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MATERIAL HANDLING

MATERIALS HANDLING
I. INTRODUCTION
Material handling is a field involving the transport, storage, and control of goods and
products throughout the processes of manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal of
all related materials.

Factors to consider in Selecting the Material Handling Equipment:


1. Properties of the Material
2. Layout and Characteristic of the building
3. Production Flow
4. Cost Considerations
5. Nature of Operations

6. Engineering Factors
7. Equipment reliability

II. MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM EQUATION

Before planning, one should be very clear about perspective, material handling equation which
emphasizes the necessity of careful analyzing both the material to be handled and the move to
be made before selecting method.
MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATION
Mechanized System
Most mechanized systems combine different handling devices
Moderate fixed and variable cost with good flexibility

Automated System

Automated materials handling (AMH) refers to any automation that reduces or eliminates
the need for humans to check-in, check-out, sort material, or to move totes and bins
containing library material.

Highest fixed cost, lowest variable and labor cost with low flexibility

The mechanical equipment used in AMH systems includes:

o check-in o singulators o bins


machines
o stackers o trolleys
o sorters and
unstackers o tote carriers
o conveyors
o totes

-ABANADOR ASA PATENIA NALUZ 1


o

Semi-automated System

High fixed cost, low variable cost with low flexibility

Information-directed System

Moderate fixed and variable cost with high flexibility and utilization

III. FOUR MAIN CATEGORIES MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT


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1. Storage And Handling Equipment


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2. Engineered Systems

o An engineered system is one that is


typically automated. Such systems are also usually created from a variety of
units. When combined, they work to enable both storage and transportation.
AUTOMATED STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
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o Their common feature is the ability to quickly and directly access each designated
storage location.
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CONVEYORS
o Flat belt conveyor - suitable for lower capacity, low speed requirement
and for handling unit goods or bulk material of small lump size and higher
angle of repose.
o Belt conveyor- is typically used in package handling, raw material
handling, and small part handling.
o Minimum Pressure Conveyor - is used in short sections of
accumulation, general transport of product, and is ideal for medium to
light loads such as package handling applications.
o Drag Chain - is typically used for handling extremely heavy loads, special
pallet configurations, and extremely low- to high-temperature areas.
o Roller Roller pallet conveyor is typically used for handling extremely
heavy loads and is ideal for accumulation zones in pack out areas.
o
AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLES
- AGVs do not require an operator
- Good for high labor cost, hazardous, or environmentally sensitive conditions (e.g., clean-
room)
- AGVs good for low-to-medium volume medium-to-long distance random material flow
operations (e.g., transport between work cells in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
environment)
a. Tow AGV - Used to pull a train of trailers
b. Unit Load AGV - Have decks that can be loaded manually or automatically
c. Assembly AGV - Used as assembly platforms (e.g., car chassis, engines, appliances)
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Hand Truck

o Dolly - Three or more wheeled hand truck with a flat platform in which, since it has no
handles, the load is used for pushing
o Floor Hand Truck - Four or more wheeled hand truck with handles for pushing
or hitches for pulling. Sometimes referred to as a "cart" or "(manual) platform
truck".
Pallet Jack - Front wheels are mounted inside the end of the forks and extend to the floor
as the pallet is only lifted enough to clear the floor for subsequent travel
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Walkie Stacker
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Pallet Truck - Same pallet restrictions as a pallet jack
- Control handle typically tilts to allow operator to walk during
loading/unloading
- Powered pallet jack is sometimes referred to as a "(walkie) pallet
truck"
Platform Truck - used to provide support for nonpalletized loads
- Used for skid handling; platform can lift skid several inches to allow it
to clear the floor
- Greater lifting capacity compared to fork trucks because the platform

o Counterbalanced (CB) Lift Truck

o
Narrow-Aisle (NA) Straddle Truck
- Similar to stand-up CB lift truck, except outrigger arms straddle a load and are used to
support the load instead of the counterbalance of the truck
o

Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach Truck


- Similar to both stand-up CB lift truck and NA straddle truck
- Load rests on the outrigger arms during transport, but a pantograph (scissors)
mechanism is used for reaching, thereby eliminating the need to straddle the load during
stacking
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Turret Truck
- Greater stacking height compared to other narrow-aisle trucks (40 ft. vs. 25 ft.), but
greater investment cost
- Can function like a sideloader for transporting greater-than-pallet-size load
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Order Picker
- Typically has forks to allow the truck to be used for pallet stacking and to support a pallet
during less-than-pallet-load picking
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Sideloader
- Can be used to handle greater-than-pallet-size loads (e.g., bar stock)
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Tractor-Trailer
- Non-load-carrying tractor used to pull a train of trailers (i.e., dollies or floor hand trucks)
- Extends the transporting capacity of floor hand trucks
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Personnel and Burden Carrier
- Non-load-carrying vehicle used to transport personnel within a facility (e.g., golf cart,
bicycle, etc.)
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Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV)
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o Bulk Handling Material Equipment

o Some equipment used in Bulk Handling:


o Stackers - are bulk stockpiling machines that are used to stack material in
stockyards in different shapes according to specific requirements.
o Reclaimers - Reclaimers are also large pieces of machinery. They are used to
recover bulk material that has been placed in a stockpile.
o Bucket elevators - Elevating products to processing or storage is easy with our
industrial duty bucket elevators
o Hoppers - Hoppers are wide, bin-like entries that help feed bulk materials into
other machines.
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