STEELWORK DESIGN (CON4334)- SOLUTION

Q1.
From Table 9.5 & 9.6, ps = 375 N/mm2, pbb = 1000 N/mm2, and pbs = 550 N/mm2

Bolt capacity:
Shear capacity of bolts:
Double shear capacity on threads
Ps = 2psAs = 2*375*353*10-3= 2*132.4 = 264.8 kN per bolt

Comparing main plate thickness 22 mm and TWO cover plate thickness 2 x 12 =

24 mm, tp = 22 mm

Bolt: Bearing capacity of bolts

Pbb = pbb*d* tp = 1000*24*22*10-3 = 528 kN per bolt

Plate: Bearing capacity

For Grade S355, pbs = 550 N/mm2 and Us = 510 N/mm2,
For standard hole, kbs = 1.0, d = 20 mm, tp = 22 mm, e = 40 mm
Net distance between the bearing edge and the near edge of adjacent
holes in the direction of load transfer Ic = 60 26 = 34 mm
For grade 8.8, Ub = 800 N/mm2, therefore,
Pbs = kbs d tp pbs = 1.0 x 24 x 22 x 550 x 10-3 = 290.4 kN
Pbs = 0.5 kbs e tp pbs = 0.5 x 1.0 x 40 x 22 x 550 x 10-3 = 242 kN
& Pbs = 1.5 Ic tp Us 2.0 d tp Ub = 1.5 x 34 x 22 x 510 x 10-3 = 572.2 kN
2.0 x 24 x 22 x 800 x 10-3 = 844.8 kN
Hence bearing capacity of connecting part = 242 kN per bolt

Overall bolt capacity

Overall bolt capacity = 242 per bolt (Bearing capacity governs)

No. of bolt required = 750 / 242 = 3.1
Use 6 nos. 24 mm dia. Bolts is adequate.

Check bolt layout:

Min. spacing = 2.5d = 2.5*24 = 60 mm.
Max spacing = lesser of 12 t ( = 12 x 12 = 144 mm) or 150 mm
Spacing provided = 60 mm O.K.
Spacing perpendicular to direction of load = 70 mm
< 3 x bolt diameter = 72 mm
NOT O.K.
Increase the bolt spacing to 75 mm and hence the new edge distance is 75/2 mm.

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 STEELWORK DESIGN (CON4334)- SOLUTION

Min. end and edge distance, rolled edge = 30 mm (Table 9.3)

Edge distance provided = 37.5 mm O.K.
End distance provided = 40 mm, O.K.
275
Max. edge distance = 11t1 = 11*12* = 116 mm > 37.5 mm
355
O.K.
275
= 11t2 = 11*22* = 216 mm > 37.5 mm
345
O.K.
Check Strength of Plates

Check Main plate only as it is more critical. (22mm < 12*2 = 24 mm)
Gross area = 150*22 = 3300 mm2
Design strength py = 345 N/mm2 for 16 mm < t 40 mm
Effective area Ae = Ke*net area = 1.1*22*(150 2*26) = 2371 mm2
gross area = 3000 mm2

Capacity Pt = Ae*py = 2371*345*10-3 = 818 kN > 750 kN O.K.

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 STEELWORK DESIGN (CON4334)- SOLUTION

Q2.

Welding strength:
Use 6 mm fillet weld,
Strength of weld = 0.7*leg length*pw / 1000 kN/mm
= 0.7*6*250/1000 = 1.05 kN/mm

Length required = 850 / 1.05 = 810 mm

Balance the weld on 4 sides, length required = 810/4 = 202.5 mm
Add 2s to the weld length, hence weld length on each side
= 202.5 + 2*6 = 214.5 mm (say 220mm)

Min. lap length = 5*12 = 60 mm < 220 mm O.K.

Min. length of return = 2*6 = 12 mm
Provide 15 mm return O.K.

Weld length on each side transverse spacing between welds = 130 mm

Provide 220 mm O.K.

Check Strength of Plates

Main plates:
Gross area = 150*22 = 3300 mm2
Design strength py = 345 N/mm2 for 16 mm < t 40 mm

Capacity Pt = Ae*py = 3300*345 = 1138.5 kN > 850 kN O.K.

Each cover plate:

Gross area = 130*12 = 1560 mm2
Design strength py = 355 N/mm2 for t < 16 mm

Capacity Pt = Ae*py = 1560*355 = 553.8 kN each plate

Therefore the capacity of TWO cover plates = 2*553.8 = 1107.6 kN
> 850 kN O.K.

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Q3

Ultimate Load P = 200 kN on the whole bracket

Hence ultimate load P on one plate = 200/2 = 100 kN

Bolt group x 2 8 * 50 2 2 *10 4

y 2 4 * 50 2 1502 10 *10 4
x 2 y 2 2 10*10 4 1.2 *105
r = (502 + 1502)0.5 = 158.1 mm
cos = 50 / 158.1 = 0.316

Bolt at the corner is subjected to highest load:

Load due to moment
Pe r1 100 * 0.3 *10 3 *158.1
FT 39.5 kN
( x 2 y 2 ) 1.2 *10 5

Load due to shear

P 100
Fs 12.5 kN
No. of bolts 8

Resultant load on bolt

FR Fs FT 2 Fs FT cos
2 2

12.5 2 39.5 2 2 *12.5 * 39.5 * 0.316 45.0 kN

Try M16 grade 8.8 bolts

Ps = ps*As = 375*157*10-3 = 58.9 kN > 45.0 kN O.K.

As the end distance and size of column are not given, the checking of bearing
capacity is NOT required.

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 STEELWORK DESIGN (CON4334)- SOLUTION

Q4.

Conditions to be satisfied:
Fs F
Fs Ps , FT Pnom , T 1.4
Ps Pnom

Design Load P = 1.4*200 + 1.6*150 = 520 kN

Single shear capacity on threads,

Ps = ps As = 375*245*10-3 = 91.9 kN

Tension capacity,
Pnom = 0.8 pt As = 0.8*560*245*10-3 = 109.8 kN

Use approximate method of analysis for conservative results.

y 2 2 * 60 2 1202 1802 2402 3002 2 *198 *103 396 *103 mm 2

The maximum bolt tension is at the top bolt:

Pe y1 520 * 250 * 300

FT 98.5 kN Pnom 109.8 kN
y2 396 *103

The vertical shear per bolt:

P 520
Fs 43.3kN Ps 91.9 kN
No. of bolts 12

Fs F 43.3 98.5
T 0.471 0.897 1.368 1.4
Ps Pnom 91.9 109.8

The bolts are satisfactory.

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Q5.

Design Ultimate Load = 350 kN

a1 = area of connected leg = 2 x 62 x 6 = 744 mm2

a2 = area of unconnected leg = 2 x 47 x 6 = 564 mm2
Ae = 744 + 564 = 1308 mm2

For double angles connected on both sides of a gusset plate,

Tension capacity Pt = py (Ae 0.15 a2)

= 355 (1308 0.15 x 564) x 10-3 = 434.3 kN
> 350 kN
The angle is satisfactory.

Try 6 mm fillet weld, strength = 1.05 kN/mm

Length required = 350/1.05 = 333 mm
Hence weld length for each angle = 333 /2 = 167 mm.

From section table, centroid is 20.4 mm from side X, the weld on each side
should be balanced according to the centroidal axis.

Side X, length = 167 x 44.6 / 65 = 115 mm

Add 2s, final length = 115 + 2*6 = 127 mm, say 130 mm

Side Y, length = 167 115 mm = 52 mm

Add 2s, final length = 52 + 2*6 = 64 mm, say 65 mm O.K.

Provide 15 mm for the returns.

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Q6.

Design Load on the whole bracket = (1.4*350 + 1.6+300) = 970 kN

Design Load P on ONE plate = 970 / 2 = 485 kN

Eccentricity e = 200 + 200/2 = 300 mm

Weld Length L = 2*(200 +300) = 1000 mm

r 100 2 150 2 180.3 mm

Moment of inertia:
3003 200 * 300 2
Ix 1.35 *107 mm3
6 2
3 2
200 200 * 300
Iy 7.333 *10 6 mm3
6 2
Ip = (13.5 + 7.333)*106 = 20.833*106 mm3
100
cos 0.555
180.3

Direct shear Fs = 485/1000 = 0.485 kN/mm

Shear due to torsion on weld at corner:

485 * 300 *180.3
FT 1.259 kN/mm
20.833 *10 6

Resultant shear:
FR 0.485 2 1.259 2 2 * 0.485 *1.259 * 0.555 1.581 kN/mm

Required leg length or weld size = required strength of weld*103/(0.7pw)

=1.581*1000/(0.7*250) = 9.0 mm
Use 10 mm fillet weld

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Q7.

Assume the flanges resist the bending moment and the weld resists the shear
force.

The flange welds resist the moment

Pe 600 250
F 1.67 kN/mm
DB 528.3 190 2 10

Required leg length or weld size = (Required strength of weld)*103/(0.7pw)

= 1.67*1000/(0.7*250) = 9.5 mm
Use 10 mm fillet weld for flanges

The web welds resist the shear:

P 600
F 0.91 kN/mm
2a 2 340 2 6

Required leg length or weld size = (Required strength of weld)*103/(0.7pw)

= 0.91*1000/(0.7*250) = 5.2 mm
Use 6 mm fillet weld for flanges

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