INTEGRATION OF NEURAL NETWORK FOR

GEOLOGICAL FACIES CLASSIFICATION IN BUJANG

FIELD, MALAY BASIN

ADRINA CHIN CHUI MAE

ADRINA CHIN CHUI MAE
SEPTEMBER 2016
SV: PROF. DR. DEVA GHOSH
CO-SV: AP WAN ISMAIL WAN YUSOFF
MAIN SUPERVISOR : DR DEVA GHOSH
CO-SUPERVISOR: AP WAN ISMAIL WAN YUSOFF
 BACKGROUND OF STUDY, PROBLEM
STATEMENT & SCOPE OF STUDY

LITERATURE REVIEW

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PROJECTS KEY MILESTONE

RESULT & DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION
& RECOMMENDATIONS
 Malay Basin Background

Malay basin is Located east coast of Peninsular Malaysia in

NW-SE direction

It is about 500 km long and 250 km wide and structurally is

asymmetrical.

Two main depositional setting for source rocks

1. Lacustrine : Charge Group L, J and k
2. Fluviodeltaic : Best Developed in group I

Three phase of formation identified:

1. Extensional
2. Subsidence
3. Compression
Figure 1: Location of Malay Basin in east coast of peninsular Malaysia, and
its stratigraphic chart
 Bujang Field Background

Age: Upper Oligocene-Late Miocene

Fluvial Coastal/ offshore shales
Fluvial sediments well preserved by
marine infills
Transpressions created anticlines which
are most important HC traps in the
province
Discovered in and _ wells
Structurally domal anticline

Figure 2: Location of Bujang field in Malay Basin highlighted in blue

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Figure 3: Depositional model and 3D seismic image of a transitional depositional environment
(may be similar to Bujang field)
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Subtle Geological Features

Well log data may not be able to display subtle geological features in complex
settings

High interpretation uncertainty

Dependence on seismic and well log data for shallow gas region gives high
uncertainty on interpretation

Single attribute analysis insufficient for gas zone

Individual seismic attribute analysis is insufficient for defining sand bodies in gas
zone

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 OBJECTIVE

Main Objective
To build a relationship between geology and geophysics by employing neural
network theory with the integration of multiple seismic attributes for geological
facies classification.

Specific Objective
1. To classify lithology of the Bujang field based on gamma ray on well domain
2. To apply the seismic facies classification workflow using neural network for the
Bujang field
3. To identify which seismic attribute is most suitable in delineating subtle
geological features
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 SCOPE OF STUDY

1. EOD study of Bujang Field

To accurately predict the type of facies obtained by the neural network theory

And recognize any abnormal events or geological structures which is irrelevant of the fields
depositional environment

2. Analysis of neural network theory applied on the seismic dataset

To analyze how neural network theory determines the number of seismic attribute

Ensuring that the result obtained is logical and non-bias to any available data.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Seismic attributes require special attention because a random choice may produce unexpected results
(Hesthammer et al., 2001; Hart, 2002; Barnes, 2007).

2. Moreover, the efficiency of computational techniques depends on the quality of their input (Fehmers
and Hcker, 2003; Haykin, 2008).

3. The suggested alternative, which is the neural network method, have proven to be useful in reservoir
characterization, as shown in An and Moon (1993), Sandham and Leggett (2003), and Herrera et al. (2006).

4. It is well suited for use with seismic data because of its ability to screen out noise and identify
representative clusters of seismic waveforms within diversified time intervals (Poupon et al., 2004).

5. The feed-forward network possesses the ability to predict both continuous values (such as porosity), as
well as discrete values (such as the facies class number) (Zhao et al.,2015)

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 6. Multivariate statistics, classification and neural networks do not assume an underlying model, but

LITERATURE REVIEW
instead try to build the relationships directly from the data (Russell, B., 2013)

7. Studies of well-log data prediction from seismic attributes have been applied to siliciclastic
reservoirs using neural network algorithm, e.g., Dorrington and Link (2004), Hampson et al. (2001),
and Valenti (2009)

8. These studies show the methods that can identify channels in sandstone reservoirs and high-
porosity intervals using a smoothing filter after or before training.

Figure 4 (a): Multilinear regression result on Figure 4 (b): Neural network result on porosity
porosity identification identification

Adapted from Hampson et al. (2001)

Figure 5: Predicted Reservoir Porosity from Multiple Seismic Attributes from
Multilinear Regression (Top) and Neural Network (Bottom) (Russell, B. 2013.)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

LITHOLOG GENERATION NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATION

Identify
logs to be Select logical Input
utilized for arguments lithology
classes: for each logs log, seismic
Brine sand, in their and Generate
HC sand, specific impedance multiattribute
Shale classes volume analysis

Determine Apply on well Generate Apply

limits of logs, obtain single program
selected best settings for attribute on
logs for the unclassified analysis original
three data < 0.5 % for seismic
classes lithology volume
classes

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Neural Network Workflow

Figure 6: Neural network workflow (Ohm Group, December 2008) 14

 PROJECT ACTIVITIES & KEY MILESTONE

PROJECT START FYP 2

SEISMIC DATA QC,
WELL LOG QC, TRAINING OF NEURAL
STRUCTURAL PROJECT END
INTERPRETATION AND NETWORK
INTERPRETATION, TDR
CORRELATION CONVERSION

WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10 WEEK 5 WEEK 8 WEEK 11 WEEK 12

MULTI-ATTRIBUTE SEISMC
SEISMIC- WELL TIE ANALYSIS
SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE
GENERATION
CROSS-VALIDATION OF RESULT,
FACIES MAP GENERATION

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RESULT & DISCUSSIONS
 Seismic-Well Tie
The objective is to tie well data measured in unit of
depth and seismic data measured in unit of time

Inputs for generating seismic well tie:

1. Calibrated Sonic log

Sonic log E36 COAL
Check shots BASE

2. Density log
3. Synthetic wavelet
4. Bujang 3D Full Stack

Figure 7: Seismic well-tie using Bujang 4 well17

 Well log correlation

Figure 8: Well log correlation (B2, B4, B5) 18

 Horizon & Fault Interpretation

Figure 9: Horizon and fault interpretation for Bujang field

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 Bujang 2 Litholog

Figure 10: Lithology classes displayed on GR log; magenta, shale; green, brine sand; orange, HC
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sand (Bujang 2 well)
 Bujang 4 Litholog

Figure 11: Lithology classes displayed on GR log; magenta, shale; green, brine sand; orange, HC sand
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(Bujang 4 well)
 B5 Litholog

Figure 12: Lithology classes displayed on GR log; magenta, shale; green, brine sand; orange, HC sand
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(Bujang 5 well)
 EMERGE MODULE (NEURAL NETWORK)

EMERGE SINGLE MULTIPLE NEURAL NEURAL

TRAINING ATTRIBUTE ATTRIBUTE NETWORK NETWORK
INPUT GENERATION GENERATION TRAINING VALIDATION

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Emerge Training Input

Figure 13 : Emerge Training Input 24

 Single Attribute Generation

Figure 14 : Single Attribute Generations list error and application/ validation plot
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 Single Attribute Generation

Error=0.648823

Correlation=0.215704

Figure 15 : Single Attribute cross plots regression error and correlation value
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(Integrated Absolute Amplitude vs lithology)
 Multiple Attribute Generation

Error=0.243389

Correlation=0.455508

Figure 16: Multiple Attribute Generation error plot, training and validation error;
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regression error and correlation value (actual lithology vs predicted lithology)
 Neural Network Training & Validation

0.252451

Error=0.226043

Correlation=0.94392

Figure 17: Neural Network Training & Validation application / validation plot;
regression error and correlation value (actual lithology vs predicted lithology) 28
 RESULT & DISCUSSION

BUJANG 4

BUJANG 2
BUJANG 5

Figure 18: Horizon slice of E36 Coal Base with Lithology Classes. (Red:Brine Sand; Green:
Hydrocarbon Sand; Blue: Shale 29
 RESULT & DISCUSSION

Figure 19: Comparison of PETRONAS fluid distribution and neural

networks lithology facies cross sectional view for Bujang 2 30
 CONCLUSIONS

Applying PNN on Bujang

Lithology Classification Advantages of PNN
field
LithoSI module defined 5 best sesmic Able to predict other
brine sand, HC sand attribute are logs such as lithology
and shale accurately identified: and porosity logs
B2 no unclassified a. cosine Utilizes other
B4 -0.1% unclassified instantaneous phase attributes besides
B5 0.1% unclassified b. Apparent polarity conventional stacks
c. Dominant Does not rely on
frequency particular forward
d. Integrated absolute model
amplitude Can achieve greatly
Inverse of inversion enhanced resolution
data Uses cross-validation
as a measure of
success
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 RECOMMENDATIONS

Reprocessing of To reduce effect of the major gas cloud present at

seismic data the center of field

Integration of To provide a probability index

geostatistical Estimates the confidence level in the prediction
methods obtained

Cross-reference
Integrate information such as sequence stratigraphy
seismic data with
and biostratigraphy instead of only wireline logs
other information

Rock physics Apply on wireline logs to obtain comparable rock and

study fluid type

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GANTT CHART

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 REFERENCES

1. Ghosh, D. P. et al. (2010). Geophysical Issues and Challenges in Malay and Adjacent Basins from an E&P
perspective. The Leading Edge, April.

2. Ghosh, D. P. et al. (2014). Seismic Attributes Add a New Dimension to Prospect Evaluation And
Geomorphology Offshore Malaysia. The Leading Edge, May.

3. Liew, K. K. (1996). Structural analysis of the Malay Basin (abstract). Warta Geologi, Geological Society
of Malaysia Newsletter, 22(3), 217218.

4. Mansor, M. Y., Rahman, A. H. A. and Menier, D. (2014). The Malay Basin Ridge & Graben Model: A Five -
Fold Tectono - Stratigraphic Sub - Division. (1999), 25.

5. Latimer, R. B. (2006). Multi-attribute Seismic Volume Facies Classification For Predicting Fractures In
Carbonate Reservoirs. The Leading Edge, June.
6. Singh, V. B. et al. (2004). Facies Classification Based On Seismic Waveform-a Case Study From
Mumbai High North. 5th Conference & Exposition on petroleum geophysics, Hyderabad, 456-462.

7. Tang, H. (2008). Improved Carbonate Reservoir Facies Classification Using Artificial Neural Network
Method. Canadian International Petroleum Conference.

8. Hampson, D. P., J. S. Schuelke, and J. A. Quirein, (2001). Use Of Multiattribute Transforms To Predict
Log Properties From Seismic Data. Geophysics, 66 (1), 220236

9. Cerssimo, D. S., Ravazzoli, C. L., and Martnez, R. G. (2016). Prediction of Lateral Variations in
Reservoir Properties throughout an Interpreted Seismic Horizon Using an Artificial Neural Network.
The Leading Edge 35(3): 26569
THANK YOU
Q&A session