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1 Student, M.E. Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering ARMIET, Sapgaon, Maharashtra, India
2 A.P Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Terna Engineering College, Nerul, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - According to federal communication band like WLAN and WiMAX. Therefore some means
commission (FCC) rules, the 3.1 - 10.6 GHz band is should be provided for avoiding this interference. One of
the most suitable solutions is a UWB antenna integrated
allocated to the ultra wideband (UWB) applications.
with band notch characteristics. There are different
Due to the overlap of the currently allocated UWB methods to achieve band notch characteristics for UWB
frequency band with the communication systems such antennas which are available in literature.
as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands in the In this paper, some of these methods are considered.
2.4GHz(2.42.484GHz), 5.2GHz (5.155.35GHz),and
5.8GHz(5.7255.825GHz) bands, and the World This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 the various
methods for achieving band notch characteristics are
Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) system
reviewed and the in table 1 shows the comparison
bands 2.5GHz(2.52.69GHz), 3.5GHz (3.43.69GHz), and between the bands notched UWB antennas, section 3
5.8GHz (5.255.825GHz). Therefore, an unwanted present our conclusion.
intrusion will be expected between these frequencies,
now a days many systems operate across several 2. METHODS FOR ACHIEVING BAND NOTCH
frequency bands, requiring a band-notched or band- CHARACTERISTICS
rejected function. The band notching techniques used in
the recent papers are tuning stub,shaped slot, parasitic To reduce the effect of interference from narrow band
element, and the fractal geometry. In this paper a services like WLAN and WiMAX, UWB antennas with band
comparison will be done between these techniques. notch characteristics are good solution
In reference [3] inserting a U-shaped slot in the half
elliptical ring radiating patch a notch band 5.12 GHz to
Key Words: UWB, Band Notching, UWB Microstrip
5.99 GHz was realised. in reference [4]The band-notch
Antenna, Study. functions are realized by Loading two approximate half-
wavelength U-shaped slots which change the current
1. INTRODUCTION distribution on the Y-shaped patch. In reference [ 5], For a
micro strip fed annular ring UWB a antenna, band notch
There is a rapid development in UWB technology in recent property for WLAN and DSRC (dedicated short range
years since the use of UWB in the range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz communication) can be achieved by etching a partial
was unlicensed by the Federal Communication annular slot in the antenna radiator.
Commission (FCC) in 2002. UWB has a very wide In reference [6] a CPW fed UWB by etching two nested
bandwidth of 7.5 GHZ (from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz) compared to C-shaped slots in the patch, band-notching in the
many other existing wireless communication standards. WiMAX/WLAN bands are achieved. It is seen that by
Ultra wideband technology has been used in a wide range adjusting the total length of the C-shaped slot to be
of applications such as radars, telemetry, navigation, approximately half-wavelength of the desired notched
biomedical systems, mobile satellite communications, the frequency, a destructive interference can take place,
direct broadcast system (DBS), global positioning systems causing the antenna to nonresponsive at that frequency.
(GPS), and remote sensing UWB technology has several Therefore it is easy to tune the notch centre frequency by
advantages like low cost, high data rates and low average changing total length of C-shaped slot.
radiated power In reference [7] a compact UWB monopole antenna with
two meandered slots on a semi-elliptical radiator. This
UWB applications can coexist with other narrowband produces notch at 3.5 GHz and at 5.25 GHz.
communication standards that occupy the same spectrum In this reference [8] Hilbert-curve slots are etched on the
due to the limitation of power level. But this will causes a radiating patch is to have band-notched properties in the
severe interference between the UWB systems and narrow
WiMAX/WLAN bands. The notched bands are from 3.3 to 2 Microstrip WLAN loading two [4]
3.7 GHz and from 5.4 to 6 GHz .The Hilbert-curve slots fed UWB and approximate
works as the LC resonator whose resonance frequency Antenna WiMAX half
depends on its geometrical size. wavelength U-
In reference [9] the antenna consists of etching three shaped slots
CSRRs a large portion of electromagnetic energy of the 3 UWB WLA N A partial [5]
antenna at 2.37-2.9, 3.27-3.76, 5.2-5.89, and 8.06-8.8 GHz micro DSRC annular slot at
bands has been stored in each CSRR as a non-radiating strip fed the lower
energy so that the radiation efficiency was dropped over antenna portion of the
the rejection bands. The mutual coupling among the band ring radiator
rejection elements is minimized. 4 CPW-fed 3.33.8 Etching of two [6]
In this paper [10] a CPW fed UWB planar monopole band- planar GHz nested
notched characteristics are obtained by embedding split UWB C-shaped slots
ring resonator (SRR) array at the slot region between antenna 56 GHz in the radiating
antenna and ground plane. The presence of SRR array acts patch.
as cascaded parallel LC circuit. This gives high input 5 compact 3.33.7 Two [7]
impedance to the incoming signal corresponding to its UWB GHz and meandered
resonance frequency thereby causing reflection. This monopole 5.12 slots
reflection of signal in the unwanted region creates the antenna 5.37 GHz
band notch to reject the IEEE 802.11 and HIPERLAN/2A 6 CPW fed 3.3 Hilbert-curve
frequencies. UWB 3.7GHz shaped slot [8]
In reference[11]band-notched characteristics are obtained antenna and
by placing Microstrip feed line between two pairs of EBG 5.4-6
cells which acts as stop-band filters with good rejection at GHz
two frequency bands of WiMAX from3.375 GHz to 3.875 7 CPW fed 2.37-2.9 three [9]
GHz LAN from 5.325 GHz to 6.150 GHz. It is also seen that UWB GHz, co-directional
the radiation efficiency of the antenna with EBGs was antenna 3.27- CSRRs
slightly decreased because of the effect of the EBG 3.76 GHz
structure. 5.2-5.89
In reference [12],a tuning line resonator is used in the GHz
CWP fed of antenna to act as a band-stop filter, hence 8.06-8.8
enabling the rejection of any undesired band within the GHz
pass band of the antenna. The tuning stub is folded over 8 CPW fed WLAN Split ring [10]
the transmission line. Therefore the electro-magnetic field monopole HIPERL resonator
will be coupled and the effective length of the stub would UWB AN/2A
be slightly more than its actual size the use of the antenna
resonator in the feeder of the antenna efficiently rejects 9 Microstrip 3.375 two pairs of [11]
undesired sub-band of 4.9-5.9 GHz. fed UWB 3.875 EBG cells are
In reference [13] the proposed antenna is fed by Antenna GHz and placed along
microstrip line, and it consists of square radiating patch on 5.325 the Microstrip
the top layer with a slotted-parasitic patch on the bottom 6.150 feed line
layer of the antenna. The parasitic patch acts as a notch GHz
filtering element to reject the desired frequency band 5.15 10 CPW fed 4.9 - 5.9 tuning stub [12]
- 5.825 GHz. In [14] a CPW fed UWB antenna which is UWB GHz
terminated to a fractal patch. It has a simple structure with antenna
only one layer of dielectric substrate and metallization. It
has notched band from 4.65 to 6.08 GHz. The table-1 gives 11 Microstrip 5.15- Parasitic [13]
the comparison of band notch antennas. fed UWB 5.825 Element
Table -1: Comparison between band notch antennas Antenna GHz
Sr Antenna Notched Technique Referenc 12 CWP fed 4.65 to fractal patch [14]
UWB 6.08 GHz
no type band used e paper
Antenna
1 UWB 5.12 GHz U-shaped slot [3]
monopole to 5.99 inserted in the
antenna GHz radiation patch