EPOKA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

CE 490 - SPECIAL TOPICS IN CIVIL

ENGINEERING

-ASSIGNMENT #1-
DESIG OF A 5 SPAN CONTINUOUS BEAM THROUGH
EC-2

Submitted to: Enea MUSTAFARAJ, PhD Prepared by: Izet MEHMETAJ

ID: 42031603

Spring semester 2017

CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

CONTENTS 
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 2 
MODELLING USING ETABS ............................................................................................................. 3 
BEAM DESIGN .................................................................................................................................... 13 
COLUMN DESIGN .............................................................................................................................. 14 

SOLID SLAB DESIGN ........................................................................................................................ 14 

STRUCTURE MODELLING USING SAP2000 ................................................................................. 15 

DESIGN ANALYSIS............................................................................................................................ 16 
BILL OF QUANTITY .......................................................................................................................... 26 
APPENDIXES........................................................................................................................................ 27 

Page 1 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

Reinforced concrete design project of a 5

story residential building
INTRODUCTION

This report outlines the structural design of a real 5-storey reinforced concrete building through EN-2.
The modeling and analysis of the structure is made using ETABS. The framing arrangement as well as
column locations of the building were taken with the reference to the provided architectural drawings
(Appendix I-VIII). The structure system of this residential building is a reinforced concrete frame where
a shear wall encase the elevator shaft.
The details of the design include:
- Beam sizes: - Slab thickness:
 500x400 mm C25/30  200 mm C20/25
- Column sizes: - Story height:
 500x500 mm C25/30  Ground floor: 3,3 m
 Other floors: 3 m

Characteristics of the values of actions include:

 Dead load
 Live load: q= 2 kN/m2 (EN 1, table 6.2, category A of loaded areas).
 Shtresat: weight of slab layers taken as 1,94 kN/m2 with ref. to “Material per Workshop, Endri
Zhuleku”; type: dead load.
 Muret 12 cm: weigh of internal partition walls of 12 cm thickness taken as 1,2 kN/m2 with ref.
to “Material per Workshop, Endri Zhuleku”. type: super dead.
 Muret 30 cm: weight of the external surrounding walls taken as 3,0 kN/m with ref. to “Material
per Workshop, Endri Zhuleku”; type: super dead.
 EQX earthquake load in X direction; type seismic.
 EQY earthquake load in Y direction; type seismic.

Earthquake parameters considered are:

 ag/g = 0,25
 ground type C
 behavior factor 4, 68

Page 2 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

MODELLING USING ETABS

A step by step procedure for ETABS modeling is provided as below:
1. Open the ETABS program.
2. Click on the file menu →New model. A new table Model Idealization will appear and click on
Use Saved User Default Settings

3. Then New Model Quick Templates will be displayed where the grid line and spacing between
lines as well as story height are set.

4. After that the grid needs to be modified as per structural plan of the building. To do that click
on Edit → Edit stores and grid systems. Than click on Modify/Show Story data→Refresh View
to edit stores. Also click Modify/Show Grid data→OK to edit grid line spacings.

Page 3 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

5. Click the Define Menu → Material properties. Add new material C20/25 and C30/37 to define
the concrete properties.

6. Using Define → Section properties to determine the section columns, beams wall/slab.

Page 4 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

7. Then the model is generated. The beam is drawn using Draw

Beam//Brace Command by defining the Properties of Object.
The column is drawn using Draw Beam//Brace Command by
defining the Properties of Object.

a. Draw the Slabs on the plan view: Draw → Draw

Floor/Wall objects → Quick Draw Floor/Wall, then
select the previously defined slab from the (Properties
of Object).

b. Draw the Shear walls/base walls on the plan view:

Draw → Draw Floor/Wall objects → Quick Draw
Floor/Wall, then select the previously defined wall
from the (Properties of Object).

8. Click on Define → Diaphragms

a. Diaphragms D0 → Modify/show diaphragm
b. Rigidity → Rigid → OK

9. Define Loads: Go into (Define → Load patterns)

a. The dead and live load are defined first.
b. The loads as shown are added as new kind of load by writing into the empty box (load
name) and choose (load type) from the drop list → set weight multiplier to 0 or 1 as
automatically set by the program → press Add/new Load. Press OK in order to close
the window.

Page 5 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

10. To assign Live load it is checked the Eurocode 1 and depending on the category of building it
is defined to be qk= 2kN/m2 (EN 1, table 6.2, category A of loaded areas). Then:
a. Select → Select → by Properties → Slab sections →Select SLAB→ close
b. Assign → Shell Loads → Uniform
i. Load case: Live → Load =
2kN/m2 → Direction: Gravity
→ OK

11. To assign Muret 30 load 3,0 kN/m:

a. Select → Select → by Properties → Frame sections →Select B4.25→ close
b. Assign → Frame Loads → Distributed
i. Load pattern name: Muret 30 → Load = 3,0 kN/m → Direction: Gravity →
Add to existing loads → OK

12. To assign Muret 12 load 1,2 kN/m2:

a. Select → Select → by Properties → Slab sections →Select SLAB→ close
b. Assign → Shell Loads → Uniform
i. Load pattern name: Muret 12 → Load = 1,2 kN/m2 → Direction: Gravity →
Add to existing loads → OK

13. To assign Shtresat load 1,94 kN/m2:

a. Select → Select → by Properties → Slab sections
→Select SLAB→ close
b. Assign → Shell Loads → Uniform
i. Load pattern name: Shtresat → Load =
1,94  kN/m2 → Direction: Gravity →
Add to existing loads → OK

Page 6 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

14. To assign EQX load

a. Turn back into Define → Load Patterns
b. Press on the EQX that was added into the list before→
Modify Lateral Load
c. Choose X Dir + Eccen Y
d. We do the same for EQY but choose Y Dir + Eccen X
e.

15. We go to Define →Load cases and select EQX→ Load Case

Type →Response Spectrum → Modify/ show case
a. Loads applied → Add → Load type: Acceleration →
Load name U1 → Scale factor 9806, 65 → OK
b. We do the same for EQY but choose Load name U2
c. We do the same for EQY but choose Y Dir + Eccen X

16. Click on Define → Mass source

a. Mass Source Data → Mass Multipliers for Load
Patterns → Load → Multiplier

17. Click on Define → Functions → Response Spectrum

a. Choose Function Type to Add → Eurocode 8 2004 → Add New Function
i. Function name: Durres
ii. Function Damping Ratio = 0.05
iii. Country: CEN Default
iv. Horizontal Ground Acceleration ag/g: 0.25
v. Ground Type: C
vi. Behavior Factor q: 4.68

Page 7 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

18. To add load combinations, preform the following steps:-

a. Define → Load Combinations
i. Add a new combo.
ii. Name the combo, and select Add.
iii. Choose a case, and input the scale factor, and press add.
iv. Another case, and input its scale factor, and press add.
v. OK.

b. In our case four main combination are considered

1. 1, 35gk + 1, 50qk (base combination)
2. Gk (Muret 30, Muret 12, Shtresat load combination)
3. COMBOX = 1, 35gk + 1, 50qk + 0,75EX
4. COMBOY = 1, 35gk + 1, 50qk + 0,75EY

19. Analysis: start running the analysis.

a. Analyze → Run Analysis
b. Design → Concrete Frame Design → Start Design/Check
c. Detailing → Display detailed beam/column/shear wall/ slab reinforcement and rebar
spacing.

Page 8 of 49 
Table 1 ‐ Base Reactions 

Combo FX (kN) FY (kN) FZ (kN) MX MY MZ X Y Z

(kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m)
Dead 0 0 32890.1099 177468.1237 -716955 0 0 0 0
Live 0 0 6565.61 35993.1328 -143573 0 0 0 0
EQX Max 62362.3019 597.7542 0 7124.5611 866093.9125 514197.1925 0 0 0
EQY Max 597.7481 69934.62 0 938904.6065 7313.3169 1528145 0 0 0
Muret30 0 0 1790.7 8292.7275 -37861.68 0 0 0 0
Muret12 0 0 7878.732 43191.7593 -172287 0 0 0 0
Shtresat 0 0 39258.7516 212381.4625 -856221 0 0 0 0

Table 2 ‐ Joint Reactions 

Stor Joint Combo FX (kN) FY (kN) FZ (kN) MX MY MZ

y Label (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m)
Base 1 Dead 10.8497 -53.4382 246.7726 9.819 12.6398 0.0168
Base 1 Live 2.9464 -9.9575 36.8151 2.083 3.7343 0.0098
Base 1 EQX Max 1700.104 345.983 2248.522 86.3083 259.5427 5.5338
Base 1 EQY Max 3491.608 1848.298 10691.47 519.9154 978.3087 3.3383
Base 1 Muret30 0.5409 -7.0294 24.6014 1.2904 1.7091 0.0016
Base 1 Muret12 3.5356 -11.949 44.1781 2.4996 4.4812 0.0118
Base 1 Shtresat 13.7077 -63.0969 282.4832 11.8395 16.2621 0.0263

Table 3 ‐ Beam Forces 

Story Beam Combo Statio P (kN) V2 (kN) V3 T M2 M3

n (kN) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m)
Story6 B5 EQX Max 0.3 97.8631 220.8934 9.3848 73.4729 9.1058 508.0253
Story6 B5 EQX Max 0.612 97.8631 220.8934 9.3848 73.4729 6.5811 439.0013
Story6 B5 EQX Max 0.925 97.8631 220.8934 9.3848 73.4729 4.5726 369.9793
Story6 B5 EQY Max 0.3 23.7288 28.2066 15.7717 133.0357 5.642 40.498
Story6 B5 EQY Max 0.612 23.7288 28.2066 15.7717 133.0357 2.2448 32.248
Story6 B5 EQY Max 0.925 23.7288 28.2066 15.7717 133.0357 5.1797 24.396
Story6 B5 Muret30 0.3 -1.7657 -6.0506 0.1194 0.4815 0.0363 -3.3676
Story6 B5 Muret30 0.612 -1.7657 -5.1131 0.1194 0.4815 -0.001 -1.6232
Story6 B5 Muret30 0.925 -1.7657 -4.1756 0.1194 0.4815 -0.0384 -0.1718
Story6 B5 Muret12 0.3 -3.9197 -7.9209 0.3091 -3.2816 0.0979 -5.8342
Story6 B5 Muret12 0.612 -3.9197 -7.9209 0.3091 -3.2816 0.0013 -3.3589
Story6 B5 Muret12 0.925 -3.9197 -7.9209 0.3091 -3.2816 -0.0953 -0.8836
Story6 B5 Shtresat 0.3 -14.971 -33.6743 1.1701 -9.6269 0.3703 -23.5908
Story6 B5 Shtresat 0.612 -14.971 -32.1122 1.1701 -9.6269 0.0046 -13.3117
Story6 B5 Shtresat 0.925 -14.971 -30.5502 1.1701 -9.6269 -0.361 -3.5207

Page 9 of 49 
Table 4 ‐ Column Forces 

Story Colu Combo Stat P (kN) V2 (kN) V3 T M2 M3

mn ion (kN) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m)
Story6 C1 EQX Max 0 216.322 438.2562 205.476 37.1105 198.89 414.0628
Story6 C1 EQX Max 1.25 216.322 438.2562 205.476 37.1105 116.418 138.6292
Story6 C1 EQX Max 2.5 216.322 438.2562 205.476 37.1105 345.671 683.5219
Story6 C1 EQY Max 0 412.138 79.8164 409.572 16.0435 296.112 122.4189
Story6 C1 EQY Max 1.25 412.138 79.8164 409.572 16.0435 305.830 22.9904
Story6 C1 EQY Max 2.5 412.138 79.8164 409.572 16.0435 789.683 77.3242
Story6 C1 Muret30 0 -14.7088 -3.194 2.0462 0.0211 2.537 -3.8808
Story6 C1 Muret30 1.25 -14.7088 -3.194 2.0462 0.0211 -0.0207 0.1118
Story6 C1 Muret30 2.5 -14.7088 -3.194 2.0462 0.0211 -2.5784 4.1043
Story6 C1 Muret12 0 -24.9894 -11.1093 3.9404 0.0094 5.0264 -13.2774
Story6 C1 Muret12 1.25 -24.9894 -11.1093 3.9404 0.0094 0.1009 0.6092
Story6 C1 Muret12 2.5 -24.9894 -11.1093 3.9404 0.0094 -4.8247 14.4959
Story6 C1 Shtresat 0 -132.225 -39.3148 14.6255 0.0365 18.6273 -47.0365
Story6 C1 Shtresat 1.25 -120.978 -39.3148 14.6255 0.0365 0.3454 2.107
Story6 C1 Shtresat 2.5 -109.731 -39.3148 14.6255 0.0365 -17.9365 51.2506

Table 5 ‐ Joint Displacement 

Story Label Combo UX (mm) UY UZ RX (rad) RY (rad) RZ (rad)

(mm) (mm)
Story6 1 Dead 0.02341 0.3 -0.5 -1.4E-05 0.000163 1E-06
Story6 1 Live 0.006324 0.1 -0.1 -3E-06 5.1E-05 4.252E-07
Story6 1 EQX Max 128.5 76 3.4 0.002417 0.004101 0.003469
Story6 1 EQY Max 1.7 200.6 10.6 0.005449 0.000311 0.000552
Story6 1 Muret30 -0.001784 0.01825 -0.1 4E-06 1.8E-05 3.521E-07
Story6 1 Muret12 0.007589 0.1 -0.1 -3E-06 6.1E-05 1E-06
Story6 1 Shtresat 0.02954 0.3 -0.6 -1.7E-05 0.000212 1E-06
Story6 2 Dead 0.02557 0.3 -0.5 1E-05 0.000119 -3.685E-07
Story6 2 Live 0.007153 0.1 -0.1 3E-06 3.6E-05 1.873E-08
Story6 2 EQX Max 126.3 76 1.7 0.002482 0.004996 0.003415
Story6 2 EQY Max 1 200.6 3.5 0.005671 0.000185 0.000544
Story6 2 Muret30 -0.00124 0.01825 -0.1 6E-06 1.2E-05 1.861E-07
Story6 2 Muret12 0.008583 0.1 -0.1 3E-06 4.4E-05 2.247E-08
Story6 2 Shtresat 0.0325 0.3 -0.6 1.3E-05 0.000154 -3.503E-07

Page 10 of 49 
Table 6 ‐ Modal Periods and Frequencies 

Case Mode Period (sec) Frequency (cyc / Circular Eigen Value Modal
sec) Frequency (rad2 / sec2) Shape
Modal 1 0.797 1.254 7.8815 62.1173 E-W Lateral
Modal 2 0.776 1.289 8.1004 65.6162 N-S Lateral
Modal 3 0.606 1.65 10.3681 107.4984 Squeezing
Modal 4 0.246 4.06 25.5115 650.8347 Torsional
Modal 5 0.235 4.255 26.7346 714.7366 Breathing

Table 7 ‐ Story Forces 

Story  Combo  Location  P (kN)  VX (kN)  VY (kN)  T (kN*m)  MX  MY (kN*m) 

(kN*m) 
Story6  Dead  Top  3552.52 0 0 0 18920.22  ‐77622.68
Story6  Dead  Bottom  4513.74 0 0 0 24163.57  ‐98625.25
Story6  Live  Top  940.23 0 0 0 5095.25  ‐20544.02
Story6  Live  Bottom  1000.83 0 0 0 5616.41  ‐21868.13
Story6  EQX Max  Top  0 20027.30 207.46 165776.612 0  0
Story6  EQX Max  Bottom  0 20027.30 207.46 165776.612 622.40  60081.91
Story6  EQY Max  Top  0 263.27 20773.6 452004.612 0  0
Story6  EQY Max  Bottom  0 263.27 20773.6 452004.612 62320.95  789.8285
Story6  Muret30  Top  279.15 0 0 0 1288.99  ‐5466.87
Story6  Muret30  Bottom  279.15 0 0 0 1288.99  ‐5466.87
Story6  Muret12  Top  1128.27 0 0 0 6114.31  ‐24652.83
Story6  Muret12  Bottom  1200.99 0 0 0 6739.70  ‐26241.76
Story6  Shtresat  Top  4464.54 0 0 0 23862.62  ‐97550.39
Story6  Shtresat  Bottom  5484.54 0 0 0 29611.49  ‐119837
Story5 Dead Top 8046.273 0 0 0 42890.85 -175811
Story5 Dead Bottom 9007.489 0 0 0 48134.20 -196814
Story5 Live Top 1941.06 0 0 0 10711.67 -42412.161
Story5 Live Bottom 2001.66 0 0 0 11232.83 -43736.271
Story5 EQX Max Top 0 36665.33 333.1913 301486.76 622.40 60081.919
Story5 EQX Max Bottom 0 36665.33 333.1913 301486.76 1512.433 169383.01
Story5 EQY Max Top 0 342.956 38599.87 840796.33 62320.95 789.8285
Story5 EQY Max Bottom 0 342.956 38599.87 840796.33 177093.1 1704.7713
Story5 Muret30 Top 587.25 0 0 0 2717.68 -12198.855
Story5 Muret30 Bottom 587.25 0 0 0 2717.68 -12198.855
Story5 Muret12 Top 2329.272 0 0 0 12854.01 -50894.593
Story5 Muret12 Bottom 2401.992 0 0 0 13479.40 -52483.525
Story5 Shtresat Top 9929.101 0 0 0 53281.18 -216951
Story5 Shtresat Bottom 10949.09 0 0 0 59030.05 -239238

Page 11 of 49 
Table 8 ‐ Story Drifts 

Story Combo Label Item Drift X (m) Y (m) Z (m)

Story6 EQX Max 66 Max Drift X 0.00829 19.85 9.65 16.8
Story6 EQX Max 81 Max Drift Y 0.00357 0 2.475 18.3
Story6 EQY Max 143 Max Drift X 0.000488 40.925 0 18.3
Story6 EQY Max 31 Max Drift Y 0.011167 21.85 7.55 16.8
Story5 EQX Max 32 Max Drift X 0.009129 21.85 9.65 13.8
Story5 EQX Max 4 Max Drift Y 0.004983 0 4.95 15.3
Story5 EQY Max 22 Max Drift X 0.000349 43.7 0 15.3
Story5 EQY Max 66 Max Drift Y 0.013422 19.85 9.65 13.8
Story4 EQX Max 1 Max Drift X 0.009577 0 10.95 12.3
Story4 EQX Max 81 Max Drift Y 0.006008 0 2.475 12.3
Story4 EQY Max 5 Max Drift X 0.000557 0 0 12.3
Story4 EQY Max 5 Max Drift Y 0.015494 0 0 12.3
Story3 EQX Max 1 Max Drift X 0.009431 0 10.95 9.3
Story3 EQX Max 2 Max Drift Y 0.006418 0 9.65 9.3
Story3 EQY Max 5 Max Drift X 0.00091 0 0 9.3
Story3 EQY Max 2 Max Drift Y 0.017272 0 9.65 9.3
Story2 EQX Max 18 Max Drift X 0.007585 43.7 10.95 6.3
Story2 EQX Max 146 Max Drift Y 0.004624 43.7 2.475 6.3
Story2 EQY Max 6 Max Drift X 0.000356 5.55 0 6.3
Story2 EQY Max 22 Max Drift Y 0.013565 43.7 0 6.3

Table 9 ‐ Story Stiffness 

Story Case Shear X Drift X Stiffness X Shear Y Drift Y Stiffness Y

(kN) (mm) (kN/m) (kN) (mm) (kN/m)

Story6 EQX 20027.3065 21.6 929087.769 207.4668 5.5 0

Story5 EQX 36665.3316 25.5 1440661.265 333.1913 7.6 0
Story4 EQX 48883.7795 27.3 1792748.425 408.8922 9.2 0
Story3 EQX 57332.4297 25.6 2236920.899 502.344 9.8 0
Story2 EQX 61904.7614 20.7 2991601.088 525.3456 7.1 0
Story1 EQX 62362.2998 2.4 26016013 597.7529 0.8 0
Story6 EQY 263.2762 0.8 0 20773.6527 28.7 722899.659
Story5 EQY 342.9562 0.6 0 38599.8732 38.2 1010085.453
Story4 EQY 452.5438 0.9 0 52323.5254 44.2 1183206.334
Story3 EQY 502.7734 1.4 0 62181.9088 45.2 1375045.435
Story2 EQY 576.6668 0.6 0 67867.4714 37.1 1827973.089
Story1 EQY 597.7456 1 0 69934.625 9.7 7243636.126

Page 12 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

BEAM DESIGN
The beam was designed for the max bending moment as well as max shear in X direction, Moment 3-3
(COMBy) for plane YZ (X=A) as well as Shear Force 2-2 (COMBy) for plane XZ (Y=1)..
In this section to illustrate the beam reinforcing a beam along B axes was considered.
The beam design was made with reference to Eurocode 2 (fig.1, fig.2) and all the necessary calculations
were made using an excel spreadsheet. The beam design calculation and RC detailing are shown in
Appendix IX, X.

Fig.1 – Procedure for determining vertical shear reinforcement

Fig. 2‐ Procedure for defining flexural reinforcement

Page 13 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

COLUMN DESIGN

For the column design the maximum axial and moment load was generated using SAP2000 analysis for
the combination (COMBy) for plane XZ (Y=1) and the reinforcement was found with reference to
Eurocode 2. All the necessary calculations were made using an excel spreadsheet. The column design
calculation as well as RC detailing are shown in Appendix XII.

SOLID SLAB DESIGN

For the slab design the moment M22 generated using SAP2000 analysis for the combination COMBOY
(1, 35gk + 1, 50qk + 0,75EY) and the reinforcement was found with reference to Eurocode 2. All the
necessary calculations were made using an excel spreadsheet. The column design calculation and RC
detailing are shown in Appendix XIII.

Page 14 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

STRUCTURE MODELLING USING SAP2000

The step-by-step process of structure modelling using SAP2000 is very similar to the one using ETABS,
which is described in the section above. Also the physical parameters of the structure and its elements,
as well as the materials used, loads and their respective combinations are applied in the design analysis
process.

3D Modelling

Page 15 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

DESIGN ANALYSIS

Once the modelling has finished, we run design analysis. We can do that by clicking:
Main Menu → Run Analysis → Display → Show Deformed Shape → Case/Combo Name → COMBy
→ OK.

Deformed Shape (COMBy)

Main Menu → Run Analysis → Display → Show Deformed Shape → Case/Combo Name → MODAL
→ OK.

Modal 1
Modal 2 Modal 3

Page 16 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

Modal 4 Modal 5

Display → Show Forces/Stresses → Joints → COMBy → Display Types → Tabulated → OK.

Joint Reactions (COMBy) in plan YZ

Main Menu → Run Analysis →Display → Show Forces/Stresses → Shells

Page 17 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

 S11: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 1-axis
direction.
 S22: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 2-axis
direction.
 S12: Shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 2-
axis direction and acting on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 1-axis direction.
 Smax: Maximum principal stress (force per unit area). Note that by definition principal stresses
are oriented such that the associated shearing stress is zero.
 Smin: Minimum principal stress (force per unit area). Note that by definition principal stresses
are oriented such that the associated shearing stress is zero.
 SVM: Von Moses principal stress (force per unit area).
 S13: Out-of-plane shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 1
faces in the 3-axis direction.
 S23: Out-of-plane shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 2
faces in the 3-axis direction.
SmaxV: Maximum principal shearing stress (force per unit area). Note that by definition principal shearing
stresses are oriented on faces of the element such that the associated shears per unit length on
perpendicular faces are zero

Page 18 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

S11 of Foundation slab (COMBy).

S11 of 6th floor slab (COMBy).

S22 of Foundation slab (COMBy).

Page 19 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

S22 of 6th floor slab (COMBy).

S12 foundation (COMBy).

S12 6th floor (COMBy).

Page 20 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

Smax foundation (1.35GK + 1.5QK).

Smax 6th floor (1.35GK + 1.5QK).

Smin foundation (1.35GK + 1.5QK).

Page 21 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

Smin 6th floor (1.35GK + 1.5QK).

SVM foundation (1.35GK + 1.5QK).

SVM 6th floor (1.35GK + 1.5QK).

Page 22 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

S13 foundation (COMBy).

S13 6th floor (COMBy).

S23 foundation (COMBx).

Page 23 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

S23 6th floor (COMBx).

SMaxV foundation (1.35GK + 1.5QK).

SMaxV 6th floor (1.35GK + 1.5QK).

Page 24 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

Stresses: Axial stress S11 is available for all frame and cable sections. The shear stresses S12 and S13
are available for certain types of frame sections. When shear stresses are available, principal stresses
Smax and Smin and von Moses stress SVM are also available for algebraic (non-envelope) load cases and
combinations.

Main Menu → Run Analysis →Display → Show Forces/Stresses → Frames/Cables/Tendons → Display

Type → Force

Axial Force (COMBy) for plane XZ (Y=1).

Shear Force 2-2 (COMBx) for plane XZ (Y=1).

Page 25 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

Shear Force 3-3 (COMBx) for plane YZ (X=A).

Torsion (COMBx) for plane XZ (Y=1).

Moment 2-2 (COMBy) for plane YZ (X=A).

Page 26 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

Moment 3-3 (COMBy) for plane YZ (X=A).

Main Menu → Run Analysis →Display → Show Forces/Stresses → Frames/Cables/Tendons → Display
Type → Stress

S11 (1.35GK + 1.5QK) for plane XZ (Y=1).

S12 (1.35GK + 1.5QK) for plane XZ (Y=1).

Page 27 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

S13 (1.35GK + 1.5QK) for plane XZ (Y=1).

SMax (1.35GK + 1.5QK) for plane XZ (Y=1).

SMin (1.35GK + 1.5QK) for plane XZ (Y=1).

Page 28 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

SVM (1.35GK + 1.5QK) for plane XZ (Y=1).

Page 29 of 49 
CE 401 - SUPERVISED GROUP STUDY AND RESEARCH

BILL OF QUANTITY

The bill of quantity (BOQ) reflects the full value of the building or construction to be implemented. It
is the main document for the implementation of works which provides the necessary funds for the
execution of works.
BOQ is giving some cost orientation of the building to be constructed and it is calculated using given
building cost data (Manuali teknik i cmimeve te punimeve te ndertimit dhe analizat teknike te tyre
2010).
BOQ is a schedule which categories, details and quantifies the materials and other cost items to be
used in construction project. Also, direct costs and indirect costs are to be considered for complete cost
of the project which are covered in different parts of the BOQ.
Generally BOQ is in tabular form which contents description, unit, quantity, rate & amount in
different columns.

BILL OF QUANTITY
OBJ ECT: 5 s to ry res idential building + 1 undergro und s to ry

Des c riptio n o f the wo rk ing Pric e/Unit

No .: Unit QTY AM O UNT (ALL)
ac tivity (ALL)
1 Earthworks with excavator m3 2000,00 400,00Lek 800.000,00Lek
2 Earthworks with labor force m3 600,00 300,00Lek 180.000,00Lek
3 Electro-pump wh 130,00 80,00Lek 10.400,00Lek
4 Soil fills m3 700,00 100,00Lek 70.000,00Lek
5 Mat foundation RC M250 m3 196,00 9.000,00Lek 1.764.000,00Lek
RC concrete slab layer
6 underground M250 m3 72,00 9.000,00Lek 648.000,00Lek
RC shear wall underground
7 M200 m3 62,00 12.000,00Lek 744.000,00Lek
Wall hydroisolation using
8 bitumen m2 300,00 600,00Lek 180.000,00Lek
9 Columns RC M250 m3 122,00 13.000,00Lek 1.586.000,00Lek
10 Beams RC M250 m3 220,00 13.000,00Lek 2.860.000,00Lek
11 Shear wall RC M250 m3 35,00 14.000,00Lek 490.000,00Lek
Ribbed slab h=25 cm with
12 polysterol fill m2 2630,00 2.600,00Lek 6.838.000,00Lek
13 RC stairs M250 m3 12,00 14.000,00Lek 168.000,00Lek
14 RC lintel for window/door m3 30,00 12.000,00Lek 360.000,00Lek
15 Concrete M200 for sublayer m3 27,00 6.400,00Lek 172.800,00Lek
16 Steel 500 >ø10 kg 36000,00 90,00Lek 3.240.000,00Lek
17 Steel 500 <ø10 kg 90000,00 82,00Lek 7.380.000,00Lek
SUBTOTAL I 27.491.200,00Lek

Page 30 of 49 
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
APPENDIX III
APPENDIX IV
APPENDIX V
APPENDIX VI
APPENDIX VII
APPENDIX VIII
 APPENDIX IX

Section design to Eurocode 2 (BS EN 1992-1)

RECTANGULAR BEAMS

INPUT Location 1st Floor, Span 4 Beam type INTERIOR SPAN

M kNm
587.0 fck 25 N/mm² γc = 1.50
δ 0.85 fyk 500 N/mm² γs = 1.15
span mm 8000 Steel class A ∆cdev 10
h mm 500 REBAR Ø COVER to main bars
b mm 400 Tension 32 42
gk kN/m 25.80 Comp'n 20 35
qk kN/m 27.00 Side -- 42
ψ2 = 0.3 Dwellingbrittle partitions? YES

OUTPUT 1st Floor, Span .

Effective depth, d = 500 - 42 - 32/2 = 442.0 mm
Neutral axis, x = [442-√(442² -2E6x587x1.5/0.85/400/25)]/0.8 = 10000.0 mm
(x/d) limit = 0.450 x/d actual = 22.624 > 0.450, x = 198.9 mm
Lever arm, z = 442 - 0.4 x 198.9 = 362.4 mm
d2 = 35 + 20/2 = 45 mm
Gross fsc = 434.8 N/mm² from strain diagram
Net fsc = 434.8 - 0.85 x 25 /1.5 = 420.6 N/mm²
Excess M = 587 - 326.8 = 260.2 kNm
Compession steel, As2 = 260.2E6 /420.6 /(442 - 45) = 1558 mm²
PROVIDE 5H20 COMPRESSION STEEL = 1571 mm²
Steel stress, fyd = 434.8 N/mm² from strain diagram  319 N/mm²
Tension steel, As = 326.8E6/362.4/434.8 + 1558.2 x 420.6/434.8 = 3581 mm²
9.2.1.1 (1) As min = 1.3 x 400 x 500 = 236 mm²
7.3.2 (1) As crack = 400 x 0.86 x 2.565 x 92.5/500 = 163 mm.
7.4.2 As def = 3757 mm²
PROVIDE 5H32 TENSION STEEL = 4021 mm²
DEFLECTION SLS M =587 x 52.8 /75.3 = 484.0 kNm σs = 319 N/mm²
7.4.2 (2) Modification factor = 310 /319.3 = 0.971
Permissible L/d = 0.971 x 0.875 x 22.246 = 18.90
Actual L/d = 8000 /442 = 18.10 ok .
APPENDIX X

Section design to Eurocode 2 (BS EN 1992-1)

BEAM SHEAR

INPUT Location 1st Floor, Span 4

fck N/mm² 25 γc = 1.50 d bw
fywk N/mm² 500 γs = 1.15 500 400

Main Steel Link Ø Legs Side cover VEd n

Ø 25 10 2 30 45.5 70.91
No 2 mm No mm kN at face kN/m

OUTPUT 1st Floor, Span 4

6.2.2 (1) AsL = 982 mm² = 0.491% fcd = 16.7 N/mm²
equation (6.6)  = 0.6(1 - 25/250) = 0.540 . cotθ = 2.50
equation (6.9) VRd,max = 1 x 400 x 450.0 x 0.540 x 16.7 /2.90 /1000 = 558.6 ok
6.2.1 (8) VEd @ d = 45.52 - 70.91 x 0.5 = 10.1 kN
6.2.2 (1) k = 1 + √(200 /500) = 1.632 .
equation (6.2) VRd,c = 0.12 x 1.632 cube root(0.491 x 25) = 90.4 kN nominal links
9.2.2 (5) Asw/s (min)= 0.08 x 400 /500 x √25 = 0.320 mm
equation (6.9)Asw/s (max)= 0.5 x 400 /500 x 1.15 x 0.540 x 16.7 = 4.140 mm ok
equation (6.7) Asw/s = 10.1E3 /(450.0 x 434.8 x 2.50) = 0.021 < 0.320
9.2.2 (6) smax,L = 375 mm smax,T = 375 mm 9.2.2 (8) ok
PROVIDE 2 legs T10 @ 375
Throughout
.
APPENDIX XII

Section design to Eurocode 2 (BS EN 1992-1)

SYMMETRICAL RECTANGULAR COLUMN DESIGN
COLUMN DESIGN MOMENTS ABOUT X AXIS ONLY

INPUT Location Column 6, span 5, fck 25 MPa

Axial load, NEd 446 kN fyk 500 MPa
Moment, MEd 177.5 kNm Main bar Ø 28 mm

height, h 500 mm Link Ø 8 mm

breadth, b 400 mm γc = 1.50 concrete
cover (to link ) 25 mm γs = 1.15 steel
CALCULATIONS
from MED As = [M - fck.b.dc(h/2 - dc/2)] / [(h/2-d2).(sc+st).c]
from NEd As = (N - fck.b.dc) / [(sc - st).c] Asc = Ast = As dc = min(h, x)

d2 = 47 mm fck /c = 14.2 MPa

d= 453 mm fyk /s = 434.8 MPa

from iteration, neutral axis depth, x = 105.0 mm dc = 84.0 mm

αηfck.b.dc/γc = 475.9 kN
Steel comp strain = 0.00193
Steel tens strain = 0.01160
sc = 386.6 MPa (Comp. stress in rein 372 net
st = 434.8 MPa (Tensile stress in rein 435 net
from M, As = 479 mm² rom N, As = 479 mm²
OUTPUT ok but check cracking
Column 6, span 5, first floor
Requires 479mm² T&B:- PROVIDE 4T28
(ie 2T28 T&B = 1232mm² T&B - 1.23% o/a, @306
Links : - PROVIDE T8 @ 400 see clause 9.5.2 (4)
Strain diagram Stress diagram

0.00350 387
0.00193
14.2 MPa

Notes
Stresses in MPa
-0.01160 Compression +ve
-435 - - - Neutral axis
-0.01317
Section design to Eurocode 2 (BS EN 1992-1)

SOLID SLABS

INPUT Location Monolithic slab

M kNm/m 45 fck N/mm² 25 γc = 1.50
δ 1.00 fyk N/mm² 500 γs = 1.15
span mm 5000 gk kN/m2 7.50
2
h mm 250 qk kN/m5.94
Bar Ø mm 10 Steel class A
cover, C nom mm 20 to this steel Usage Dwelling
∆cdev mm 10 Section location INTERIOR SPAN
brittle partitions? YES
OUTPUT Monolithic slab .
d = 250 - 20 - 10/2 = 225.0 mm
3.1.7 (3) x = [225 - √(225² - 2000/0.85 x 45 x 1.5/25)]/0.8 = 18.2 mm
5.5 (4) (x/d) limit = 0.600 x/d actual = 0.081 < 0.600 ok
Fig 3.5 z = 225 - 0.4 x 18.2 = 217.7 > 0.95d = 213.8.
As = 45E6/500/213.8 x 1.15 = 484 > As min = 300 mm²/m
9.2.1.1 (1) As min = 1.33 x 225 = 300 mm²/m
As def = 484 mm²/m
Provide H10 @ 150 = 524 mm²/m
Table A1.1 EN199 ψ2 = 0.3 (Dwelling)
SLS udl = 7.5 + 1 x 5.94 = 13.44 kN/m², n = 7.5 x 1.35 + 5.94 x 1
SLS M = 45 x 13.44/19.04 = 31.77 k s = 292.3 N/mm²
7.4.2 (2) Modification factor = 310/292.3 = 1.061
Table 7.4 Permissible L/d = 1.061 x 106.39 = 112.85
Actual L/d = 5000/225 = 22.22 ok .
 BILL OF MATERILAS
OBJECT: 5 story residential building + 1 underground story

Description of the working

No.: Unit QTY Price/Unit (ALL) AMOUNT (ALL)
activity
1 Earthworks with excavator m3 2000.00 400.00Lek 800,000.00Lek
2 Earthworks with labor force m3 600.00 300.00Lek 180,000.00Lek
3 Electro-pump wh 130.00 80.00Lek 10,400.00Lek
4 Soil fills m3 700.00 100.00Lek 70,000.00Lek
5 Mat foundation RC M250 m3 196.00 9,000.00Lek 1,764,000.00Lek
RC concrete slab layer
6 underground M250 m3 72.00 9,000.00Lek 648,000.00Lek
RC shear wall underground
7 M200 m3 62.00 12,000.00Lek 744,000.00Lek
Wall hydroisolation using
8 bitumen m2 300.00 600.00Lek 180,000.00Lek
9 Columns RC M250 m3 122.00 13,000.00Lek 1,586,000.00Lek
10 Beams RC M250 m3 220.00 13,000.00Lek 2,860,000.00Lek
11 Shear wall RC M250 m3 35.00 14,000.00Lek 490,000.00Lek
Ribbed slab h=25 cm with
12 polysterol fill m2 2630.00 2,600.00Lek 6,838,000.00Lek
13 RC stairs M250 m3 12.00 14,000.00Lek 168,000.00Lek
14 RC lintel for window/door m3 30.00 12,000.00Lek 360,000.00Lek
15 Concrete M200 for sublayer m3 27.00 6,400.00Lek 172,800.00Lek
16 Steel 500 >ø10 kg 36000.00 90.00Lek 3,240,000.00Lek
17 Steel 500 <ø10 kg 90000.00 82.00Lek 7,380,000.00Lek
SUBTOTAL I 27,491,200.00Lek

Masonry working activities

1 Brick wall 25 cm m3 705.00 8500.00 5,992,500.00Lek

2 Brick wall 12 cm m3 204.00 9000.00 1,836,000.00Lek
SUBTOTAL II 7,828,500.00Lek

Paving working activities

1 Tiles paving m2 2200.00 2000.00 4,400,000.00Lek

2 Tile coatings m2 270.00 1500.00 405,000.00Lek
3 Marble window sill m2 36.00 4500.00 162,000.00Lek
4 Marble steps m2 72.00 4500.00 324,000.00Lek
5 Stair paving with marble m2 130.00 5000.00 650,000.00Lek
6 Stairs parapet and balconies m2 38.00 1700.00 64,600.00Lek
SUBTOTAL III 6,005,600.00Lek
 Description of the working
No.: Unit QTY Price/Unit (ALL) AMOUNT (ALL)
activity

Duralumin and wooden working

activities

1 Duralumin doors and rail m2 270.00 13000.00 3,510,000.00Lek

Duralumin windows with rail and
2 mosquito net m2 130.00 14000.00 1,820,000.00Lek
3 Glass duraluminium window m2 300.00 13000.00 3,900,000.00Lek
4 Internal doors pcs 125.00 25000.00 3,125,000.00Lek
5 Armored doors pcs 34.00 35000.00 1,190,000.00Lek
6 Garage shutter pcs 2.00 36000.00 72,000.00Lek
SUBTOTAL IV 13,617,000.00Lek

Finishing working activities

1 Terranova coating for stores m2 100.00 4000.00 400,000.00Lek

2 Internal wall finishing m2 10000.00 550.00 5,500,000.00Lek
3 Finishing of ceilings m2 2520.00 600.00 1,512,000.00Lek

4 External finishing and paintings m2 2205.00 900.00 1,984,500.00Lek

SUBTOTAL V 9,396,500.00Lek

Terrace working activities

1 Tiles paving m2 520.00 1600.00 832,000.00Lek

2 Hydroisolation m2 620.00 2600.00 1,612,000.00Lek
3 Vertical gutter ø100 ml 120.00 400.00 48,000.00Lek
4 Gutter tapes pcs 4.00 800.00 3,200.00Lek
SUBTOTAL VI 2,495,200.00Lek
 Description of the working
No.: Unit QTY Price/Unit (ALL) AMOUNT (ALL)
activity

Sewage system and drainage

1 Earthworks for channels m3 100.00 300.00 30,000.00Lek

2 Manholes 100x100 pcs 10.00 8000.00 80,000.00Lek
3 Concrete pipes ø100 ml 90.00 400.00 36,000.00Lek
SUBTOTAL VII 146,000.00Lek

Plumbing and sanitary

1 Galvanized pipes 1/1/2 kg 150.00 140.00 21,000.00Lek

2 Galvanized pipes 3/4 kg 200.00 140.00 28,000.00Lek
3 Galvanized pipes 1/2 kg 120.00 140.00 16,800.00Lek
4 Plastic pipe ø100 ml 150.00 350.00 52,500.00Lek
5 Plastic pipe ø40-50 ml 200.00 100.00 20,000.00Lek
6 WC pcs 50.00 10000.00 500,000.00Lek
7 Bide pcs 50.00 12000.00 600,000.00Lek
8 Washbay pcs 50.00 10000.00 500,000.00Lek
9 Shower plate pcs 50.00 6000.00 300,000.00Lek
10 Boiler 80 ltrs pcs 50.00 1000.00 50,000.00Lek
11 WC outlets pcs 50.00 5000.00 250,000.00Lek
12 Sink pcs 36.00 11000.00 396,000.00Lek
13 Water meter pcs 38.00 6000.00 228,000.00Lek
SUBTOTAL IX 2,962,300.00Lek

Electrical system

1 Switch outlet pcs 350.00 2600.00 910,000.00Lek

2 Plug outlet pcs 400.00 2800.00 1,120,000.00Lek
3 Citofon pcs 1.00 200000.00 200,000.00Lek
4 Telephone pcs 1.00 200000.00 200,000.00Lek
5 Antenna pcs 1.00 200000.00 200,000.00Lek
SUBTOTAL X 2,630,000.00Lek

TOTAL I (I+II+III+IV+V+VI+VII+VIII+IX+X) 72,572,300.00Lek

NET INCOME 10% 7,257,230.00Lek
TOTAL II 79,829,530.00Lek
VAT 20% 15,965,906.00Lek
TOTAL 95,795,436.00Lek