managers in making important decisions regarding approaches to successful TOC implementations, and w
broad range of future research opportunities.
Recent market conditions require flexible or higher speed for products to reach markets. This speed is limited by a bottleneck
capacity, and this problem is known as the theory of constraints (TOC) in the supply chain management (SCM). The model h
paper by Matsui (1983, 1988), and has quite a distinctive origin in comparison to the bottleneck theory in TOC. This paper pr
model of enterprises (MGM), gives a design or decision-making method for management, and discusses the similarities of th
the theory of constraints (TOC). First, the MGM model is presented as the pair-type cooperative vs. non-cooperative game m
Supply chaini.collaboration
throughput, has emerged
e. , the marginal as an the
profit between important cooperative
sales price and the strategy
operatingleading to unit
cost per new time,
focusunder
on interorganisational
a bottleneck depen bo
of performance. (production).
(market)/supply Although collaboration increasingly
Next, the 2-stage receives
design method great attention
proposed both from
determines practitioners
the and academics,
economic traffic relative
of market/producti
given to systematically
(economics), reviewing
and sets the economic theleadtime/pricing
research literature
andthat has appeared
constraints under about supply chain
the economic trafficcollaboration.
in the secondThe purpose
stage of
(reliabil
previous
of MGM isstudies on supply
given and chainunder
considered collaboration
a M/M/1based on a model,
enterprise taxonomy. The proposed
a variety taxonomy
of management is composed of is
solutions/designs four differenton
discussed r
specific subjects
comparison of interorganisational
to bottleneck settings, namely information sharing, business processes, incentive schemes, and per
solutions is noted.
analysis includes the assessment of research ideas and key findings. Results show the great variability of key concepts acros
taxonomy and an increased awareness of complementarity amongst research streams. Several recommendations for future
this paper.
No Abstract
The authors address the production scheduling problem from two fundamentally different approaches, the theory of constrai
programming (LP). LP is a complicated mathematical approach while TOC is much less quantitative in nature. Both approach
operations data from a fibre manufacturer. It was found that the schedule produced by TOC is very similar to the one genera
A finite scheduling package means the software assumes that plant capacity is finite. That is a departure from the earliest ge
requirements planning systems, which assumed infinite capacity. A major reason why manufacturers turn to finite scheduling
able to overcome potential bottlenecks of various origins, even when they move as a result of changing production mix or ot
finite scheduling takes disciplined focus, caution some observers, as well as an appreciation for bottleneck management tech
This paper propositioned and tested whether a Theory of Constraints heuristic could improve customer service performance,
in a multi-product, multi-echelon physical distribution environment exhibiting seasonality and partial lost sales. Field researc
the structure of a multi-echelon physical distribution system, facilitating development of a baseline computer simulation of a
system with orders planned by DRP. That model became the basis for development of comparative models, one employing p
inventory with orders planned by DRP, two models employing TOC -based heuristics for buffering and replenishment. Simula
Any realmore
system worldeffective
system must have at
than either least
the one constraint
distributed to limit the
or the partially system from
centralized achievingsystem
multi-echelon its objective. How toare
when orders make good
based on
importance to increase the efficiency of the system. In this paper, an approximate algorithm consisting of two stages of appr
solving the real world problems. The first stage of approach called Basic Approach (BA) is proposed for searching a suboptim
resources. The second stage of approach called Buffer Management Approach (BMA) is proposed for improving the solution o
excluding the situations of violating restrictions by relaxing resources. According to the complicacy, diversity and limited reso
an idea of relaxing resources is embedded in the second stage of approach. The methods of Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) schedu
are used in the approaches for excluding the constraints in the process and increasing the efficiency of the system. The prop
solving the Loading Allocation and Scheduling Problems (LASP) in real world. By combining the two stages of approaches, the
considered to be effective and adaptive for solving a real world problem with complicated restrictions
citation only
A description of the synchronization of the final two stages of an international supply chain for an electronics instrumentation
The supply chain was redesigned from a traditional manufacturing operation to a synchronized supply chain to reduce a sup
weeks to a consistent 10 days across all products. The implementation of the drum-buffer-rope theory of constraints method
two new global performance measures are introduced: equivalent throughput and total system inventory. The synchronized s
achieved excellent delivery performance with a medium investment in capacity, inventory, and information management. [P
Goldratt, the originator of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), maintains that only the system's primary resource constraint(s) s
of capacity. All other resources should have excess capacity. This paper presents the results of a simulation experiment that
capacity utilization of a system's two most heavily utilized resources affect the performance of a drum-buffer-rope (DBR)sche
demonstrates that 100% utilization of the primary constraint is not optimal. It also shows that DBR responds well to relativel
capacity at the operation's second most heavily utilized resource. This research also highlights several other issues related t
In just-in-time
need inventory management in any manufacturing setting, the general idea has been to release jobs as late as pos
further investigation.
costs) while still having them arrive at bottleneck machines in time to maintain the desired throughput (by not starving a bo
cyclic schedule is employed, the throughput is determined by a cyclic sequence of operations known as the cyclic critical pat
in general, all performed on a single bottleneck machine. We present an algorithm for releasing jobs that treats this cyclic cr
Although this algorithm has the somewhat complex task of not delaying any of these operations on the cyclic critical path, it
able to take advantage of the fixed sequence of the cyclic schedule. The result is that the algorithm is relatively simple to im
simulation-based analysis, this analysis can all be done and the necessary results stored in advance of its use. We test the a
environment with stochastic operation times. This algorithm is shown to be effective at reducing inventory while avoiding de
Many firms seeking production economies and quicker throughput times have adopted cellular manufacturing techniques. Ne
increased product variety and process changes all add elements of uncertainty to the cell, and dynamic management techni
the benefits expected. This paper considers the problem of managing the flow of material into a manufacturing cell in order
for a given level of work-in-process inventory. The manufacturing cell is patterned after an Intel facility that assembles and te
computer industry. The cell is studied under conditions in which a single bottleneck arises and those under which there are m
The purposes
Alternative of this paper
procedures are, first, material
for releasing to introduce
into several
the cell concepts and definitions
are evaluated in order torelated
determineto Theory
which of Constraints
offer design
the greatest advanan
unbalanced lines and, second, to illustrate the concepts of productive and protective capacity and inventory in a constrained
Theory-of-Constraints based scheduling mechanism used to manage throughput at constraint work stations and flow at non-
small simulation model is given to illustrate the importance of protective capacity and protective inventory at non-constraint
several stations with the centre station being the constraint station. The capacity of (and inventory at) non-constraint station
Wafer fabrication
simulation. industries
Line output encounter
increases challenging
as inventory tasks to justify
at non-constraint their performance
stations among
increases. This conflicting
result is contrary measures when teach
to traditional maki
A state-dependent
says that line output dispatch rule issolely
is a function developed
of theto improveofoverall
capacity system
the slowest performance, which consists of cycle time, work in p
station.
date performance. The theory of constraints is adopted as guiding principle to derive the state-dependent dispatch rule. Thre
utilization, machine queue length, and contention factor) and three dispatch rules (two boundary, shortest time to next visit,
visit) are considered to construct the dispatch rule. Response surface methodology is also applied to this study. A near-realw
While
to testmany businesses have
the performance of thetraditionally
new rule. The resisted changes
simulation brought
results showabout by government
that the TOC -based statelegislation and pressure
dependent dispatchfrom
rule the
impp
reluctant
measuresadoption or willing change, have found that a pro-environment stance can enhance a number of goals. Changes br
simultaneously.
environmental considerations have been deeply felt in the area of operations management. This paper looks at implications
resulting from increased environmental interest and change. Specifically, the areas of operations strategy, production and in
OR/MS techniques are addressed. A number of propositions and research questions are presented in order to encourage and
The
into imperative
the areas oftooperations
improve both technical and
management that service qualityby
are impacted while simultaneously
environmental reducing costs is quite clear. The Theory o
management.
emerging philosophy that rests on two assumptions: (1) systems thinking and (2) if a constraint is anything that limits a sys
performance versus its goal, then every system must have at least one (and at most no more than a few) constraints or lim
neither good nor bad in itself. Rather, it just is. In fact, recognition of the existence of constraints represents an excellent opp
because it allows one to focus ones efforts in the most productive areaidentifying and managing the constraints. This is ac
The imperative
focusing steps of toTOC:
improve both technical
(1) identify and service
the system's quality
constraint (2) while
decidesimultaneously
how to exploitreducing costs is quite clear. The
it (3) subordinate/synchronize Theory o
everything
emerging
(4) elevatephilosophy
the system's thatconstraint
rests on twoandassumptions: (1) systems
(5) if the constraint thinking
has shifted andabove
in the (2) if asteps,
constraint
go backis to
anything
step 1. that limits
Do not a sys
allow in
performance
constraint. TOC versus
also its goal,
refers toathen every
series system
of tools mustthinking
termed have at processes
least one (andandatthe
most no more
sequence in than
which a they
few) are
constraints
used. or lim
neither good nor bad in itself. Rather, it just is. In fact, recognition of the existence of constraints represents an excellent opp
because it allows one to focus ones efforts in the most productive areaidentifying and managing the constraints. This is ac
focusing steps of TOC: (1) identify the systems constraint (2) decide how to exploit it (3) subordinate/synchronize everything
(4) elevate the systems constraint and (5) if the constraint has shifted in the above steps, go back to step 1. Do not allow in
constraint. TOC also refers to a series of tools termed thinking processes and the sequence in which they are used.
Some current supply chain models are based on the theory of constraints, and these models have been successfully implem
However, in industries with complex manufacturing processes, there have been significant problems with integrating the ma
supply chain model. There are a couple of reasons for this. The first difficulty involves the ability to predict capacity and the
integrating pull systems with push systems.
The difficulties of integrating advanced function dispatching systems into the larger framework of a supply chain model are d
implement the widely adopted theory of constraints at both the enterprise and factory level
This paper provides a novel method for detecting bottlenecks in manufacturing systems and the shifting of these bottleneck
are constrained by one or more bottlenecks. Improving the bottleneck will improve the whole system. Yet, finding the bottlen
Furthermore, the system may change over time or due to random events, and subsequently the bottleneck may shift from o
machine. The shifting bottleneck detection method determines the bottleneck based on the duration a machine is active wit
is very robust, easy to apply and able to detect the primary and secondary bottlenecks in a wide range of production system
No abstractto predict bottlenecks for both steady state and variable systems. The measurement of the likelihood of a machin
simulation
the decision-making regarding the allocation of the available resources.
No abstract
One of the fundamentals of good health care management that is rarely discussed in the literature is the complete kit conc
operations, medical procedures and processes should not start until all the items required for completion of the job are avail
include medical documents, medical tools, information etc. Starting a medical procedure with an incomplete kit means more
procedure, longer lead time, more work in process, reduction of throughput, poor quality and impairment of due date perfo
the various facets of the complete kit concept in the health care system and suggests how to implement the complete kit co
The paper also incorporates the complete kit concept into the context of well-established managerial philosophies such as TO
One of the fundamentals of good health care management that is rarely discussed in the literature is the 'complete kit' conc
operations, medical procedures and processes should not start until all the items required for completion of the job are avail
include medical documents, medical tools, information etc. Starting a medical procedure with an incomplete kit means more
procedure, longer lead time, more 'work in process', reduction of throughput, poor quality and impairment of due date perfor
the various facets of the complete kit concept in the health cam system and suggests how to implement the complete kit co
Peaks occur
The paper when
also a firm accustomed
incorporates to operating
the complete under
kit concept intomarket constraint
the context conditions occasionally
of well-established managerial encounters
philosophiespeaks in mark
such as TO
exceed the firm's supply capacity. This paper defines the demand peak, classifies peak management (PM) conditions and pre
The Theoryof-Constraints (TOC) is expanded to handle the PM concept, introducing the two-policy concept: one policy for pea
non-peak periods. The paper outlines techniques to elevate the firm's peak performance by loading during the peak period. D
peak and offpeak periods are presented and a comprehensive methodology is suggested to deal with the PM problem, includ
The theory
policy of constraints
and pricing (TOC)
policy. The is a demonstrates
paper management philosophy that maximizes
the methodology profitsin
and techniques inaabroad
manufacturing plant with
range of real-life a demons
managemen
product mix
principles, decision
the presentisanalysis
one application
shows the of TOC that decision
different involves rules
determination
for the twoof periods
the quantity and the
and their identification
substantial impact ofon
each
theprod
firm
original
the paper TOC heuristicthe
discusses is considered
ramificationsto of
produce
operatingunrealizable
under twosolution
distinctwhen a manufacturing
sets of rules, as well asplant has multiple
the rules for makingresource const
the transit
tabu
a peaksearch-based
period. TOC product mix heuristic to identify optimal or near optimal product mix for small problem instances und
original TOC heuristic failed. The tabu search-based TOC product mix heuristic is further used to solve large problem instanc
The Theory of Constraints
manufacturing scenario. The (TOC) was first applied
experimental results to
forproduction scheduling.
small to medium For manyshow
size problem people this
that theapplication is the only
tabu search-based onehe
TOC
past several
with those ofyears
optimalTOC has been
methods. applied
Large sizetoproblems
other areas such as
for which performance
optimal methods measures,
have not supply chains, marketing,
been established in termssales and
of feasib
paper I review
were also solvedhowin TOC has been
reasonable applied
times with to these
good areas.
quality solutions, thus confirming that the proposed approach is appropriate
planners for the product mix problem in the manufacturing industry.
This paper presents a systematic approach to managing the market constraint in the hi-tech industry. The Theory of Constra
argues that in a market-constraint environment, the marketing and sales department as well as the research development d
Bottlenecks and need to be managed as such. The paper modifies the TOC 's five focusing steps to accommodate the marke
describes Strategic and Tactical Gating that enables the firm to increase shareholders' value. The paper emphasizes that eve
seek profitable orders in the competitive market, management can control the situation by the presented focusing methods.
This paper presents an Activity-Based Throughput Management (ABTM) framework that is based on the premise that attainin
through activity analysis must be the main focus of manufacturing businesses. The proposed framework integrates the basic
management philosophies of Activity-Based Management and the Theory of Constraints into a cohesive model. The paper ex
conventions related to building a visual- (i.e. a process map) and spreadsheet-based ABTM model and thereby provides an o
framework for manufacturing managers in the modern manufacturing environment. The usefulness of the framework and its
The similarity of
demonstrated byprocess requirements
developing a numberin ofcellular
productmanufacturing (CM) frequently
and process improvement causes e.g.
scenarios, a load imbalance
focused qualityin improvement,
production plann cy
the bottleneckinvestment
technological phenomenon is not atypical
justification, in a CM product
and optimal environment.
mix. This work proposes a two-stage exhaustive bottleneck-base
procedure (BGSP) to improve cells with load imbalance. To our knowledge, the impact of the bottleneck management on grou
cells is examined here for the first time. The BGSP attempts to fully utilize the bottleneck machine to minimize makespan. A
experimental environment are designed for examining the performance of the BGSP and effects of the experimental factors,
Analysing
number ofthe partperformance of an application performed
families, bottleneck-to-nonbottleneck on ratio,
load a distributed system rules.
and scheduling is discussed in thisrules
Scheduling paper. An analogy
compared betwe
herein con
production process
five two-stage groupisscheduling
portrayed, rules
particularly for an
discussed application
in previous running
studies. TheonBGSP
several computers.
shows the best Consequently,
average makespan theories of man
as well as
processes
in this workare employed to
demonstrate help
the analyse
practical and manage
nature distributed
of bottleneck systems,on
management specifically, the Theory
group scheduling of Constraints
in cellular (TOC). syste
manufacturing Usin
cost/utilization model which was initially developed to evaluate the utilization of a single processor and is extended here to h
is demonstrated how the performance of a distributed system can be examined. The methodology presented here is based o
This
aimed paper analyzes
to allow the occurrence
managers of bottleneck
of information systems to shifting
locateand its relative
constrained topics- (1)
resources, tothe definition
optimize of bottleneck
the distribution ofand
the bottlene
compute
of
andbottleneck shifting, (3)
pinpoint improper the effectand
imbalances of bottleneck
fluctuations shifting
in the on the production
system workload. performances, and (4)
The model develops thea actions
into managementfor averting b
decision
research
applied incontributes
areas suchto asthe improvement
buffer of the constraint
policy, assessment scheduling
of protective andinvestment
capacity, to the emphasis on the shop
in computer floor management
resources, co
and identificatio
Deals with the use of a production system, the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) scheduling, as an alternative to Just-In-Time (JIT) pur
management accounting. Impact of DBR on the work-in-process inventory of a company Description of the JIT purchasing sy
constraints production management method.
This study is an evaluation of the drumbufferrope (DBR) control mechanism compared to the modified infinite loading (MIL
shop environment. Although previous research has shown that the MIL mechanism works well in this environment, this study
mechanism performs significantly better. The performance of the DBR mechanism improves when the shortest processing tim
used.
During this period, the Japanese continued to make remarkable strides in both quality and productivity. The Toyota Productio
revolutionizing manufacturing. Production genius Taiichi Ohno and his patron Eiji Toyoda based TPS on remarkable ideas such
opinion, lean production has not been the norm in Japan. Most Japanese industry entails conventional manufacturing practice
successfully on every inhabited continent and has enjoyed perhaps its greatest success in Toyota's many North American pla
Motor Manufacturing Canada is an international leader in productivity, quality and safety. Manufacturing guru Eliyahu Goldra
Lean manufacturing
constraints (TOC) in a(LM) evokes
series images of efficiency
of entertaining and minimizing
business novels unnecessary
starting with The Goal costs,
(1984).anThere
attractive value synergy
is a strong for manybetwee
compa
are already as lean as they can be. Does LM have practical limits? This paper demonstrates how the Theory of Constraints (T
system.
performance of those organizations currently pursuing lean to the next level.
This paper describes a novel method for detecting the bottleneck in a discrete event system by examining the average dura
active for all machines. The machine with the longest average uninterrupted active period is considered the bottleneck. The
and also capable of analyzing complex and sophisticated systems. The results are highly accurate, distinguishing between b
bottleneck machines with a high level of confidence. This approach is very easy to use and can be implemented into existing
effort, requiring only an analysis of the log file which is readily available by almost all simulation tools. This method satisfies
Enterprise
requirements resource planning
with respect to (ERP) andbut
accuracy thealso
industry (TOC)with
requirements should not be
respect to considered
usability. competing systems. It is arg
highly complementary systems that can generate a powerful synergy. The case of Oregon Freeze Dry is presented to clearly
TOC can be effectively implemented. The primary purpose of ERP is to create a seamless integration of interrelated informat
organization. A system of software programs is used to develop the necessary links between the various business functions
readily available.
There have been many implementations of the theory of constraints. A review of the literature, however, shows that very few
results and the extent of the success of these implementations. This article summarizes research done in Brazil to try to she
specific area of theory of constraints was chosen -- drum-buffer-rope -- and its application for production planning and contro
have implemented drum-buffer-rope are identified and the impact it had was measured. The research shows that drum-buffe
positive effect on the company's profitability
This article provides further discussion of the use of theory of constraints and linear programming to analyze the product mix
theory of constraints product mix rule in a wider theory of constraints setting is discussed, and the argument is made that al
heuristic, it should be appreciated and used in context. Theory of constraints is a powerful methodology, one small part of w
heuristic or algorithm. The benefits of using theory of constraints and linear programming together are outlined, arguing tha
such use.
No Abstract
Peaks occur when a firm accustomed to operating under market constraint conditions occasionally encounters peaks in mark
exceed the firm's supply capacity. This paper defines the demand peak, classifies peak management (PM) conditions and pre
The Theoryof-Constraints (TOC) is expanded to handle the PM concept, introducing the two-policy concept: one policy for pea
non-peak periods. The paper outlines techniques to elevate the firm's peak performance by loading during the peak period. D
peak and offpeak periods are presented and a comprehensive methodology is suggested to deal with the PM problem, includ
One ofand
policy the pricing
fundamentals of good
policy. The health
paper care management
demonstrates that is rarely
the methodology discussed in
and techniques inthe literature
a broad rangeis of
the complete
real-life kit conc
managemen
operations, medical
principles, the present procedures and processes
analysis shows should
the different not start
decision until
rules forall
thethe items
two required
periods for completion
and their substantialofimpact
the jobonare
theavail
firm
include
the papermedical documents,
discusses medical tools,
the ramifications information
of operating under etc.
twoStarting
distinctasets
medical procedure
of rules, as wellwith an rules
as the incomplete kit means
for making more
the transit
procedure, longer lead time, more work in process, reduction of throughput, poor quality and impairment of due date perfo
a peak period.
the various facets of the complete kit concept in the health care system and suggests how to implement the complete kit co
This simulation
The paper study compares
also incorporates the three operational
complete measures
kit concept into theofcontext
performance through the exploration
of wellestablished managerialofphilosophies
three work-in-process
such as TO
systems and their associated inventory buffer characteristics, The three drive systems under study are a push, a pull and a h
While these systems have many aspects in common, their buffer management systems do not. The data analysis was based
from three computer-simulated now shop assembly lines all operating in the same environment. Hypotheses concerning the
measurements were established, independent variables were controlled and manipulated and a conclusion was drawn as to
Advocates
the operationcontend
optimum thatresults.
when aWhile
company faced has
inventory withtraditionally
excess capacitybeenuses the theory
considered andof is constraints (TOC),
currently being coupled
shown as anwith a ma
asset fr
making product
view, it is obvious pricing decisions,
from the findingspricing
of thisflexibility is increased
study, that excess WIP and product diversity
inventory, above theis minimal
encouraged. Critics warn
requirements for that althou
production
making short-term measurements
on the operational product pricing evaluated.
decisions, companies must beware that it does not consider the long-term strategic effect
Additional considerations for any business opting to use the TOC is the long-term impact such product-pricing decisions will h
customer loyalty, increased operating expenses, and competitors' strategies.
In the last two decades, production and manufacturing management has rapidly adopted a range of new concepts: manufac
factory, just-in-time manufacturing, concurrent engineering, total quality management, supply chain management, flexible m
production, mass customization, and more. The increasing globalization of manufacturing ensures that the field will continue
of Production and Manufacturing Management will be useful to a technically diverse audience of managers, engineers and pr
with manufacturing techniques, methods, and manufacturing decisions. With 100 in-depth articles, and more than 1, 000 sh
flow of revisions and new material, the Encyclopedia will help experts, educators and students keep up with the leading edge
Goldratt, author of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), uses the idea of drums, buffers, and ropes to implement TOC in the typic
constraint resource (or bottleneck) is somewhere other than the beginning of the production operation. A drum sets the tem
plant, and is particularly useful for downstream operations after the bottleneck in anticipating output from the bottleneck. Bu
the constraint assure that the bottlenecked operation works at its maximum output and is not idle waiting for another upstre
before the bottleneck). Ropes restrain the upstream operations from overloading the bottleneck with too much work-in-proce
The following manufacturing questions of interest to woodworkers are discussed: 1. How do you handle parts that may be en
as subassemblies for other end items? 2. How do you determine if you have a constraint on a part that is both a subassembl
you install a "flow" process in a one-man operation?
Introduction Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) is the Theory of Constraints (TOC) production planning methodology originated by Eliya
In fact, the concepts of DBR actually preceded the Five- Focusing - Steps and the notion of the "throughput world" in the dev
paradigm. While the DBR method is much simpler than the older Optimized Production Technology (OPT) algorithm and the r
Scheduling (APS) systems, for many production environments, especially those not currently or consistently dominated b
bottleneck, an even simpler method can be adopted. We call this method S-DBR, to distinguish it from the traditional model,
traditional DBR. S-DBR is based on the same concepts as traditional DBR and is certainly in harmony with TOC and the Five F
distinguishes it from traditional DBR is its assumption of market demand as the major system constraint , even when an inte
temporarily emerges. S-DBR can be easily supported by traditional ERP/MRP systems and it is specifically intended to deal w
demand. In this paper we'll briefly review the basics of traditional DBR, then introduce evolutionary S-DBR model. Then we'll
differences between the two approaches, and we'll point out the circumstances under which the traditional DBR model would
How the theory of constraint's drum-buffer-rope (DBR) logistical system and buffer management concepts can be applied to
presentation at the Constraints Management Special Interest Group (CM - SIG) technical conference, we'll demonstrate the e
significantly improve overall line productivity is explained. The resource constraint is the key to achieving maximum line outp
the Management Interactive Case Study Simulator (MICSS), a software package designed to simulate an integrated whole b
may create a loss of line output through 3 distinct mechanisms: breakage, starvation, and blockage. Simulation was used to
readers unable to attend the conference, the same business scenario, along with a demonstration version of the MICSS softw
different buffering strategies on a unbalanced production line that is subject to both unplanned disruptions and line changeo
compact disk that will accompany our forthcoming book on the same subject, due for publication in September 2000
provide significant protection for the constraint from the planned disruptions of the set-up process. The DBR strategy strips p
To improve the
breakdowns management
from andresources
non-constraint the overall benefits
and of enterprises,
concentrates a new
all of the optimal
protection atmethod of business
the constraint - the management-the bot
resource that ultimat
introduced,
performance. which includes the definition and the feature analysis of enterprise bottleneck (BN) systematic classification of e
BN identification method: checking table method, experts diagnosis method, problem discovering method and contrastive m
formation of enterprise BN the evaluation method and elimination rules of enterprise BN, and related work procedures. Finall
application case, the results of which show that the new method is of great value in application and dissemination.
Bottleneck allocation methodology (BAM) attempts to blend the best features of other popular production planning philosoph
offer a better-integrated schedule with more flexible production planning results. This paper does a literature search of previ
demonstrates how BAM is an integration of these philosophies. This paper also demonstrates the operation of the BAM proce
Although having gained further insight into scheduling problems involving cellular manufacturing systems, previous research
characteristics that are essential for effective group scheduling: first, due-date performance focus second, setup time saving
and non-constrained machines. To overcome these two characteristics, we present a due-date oriented scheduling heuristic
manufacturing system based on Capacity Constraint Resource (CCR). The proposed algorithm consists of four stages: (1) sch
(DRUM), (2) CCR setup time savings to decrease mean tardiness, (3) CCR setup time savings to maximize CCR throughput, a
This
hybridresearch
schedulinginvestigated
method toin minimize
depth thetotal
e!ectflowtime
of the level
and and
the the location of protective
work-in-process capacity
(WIP) inventory. relative
Also, to the location
an illustrative of thd
example
simulation
the proposed experiment.
method. A production line with four stages is simulated. Location of the constraint, level of protective capacity
and system down time are included as experimental factors. ANOVA is used for the analysis of the results, followed by Tukey
show that protective capacity has a significant e!ect on shop performance, however with diminishing returns. The location o
plays a significant role in shop performance. The results also indicate that the extent of benefits derived from protective cap
Decomposition
depends on theprocedures for job shop
level of variability scheduling
and system problems,
downtime. 2000
such as the Science
Elsevier shifting bottleneck (SB)reserved.
B.V. All rights procedure, have shown pro
shop environments. However, they have primarily been tested using problems where all machines are identical in terms of p
Many practical scheduling problems involve bottleneck machines which become the focus of scheduling efforts, as suggeste
In this paper we examine the performance of several variants of SB, some of which can be interpreted as naive implementat
scheduling. Our results show that both the solution time and quality of SB methods improve markedly when bottleneck work
Whether
However,job due dates
scheduling are set internally
bottleneck machines oroptimally
externally, it is
and critical
using for the
simple shop
rules floor controller
at other machines to be able
leads to accurately
to poor performance predic
un
research
bottleneckshassignificantly
shown that exceeds
utilizing information on the congestion
that of the non-bottleneck levels along a job's route is more valuable than overall shop
machines.
predicting job lead times. While this information is easily attained in a simulation model, in industrial applications the task m
difficult, especially when lot splitting is used to accelerate material flow. We examine the effectiveness of three lead time est
utilize different shop information in bottleneck-constrained production systems where lot splitting is practiced under a variet
Sounds fair indicate
The results enough?that
[John Layden]lead
accurate has time
a different view.can
estimates Hebe insists that getting
obtained a manufacturing
using information site'ssolely
pertaining own APS right
to the is the fir
bottleneck
the whole supply
bottleneck is at anchain
entryfunctioning.
work centre. Beyond that, operations
This offers he says, you can't hope
managers directly to ease
a substantial effectincontrol you have instead
implementation to think
over previously
which
resultsyou
alsoneed
showinformation like ATP and
that the operations manufacturing
managers interestedcommitment,
in accurately fast.
estimating job lead times are well advised to take ad
capacity at non-bottleneck work centres by performing additional setups, and take measures that reduce bottleneck shiftines
Although many people in production and inventory management have already discussed push/pull systems for many yea
scheduling' has not been thoroughly examined. The term is not yet widely recognised. However, it will be one of the key con
Chain Management) system in this decade. Since the pull system should not rely on any plan scheduled in advance, the wor
apparently has a contradiction within its conventional definition. First of all, this paper clarifies under what conditions the ter
becomes meaningful. Secondly this paper proposes a conceptual algorithm for a pull scheduling system. For both make-to-
The dominant
production, feature
a pull typeofofascheduling
V-plant operation
system iscanthebeexistence
adopted of
in divergent
designing points
a new throughout the manufacturing
production management process.
system. The n
Currently
flow
pure diagram, which resembles
pull scheduling system . Thusthe a
letter V. In athis
creating pulltype of operation,
scheduling systemthe number
must of finished
include goods is Moreover,
other functions. large compared with th
an abridged
component
systems such parts. Through
as TOC , PFS an
andunderstanding
Production Seat of the characteristics
Booking system willofmake
a V plant and to
it easier theunderstand
use of an effective control
this papers mechanism
proposed algo
the performance
procedure can beof the operation.
summarised This article
as follows: The describes
system is the performance
started results
by backward obtainedbased
scheduling by implementing the drum-buffer-r
on the customers due dates
production capacity to the workload as much as possible finally execute a forward scheduling for issuing today s dispatching
The forward scheduling is also useful for checking the current loading status. Both backward and forward scheduling is execu
factory process. Since the system should be dynamic, reschedule the plan at least daily . Progress in computer and informat
these advanced systems .
To compete successfully in high-tech industries manufacturers must continuously improve their operational performance. For
substantial levels of production improvement may require changing the way production is managed and controlled. This artic
manufacturer's experience in obtaining substantial improvements in its production performance.
The main objective of any manufacturing system is to organize the resources in a shop floor for effective transformation of ra
products. Synchronous manufacturing (SM) is a manufacturing management philosophy that has a set of principles, procedu
every action is evaluated in terms of a common global goal of the organization (Seetharama et al., 1997, Production Planning
manafacturing system that adopts the above principle is called as synchronous manufacturing system (SMS). In order for a m
achieve the benefits of a synchronous operation, a logistical control system that is manageable and results in predictable pe
There are numerous
drum-buffer-rope tools
(DBR) availablewhich
approach, to be is
used for production
a generalized planning
system, andthe
satisfies control
abovepurposes. The number
requirements through ofcomputer
tools is ever inc
simula
of
thesophistication
effect of DBRas well as complexity.
principles For the specific
on the performance manufacturing
of a synchronous firm, the task
manufacturing of selecting
system. A case the most
study hasappropriate
been takensetup of
in
in recenthas
analysis years, thecarried
been understanding ofeffect
out on the the relationship
of the DBRbetween
approachtools andperformance
on the manufacturing environments
of the system. Thisforwork
which they
has beenareperfo
sui
purpose
compatibleof this paper
system is tothe
using provide an overview
promodel softwareofandproduction planning and control tools available today, as well as new trend
C language.
citation only
This paper presents an analysis of the outsourcing problem. Pertinent variables are identified and the relationships between
formulate the outsourcing problem as a Linear-Programming (LP) problem and identify an analytical solution. We proceed wit
three decision models: standard cost accounting, standard Theory-Of-Constraints (TOC) and our own solution. The model ena
which products to manufacture and which to outsource. The solution of the LP formulation enables managers to apply the m
operational ratio, without having to solve a linear programming problem. The final model is simpler to apply and requires the
This paperthan
variables gives an overview
other prevalentofmodels.
advanced scheduling and dispatching policies for WIP (work in process) management within
process. Additionally, the pros and cons of general WIP control philosophies are opposed. Several control policies are evaluat
complex make-to-order environment such as ASIC production. Based on the real shop floor environment of Philips SMST and
policies a proposal is presented answering the following two questions: what are the requirements of tomorrow's WIP control
order wafer fabrication and how can these control policies be implemented and introduced on the shop floor using existing W
Many successful TOC implementations have been done in "typical" manufacturing operations. Some implementations have a
systems?
sector. One implementation area that has been largely ignored is the field of health care. This presentation details effort at a
for-profit medical practice. The UnDesirable Effects (UDEs) of the current mode of operation are identified. The system const
the detailed analysis of the practice are highlighted, and the proposed implementation plan is summarized. This case study p
opportunity for the attendee to learn how the concepts of the Theory of Constraints can be applied outside of the strict produ
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"
In recent years, many companies have begun using WIP-limiting strategies such as CONWIP, Kanban or drum-buffer-rope to c
production systems. This paper analyzes assembly systems with a tree structure, random processing times and a constant W
present heuristic version of the exact aggregation-disaggregation theory for finite Markov chains to evaluate the performanc
controlled assembly systems. Because the approximation is theory based, it provides a framework for further model develop
extensions described in the paper. The approximation has the novel feature of doing simultaneous multiple partitions of the
Abstract
that available inaggregate
the associated "The World of the Theory
transition of Constraints"
rates are mutually consistent. The methodology is a novel approach towards extend
and-join queueing networks, and it provides several useful operational and analytical insights. Numerical comparisons with s
proposed approximation computes accurate estimates of the plant throughput. It provides a fast way to assess the performa
changes in the total WIP level (or the number of Kanbans), or in the part routes, on the throughput rate of the assembly syst
develop a new methodology for rapid performance analysis of assembly systems with a tree structure, random processing ti
The drum-buffer-rope
process Kanban control logistics
system.system can evaluations
Extensive help facilities operate
show that with a minimum ofcomputes
this methodology inventoryaccurate
and expenses. By applying
estimates aD
of the plan
and time for
fast way buffers appropriately,
managers to assessyouthemay be able toand
performance boost your manufacturing
economic plant's
impact of changes inefficiency. The level
the total WIP first step is to
(or the decideofwh
number K
is a V-, A-,
routes, on ortheT-plant.
overallThis classification
throughput rate ofprovides a useful
the assembly structure
system. for classifying
In recent and analyzing
years, many companiesmanufacturing
have begun using operations, p
WIP-limit
valuable
CONWIP, perspectives about how to manage
Kanban or drum-buffer-rope their
to control process
parts flowseffectively.
in complex production systems. This paper analyzes assembly sy
random processing times and a constant WIP control system. We present heuristic version of the exact aggregation-disaggre
The theory
Markov chainsof constraints
to evaluateisthe
alive and well inof
performance manufacturing environments around
these closed Kanban-controlled the globe.
assembly But manufacturing
systems. is not the on
Because the approximatio
TOC can playfor
a framework a productive role.development,
further model One TOC tool withthe drum-buffer-rope
some possible extensionsapproachdescribed
can have ina positive impact
the paper. on administrative
The approximation has fu
t
present a short case study that illustrates the benefits of implementing drum-buffer-rope in the sales department
simultaneous multiple partitions of the state space, in such a way that the associated aggregate transition rates are mutuall of a manuf
methodology is a novel approach towards extending aggregation ideas to fork-and-join queueing networks, and it provides s
analytical insights. Numerical comparisons with simulation show that the proposed approximation computes accurate estima
It provides a fast way to assess the performance and economic impact of changes in the total WIP level (or the number of Ka
on the throughput rate of the assembly system.
This simulation study explores and compares the potential benefits of three work-in-process (WIP) inventory drive systems a
buffer characteristics. The three inventory drives are a push, a pull and a hybrid push/pull system. While these systems have
their buffer management systems vary. The statistical analysis associated with the study was based on data gathered from t
flow-shop assembly line environments. Hypotheses concerning the financial performance measurements were established. T
were controlled and manipulated for each of the models. From the statistical analysis, a conclusion was drawn as to which sy
This paperoptimum
operation describesresults.
an investigation into the
While inventory trade-off
has between
traditionally beencapacity, inventory
considered and is and variance
currently beingreduction
shown astechniques for b
an asset from
and model mix
it is obvious fromfluctuations in of
the findings a manufacturing
this study, thatcell. TheWIP
excess cell inventory,
is patterned afterthe
above oneminimal
that produces engine for
requirements blocks which feed
production, will dh
at a plantmeasurements
financial manufacturingevaluated
large diesel engines.
in this study.Asimulation model is used to evaluate the effect of different buffering techniq
throughput time and output rate. Two production control systems are used in the cell, one based on a pull approach, the othe
results show that variance reduction and capacity increases are serious alternatives to using inventory for buffering in either
Detailed simulation models of large wafer fabrication facilities can require substantial amounts of computer execution time.
have frequently embraced the notion that, if detail must be sacrificed, it is wise to reduce detail for the low-utilization workst
prescription for how to reduce the detail and empirical evidence of the validity of the approximation has been lacking. In this
estimates of total cycle time and equipment utilization may be obtained using reduced fabrication simulation models that re
utilization workstations with fixed time lags. We demonstrate the accuracy of the approximation on industrial data. The crite
The GOAL SYSTEM
workstations from theimplements
model is the a drum-buffer-rope
standard deviation (DBR)
of lotapproach to production
waiting time. scheduling.
The computer Earlier
execution timeversions
for suchofreduced
the softwa
mo
building
than thatafor
schedule
completefor models
one constrained resource at a time. If multiple resources constrained the overall system's capability,
of the fabrication.
resources had to be created sequentially. However, the current version contains an ability to simultaneously create multiple
solutions was generated for benchmark problems developed in previous research. The new results were compared to solutio
sequential algorithm, as well as solutions which optimally minimize maximum tardiness. The simultaneous algorithm was fou
The theorytardiness,
maximum of constraints is a powerful
but performed short-run
worse maximization
with respect to averagetool. However,percentage
flow-time, the theory of
of tardy
constraints focuses
jobs and on maximiza
total days late.
technology,
1999. product-mix, and other parameters as given. Ignoring technological, product, and market parameters can be a p
disaster. The theory of constraints need not, however, be interpreted in this narrow manner. It should be viewed as a broad m
encompassing short-run and long-run strategic decisions. It is demonstrated how product-mix and capacity modification dec
into the framework of the theory of constraints.
Citation only
Management concepts used in short-term, dynamic scheduling systems and how they are tied to the production floor are dis
follow such traditional manufacturing philosophies as drum-buffer-rope, or versions of it, extending the theory to address sol
and for attaining greater optimization. Scheduling systems at PPG Industries and Island Paper are discussed.
The Boeing Company is under performance pressures due to internal process performance and external cost pressures. The
manufacturing fundamentals to meet market demands on schedule and cost. Boeing has utilized Lean Manufacturing as the
manufacturing. This thesis describes an implementation of Theory of Constraints in a job shop environment in a Boeing com
Lean Manufacturing and Theory of Constraints are described and compared as methodologies for improving manufacturing s
demonstrates that the two methodologies can be integrated in one manufacturing system. The TOC five-step continuous imp
No abstract
utilized in the implementation as a framework for analysis. A process for identifying bottleneck operations in a job shop is de
identify the process flows, determine constraints within the process flows and release material into the flowpath at the const
probable that the actual constraint in the system will not be identifiable through data analysis, and methods for determining
through constraint engineering are described. An implementation of the drum-buffer-rope material control process is describ
the implementation, a data management system was developed. The system utilizes the concept of critical ratio scheduling
A process
protect improvement
bottlenecks fromproject for the
starvation andaluminum canto
process flow line at Valley
provide theMetal Container,
necessary the largest
information manufacturer
for operating of aluminum c
in a drum-buffer-rop
The primary focusmaterial
drum-buffer-rope of the project
controlispolicy
the 16-ounce
providesaluminum
a method can production the
for controlling facility, currently
WIP and cycle producing approximately
time in a factory within a200
MRPmfr
purpose
encounteredof the
in project is to decreaseare
the implementation scrap and line
detailed. downtime
These resulting
are related from starvation
to information andorganizational
systems, blocking of thehistory,
line's bottleneck
metrics, o
several
incumbentlinepolicies.
balancing techniques.
These Thechallenges
all provide efforts resulted in projected annual
to implementation a TOC savings
system andof more
needthan $500,
to be 000 due
managed to increased
properly for a su
reduction.
thesis provides several suggestions to overcoming these issues.
Finite capacity promising is a technique for calculating available-to-promise capacities over the schedule horizon. FCP compl
traditional available-to-promise techniques, helps firms established valid order due dates.
In a mixed push and pull system, the location of the slowest link does not generally coincide with where the greatest conges
the ever-lengthening line of hikers thus assumes away the most difficult problem of correctly identifying the slowest link in a
slowest hiker in front, Goldratt's solution seems to imply that the exact location of the most restrictive bottleneck is critical t
rate. In fact, the location of the slowest link does not affect the throughput rate of a batch process. This paper uses a system
some of the conceptual confusion that has been created by Goldratt's counterintuitive conclusions.
TOC s concept of ongoing improvement by focusing on and managing constraints may not be as inspiring as the Lean goal o
However, the complexity of modern organizations and systems leaves managers with an almost unlimited number of things
the task is sufficient to paralyze even the most conscientious manger. Meanwhile, in reality, only a handful of those hundred
will make a real difference in achieving an organizations goal. TOC s constraint-focused approach is both logical and pragm
addressing the constraints provides the fastest and lowest cost means for increasing the throughput of any organization. Me
citation only
different approach to improvementthat of trimming the organizational fat by removing waste at every turn. To the degree t
morbidly obese (imagine the most absurdly bureaucratic system that you can think of) the idea of ripping the waste out of th
but also, has great appeal. However, in most organizations, waste reduction takes concerted effort over a long period of time
Removing variability is neither a trivial task nor is it quickly accomplished in most settings. The tools invoked during lean imp
However, they are far more useful when they are focused on the organizations limiting factors.
The paper looks at identifying constraints in production areas and using MRPII/ERP applications to their full potential.
This paper looks at how drum-buffer-rope scheduling methodology can result in issues with organizational processes, policies
case study of one company's implementation of DBR software and ERP systems is analysed.
Predictable output performance that maximizes asset utilization is the cornerstone of successful volume manufacturing. The
(Goldratt, 1985) uses the principles of covariance and dependent events to describe how equipment or operations that domi
should be managed. In practice, the `true constraint' is elusive and is seldom the designed constraint. This paper introduces
equipment performance management methodology called A80 which focuses on equipment or operation performance variab
improve the `true constraint' performance. The A80 methodology, initially developed at Intel's Fab 10 facility and subsequen
The
mm theory of constraints
facilities, (TOC) is becoming
rejects the traditional a new paradigm
use of average availabilityinas
the semiconductor
a primary indicatorindustry. Most practical
of equipment uses of
performance TOC
and are fo
capacit
visit to theof
indication fabrication process
stability, and thussuch as typical
invariably fails job shop linear
to prompt lines. Applying
the correct responseTOC to constraints
to performance with multiple steps
inconsistencies. has been
This paper de
handle a semiconductor
and methods developed shop-floor.
in Fab 10 andThisuses
restriction
data and to case
constraints with only to
study materials one visithow
show limits TOC
the potential inissemiconductor
methodology en
successfully app
present a methodology developed to allow for the use of the TOC philosophy in fab lines with more than one product flow an
bottleneck in each product flow. This method consists of dividing each process sequence in segments, where each segment
Abstract available
bottleneck and hasinonly
"The World
that of the
single visitTheory
to the of Constraints"
bottleneck. Once the capacity of the bottleneck is split between the visits, eac
independent line. The method is suitable to be used in a production environment on a shift to shift basis and allows throughp
bottlenecks
No abstract
Available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Citation only
The paper by CEPIM, Jonah's Jonah Raymond Hansen, PhD looks at reasons for failure in TOC implementation such as: lack o
giving up old behaviour not questioning invalid assumptions unsuccessful teams or leadership not giving it time and/or using
also provides a four faceted implementation process to overcome roadblocks: analysis solutions empowerment and coaching
One of the fundamentals of good operations management practices is the "complete kit" concept, which suggests that work
items required for completion of a job are available. These items (the kit) include components, tools, drawings and informati
incomplete kit means more labor time to finish the job, longer lead time, more work in process, reduction of throughput, poo
due date performance. This paper analyses the various facets of the complete kit approach by an analytical model that show
this concept. The tendency of practitioners to work with incomplete kits is explained using the prisoner's dilemma. 1998 P
Abstract
Ltd. available
All rights in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"
reserved.
We examine how to reduce the adverse effects of machine down time by prioritizing production equipment for attention by a
maintenance personnel. The maintenance scheduling policies use system information to determine which machines are the
This information includes repair times, queue lengths, due dates, available capacity, and steady-state utilizations. The effect
are also considered. A discrete-event simulation model of a wafer fabrication facility is used to examine the performance of t
indicate that the choice of maintenance scheduling policy can significantly affect system performance under restrictive staffi
Abstract available
performance in "The
is shown World
to be of thetoTheory
sensitive of Constraints"
small changes in staffing level.
The Drum-Buffer-Rope methodology from the "Theory of Constraints" is adapted to a research manufacturing environment w
authors begin with an overview of semiconductor manufacturing practices and the production control/lot start algorithms cu
industry. A brief introduction to semiconductor wafer manufacturing and Motorola's Advanced Products Research and Develo
environment is also included. The Drum-Buffer-Rope methodology is described first for a manufacturing line which does not h
Drum-Buffer-Rope methodology is then adapted to account for re-entrant flows by calculating the workload on the bottleneck
allocating WIP accordingly. This approach allows APRDL to quickly accept or reject jobs based on their effect on the bottlenec
increase throughput by 150% and reduce cycle time by 20% at Motorola's Advanced Products Research and Development La
This dynamic production control system enables better production scenarios. Ancillary benefits to internal and external custo
are explored.
Since society holds school systems accountable for providing skills that prepare students for life, educators must deal with th
mandate. In the thinking processes known as the theory of constraints, a problem is not clearly defined until it is presented a
necessary conditions. In order to serve their stakeholders, educators need to be accountable for results and must teach only
measured. They also need to prepare students for the workplace and effective citizenship. In order to meet this objective the
than academic ones.
citation only
This paper presents a flexible production activity control (PAC) technique for a wafer fabrication factory. To resolve PAC proble
wafer fabrication processes, the proposed pull-based production control system (PPCS) integrates concepts of the convention
push system, and drum-buffer-rope (DBR) scheduling technique. A Kanban number calculating algorithm is also derived in w
calculated functions as an initial solution of the simulation run to obtain the optimal solution. Simulation results demonstrate
performance than the conventional pull system and push system. Significance: Wafer fabrication is the most important but c
citation only
semiconductor manufacturing industry. The PPCS proposed herein simultaneously increases key machine utilization and decr
of a wafer fabrication factory, thereby fulfilling the PAC task.
A perfectly synchronised manufacturing system is the process where components arrive at the work centres in time for their
in-process stocks do not build up causing delays to orders, inventory costs are minimised and customer service is improved
creating a possible competitive edge. This article focuses on manufacturing synchronisation as a way to guide companies in
proposing a simple approach to explain this concept and helping them in the selection of the most appropriate synchronisati
interactive simulation models. The aim of these models is to represent visually and interactively three different synchronisat
just in time and drum-buffer-rope, in order to compare and stress the main differences between them. This approach has bee
and practical purposes
This paper describes a new approach in calculating the optimal size of the time buffer which is used to accommodate disrup
and provide maximum productivity of capacity constrained resources (CCR). The problem is formulated in terms of single-ser
approach is based on identifying the optimal number of units waiting in the line (the optimal size of the time buffer) that will
operational profits while protecting CCRs from becoming idle. Sensitivity analysis of the derived results can help to schedule
Dynamic buffering allows a time buffer to extend in length (and release materials early) when nonconstraint resources feedin
loaded in the short term. This study sought to isolate the effects of Goldratt's dynamic buffering on inventory levels and deli
simulation, we evaluated the effects of dynamic buffering on a two-product manufacturing cell. We found that dynamic buffe
efficiently than does a buffer of fixed length. Since the reduction in WIP more than offset any increase in finished-goods inven
reduced while maintaining or improving on-time delivery.
In today's competitive environment, reducing Work in Process (WIP) to improve cycle time, delivery and product quality has b
maintaining profitability. However, due to conservative attitudes and conceptual mistakes, WIP has spread along the entire p
intended to maximize the utilization of resources, WIP can be caused to become over-sized. This maximum utilization of reso
proved incorrect by the Theory of Constraint and WIP should be queued only in front of constraint machine, thereby ensuring
starvation. Although this concept has been proved correct and despite many reported examples of successful implementatio
There is an
practice, theincreasing
WIP level recognition of the critical
is still determined by the role
trial played by approach.
and error an organization's performance
Therefore, measurement
a WIP computation model system in achiev
is deemed nec
success
constraintof time
an organization may well depend
buffer determination model isupon the compatibility
proposed. between
The model first the performance
proposes measurement
a machine-view's system
bill of routing in opera
representin
organizational levels and
fundamental structure forthe organization's
formulating global goals.
and computing theAn increasing
maximum amount
time buffer.ofThe
research in operations
machine-view's management
bill of routing is a addre
tree s
between
machine is the operation's
the root nodeperformance
and its feeder measurement
machines aresystem and its(or
entry nodes apparent incompatibility
subtrees) with With
of the root node. global organizational
this tree structure, goals
the
measurement
the constraint system
machineassociated with machines
and its feeder the theorycanof constraints (TOC)and
then be studied hasformulated.
been advocated by some researchers
By incorporating the MTTR as a mechan
of each feed
objectives
relationshiptocan
thethen
global
begoals of an organization.
formulated and the timeHowever, empiricalFurthermore,
buffer computed. research is lacking to determine
to validate and test
the proposed the relevance
constraint time bu
measurement system and
example is illustrated presented in TOCmodel
a simulation . This is
study
alsoexamines
developed.the application of a TOC -based performance measurement sy
environment and reports on the results. A set of propositions are also provided to further future research.
Having made considerable progress in quality improvement (QI) programs Japan has now moved into other phases of compe
changes and lower prices. The USA, however, is faltering with QI programs. Several studies reveal that only about 20% of th
in the USA achieve significant results in terms of quality, or financial improvements. One reason proposed for this disappoint
are not implemented correctly. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the use of the Theory of Constraints can ass
implementing Q1 programs that yield results.
A computer information system approach is presented to serve as a support for a hybrid production system in a manufacturi
mapping showing the interchange of information between the areas of the value chain will be developed. This approach aim
select or develop an information system which effectively supports the shop floor activities with those in the value chain
citation only
This paper describes a case study relating to a food-processing plant. The methods used to address the case include spreads
Goldratt's Theory of Constraints (TOC), both of which are accessible to practising managers. The paper demonstrates how st
optimisation tools can be used in combination with a TOC framework to provide effective decision aids. The results from the
productivity improvements are possible from even small models of a situation. The paper explores the interrelationships and
Linear Programming and Theory of Constraints frameworks, and details the steps involved in using them in combination. We
Abstract available
practice should be in "The World
modified of the
in light Theory
of the easeofwith
Constraints"
which LPs can be solved, and suggest that the Theory of Constraints app
framework to guide LP use. We share some of the insights gained both by the analysts and by the company.
Synchronous Manufacturing (SM) is an important area of Management by Constraint (MBC). With the DBR method of MBC , t
Master Proudction Schedule (MPS) of SM under single bottleneck, introducing the fundamental idea of studying the MPS of SM
algorithm of minimum transfer batch and of the designing MPS under single CCR

No abstract
The SLAM based simulation software AWESIM has been used to develop two models of four-machine jobshop operations. In t
released to the shopfloor using standard jobshop practices. The release mechanism follows a distribution and the overall sho
jobs are released they are dispatched through each work center using the shortest processing time (SPT) rule. In the second
the shopfloor using DBR scheduling mechanism. A drum is established at the bottleneck (a resource with largest amount of l
released to the shopfloor using a pull mechanism (rope). Sufficient buffers are placed in the system to protect against potent
A significant
indicate that challenge
under low in implementing
protective the (PC),
capacity Theory of Constraints
standard jobshopin the semiconductor
practices industrybetter
generally perform is thethan
complex and reentran
DBR scheduling s
process.
sufficient,Managing a constraint
DBR mechanism or bottleneck
out perform in such
standard processes
jobshop is resultingly
practices. More data complex and
are being is an ongoing
collected topic
to make of research.
detailed Th
conclusio
straightforward method to avoid starvation of possibly recurring bottleneck equipment. This method is not proximity sensitiv
act on material only if it is within a specified proximity of the constraint. This method is capable of reacting to changes in pro
correct line imbalances since it is based on real time data from the floor control system. The assertion is also made that for t
has several occurrences in the product flow, all occurrences of the bottleneck must avoid starvation, not just the overall equ
the ability of the primary constraint to feed itself
Over the past two decades continuous flow manufacturing (CFM) has been the principle operational tool to help manage and
manufacturing assets. As the name connotes, the key focus of CFM is to measure and manage the throughput of tools/toolse
manufacturing line. To this end, there have been a variety of systems proposed to help manage throughput (e.g., PUSH, PUL
their attendant control methodologies (e.g., MRP, Kanban, drum-buffer-rope, etc.). This paper explores how the X-factor (norm
than throughput is used as the prime line control and line analysis parameter hence, the name short cycle time manufacturi
The two authorslines
manufacturing are have
finalising
boththe first comprehensive
throughput and X-factorbibliography
commitments, on the
it is Theory
essentialof to
Constraints
understand (TOC)[23] which is to
the fundamental be pub
relations
the publishers
capacity of several
and X-factor. Thisworks
paper onalso
TOC, most notablythat
demonstrates Eli Goldratts
X-factor is seminal
a much moreworkssensitive
[11-17], such as The
indicator Goal, Itsproblems
of capacity Not Luck,thaa
our extensive
factor search
increases of the
rapidly literature,
as the throughput this approaches
talk will draw oneffective
the examples of applications
capacity. of TOC, in
This sensitivity and summarise
X-factor can beimportant
used as afindin
pow
practice
uncover of TOC. Although
unanticipated initially
capacity a manufacturing
issues. method,
Short cycle time TOC has now
manufacturing developed
(SCM) allows into
eachatool/toolset
theory about to management: a pow
be analyzed depend
structuring and problem
factor and capacity versussolving
targetmethodology
to determinewhich
whichcan be used to need
tools/toolsets develop solutions with
improvement, both
since theintuitive power and
overall X-factor analytica
of the line i
A
thecommon
being explanation
applied
component totoolset for wandering
situations outside
X-factors. Inthe bottlenecks
manufacturing
addition, is that
this paper changes
context,
analyzes in product
including
the mix cause
distribution,
impact of mix and different
marketing,
volume with workstations
project to become
management,
a cycle time theo
accou
constraint
illustrative
involving
are affected case
change study the
to a or
by batch paper
system.
train demonstrates
size. that the significant
Thus, SCM provides wanderingadvantages
bottleneck phenomenon is primarily
over CFM in helping causedand
to manage by manageria
improve m
imposed performance objectives.
utilization.
American Security & Alarm Co. , Lubbock, Texas, has been in operation since 1978. Sales of burglar alarms are made through
property, consultation with the prospect on his or her needs and goals and, finally, a recommendation accompanied by a bid
estimate of how long from the date of acceptance the alarm will be installed and completed. Once the sale is completed, imm
insure prompt delivery of a high-quality product. Both the installation and the synchronous manufacturing process are prese
The paper presents some experience and recommendations for effective simulation application gained from many projects o
and logistic systems. The improvement possibilities in a flexible manufacturing system are demonstrated. Seven improveme
using simulation and a Taguchi plan of experiments. Finally, the influence of various control strategies (MRP, Load Oriented C
Kanban) on the manufacturing system parameters is presented.
Book review
book review
Changes in organizational life force senior managers to rethink constantly their solutions to managerial problems and to exa
accumulate knowledge. This study explores the integration of policy and practice as a response to change whereby the polic
mind-shift while preventing mind-set. The objective of this study is to find a new direction in quality management, by challen
changing construct reality in mental models. A policy resolution model is proposed to reconstruct reality based on the theory
process of policy resolution is appreciative policy aimed at generating supportive policies. Interactive policy is the second pro
The Theory of
participants toConstraints (TOC) isprocess
buy-in the change a good based
strategy
on for improvingpolicy.
appreciative SupplyDialogue
Chain Flow. Accordingas
is introduced to aKaren M. Kroll
process of Kroll
to acquire Com
knowle
that every
model. business
Thus, has resolution
the policy at least one resource
model that
allows is preventing
senior managersitto
from making
examine infinite profits.
continually The critical
organizational factorsand
practice of time and
portray
relevant to companies
organizational today.that will satisfy the needs of the inquiry and off er ways for improvement.
performance
In early 1995, Harris Semiconductor's Findlay plant embarked on the process of developing the TOC Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR)
wafer fabs, using a reentrant bottleneck, in which the product passes through the bottleneck multiple times. We formed a lea
generic production application to our unique situation and learned much about how to apply each of the components of DBR
situation. For example, to determine how many wafers to start each week, we determine the total bottleneck moves for the
average number of bottleneck repetitions per wafer, and adjust for yield. For the past three years, our plant has been using
evolved greatly. During that time, our bottleneck has changed several times, though we chose to maintain the formal bottlen
addition, we have gone through several periods where the constraint shifted to the market, in which our capacity outstripped
focusing steps, we doubled bottleneck capacity in our focus fab over this time. Activities around the improvement included d
operation from a non-bottleneck operation, modifying operator shifts and work rules, improving capability at the bottleneck t
projects, and using critical ratio to schedule all non-bottleneck operations. Though it took some time to change the mind set,
The Theory
operate our of
fabsConstraints
in Findlayhas
andbeen under development
the results for around 20 years, and now presents a body of knowledge and a fr
speak for themselves.
complementary to traditional OR/MS approaches. Like OR in its infancy, it was developed for practical rather than theoretica
presented in a form that appeals to a wide range of readers. It could be argued that this makes TOC better suited than OR/M
managerially oriented courses, such as MBA programmes. Based on the experiences of the author in OR/MS and TOC, in pra
paper suggests a number of ways in which TOC can be used to enhance traditional OR/MS approaches in a variety of courses
The
with theory of solving
problem constraints (TOC)making,
/decision states that the output
operations of any real and
management, system is limited
quality by its constraint.
and continuous As such,
improvement the only way
approaches, to
in m
performance is toand
at both graduate identify and improve
undergraduate the performance of its constraints. The TOC -based business planning model integrat
level.
and manufacturing) planning activities with a strategic (long-range) planning process. TOC 's three paradigms: logistics, thro
process provides the necessary tools and techniques to successfully utilize this integrated business planning model.
citation only
Managing a global supply chain poses some unique challenges. The Theory of Constraints, a successful solution of the '80's
Management into achieving supply chain goals. This paper explains how TOC -based operational policies are generated for th
chain. We demonstrate how implementation of these policies orchestrates the performance of the supply chain to optimize d
cost. Keywords
This article surveys the recently emerged field of reverse logistics. The management of return flows induced by the various f
materials in industrial production processes has received growing attention throughout this decade. Many authors have prop
taking those changes in the logistics environment into account. However, no general framework has been suggested yet. Th
for a systematic overview of the issues arising in the context of reverse logistics. In this paper we subdivide the field into thr
distribution planning, inventory control, and production planning. For each of these we discuss the implications of the emerg
Production
mathematical lines are rarely
models able to
proposed in perform up to design
the literature, expectations.
and point Murphy's
out the areas in needLaw seems research.
of further to work overtime as problems
Special attention suc
is paid
yield problems,
similarities with and absenteeism
classical 'forward'wreak havoc
logistics on the(C)
methods. line. As aElsevier
1997 result, significant
Science B.V.time and money are spent increasing indiv
solving quality problems, and trying to reduce breakdowns and other causes of work stoppages. The dual problems of inadeq
lost capacity are compounded when the line requires significant setup time to change the product mix. Much research has be
to develop sophisticated algorithms that generate high throughput performance with minimum line buffering. This paper dem
Abstractofavailable
Theory in "The
Constraints' World of the Theory
Drum/Buffer/Rope of Constraints"
logistical, system and buffer management concepts can be applied to production lin
overall line productivity. A series of simulations are conducted in order to analyze and compare the impact of different buffer
environments - with and without line changeovers.
The development of environmentally conscious manufacturing systems has become of increasingconcern. A recoverable ma
system and seeks to minimize waste through a variety of strategies, including remanufacturing. However, despite the growt
there are few established scheduling systems reported in the literature. Drum-buffer-rope has been shown to be successful in
controlling remanufacturing operations, but to date there have been no formal examinations of what priority dispatching rule
constraint work centers to best support drum-buffer-rope. This study examines a number of priority dispatching rules in com
Abstract
rope underavailable in of
a variety "The World oflevels,
utilization the Theory of Constraints"
via a simulation model of an actual remanufacturing facility. The findings indicate th
rules, such as first-in, first-out rule or earliest due-date, work best to support drum-buffer-rope, but that other factors must b
drum-buffer-rope for scheduling in a remanufacturing environment with changing demand rates.
The drum-buffer-rope (DBR) planning and control system is relatively new in the published literature. As such, many issues r
policies have yet to be resolved. In this paper, we look at three such policies. First we study selected order review/release (O
appeared in the published literature to be used as the rope component in DBR. Secondly, we study the impact of lot splitting
into numerous transfer batches. Lastly, the impact of capacity balance between the bottleneck resource and non-bottleneck
simulation model of an existing V plant that manufactures pliers is constructed. Results indicate that the appropriate choice
Abstract of
function available
the shopin performance
"The World ofcriteria
the Theory
felt toofbe
Constraints"
important by management. No previous paper has studied the feasibility
methodologies in a DBR environment. We show that the performance of each is dependent on other conditions within the sh
splitting has yet to be studied. We found that splitting process batches into smaller transfer batches nearly always improved
Further, simulation results indicate that shop inventory levels necessary to achieve comparable service levels is a function o
between bottlenecks and non-bottlenecks, i.e. capacity slack. As capacity slack increases, thereby reducing capacity balance
Abstract available
a corresponding in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"
decrease.
Product quality is merely a necessary condition for a firm to stay in the market. Yet most managers have not accepted this p
selfreflective diagnosis used to uncover the real contribution of TQM in achieving the firms global goal. Also introduces the
powerful tool to guide decision processes that could bring the firm closer to its goal.
The drum-buffer-rope scheduling method, based on the theory of constraints, can lead to substantial supply-chain benefits b
running at maximum throughput and minimum inventories, while meeting unexpected spikes in demand. These benefits are
effective scheduling by means of a software system integrated with an enterprisewide transactional system. The drum-buffe
system that speeds up material flow predictably, even in complex, unstable manufacturing environments subject to volatile
This article presents the implementation of a Drum-Buffer-Rope system within the Harris Semi-conductor's Mountaintop wafe
Constraint Techniques, coupled with Consilium's WorkStream manufacturing execution systems(MES) software. These techni
entitled, "The Goal" written by Dr.Eli Goldratt, focus on constraint management and cause-effect relationships. The compone
system will be explained, including the relationships of throughput and inventory. Self-managed work teams at Harris Semico
techniques to ensure continuous improvement and customer satisfaction.
A controlled laboratory experiment is used to compare the performances of management science (MS), theory of constraints
technology (TOC/OPT) and local optimization (LO) approaches to production planning. The results show that production plann
approaches improve the performance more than the LO approach. MS was found to improve the performance more than TOC
the data suggests that the laboratory experiment had a high power and the tested approaches had a medium to large effect
No abstract
The effects are examined of different maintenance strategies in a wafer fabrication facility operating under the drum-buffer-r
shown that downtime on non-constraint machines can have severe effects on factory performance even if these tools have s
and that for a fixed availability, long downtimes have much worse effects than frequent, short downtimes. It is also shown th
long downtimes improves systems rather than increasing the mean time between failures or reducing the mean time to repa
No abstract
No abstract
No abstract
Since Eli Goldratt first appeared on the scene in the late 1970s, his ideas concerning production management have generate
controversy, and misunderstanding. These ideas have been proliferated under several names such as optimized production t
buffer-rope (DBR), synchronized manufacturing (SM), and theory of constraints (TOC). Although there seems to be general ag
of how capacity-constrained resources are scheduled, research aimed at advancing the state of the art for the specific proble
continues to be limited by prior misunderstandings and the lack of a rigorous examination by the academic community. This
One
stateofofthe key components
research of the
on constraint Theory of
scheduling in Constraints
several ways. is the application
First, it presentsofathe `Drum-Buffer-Rope'
concise principle of
history of the evolution to DBR.
production
It thenl
involves
constraint linking the start
scheduling. of material
Next, intointhe
it presents production
detail line with
the solution the performance
algorithm incorporated ofby
the constraint.
the The methodology
Goldratt Institute presen
in their product
Inventory
relates that Profile System
algorithm (IPS) automation
to alternative methods.tool In
to the
track the factory
process of theseinventory andseveral
activities, performance of constraint
lingering and near
misconceptions are constra
resolve
equipment is monitored using control charts of the inventory. A wafer start modulation algorithm computes the over or unde
recovery time which are used in the starts decision making process.
The Theory of Constraints (TOC) has recently gainer) much success in its application to industrial and service organizations,
paper applies the TOC principles to the management of financial decision making, and shows that
the philosophy can be of much use in this area. A case study of managing credit collateral is presented and solved using the
collateral is treated as a resource
that has to be managed.
Citation only
The Theory of Constraints (TOC) has changed the shape of manufacturing. Small closely held companies have seen the large
improvement in profits. The success of TOC in larger companies has been relegated mostly to the manufacturing organizatio
understanding of TOC by marketing, finance, management and other functional organizations has prevented large companie
profits. Harris Semiconductor has been using TOC for two years and is using a holistic approach to TOC. In order to maximize
has brought marketing, finance, management and other organizations into the TOC process. In addition to the manufacturing
This paper presents
emphasized the utilization
management of a financial
constraints, Drum-Buffer-Rope
metrics and(D-B-R) system perception
marketing's within a wafer fabrication
of product facility, based
profitability. on Theory
While Harris is sti
These techniques,
initial results have described in the book
shown significant entitled 'The
improvement Goal' written by Dr. Eli Goldratt, focus on constraint management and
in profitability
This paper will focus on the tools utilized within the production work areas to effectively manage product mix, inventory leve
The Electronic Buffer Screen, designed and created by Harris Semiconductor, will be the primary focus around effective utiliz
and interaction with on-line production personnel. Self-managed work teams, at Harris Semiconductor in Mountaintop, Penns
A session involving
Management a ten to
techniques person
ensureteam has beenimprovement
continuous conducted which include working
and customer withinLocal
satisfaction. a simplified factory
results will to produce
be identified toasup
pro
chips. The volunteers
of the D-B-R are toarun
system within the factory
complex under Manufacturing
manufacturing Resource
process. Results Planning
include (MRPII) in
improvement and Drum Buffer
throughput, Rope (DBR)
inventory sch
control,
different impacts on workplace stress, profit and on-time shipment. This paper records some of the discoveries volunteered b
Poker Chip Factory experiences, discusses some of the recognized problems with MRPII, highlights how DBR addresses some
gives insight into Poker Chip Factory operations.

citation only
A number of companies have reported significant improvements in manufacturing performance through implementing the co
Constraints suggested by Goldratt (1986). However, the implementation of these concepts in wafer fabs is not straightforwa
reentrant product flows. In this paper we examine the effects of downtime at non-bottleneck machines and different dispatch
of a wafer fab operating under the Drum-Buffer-Rope release policy (Goldratt and Fox 1986). Our results show that downtime
has significant detrimental effects on fab performance, and that the Critical Ratio dispatching rule performs well in terms of
Abstract
time and available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"
throughput.
The optimal placement of a predetermined amount of buffer capacity in balanced serial production lines is a well-understood
moderate variability, the optimal allocation involves equal numbers of buffers at each site in lines with severe variability, the
slightly to place more buffers toward the center of the line. Buffering unbalanced lines is a much less well-understood proble
buffering serial lines with moderate variability and a single bottleneck i.e., a single station with a larger mean processing tim
analysis shows that a bottleneck station draws buffers toward it, but the optimal allocation depends on the location and seve
Abstract
as available
the number in "Theavailable.
of buffers World of the Theory of Constraints"
Furthermore, relatively large imbalances in mean processing times are required to shift th
away from an equal allocation. Finally, line length appears to have a relatively small effect on the optimal allocation with a g
suggest that, at least for the class of lines studied here, equal buffer allocations may be optimal except in severely unbalanc
severely unbalanced lines, throughput appears to be insensitive to the allocation of buffers. 1996 "IIE".
As the title suggests this is part two of our industrial drama where our heroic job applicant is set to save the world from the e
accounting and local optima production schedules. The Lego process simulation is continually modified, in a process of conti
numbers come out right. A predictable ending sees our hero get the job over a well educated , but ignorant of TOC , relative
submitted a business rescue plan based on conventional cost accounting. Our hero and TOC prevails while nepotism fails. Th
instance returned a monthly profit of $25k for the plant. Mechanisms used include the TOC product mix decision method, Dr
The
assumemanagement theory of
the five focusing constraints
steps. is discussed
Two relevant through
points come to an account
mind when of happenings
considering atarticle.
this a production
Firstly plant.
flexibility in the hours
machinist meant a constraint resource was able to be utilised for an extra 50% each day. During this time does the constrain
scheduling predict the pull effect of the constraint, during the previous shift, and over produce to ensure that the constraint
operating outside the normal production times? The second comment is not only related to the two "Fable " works by Osten
several other works that detail the application of TOC in real world situations. Many works seem to apply TOC in "rescue mis
Abstract
impending available in "The World
doom provides of the Theory
the stimulus for the of Constraints"of the organisation to apply this alternative philosophy. The que
management
appear, in many instances, to leave the decision to change operating philosophies so late is worthy of addressing but this wi
The issue that deserves comment here concerns the "public" perception of TOC and its purpose as a new management philo
applications involve plants or organisations which are in difficulties. Could this possibly create a false image that TOC is just
applied to stumbling operations? Where are the works which apply TOC to successful organisations, or at least organisations
No abstractThe benefits of the changes are potentially just as great. Speculation suggests it is possible management of an or
problems?
not broken don't fix it" view. The potential losses associated with a radical change in management philosophy may be suffici
remain contented with the status quo. However the increase in global competition is likely to mean continued improvement
for an organisation to remain competitive in the long term. TOC must be of potential benefit to an organisation which wants
it is to those who want to become successful.
Over the past decade two approaches, just-in-time (JIT) and theory of constraints (TOC), for designing and operating product
each claiming to be the correct way. In addition there are still those who maintain that line balanced (whenever possible) i
study uses simulation to compare each of these approaches for designing and operating production lines under various level
variability, station downtime, and total system inventory. Not surprisingly, the JIT approach appears to work best when syste
approach works best when system variability is high. This shows that lines designed using TOC principles perform significant
Scheduling
inventory isin a remanufacturing
low, environment
and JIT lines perform is more
significantly complex
better and lines
than TOC the scheduler must
as inventory is deal
addedwith more
to the uncertainty
system. than in a
The traditional
environment. In order
perform best under toof
any properly schedule
the conditions in ain
used remanufacturing
this study. environment the schedule must be able to cope with severa
increase variability. The schedule must be able to cope with conditional routeings, a routeing that may or may not be taken d
unit. The schedule must also be able to cope with dependent events, e.g. operation B cannot begin until operation A is comp
(DBR.) offers an extremely robust method of scheduling. A schedule built using DBR can take both conditional routeings and
This paper
account. A seeks to example
realistic advance from
the current understanding
a military of constraint
depot is discussed scheduling
in detail and eachinstep
several ways.
required toFirst,
builditadescribes
schedule the need
using DBR
DBR systems.
also shows theItresults
then formally presents the
from a simulation production
model of DBR scheduling problemdepot
at a repair/rework DBR which
attempts
areto solve and relates
benchmarked againstthat formulatio
the present
evaluates the quality of solutions produced by the solution algorithm incorporated by the Goldratt Institute (and now mainta
control system.
Goal Systems Group) in their production software on a set of benchmark problems involving multiple constraints. The results
results can be obtained as long as the constraints are scheduled in the best sequence.
This research uses simulation technique to compare the output performance of pull production systems with different inter-s
(ISSC) under various levels of total inventory (INV) in the system, station coefficient of variation (CV), and station down-time
findings from this study. First, it shows pull systems with larger ISSC yield a significantly higher output at all levels of INV in t
station DT. Second, it shows that lines using a strict Kanban-based pull system can increase output while decreasing WIP inv
inventory to flow freely between stations. These are major findings considering that the modifications necessary in the syste
Abstract
are fairly available in "Theand
uncomplicated World of the
should Theory
require of Constraints"
minimal investment.

Several authors have investigated and proposed implementation for the theory of constraints philosophy in manufacturing o
study has addressed the application of TOC (the theory of constraints) in service organizations. This twopart article illustrate
service and notforprofit organizations. Part 1 explains the basic principles of TOC .
Several authors have investigated and proposed implementations for the theory of constraints (TOC) philosophy in manufact
However, no study has addressed the application of TOC in service organizations. The second of two articles, illustrates how
service and notforprofit organizations. The first part explained the basic principles of TOC : in this issue those principles are
environment.
The paper looks at whether TOC can be applied to improve the performance of service-orientated organizations, specifically
citation only
Reports that Eli Goldratt's philosophy, the Theory of Constraints (TOC), which works in conjunction with Total Quality Manage
(JIT) is now evident in New Zealand. Areas companies need to address Companies that benefited from Goldratt's theories Ot
Managing bottlenecks is the focus of many important decisions, since the bottleneck controls the throughput of the system.
not possible to predict how the bottleneck management decisions affect not only customer service variables (e.g. tardiness)
apply Lawrence and Buss's (1994) work to improve heuristics to manage bottlenecks. We examine Order Review/Release tec
Buffer-Rope techniques (DBR) to determine their effect on the ease of managing bottlenecks. The issues described are exam
shop based on the work of Lawrence and Buss (1994). The tradeoff curve between WIP and utilization (?) rises exponentially
Many MRP quite
becoming systems
highdo not utilization
after succeed for a variety
reaches 90.of reasons. Some authors contend that failure is due to faculty MRP compute
explicitly recognize capacity constraints. In contrast, Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) is proposed as an improved alternative manufa
system because it does consider capacity constraints. This work provides both a theoretical foundation for comparing their s
testing their operational differences.
This study examines the effect of the position of the bottleneck operation on various Drum-Buffer-Rope operating policies in
of an operating V-plant is used to study the impact of bottleneck location on the best combination of order review/release me
process/transfer batch size policy. Several bottleneck locations are modelled by varying the processing and setup time param
model and applying three order review/release procedures and two batch size policies at each bottleneck location. Several tr
performance, including mean flowtime, mean tardiness, and percent tardy along with measures specific to the Dram-Buffer-R
Focused management
to the bottleneck technology
and standard (FMT) isofaflowtime
deviation managerial approach
to the designed
bottleneck) to improve
are used processes
to assess system and increase profits. It offe
performance.
already well-established philosophies and techniques of other management approaches. These techniques and their underly
and tailored to meet the special environment and the specific needs of the electronics industry. In this article, the integration
industry will be demonstrated by a successful implementation in a department of a leading Israeli electronics company.
This is an application based article in which the author details implementation of constraint management techniques at Luce
reference to the Theory of Constraints or Eli Goldratt is in the bibliography to the article. However the methodologies applied
with a couple of notable omissions. The author states the approach taken endeavoured to take advantage of JIT and MRP. Th
the company was not dictated by the change to constraint management. This is considered as a benefit of the approach. Luc
type of Kanban approach to handling parts and assemblies. This simple but effective approach also manages inventory in th
This
sizesresearch documents
is considered an innovative
with convenience implementation
being of cellular
the prime decider manufacturing
of batch and drum-buffer-rope
size. The article outlines the basicconcepts
conceptsfor of Robert
constraB
The benefits
played by thefrom the implementation
constraint in dictating thehave been
output ofoverwhelmingly positive The
the production process. and system
the expenses to make
is described as the changes
a pull system,in derived
the sho
many improvements,
approach leadistime
to buffer stocks was reduced
mentioned by over
as is their role50% with substantial
in protecting improvement
the constraint. in due-date
The author performance,
introduces a conceptthe qualit
called pr
improved significantly,
means of assessing theand productivity
output of theofworkers
of each stage increased
the operation andbyis 20%.
useful as a planning tool. The stages of production whic
normally scheduled levels are investigated to find out why the variance exists. The author notes that areas with the lower yie
Overall
to investequipment effectiveness
efforts to improve is defined
the process. Thisin sounds
terms of its four components:
suspiciously availability, operating
like local optimisation, which hasefficiency,
the tendencyrateto
efficiency
cause hig a
necessary to obtain 100 percent OEE for every piece of equipment. Instead, attention should be focused
levels. This point may have been born out later on in the article where the author states that process staff tend to create the on the constraint or
inventory. Betz outlinesis used to explain why and
the implementation the drum-buffer-rope
strategy at Luccent. Instead technique is used
of the five to explain
focusing how.
steps of TOC a six step strategy
notable divergence from the Drum-Buffer-Rope of TOC is the lack of a rope pull system. This omission would also contribute t
in process inventory mentioned by the author. The results of the implementation are detailed and include a six fold increase
This article
on time describes
shipping the theory
of finished of constraints,
goods, reduction ofan approach for costs
manufacturing enacting a process
all without anyofincrease
continuous improvement
in capital investmentthatorfocuses
person
system's performance. A user-friendly simulation game to teach the theory of constraints is discussed. The authors think tha
as students of management can benefit from the theory as a useful conceptual framework for improving business performan
interaction with the simulation game to reinforce the theory's principles. The game has been played by practitioners and aca
sponsored by the Avraham Y. Goldratt Institute and has served as an active learning tool for students in graduate and underg
Abstract available
management in "The
classes. World
1996 of the
Sage Theory of Constraints"
Publications, Inc.
Process improvement is frequently discussed as a series of on-going analysis and implementation stages. However, it is ofte
performance trade-offs and the cumulative impact of sequential decisions. This paper takes a simple production system and
can be quantitatively evaluated using rapid modeling software. Rapid modeling, which uses queueing relationships to repres
shown to be an effective tool for gaining an understanding of performance trade-offs. Further, the effects that a path of decis
process inventory, resource utilizations and product lead times can be studied.
The paper challenges the premise that all data collected in the insurance industry must be stored in the database. This pape
that allows for testing and
assessing of data items currently stored in the database, as well as providing a'to store or not to store'decision policy regard
empirical case study of a life insurance agency is presented through which the ideas are illustrated.
Focused management technology (FMT) is a managerial approach designed to improve and increase profits. It offers a syner
well-established philosophies and techniques of other management approaches. These techniques and their underlying philo
tailored to meet the special environment and the specific needs of the electronics industry. The integration of FMT into the e
is demonstrated by a successful implementation in a department of a leading Israeli ...

citation only
Citation only
At the 1995 Bobbin Show, demands for agile manufacturing will be met head-on, as suppliers of unit production systems (UP
that make their systems more productive and flexible than ever. Steven McLendon, executive VP for Eton Systems Inc., says
continuous replenishment of hot items - they want to reorder what sold this weekend and have it in stock ready to sell next w
response challenge, Eton Systems will introduce the latest enhancement to its SOFT UPS, which has been upgraded in versio
buffer calling process, including the ability to implement Theory of Constraints management.
citation only

Citation only
This article presents the findings from a simulation using actual production data comparing the material requirements planni
with that of drum-buffer-rope (DBR) from the theory of constraints (TOC), previously called OPT. The simulation is based on p
diesel engine factory currently using MRP. The same data were then used under DBR procedures. Care was taken to utilize th
suggested in the TOC literature. A buffer-modified MRP was also modeled. This environment used MRP scheduling with a buff
constraining operation. An analysis of variance of the results of all scenarios indicates that the constraint buffer used in DBR
Learning
output fromcurve
thetheory
system.hasbeen
1995.an important consideration for capacity planning and bid preparation since the 1940's. Cons
new approach to managing manufacturing systems. This paper examines the implications each of these theories has for the
relationships are identified using a deterministic simulation of a simple production line which is influenced by learning and th
constraint. The rate of improvement of several measures of system performance follows the learning rate, but because of th
constraint, other measures of performance actually get worse.
The theory of constraints (TOC) has recently gained much success in its application to industrial and service organizations. T
principles to the management of information technology (IT) in the organization. The paper creates a four tiered model for th
IT, starting with TOC 's throughput-driven business policy on with the seven step resource management methodology throug
investment technique and concluding with the drum-buffer-rope production activity procedure. We draw a framework and a m
can be more effective using the TOC way of management. In order to systematically explore the location of the organization
Several studies have
TOC a synthesis shown
of three that more
established than 70% of frameworks:
management all medium to large size companies
stakeholder (sales
analysis, the valueexceeding
chain and$19 million)
Boston have so
Consulting
improvement
model. program in place. Based on independent studies by Arthur D. Little, Ernst & Young, and others, researchers hav
one-fifth of all QI programs achieve tangible results. One explanation for the disappointing results is that many quality impro
results-oriented. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of using the theory of constraints for achieving a resu
improvement program.
Expediting is a common manufacturing practice for keeping good due-date performance. The question addressed here is how
to get the best due-date performance with a given planning/control system. Computer simulations, under the planning schem
coupled with the control mechanism of buffer management, were used to investigate the impact of two expediting schemes
performance.
IMA's Northeast Regional Council, the Avraham Y. Goldratt Institute, and American Media Inc. presented a unique 3-part prog
Institute of Technology.

This is another article outlining the principles of TOC then discussing TOC s application at a manufacturing facility. The autho
description of TOC manufacturing philosophy and include some discussion of the TOC approach to management accounting.
included to help relate the influence of the constraint on the output of the production plant. An introduction to the Harris Sem
given. It is stated that in the past attempts to run the plant at near capacity merely increased inventory, increased lead time
deliveries. Management needed to change its practices in order to become competitive. Constraint management was applie
Ford lectronics
change. Manufacturing
All manufacturing Corporation's
employees Markham,
now receive a 4 Ontario, plantsession
hour training won thein1994 Shingomanagement.
constraint Prize for Manufacturing Excellenc
Drum-Buffer-Rope wa
waste reduction
scheduling. Manyprogram begun during
of the standard the late 1980s.were
TOC methodologies This applied
article outlines
at Harristhe unique
Corp. The approach
results of taken at the
the TOC plant to after
application implemsi
concentrated
in inventory by on40%,
inventory management,
an increase floor space
in throughput utilization,
by 28%, andwas
cycle time employee empowerment
cut in half, quicker new product introductions, produc
contribute to Harris Corp having a competitive advantage.
This paper will describe two Harris Semiconductor success stories and discuss the SDWT (self-directed work team) tools used
story concerns a union factory that, faced with the potential loss of a major customer, tried a new approach to creating dialo
company. The second story concerns a wafer fabrication line where teams were in place for two years with little signs of imp
TOC and TPM, in combination with a structured team environment, the same group of people made significant operational im
months (40% increase in volume, 2x improvement in die yield (quality), 23% reduction in cycle time, and 16% improvement
A presentation of the results of implementing drum-buffer-rope for production planning and control at a Naval aviation depot
during the adoption of DBR by the depot are presented in detail. The reduced work in process, increased inventory turns, and
indicate DBR provides a superior method for production planning and control in a remanufacturing environment.
Master production scheduling (MPS) in a theory of constraints (TOC) environment requires a different focus and understandin
requirements planning (MRP) systems. Misunderstanding of the concepts or the belief that there is no need to change the MP
serious problems and cause the system to fail to achieve all of the expected benefits. In the study, the MPS under TOC conta
across the constraint however, the MPS accounts for all end items in the shipping schedule. There is only one MPS under TOC
subordinate schedules for material release, final assembly and shipping to orchestrate production. .
This paper details activities targeted at improving task behaviors within self-directed work teams (SDWTs), which subsequen
quality within the factory. Like many companies, Harris Semiconductor manages its resources to improve productivity and lo
major initiative employed at Harris, Theory of Constraints (TOC), focuses on increased throughput, decreased inventory, and
TOC is the central focus for individual, team, and equipment improvements. Employees are involved in continuous improvem
Productive Maintenance (TPM) and system improvement project teams to achieve TOC objectives. We focus on the methods
This paperand
to deploy describes a SLAM II-in
train employees FORTRAN
TOC andsimulation model
TPM, a subset of of
theDrum- buffer-ropetool
total employee (DBR) as needed
box a production
to beplanning and
successful in control
today's
component
environmentdivision of a Naval Aviation Depot. The model represents all of the functional areas of remanufacturing facility (a
for the repair/overhaul of an aviation component, as well as DBR for production planning and control. The model allows for e
areas, including setting buffer sizes, buffer management techniques, input/output control, and capacity management. The m
that DBR is an extremely robust method of production planning and control and that DBR leads to better performance to sch
inventory and improved use of present resources.
The theory of constraints (TOC) has recently gained much success in its application to industrial and service organizations. T
principles to the management of information technology (IT) in the organization. The paper creates a four tiered model for th
IT, starting with TOC's throughput-driven business policy; on with the seven step resource management methodology; throu
investment technique; and concluding with the drum-buffer-rope production activity procedure. We draw a framework and a
can be more effective using the TOC way of management. In order to systematically explore the location of the organization
Demonstrates
TOC a synthesis a new and established
of three innovative approach for directing
management preventive
frameworks: maintenance
stakeholder analysis,(PM)
the programs using
value chain and the theory
Boston of const
Consulting
of value of using TOC principles for directing PM programs Achievement of competitive advantage through combination of id
model
different approaches from business.
citation only
An application of the OPT principles and some simple scheduling rules without the sophisticated OPT software in a four-stage
shop is demonstrated by using a medium-sized battery factory as a case study. The throughput and inventory performances
and compared with those of push and pull policies by using a simulation study. The performances of OPT are attractive. Altho
relatively low inventory level, it can still maintain relatively high throughput rate.
Simulation has proven to be an important computer tool in analyzIIng new manufacturing approaches. In this paper we use s
a new approach to manufacturing with current practices. The new approach is referred to as the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) me
manufacturing. We discuss the DBR approach and demonstrate the application of DBR in a furniture manufacturing case exa
used to compare the DBR approach with the typical system of production control referred to as a cutting approach. The simu
considerable savings in makespan are possible when DBR is used in place of the cutting approach.
Citation only
The authors state the purpose of this work is to present the differences between TOC and OPT. This is done by using three di
familiar with Goldratts own paper titled " My Saga To Improve Production", 1995, will notice many similarities with this work
to Goldratt in 1979, with the meaning of the anachronism changing in the 80s. Application to job shop production was achiev
software in 1980. The concepts of reducing inventory and excess capacity for most stages of production are mentioned as be
Goal was introduced in 1984 and contained many of the concepts underlying OPT but did not mention OPT itself. Emphasis in
The
was theory
placed of
onconstraints
the system(TOC) is a production
bottleneck. planningwith
A dissatisfaction andcost
control system reported
accounting was also to improve manufacturing
acknowledged at this time.performance
Many comp
requirement
concepts foundplanning
in The and
Goaljust-in-time systems.
achieved better Onethan
results requirement
those thatofused
TOC OPT
is thesoftware.
assumption of a cost-accounting
By 1985 OPT software had system that
been mod
traditional
was placedcost accounting.
on finding This study
conceptual examinesfor
replacements thecost
conflict between
accounting traditional T,
procedures. cost accounting
I, OE emerged.and
TheTOC
Raceaccounting, presen
was introduced t
TOC method
to OPT operates
software. at The
DBR was Trane Company
introduced. (Macon,
The capacity GA) and how
constrained the cost
resource wasaccounting
recognisedaspect of TOCas
and defined wasnotused to evaluate
necessarily a bo
line proposed
the findings ofby marketing.
a survey of OPT users. The strengths and weaknesses of OPT are listed, based on user responses. In summary
Abstract available
software in "Thea World
which provides of the Theory
finite scheduling of Constraints"
methodology, containing elements of DBR. Discussion about the scheduling com
the topic of the next section of this paper. The main focus being DBR and the Five Focusing Steps. Buffer management is me
a focus for continuous improvement. The inappropriateness of conventional measures is stated as providing motivation for G
underlying concepts. The Theory of Constraints is discussed next. Goldratt is said to have devoted his efforts to the developm
1987 the name TOC was adopted. In 1990 the book The Haystack Syndrome was published to codify and discuss the logistic
Abstract available
performance in "The World
measurements of the
of the Theory
general of Constraints"
theory of the organisation. The VAT logistics structure is mentioned as part of TO
were developed as part of TOC , and has the purpose of resolving the three questions managers face what to change, what t
change. The approach is said to be based on the scientific method of postulating and hypothesised cause of an observed eff
detailed. In conclusion the authors state that confusion over OPT, The Goal, and TOC should be greatly reduced. This paper c
works on OPT, TOC as well and a comprehensive bibliography.

This article describes the successful application of the five-step focusing process productivity improvement technique to an a
component of the theory of constraints, this productivity improvement method has usually been applied in manufacturing se
management to identify the critical operations that determine the overall output from both the physical system and the adm
Once identified, bottlenecks are systematically removed, thereby improving the performance of the entire system.
Harris Semiconductor's Mountaintop, PA facility is incorporating Synchronous Flow Management (SFM) principles in it's manu
Devices. Synchronous Flow Management (SFM) is a science of management that addresses the total flow of an organization.
economic impact is fast, direct, and often enormous. By managing the constraints that control all organizations, the achievem
The goal in all organizations is to make money now and in the hture. This paper will discuss structural, managerial and beha
Mountaintop facility that had to be identified and controlled to implement a synchronous flow management system. Improve
This paper
reduced reviews
lead times,National
improved Semiconductor's experience
delivery performance in applying
and quality constraint
will be management techniques at an integrated circ
highlighted.
in South Portland, Maine. It explains why constraint management was undertaken and the effect that constraint managemen
product shipments, inventory, cycle times, and due date delivery performance. The process of identifying bottleneck tools, th
tool output, and the synchronization of tool output and inventory are described. The effect of factory indices and information
behavior and the strategies used to convince people to behave differently are also described. The theory of constraint conce
Drum-buffer-rope (DBR) scheduling was pioneered by Eliyahu Goldratt in the 1970s, although the method has not yet gained
the following analogies. The drum is a system constraint or other critical resource that sets the pace or "beat" of production.
other signaling methods that tie the release of raw materials and customer promise dates to the production drum. Finally, th
on the shop floor. The buffers result from work being released earlier than the absolute minimum time required to complete
uses 3 types of buffers. The constraint buffer protects throughput of the drum. It provides insurance that the drum is rarely i
In
Thethe 1990s, the
assembly primary
buffer focus
provides of many that
insurance businesses willhave
parts that likelycompleted
shift from processing
quality-based
on to
thetime-based factors.
drum are not The at
delayed use of prote
assembly
businesses to the
parts. Finally, achieve theirbuffer
shipping time-based goals.
protects Protectiveofcapacity
the integrity customer has been defined
promise dates. as a given amount of extra capacity at no
system constraint's capacity, used to protect against statistical fluctuations such as breakdowns, late receipts of materials, a
the effectiveness of protective capacity, a computer simulation experiment compared the cycle time performance of a produ
protective capacity with one that did not. The SLAM II simulation language was used to construct the 2 simulation models. Th
We examine
protective the phenomenon
capacity as a viable of shifting
means production
to achieve bottlenecks
faster from
cycle times an analytic
while operatingperspective.
with lower We quantify
inventory the propensity
levels. Further, it of
wa
bottleneck, defined require
protective capacity as maximal queue length,
less inventory in theusing a simple
system Jackson
to achieve production
relatively network
stable model. Comparison of the analytic
cycle times.
simulation-based model shows that the two are in good agreement. A scalar measure of bottleneck shiftiness is proposed an
policies for mitigating shiftiness. Simulation experiments show that several commonly observed managerial policies for copin
actually increase shiftiness, but that shiftiness declines when the capacity of nonbottleneck resources is increased.
The purpose of this project was ro provide statistics and information gathered by Clemson Apparel Research on a study inves
of Unit Production Systems in relation to the Progressive Bundle System which is the most common production control system

This paper discusses the applicability of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) in the process flow industry and compares TOC to th
Drum-Buffer-Rope methodology is altered to meet the needs of the process flow environment. Guidelines for the strategic loc
the reduced WIP inventory levels are provided
This work contains one of the most complete descriptions of the Theory of Constraints among the currently available works w
name. The basis of the paper is to show how MRP can be incorporated into a TOC management system. However the bulk of
outlining the methodologies of TOC . The key differences between TOC and MRP are discussed in relation to a manufacturing
brevity, the topics Smith covers in this work are listed below, as an alternative to a complete summary which would be exces
is well researched and contains many references to published academic articles on TOC . TOC Accounting Measures Capacity
The Theory
Influence of of Constraintson(TOC)
a constraint systemhasoutput
recently proved suc-
Scheduling cessful inoffocusing
approaches TOC andindustrial and service
MRP Lead-times organizations.
Transfer This
and Process paper
Batch si
Management-of-Informa-
placement including discussiontion-Systems
about assembly and shipping buffers Set-up reduction TOC advantages over JIT Combining T
(MIS) in the organization.
relationships with suppliersDeming's
Inventoryprocess
controlofQuality
on-going improvement
improvement (POOGI) manages
Management educationtheResistance
update of IS
to goals
changeto Identifying
accommod
environment. The process
production schedule includes
Creating buffersthe definition
Results of goals for IS; of
of implementation definition
TOC at of performance
several metrics;plants
manufacturing process
areim- provement
given. ob
The result
medium and long
These results term; and the
are consistent withidentification constraints
the findings of other limiting
authors the ...
who document the implementation of TOC . Typically work in p
This paper
reduced, ondiscusses the applicability
time delivery of the Theory
improved, quality improved, of Constraints (TOC) inand
earnings improved the use
process flow
of over industry
time and compares TOC to th
was reduced.
Drum-Buffer-Rope methodology is altered to meet the needs of the process flow environment. Guidelines for the strategic loc
the reduced WIP inventory levels are provided.
The Fox (1987) procedure for the Theory of Constraints (TOC) calculation is shown to be inefficient when multiple constraine
Constraints is a production control methodology that maximizes profits in a plant that has a demonstrated bottleneck. The p
determine the product mix that will maximize profitability is a very simple series of steps. However, this series of steps assu
be selected through simple routine that suggests building the most profitable products first. In the first example given, TOC c
optimal product mix. In the 2nd example, TOC came up with an unfeasible solution. It is concluded that linear-integer progra
Abstract available
planning in "Thecloser
tool and comes Worldto
ofachieving
the Theory ofTOC
the Constraints"
goal of maximizing throughput.
In recent years a growing number of firms have reported dramatic results from an operation's improvement technique called
(CM). For example, Ford Motor Company's Electronics division attributes reductions in manufacturing cycle time as high as 8
product returns, reductions in inventory of 49 per cent and 43 per cent lower freight costs to its implementation of CM. Othe
Spring and Wire, Valmont/ALS, and Kent Moore Cabinets report similar results. The purpose of this paper is to provide the rea
understanding of Constraint Management, which has also been referred to as synchronized manufacturing the Drum, Buffer,
The drum?buffer?rope/buffer
(Optimized management
Production Technology) approach
the Theory radically and
of Constraints, changes the content
to explore of production
its potential management
impact on practice, rese
logistics managers.
Documents the major impacts that drum?buffer?rope has on production management study and practice. In summary it prov
distils the complexities of material flow into an understandable format reduces drastically the number of resources that mus
warns of potential disruption to the production plan controls lead time guides continuous improvement efforts offers a signifi
to the Kanban production system aligns local resource performance measures with global organizational performance and m
Abstract available
capacity in "The
management World ofobsolete.
techniques the Theory of Constraints"
Focused Management Technology (FMT) is a managerial approach to solving an organization's problems, designed to improv
profits. It is based on the integration of the well-established Just In Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), Theory of Co
Effective Performance Measurements (GEPM), and Complete Kit (CK) techniques. These techniques and their underlying philo
tailored to meet the special environment and the specific needs of the insurance industry. This article explains the integratio
industry and demonstrates a successful implementation of FMT concepts in a life insurance department of a leading Israeli in
This paper considers a single bottleneck system: a multistage production system where all setups except one are zero. The
defined to be the bottleneck it may be thought of as the critical resource whose throughput largely determines the throughp
envisioned by the OPT philosophy. Production is in lots with uncertain (binomial) yields and demand needs to be satisfied in f
necessitating multiple production runs. We show how the optimal control problem can be reduced to that of optimal lotsizing
The planning, scheduling and control of repair/remanufacture (REMAN) operations has received considerable attention amon
few years, but little attention from academia. The premise of this research is that significant improvements can be made in t
controlling of REMAN operations by the application of the principles of synchronous manufacturing developed from the Theo
Normally scheduling requires standards relating to part routings and processing times. These standards are not available in r
stochastic nature of the amount of work and the routings required to rebuild a unit. TOC avoids this problem of standards by
Fox
and (1987)
(2) the offered a procedure
use of Buffers for theManagement.
and Buffer theory of constraints calculation
This approach makes(TOC). How
the use of the traditional linear
approximations programming
to standards techn
acceptable.
optimization
synchronous can be used to solve
manufacturing thethe
involves problem of TOC of
modification profit maximization
performance as welland
measures as how this same
adoption linear programming
of drum-buffer-rope (DBR)tech
as a
evaluate a series
control system. of optional routings
Synchronous to determine
manufacturing which
does not will maximize
require profits
the expense are demonstrated.
of purchasing It is also
or developing demonstrated
in-house MRP softwartha
more
degreeaccurate
of data in achieving
accuracy thepoints.
at all statedAgoals of showing
model TOC (calculating a maximum
if significant profit could
improvement solution) than the series
be achieved of steps
by a REMAN that
firm opti
adopt
or TOC suggests
synchronous as an optimal
manufacturing solution.
would be of benefit to practitioners and academics.
The issue of setup time has received a great deal of research effort during the past decade. Most of the related literature has
reduce the setup time, also referred to as quick changeover. First, rather than analysing setup time reductions at all workcen
improvements, the paper suggests focusing such efforts on bottleneck resources. Second, the results of this study conclude
information needed for finite scheduling is missing from the existing MRP database. The missing data field is a code to repre
Current systems infer that setup time is an independent variable that is different for each manufactured inventory item. The
Abstract availableand
setup procedure, in "The World of time,
the required the Theory
can beofthe
Constraints"
same for multiple inventory items. Identifying these procedures can lead
schedules that can improve due date performance and/or reduce overtime required to meet promised ship dates.
This paper considers a "single bottleneck system": a multistage production system where all setups except one are zero. The
defined to be the bottleneck; it may be thought of as the critical resource whose throughput largely determines the throughp
envisioned by the OPT philosophy. Production is in lots with uncertain binomial yields and demand needs to be satisfied in fu
multiple production runs. We show how the optimal control problem can be reduced to that of optimal lotsizing a single stage
Focused Management Technology (FMT) is a managerial approach to solving an organization's problems, designed to improv
profits. It is based on the integration of the well-established Just In Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), Theory of Co
Effective Performance Measurements (GEPM) and Complete Kit (CK) techniques. These techniques and their underlying philo
tailored to meet the special environment and the specific needs of the insurance industry. This article explains the integratio
industry, and demonstrates a successful implementation of FMT concepts in a life insurance department of a leading Israeli i
citation only

citation only
citation only

Some of the reasons why cost accounting obscures business decisions are discussed. One man says that if people are accep
because the concept was once valid, it only became damaging when people continued to use it after circumstances had cha
To tear down the walls of distrust in an organization, one has to attack some of the organization's devasting policies and dare
fundamental measurements, not just play with human-relations issues
This paper analyses the various facets of the 'complete kit' concept in manufacturing, research and development, engineerin
It looks at how starting a job with an incomplete kit means more labour time to finish the job, longer lead time, more work in
thorughput, poor quality and impairment of due date performance.
Since initial work done by Goldratt in the mid-1980s and as the concepts related to the theory of constraints (TOC) have bec
have concluded that the TOC approach offers nothing in addition to what can be accomplished through linear programming (
example, this paper compares TOC to LP and clarifies the differences surrounding the TOC philosophy and the LP technique
Citation only

Modern management philosophies, such as just in time (JIT), the theory of constraints (TOC) and total quality management (
emphasis on operations management. These approaches create techniques and procedures for effective flow of materials, b
tools to consider the economic outcomes of the various alternatives. This paper applies the cost/utilization model to the anal
materials flow. The model combines the Pareto approach with the TOC approach. The Pareto approach concentrates on the im
of the organization. TOC focuses on the organization's constraints. It is presented in a simple graphic display aimed to allow
This paper resources,
constraint presents adetect
strategic master
faults production
in the scheduling
planning of (SMPS)line,
the production model whichimproper
examine makes a structured
fluctuationsconnection between
in the process and pt
manufacturing and executiondecision-support
model is a top-management of the production plan.
tool Inmay
that creating this missing
be applied link,
in areas theas
such model incorporates
buffer principles
policy, assessment of of the th
protecti
programming, utility theory
production resources and the analytical
and identification hierarchyof
and priorization process. A formulation
areas for improvement.of the SMPS model is presented and illustrate
can work in a real situation. The SMPS model is appropriate for make to order and make to stock production environments
presented for each environment. A special technique for resource availability planning is presented using the de novo progra
In this case history, we detail how one company implemented Goldratt's concepts of drum, buffer, rope, together with some
vendors to achieve a just-in-time inventory policy. The difficulties encountered in the implementation are described together
program: increased sales volume, profits and return on assets. It is important and noteworthy that these results were achiev
culture changes and training at the lowest levels of the organization usually associated with total quality management progr
even without the potential benefits from enlisting the lowest levels of the organization, Goldratt's concepts are sufficiently po
New manufacturing
benefits theoriesThere
to an organization. and techniques such as
also is evidence just-in-time
that such gains and total
may be quality management
tenuous, advocate
or short term, withoutthe use of smalllon
all employees' lo
subsequently
engendered by reduction
training of
andsetup times.them
engaging This in
yields better
problem quality,
solving andlower response
continuous time, less operating
improvement expenses and less wor
programs.
implementation of the small-lot concept often encounters opposition from production people who feel that increasing the nu
inevitable result of reducing their size) implies a need for more information and more information technology.
This paperof
By means presents a strategic
a normative model,master
based production scheduling
on information theory (SMPS)
and themodel which
entropy makes a structured
measurement, connection
this paper between
proves that the mov t
manufacturing
less informationand execution
needs. of thealso
The model production plan.
shows the In creating
relationship this missing
between link, the model
improvement incorporates
activities, principles
such as setup of the
and time perthp
programming, utility theory and the analytical hierarchy process. A formulation of the SMPS model is presented and illustrate
information needs.
can work in a real situation. The SMPS model is appropriate for make to order and make to stock production environments
presented for each environment. A special technique for resource availability planning is presented using the de novo progra
Many batch manufacturing businesses stagger from one period-end despatch crisis to another. Such organizational behaviou
great an emphasis on financial measures of performance and poor production throughput management. There is very little p
provides a plan for an escape from this unfortunate cycle of events. This paper is based upon research designed to provide s
presented to aid the process of manufacturing strategy planning with descriptions of the generic manufacturing strategies id
achieve manufacturing-led competitive advantage will require many businesses to restructure their operations. The type of a
the needed transformation to their methods of production is detailed in the paper. Significant as these changes are, they are
implement as the acceptance of the radically different performance measurements used to manage manufacturing operation
measures to use to achieve manufacturing-led competitiveness is the principal subject of this paper.

A conversation on what Japan's "core statement" is and its position on cutting operating expenses through minimizing invent
question of when inventory is a liability or an asset is discussed.
A discussion of the latest fads and fashions in manufacturing focuses on automation. The idea behind the fad may be sound,
innovation ends up that causes problems
A step-by-step analysis of engineering as the key to competition in today's environment is presented, focusing on product, p
Drum?Buffer?Rope (DBR) is a relatively new approach to inventory and logistics management that effectively supports reduc
Previous studies have not emphasized this fact nor explained how it is accomplished. This paper describes DBR mechanics, p
implementation steps, identifies key ideas, and reports experience with one DBR application. Key ideas identified include the
excess capacity. Input control is readily implemented within DBR while excess capacity permits DBR flow to be maintained. T
demonstrates both the effectiveness of DBR in reducing lead?time and its vulnerability to misunderstanding.

The author gives a introduction to OPT and its evolution into Theory of Constraints, referring to The Goal (1984 edition). The
of the early 1980s OPT approach and mentions how the term synchronous manufacturing was coined by Srikanth and Umble
operates is given in considerable depth. The author states the basic theory behind DBR and goes to great length to marry DB
system. Much of the discussion is focused around the use of buffers in the production process. The author is in favour of a m
incorporating assembly and shipping buffers. Like Schonberger and Knod (P255), Spenser states buffers are needed after the
multiple buffer system that Spenser promotes uses so many buffers that work in process inventory would be large resemblin
into a complex description of the hybrid system while also acknowledging the affects statistical fluctuation has on a process.
attempts to remove variability from the system but does not mention that time lost at a non-constraint is not actually time lo
gives a description of what amounts to DBR being a pull system with the statement that 'the communication is simply to elim
bottleneck to the first operation'. The common theme that runs through the article is conservatism, acknowledging that som
status quo yet not acknowledging a new management philosophy provides a better way of doing things. Thus the need to ap
framework
Abstract is not mentioned.
available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"
Buffer management (BM) serves as the control extension to the drum-buffer-rope shop floor planning and scheduling techniq
time buffer and its implications and the definition of the information needed for controlling the shop floor. The shop-floor pro
described here assesses the actual state on the floor compared to the planned state and points out those areas that urgently
Simple comparison between planned and actual state is not practical in most cases, the data collection itself is so enormous
frequently. In other cases the task of the user, who has to draw conclusions out of a huge list of deviations from the plan, be
The question has been raised whether material requirements planning (MRP) and the theory of constraints (TOC) can coexist
(Brenham, Texas), which produces steel poles for the construction and utility markets, grew from having manual systems and
inventory to a company with a Class A MRP system. The transformation involved examining TOC to see if it would work for th
whether interfacing MRP and TOC was possible. Subsequently, Valmont employed the drum, buffer, rope technique of shop fl
new schedules. The transformation also involved developing a new mind set for measuring the performance of subordinate a
implementation, employees were educated in small groups about the basic concepts of TOC . Implementation proved that M
successfully.
This work is a comprehensive description of the Theory of Constraints. The concepts behind TOC are explained and comparis
manufacturing. Rather than going into a detailed assessment of the topics included in this article it is more sensible to firstly
not discussed. The Five Focusing Steps, The Thinking Processes, and TOC Accounting are not included in this early TOC work
concerned with TOC s benefits for operations management of manufacturing plants. An explanation for these exclusions can
considers the publishing date of this article. Eli Goldratt had probably not developed The Thinking Processes nor the Five Foc
Fawcett and Pearson wrote this work. Thus the remaining TOC topics discussed include -Drum-Buffer-Rope -Constraint Identifi
Manufacturing -Global throughput optimisation -Statistical Fluctuation -Continual Improvement -Benefits of TOC Application -
-Buffer Management -Methods of Exploiting Constraints
A new approach to viewing and handling information in the organization is presented. Information is treated as inventory in i
(data to be processed), work in process (data being converted into information), and finished goods (information being store
inventory management methods, such as Just In Time, we introduce the concept of Information In Process (IIP). We show tha
and hinders the decision-making ability of those for whom information is gathered and processed in the first place the use
information resource by stocking IIP is suggested to be a cause of many system failures and malfunctions as is the case with
accumulating inventories. A methodology for applying inventory control techniques to the area of information systems is out
of IIP.

Synchronized manufacturing as in the OPT system (Optimized Production Technology, by Creative Output Inc.) is a relatively
management. This paper analyses the nine OPT rules, the OPT concepts and OPT philosophy in order to establish an analytic
OPT system. The analysis is based on systems theory concepts, mathematical programming theory and techniques, as well a
rule, and the Japanese production experience. It is shown that the OPT rules reflect substantial integration of well established
whole OPT philosophy. The paper analyzes the OPT classification of VAT plants and the Drum-Buffer-Rope concept used in OP
distinction between BIG OPT (the management system) and its subsystem SMALL OPT (the scheduler). The paper suggests t
concepts may be applied in all types of processes, job shop processes and very complex assembly lines are the most suitabl
scheduling system. The paper then shows the management by constraints methodology as a natural enhancement of the OP
Operations managers are now more than ever acutely aware of the importance of Manufacturing Lead Times (MLT). Tremend
increased flexibility, increased responsiveness, decreased work in process (WIP) inventories, improved due date performance
goods inventory can be realized with a shorter MLT. Unfortunately, US manufacturers have not been very successful at effort
especially true for those companies using MRP. In MRP, component lead times are often exaggerated to insure that sufficient
completion of all components. With the exaggeration of component lead times comes an increased manufacturing lead time
accepted weekly time bucket, a product with six levels in its bill of materials requires a minimum of six weeks to manufactur
companies have failed to significantly reduce MLT is the overemphasis on machine utilizations. When plant performance is b
shop floor foremen try to maintain a sufficient level of work in front of their department to ensure that the machines are nev
these large queues at each workcentre, a high level of WIP in the entire plant is maintained. And, due to the direct relationsh
WIP to be discussed later, as the level of WIP increases, a proportional increase in lead time follows.
The literature is reviewed on buffer stock allocation strategies in serial production lines. A number of experiments are condu
of work-in-process inventory given that the objective is to maximise throughput. Both balanced and unbalanced lines are exa
will be repeated for assembly type of production lines (merging lines). A key concept in this article is the long pull (or cons
inventory) Kanban system.
This paper describes a new pull-based production system called CONWIP. Practical advantages of CONWIP over push and oth
Theoretical arguments in favour of the system are outlined and simulation studies are included to give insight into the system
No abstract

Synchronized manufacturing as in the OPT system (Optimized Production Technology, by Creative Output Inc.) is a relatively
management.
This paper analyses the nine OPT rules, the OPT concepts and OPT philosophy in order to establish an analytical, theoretical
analysis is based on systems theory concepts, mathematical programming theory and techniques, as well as queuing theory
Japanese production experience.
It is shown that the OPT rules reflect substantial integration of well established MS/OR techniques with the whole OPT philoso
OPT classification of VAT plants and the Drum-Buffer-Rope concept used in OPT.
Our analysis makes a clear distinction between BIG OPT (the management system) and its subsystem SMALL OPT (the sched
that while the BIG OPT concepts may be applied in all types of processes, job shop processes and very complex assembly lin
for the SMALL OPT scheduling system. The paper then shows the management by constraints methodology as a natural enh
concepts.
No abstract
The need to do better is said to be the motivation behind many companies looking beyond MRP to achieve competitiveness.
improvements is given. The importance of the production process constraints is outlined. Throughput planning is held up as
an early article which does not outline TOC as such but recognises the importance of the constraint in the system. Benefits o
lowering work in process inventories are mentioned. Set-up time reduction is considered. The author walks the reader throug
production schedules. A philosophy of making only that which is required by the customer is mentioned. The TOC concepts o
amount of work in process inventory to achieve the throughput is mentioned. In order to co-ordinate the production process
at a certain time a fixed rate schedule is recommended by the author. Mixed Model Scheduling is mentioned as a means of b
test / finishing schedule. Much of the article considers 70s and 80s manufacturing theory such as line balancing and line load
this paper is dedicated to constraint management. A basic outline is given and reference made to JIT. Goldratt's OPT system
Drum-Buffer-Rope. The paper concludes with the comment that throughput planning is the next step in the evolution of plann
resources. Focusing management attention on improving the rate of conversion of inventory into sales dollars is said to be w
be
OPTmade.
has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Essentially it revolves around a philosophy of identifying the bottlen
and minimising their impact on that system, though it has often been wrongly identified with the proprietary software for ach
Successful implementation of OPT requires a change in the performance measures applied to manufacturing. However, if the
benefits can be obtained equivalent, in many respects, to those claimed for JIT but in a wider range of contexts than those to
apply.
The Theory of Constraints is a new approach to production and inven tory management that has been put forward by Eliyahu
Optimized Production Technology) and Robert Fox. It is based on the very general principles that every system has con strain
production throughput, one first exploits and then removes these constraints. It sounds fairly much like a statement of LP, an
similarities. However, the theory is more general, and in the context of production, where events are stochastic and sequen
LP. It is also significantly different from other approaches used in production and inventory, such as Statistical Inventory Con
Planning, and Just-in-Time, though it is being used successfully in conjunction with the latter two approaches. This talk will de
of the similarities and dif ferences between it and LP.
We discuss bottleneck (or minimax) versions of the generalized assignment problem. The basic problem involves the assignm
number of agents such that each job is performed by a unique agent, and capacity limitations on the agents are not exceede
bottleneck generalized assignment problem (BGAP) are defined. The first of these is called the Task BGAP and has as its obje
maximum of the costs of the assignments that are made. The second version is referred to as the Agent BGAP and has as its
the maximum of the total costs assigned to each agent. Both problems are formulated, and applications are discussed. Proce
BGAP are presented, and one of the procedures is illustrated in an example.
Computerized shop floor scheduling is probably one of the most glaring examples of an area in which the tremendous efforts
number of companies have produced at best only a partial solution. One of the more successful attempts is known as OPT**
technology). This article describes its evolutionary process from basically a computerized Kanban to an attempted computer
Rope technique. The major emphasis will be on the reasoning - gained from the experience of implementing this package - t
quickly to its ultimate conclusion. The real key lies mainly in the conceptual framework under which we run our organization
This paper aims to introduce System Dynamics (SD) in applying Drum Buffer Rope (DBR) methodology of Theory of Constrain
flow shop system that produces a single product. To the best of our knowledge, although there are a lot of TOC applications u
production scheduling with DBR methodology, there are not any TOC application of DBR methodology in production scheduli
We firstly present a conceptual model of the production planning and control and raw material procurement processes of a fl
concept of the Capacity Constraint Resource (CCR), which is the corner stone of the TOC philosophy. Then, we present the st
system under study. According to the results of an illustrative example, it reveals that the driving force of the production and
processes of the flow shop is its CCR schedule. The system response to pulse and wavy changes in demand is examined as w
the simulation results, the efficiency of DBR production scheduling approach is contrasted with the well known anchoring and
Sterman.
citation only
This paper evaluates the statement that hospitality organisations may increase efficiencies and profitability by segmenting t
of importance, for the purpose of providing specialised services. We specifically refer to how customer segmentation compar
proposed by Bowersox and Closs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the basic service approach for hospitality
discuss the background and current state of the customer service environment and provide an opinion of which approach to
preferable. Furthermore, we suggest that the theory of constraints (TOC), can be used to greatly enhance effectiveness of cu
the logistics paradigm.
The theory of constraints (TOC), initiated by Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt, is amanagement philosophy based on the principle of achie
improvement byfocusing on the system constraint. A system constraint will limit the performance ofsystem, thus all efforts s
maximizing the performance of theconstraint. Linear programming can be used as a technique in the TOC process ofcontinu
Introduction : The application of the ideas and methods of Dr E. Goldratt within the production area are well known. Based on
The Race, and his new publication It's Not Luck, numerous companies have implemented these ideas with success. The rece
of Constraints (TOC) and the Thinking Processes (TP) enables those within organisations to develop the ability to maintain an
throughout the company for themselves, and not just in production. In other words, the ability to develop and maintain a pro
improvement throughout the whole company. This paper will draw on the experience of the author in his work with the Goldr
research at Cranfield University.
The field of simulation has developed in such a way that is now possible to build a model that approaches reality. Recent tec
move ahead to see the results of a simulation experiment merging the formal approach with virtual scenarios. A method tha
particular hospital service, formulate a discrete-event model, evaluate and execute a formal simulation experiment producin
this paper. Recent upgrades results points to the direction to considering different views of the most important parties involv
objective of this paper is to describe a simulation carried out by a group of twenty OR post- graduate students at the Federal
COPPE. The medicine distribution system of the pharmacy of a Navy Hospital in Rio de Janeiro is evaluated and a simulation
model is based upon the integration, at the same level of importance, of the viewpoint of three of the most important entitie
distribution process: The patient, the attendants and the medication logistics. It is argued that the synchronization of the life
entities could contribute to improve the performance of the models. The principles of the method have been largely used to
operation of several Brazilian public hospitals.
The outcomes of Lean improvement projects have been variable, with some being successful while others have not. Accordin
potential explanation for this equivocal state is a paradox that can develop depending on the focus of the project. Called the
projects where the focus is on maximizing the efficiency of just a particular resource (resource efficiency), its efficiency wil
overcome this paradox, the aim should be to achieve flow efficiency, where the focus is on the subject of interest being pro
in the most efficient manner. While there is general appreciation of this paradox, it is not clear as to how this arises and wha
To understand how the efficiency paradox arise, we conducted a detailed study of eight Lean improvement projects in two la
Our analysis of the case projects shows that when the emphasis is on constraints that are within the boundary of the defined
efficiency perspective becomes dominant. On the other hand, when the emphasis is on constraints that are external to the b
system then a flow efficiency view is taken. In addition, we identified a set of four key conditions that may be connected to t
these being service variety, interdependency, capital resource intensity and service uniqueness. These key elements are com
four propositions that can guide practitioners in adapting Lean practices to achieve the desired outcomes in more certain an
incorporation of a constraints management view, this study advance the knowledge on Lean applications in variant contexts
URL
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537287.2015.1079744
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1125032
www.iienet2.org/ISEMagazine/details.aspx?id=41635
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2016.1165308
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.309
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of constraints (TOC) is a popula
Journal Artic 2016 UnconstrainiJ. R. Cox, Industrial E Whether you are the patient or the doctor,
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Journal Artic 2016 From TOC toP. Ricardo AGest?o & Re This study http://seer.uscs.edu.br/index.php
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Journal Artic 2016 Bottleneck P. F. SamoueApplied Mat Presenting http://www.sciencedirect.com/sc
Journal Artic 2016 Feasibility R. J. Andrean European Jo Computinghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/sc
Journal Artic 2015 A study of sD. GolmohaInternationaIn this stud http://www.sciencedirect.com/sc
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Journal Artic 2016 A influ?nci M. Nascimen Revista Pro Productionhttps://producaoonline.org.br/rpo
Engineering is originated on ind
tp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(90)90017-g
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tp://www.boazronen.org/PDF/Managing%20Credit%20Collateral.pdf
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tp://w.boazronen.org/PDF/The%20Application%20of%20Focused%20Managment%20in%20the%20Electronics%
continuous improvement that maximises productivity without large capital investments.

news reporting originating from London, United Kingdom, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Despit
tp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1125032
ncer's call to managerial arms is certainly one that their Air Force has heard before, but it is more relevant than
ww.iienet2.org/ISEMagazine/details.aspx?id=41635
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ww.iienet2.org/IndustrialEngineer/details.aspx?id=40935
ww.aviationweek.com/awindefense/us-navy-focuses-digital-tools-aircraft-readiness
his are why healthcare is becoming more open to collaboration with industrial and systems engineers, and this m
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tp://seer.uscs.edu.br/index.php/revista_gestao/article/view/2312
tp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0307904X15007258
tps://producaoonline.org.br/rpo/article/download/2088/1380
20Insurance%20Industry.pdf
%20Managerial%20Approach.pdf
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lding_a_value_enhancing_infrastructure
9788823831957
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dents, research stated, "Despite the increasing popularity of the theory of change (ToC) approach, little is known
re, but it is more relevant than ever. The service took this advice to heart and attempted to institutionalize Total
rigsite=gscholar&cbl=34671
systems engineers, and this month's issue provides a glimpse of that world. Besides the cover story on Page 28
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info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14782
_pieces_of_the_puzzle_toward_sustainable_organizations.pdf
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odel_for_creative_industries_enterprises_development
_tid=623008d2-b28e-11e6-922a-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1480023708_4f935967e6be093640248064f8e6baf2
_tid=de9e73c4-b291-11e6-922a-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1480025205_e9c08debbe42a8f2f42321dc25123f7b
947-1.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fspringerplus.springeropen.com%2Farticle%2F10.1186%2Fs40064-016-29
(ToC) approach, little is known about the extent to which ToC has been used in the design and evaluation of pub
empted to institutionalize Total Quality Management (TQM) in the form of Quality Air Force (QAF) over two decad
des the cover story on Page 28, The Front Line features an interview with a co-author of an Institute of Medicine
e6be093640248064f8e6baf2
be42a8f2f42321dc25123f7b
%2F10.1186%2Fs40064-016-2947-1&token2=exp=1480023846~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F205%2Fart%25253A
e design and evaluation of public health interventions.
Air Force (QAF) over two decades ago, only to see the program wither and die after extensive effort to make it w
thor of an Institute of Medicine report that touts systems thinking, along with detailing a new book about the em
2Fpdf%2F205%2Fart%25253A10.1186%25252Fs40064-016-2947-1.pdf*~hmac=03eb8bbb15c6e80dfaeb612d5
er extensive effort to make it work. This article is not a critique of the validity of any of those methodologies be
ailing a new book about the emerging feld of health systems engineering.
03eb8bbb15c6e80dfaeb612d5194ac6ad781e28ea07e94fe35e8b925d83fc5af
any of those methodologies because all of them bring very relevant capability to improving processes. Rather, it
mproving processes. Rather, it is a critique of returning to that managerial mind-set that helped doom QAF. Ope
set that helped doom QAF. Operational units could use CPI and could employ the principles in AFSO21 but prefer
principles in AFSO21 but preferably by employing a version that does not take time away from mission preparat
me away from mission preparation/execution and that is specifically tailored for their culture. Ideally, new metho
eir culture. Ideally, new methods should simply reorganize those duties into a more streamlined structure.
re streamlined structure.

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