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Chapter 17 Lesson 1: The Two Sides

Division in the Border States:

By the end of the war, 600,000 Americans had lost their lives. The ______________ states
(Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri) were bitterly divided. The Border States
remained vital to the _________ of the Union.

President Lincoln worked tirelessly to keep the four Border States in the Union. In the end,
Lincoln was ____________________________. Still, many Border States residents supported
the ______________.

Strengths and Weaknesses:

North advantages: ___________________________________________________________________

South advantages:____________________________________________________________________

The Goals of War:

The Confederacy wanted ________________________________________. It just needed to fight


hard enough and long enough to convince Northerners that
______________________________________.

The North wanted to restore _____________________________________. Its forces had to invade


the South.

Confederate Strategies:

The Confederacys basic strategy was to conduct a _________________________ war.

The South also tried to win the support of ___________________________ and


___________________. Their ____________________________________ suffered when the war
disrupted the export of Southern cotton.

Union Strategies:

Plan came from ___________________________________. The plan was called


__________________. First the Union would _________________________________. Second the
North would seek to gain control of the ______________________________________. Another
goal was to capture __________________________.

Americans Against Americans:

Men of all ages rushed to _____________________, or join. They did this for different reasons:

1. Some did so out of _______________________.


2. Others thought they would be called a ____________________________ if they didnt.
3. Others were looking for ____________________________________________.

Tens of thousands of soldiers were under __________________________. The Union refused at


first to let _____________________________________ enlist. This changed later in the war. The
Confederacy refused African Americans because they didnt want to
__________________________.
High Hopes:

Each side expected a __________________________________. Northerners could not imagine


the Confederates holding out for long against the Unions ________________________.
Confederates believed that the North could never subdue the _____________________________
of the South.

Who Were the Soldiers?

Most came from ____________________________. The Confederate army was sometimes


called the __________________________. The Unions soldiers were known as
__________________________.

About __________________ men fought for the Confederacy. About ___________ for the Union.
The Union army included just under _________________ African Americans and about 10,000
__________________.

A Soldiers Life:

Most of the time soldiers lived in ____________________.

The Horrors of War:

Thousands of casualties overwhelmed ______________________________________. After the


_____________________________, the wounded lay in the rain for more than 24 hours waiting
for treatment.

Faced with these terrible realities, many men _______________________. About one in every
___________ Union soldiers and one of every _____________ Confederates ran away because
of fear, hunger, and sickness.

Chapter 17 Lesson 2: Early Years of the War

First Battle of Bull Run:

In April 1861, President Lincoln announced a ______________________ of all Confederate


ports.

July 21, 1861, __________________ Union troops commanded by _______________________


attacked a smaller Confederate force. Fighting took place by a small river called
__________________.

Both sides lacked __________________. The Rebels were inspired by _____________. He


earned the nickname ________________________ because he held his position like a stone
wall. The Confederates broke Union lines, and the troops _____________________________.

Lincoln named a new head of the Union Army _______________. He also called for more
_________________.

Control of the West:

The main Union goal in the West was to _________________________________________________.


________________________________ led to attack to take over the rivers.
A Battle Between Ironclads:

The Southern secret weapon was the _______________________________. What did they do to
the wooden ship? ________________________________________________. They renamed it the
Virginia.

The Union had an ironclad also called the __________________________________. They both
fought, but neither ship won the battle. But it did
________________________________________________.

The Battle of Shiloh:

Why did General Grant head toward Corinth, Mississippi?


___________________________________ They camped near Shiloh church. The Confederate
leaders decided to strike. It was a narrow victory for the _________________________. But
more than ____________________________ casualties happened at Shiloh. The Union took
over Corinth and ____________________.

Capturing New Orleans:

The Union under David Farragut was able to take over ______________________________. This
meant that the Confederacy could no longer use the _____________________________________.
They only had _______________________________ left in the West.

Confederate Victories:

Southern victories in the East were largely the result of the leadership of _____________ and
_____________.

Lee Invades Maryland:

Confederate president ________________________ urged Lee to move his troops into


Maryland, Union territory. His goal was to move into __________________ and to bring the
war deeper into the Northern states.

The Battle of Antietam:

Lee split his army into _____________ parts. He ordered each part to move
______________________. He plan was not going to work because a Confederate officer
__________________ his copy of his orders and two Union soldiers _________________ it.

Antietam would be a key victory for the _____________________________. It was also the
___________________ single day of fighting in the war. Lee retreated to __________________
after the battle.

The Debate Over Ending Slavery:

_________________________ and ____________________________ urged Lincoln to make the war


a fight to end slavery. They also said that slavery was the _______________ of the divisions
between North and South.

They also argued that if Lincoln presented the war as a fight to abolish slavery,
__________________ and ____________________________ would be less willing to support the
South.
A Call for Emancipation:

Under the Constitution Lincoln did have the power to take ____________________________
from an enemy in wartime. __________________________________ were property.

On September 22, 1862 he issued the __________________________________________________.


This decree freed all enslaved people in rebel territory on ________________________________.

It did not change the lives of all enslaved people ____________________________. But it did
have a strong impact. It was clear that a Union _______________________ would end slavery
in the U.S.

Chapter 17 Lesson 3: Life During the Civil War

Changes at Home:

Almost everyone who stayed home was _____________________ in some way by the war.
Only _______ of the school-age children attended school.

Many schools and churches served instead as ___________________ for the wounded.

Hardships in the South:

Both armies spend the majority of their time on __________________________ soil. Thousands
of people became _______________________ - people displaced by war.

Many areas faced _____________________ of food and supplies. Most had to learn to do
without.

New Roles for Women:

In both the North and South, women kept the ___________________ and _____________________
going. In the Civil War, thousands served as ______________________________.

Dorothea Dix, _________________________, and ______________________ all worked with


wounded soldiers.

Women on both sides also served as ________________________. Rose ONeal Greenhow and
______________________________ were both one.

As many as _________________ women disguised themselves as men to serve as a soldiers.

Floridians and the War:

Many didnt feel that Florida was important to their ________________________________.

Supplying the Confederacy:

What did Florida start to supply to the Confederate Army?

Why was salt important?

Prisoners of War:
Andersonville prison opened in ________________________ in early 1864. It was built to hold
_____________________ prisoners, by August it had _____________________________. Almost
________________ Union prisoners died there, mostly from disease.

The Union prison in Elmire, __________________, was no better. Almost __________ of all
prisoners here died.

Field Hospitals:

What are 2 threats at the field hospitals?

1.
2.

Political and Economic Change:

In the South many people opposed the war. There were shortages everywhere. In
________________, a group of women and children protested.

In the North, the ___________________________ party split down the middle. There were War
Democrats and Peace Democrats. Critics of the Peace Democrats called them
_________________.

Jail Without Trial:

As a way of dealing with war opponents in eh North, President Lincoln suspended


______________________________, a legal process that helps ensure the government has a
legal right to keep someone in jail. They were able to jail thousands without putting them
on trial.

In the South, President _________________________________ also did this.

Draft Laws:

In 1862, the Confederate Congress passed the draft. What does this do?

How could you get out of the draft?

At first the North offered money or _______________________ to get men to enlist. Later they
passed a draft. Some people _____________________________ to protest the draft.

War and the Economy:

The two sides had three way of paying for the war.

1. Borrowed money
2.
3. Printed money. Northern bills called greenbacks.

In the North ____________________________ profited from the war. Farmers also prospered.

Name a way the Civil War hurt the Souths economy. _____________________________________

Chapter 17 Lesson 4: The Strain of War

The Battle of Fredericksburg:


After Antietam, Robert E. Lee moved his army out of Maryland into Virginia. This
encouraged Union Commander, General Ambrose Brunside, to march his troops toward
_________________________.

What was the advantage that Lees forces had at Fredericksburg?

Who won the battle at Fredericksburg?

Victory at Chancellorsville:

May 1863, Lee met Union forces led by _______________________ in the Battle of
Chancellorsville. Lees stagey was to attack the _______________ and _________________ of
the Union forces. Did it work? ______

What happened to Stonewall Jackson during the battle? ___________________ and then later
_____________.

Problems With Union Leadership:

In less than a year, a frustrated Lincoln saw ___________________ different generals.

Major General George McClellan was to ____________________ and slow to react. He failed to
follow Lincolns orders to follow that retreating Confederate troops and ________________
after the Battle of ______________.

General Ambrose Burnside lost a crushing loss at


__________________________________________.

Major General Joseph Hooker let Lees much smaller army crush his forces at
_____________________

Finally, Major __________________________________________ assumed command three days


before one of the wars great battles.

African Americans in the Civil War:

Excluded in the South:

Even though African Americans made up ____% of the Southern population, Confederate
leaders would not allow them to _______________. They feared that armed African
Americans would _____________________.

Enlisted in the North:

By 1862, Congress decided to ______________________ the policy and allow the African
Americans to enlist.

What are some problems that the African American soldiers faced?

By the end of the war they made up __________% of the Union army.

The 54th Massachusetts:


Best known _______________________________________ regiment. It was led by _____________
They served in both _______________________________ and _____________________ battles.

The Tide Turns:

In spring 1863, the _______________________________ had the upper hand. Lee decided to
take the war once more into the North, hoping to impress France and Britain.

The Battle of Gettysburg:

In July 1863, the Confederates entered Gettysburg looking for ___________________________.


Outnumbered Union troops retreated to high ground called ____________________________.
The Southern generals tried to drive them out, but under General George Meade held
__________________

Lee ordered an attack designed to create a panic and virtually destroy the Union army.
It became known as _______________________________________________. It was not successful.
The Confederates had ______________________ casualties, the Union had
_____________________.

Gettysburg ended the Confederates hope of gaining help from ______________ and
______________. The South was hoping to get two __________________ from Britain, but they
decided not to release the ships.

The Siege of Vicksburg:

July 4, 1863, the important river city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, fell under the control of
Union troops led by ____________________________________. He began a _______________ of
the town, preventing food and supplies from reaching the Confederates. It lasted
____________ days. There were more than ______________ Confederate and _________________
Union casualties. But only ___________ citizens of Vicksburg were killed.

Few days after this, the Confederacy lost Port ____________ in Louisiana. The Union had
split the South in two.

Lincolns Address at Gettysburg:

On November 19, 1863, officials and citizens gathered to dedicate the Soldiers National
Cemetery at __________________________________. Former governor of Massachusetts
Edward Everett delivered a _________ hour speech. After him, President Lincoln spoke for
_________ minutes. He honored the soldiers and their cause, and stated his
____________________ for the country. This speech remains one of the most enduring and
powerful speeches in _______________________.

Chapter 17 Lesson 5: The Wars Final Stages

The Union Closes In:

By 1864, Union forces had the South surrounded. The Union blocked the Confederate
_____________ and the ________________________________ River. The South seemed ready to
fall if the Union could just come up with a plan. General _________________________ would
come up with one.
General Grant Takes Charge:

Grant was an average student, failed farmer and businessman. But he was a brilliant
soldier. In March 1864, President Lincoln put General Grant in charge of all
________________________________.

President Lincoln like that Grant was a man of action. Grant would move on to
_______________, the Confederate capital. At the same time, General William Tecumseh
Sherman would lead attacks across the _________________.

_____________________ won at the battles of Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold
Harbor.

Grant Moves South Toward Richmond:

At the Battle of the Wilderness, Lee had only about 60,000 men, while Grant had more
than 100,000. On the morning of the third day, there was no clear
__________________________. Grant moved his forces ___________________ toward Richmond.

Next battle at Spotsylvania Court House and _______________________________. Men were


writing ______________________________________________ to help people identify their bodies.

In a space of ____________ days, Grant lost _____________________________ of his own troops.

Siege at Petersburg:

Grant arrived at Petersburg, a ______________________ center vital to Confederate


movement of troops and supplies. If Grant could take it, ____________________ would be cut
off from the rest of the Confederacy.

Trains brought _________________ and _________________________ to the Union side.


Confederates refused to ___________________________________.

Sherman in Georgia:

Shermans troops circles ________. They faced Confederate general ________. Who won at
Atlanta? ________

Farragut Blockades Mobile Bay:

Farragut was highest-ranking officer in the ______________________ navy. Farragut in August,


1864, led a fleet of 18 ships into _____________________________ in Alabama. To make sure
he had a good view he tied ____________________________________________________. He was
unwilling to __________________ and succeeded in blocking the last Southern port of the east
of the Mississippi.

Battles in Florida:

In February 1864, Union forces landed in ________________. They moved into the states
center. On February 20, the two armies fought at _________________. Union forces were
forced back to ________________.

The __________________________________ also won the Battle of natural Bridge.


The Election of 1864:

Lincolns loss could mean an end to the war and recognition of the Confederacy as an
independent country. The wins at ______________________ and ________________________
helped Lincoln get reelected. He defeated ___________________________________. Most
people wanted a permanent end to slavery. On January 31, 1865, Congress passed the
_____________ Amendment which banned _____________________________.

The War Ends: Shermans March to the Sea:

The Union was determined to break the Souths __________________________________________.


To do this, Sherman burned much of the city of ___________________________. His troops
march across Georgia toward the Atlantic, burning cities and crops as they went. This is
called Shermans ____________________________.

This was part of a strategy called ______________________, destroying not only the enemys
army, but also its land and people. White Southerners were outraged.
__________________________ left their plantations to follow the protection of Shermans army.

Richmond Falls:

General ______________ realized he could no longer defend Richmond. His army evacuated
the city.

A Meeting at Appomattox Court House:

What happened that made Lee know that it was over?


______________________________________

Grant and Lee met in a small Virginia town called Appomattox Court House. What did
Grant do for Lees soldiers? __________________________________________

The Toll of War:

More __________________ were lost than any other conflict in the American history.

The Norths victory:

1. Saved the ________________________


2. Made clear that the __________________________________ was more powerful than
the states.
3. Freed millions of _______________________________________.

Many questions remained. The time after the Civil war is known as
_____________________________.

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