Statically Indeterminate Problems

and
Problems Involving Two Materials
(Strength of Materials)
Dave Morgan
<dave.morgan@sait.ca>

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 1/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

We have used the laws of statics to analyse

problems such as the one illustrated:

10 kN
B

C
30 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 2/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

We have used the laws of statics to analyse

problems such as the one illustrated:
20 kN
Fy = 0, so there is a reaction force of
A 20 kN at A

10 kN
B

C
30 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 2/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

We have used the laws of statics to analyse

problems such as the one illustrated:
20 kN
Fy = 0, so there is a reaction force of
A
20 kN at A
To find the internal forces in the segment
10 kN
BC:
B

C
30 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 2/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

We have used the laws of statics to analyse

problems such as the one illustrated:
20 kN
Fy = 0, so there is a reaction force of
A
20 kN at A
To find the internal forces in the segment
10 kN
BC:
B
Insert a section M-M through
M M segment BC

C
30 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 2/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

We have used the laws of statics to analyse

problems such as the one illustrated:
20 kN
Fy = 0, so there is a reaction force of
A
20 kN at A
To find the internal forces in the segment
10 kN
BC:
B
Insert a section M-M through
M M segment BC
Consider only the segment from C to
M-M
C
30 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 2/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

We have used the laws of statics to analyse

problems such as the one illustrated:
20 kN
Fy = 0, so there is a reaction force of
A
20 kN at A
To find the internal forces in the segment
10 kN
BC:
B
30 kN
Insert a section M-M through
M M segment BC
Consider only the segment from C to
M-M
C Fy = 0, so there is an internal force
30 kN
of 30 kN at M

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 2/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

We have used the laws of statics to analyse

problems such as the one illustrated:
20 kN
Fy = 0, so there is a reaction force of
A
20 kN at A
To find the internal forces in the segment
10 kN
BC:
B
30 kN
Insert a section M-M through
M M segment BC
Consider only the segment from C to
M-M
C Fy = 0, so there is an internal force
30 kN
of 30 kN at M
TBC = 30 kN (tension)

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 2/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A

10 kN
B

C
30 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 3/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A
N N Insert a section N-N through segment
10 kN
AB
B

C
30 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 3/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A
N N Insert a section N-N through segment
10 kN
AB
B Consider only the segment from A to
N-N

C
30 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 3/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A
N N Insert a section N-N through segment
20 kN
10 kN
AB
B Consider only the segment from A to
N-N
Fy = 0, so there is an internal force
of 20 kN at N-N
C
30 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 3/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A
N N Insert a section N-N through segment
20 kN
10 kN
AB
B Consider only the segment from A to
N-N
Fy = 0, so there is an internal force
of 20 kN at N-N
C
30 kN TAB = 20 kN (tension)

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 3/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

Structures where forces can be determined using the

static equilibrium equations alone (Fx = 0,
Fy = 0 and MA = 0) are called statically
determinate structures. The previous example is a
statically determinate structure.

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 4/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

Structures where forces can be determined using the

static equilibrium equations alone (Fx = 0,
Fy = 0 and MA = 0) are called statically
determinate structures. The previous example is a
statically determinate structure.
Structures where the forces cannot be determined in
this way are called statically indeterminate
structures.

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 4/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

Structures where forces can be determined using the

static equilibrium equations alone (Fx = 0,
Fy = 0 and MA = 0) are called statically
determinate structures. The previous example is a
statically determinate structure.
Structures where the forces cannot be determined in
this way are called statically indeterminate
structures.
Statically indeterminate structures are often analysed
using the conditions of axial deformation given by
PL
=
AE
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 4/30
Statically Indeterminate Problems

Example: Consider a bar AB supported at both

ends by fixed supports, with an axial force of 12 kN
applied at C as illustrated. Find the reactions at the
walls
500 mm 400 mm

A 12 kN C B

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 5/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

Example: Consider a bar AB supported at both

ends by fixed supports, with an axial force of 12 kN
applied at C as illustrated. Find the reactions at the
walls
500 mm 400 mm

A 12 kN C B

Solution: First, draw a free body diagram:

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 5/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

Example: Consider a bar AB supported at both

ends by fixed supports, with an axial force of 12 kN
applied at C as illustrated. Find the reactions at the
walls
500 mm 400 mm

A 12 kN C B

Solution: First, draw a free body diagram:

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 5/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 6/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

Fx = RA + RB 12 = 0

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 6/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

Fx = RA + RB 12 = 0
RA + RB = 12

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 6/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

= RA + RB 12 = 0
Fx
RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 6/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

= RA + RB 12 = 0
Fx
RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so AB = 0.

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 6/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

= RA + RB 12 = 0
Fx
RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so AB = 0.
AC + CB = 0

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 6/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

= RA + RB 12 = 0
Fx
RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so AB = 0.
AC + CB = 0
RAE A 500
+ RBAE
400
= 0

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 6/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

= RA + RB 12 = 0
Fx
RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so AB = 0.
AC + CB = 0
RAE A 500
+ RBAE
400
= 0
400RB = 500RA

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 6/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

RA A 12 kN C B RB

= RA + RB 12 = 0
Fx
RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so AB = 0.
AC + CB = 0
RAE A 500
+ RBAE
400
= 0
400RB = 500RA
Now we have two equations and two unknowns; we can
solve for RA and RB
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 6/30
Statically Indeterminate Problems

RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 7/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA

RA = 12 RB

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 7/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA

RA = 12 RB

400RB = 500 (12 RB )

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 7/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA

RA = 12 RB

400RB = 500 (12 RB )

900RB = 6000

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 7/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA

RA = 12 RB

400RB = 500 (12 RB )

900RB = 6000

RB = 6.667 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 7/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA

RA = 12 RB

400RB = 500 (12 RB )

900RB = 6000

RB = 6.667 kN

RA = 5.333 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 7/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

500 mm 400 mm

5.333 kN 6.667 kN
A 12 kN C B

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 8/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

Exercise: Find RA and RB for the problem illustrated:

a b

A C B
P

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 9/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

Exercise: Find RA and RB for the problem illustrated:

a b

A C B
P

Solution: Draw free body diagram

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 9/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

Exercise: Find RA and RB for the problem illustrated:

a b

A C B
P

Solution: Draw free body diagram

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 9/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution:

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution: RA + RB P = 0

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution: RA + RB P = 0
RA = P RB

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution: RA + RB P = 0
RA = P RB

AC + CB = 0

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution: RA + RB P = 0
RA = P RB

AC + CB = 0
RA a RB b
AE + AE = 0

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution: RA + RB P = 0
RA = P RB

AC + CB = 0
RA a RB b
AE + AE = 0
aRA = bRB

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution: RA + RB P = 0
RA = P RB

AC + CB = 0
RA a RB b
AE + AE = 0
aRA = bRB
a (P RB ) = bRB

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution: RA + RB P = 0
RA = P RB

AC + CB = 0
RA a RB b
AE + AE = 0
aRA = bRB
a (P RB ) = bRB
aP = (a + b) RB

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution: RA + RB P = 0
RA = P RB

AC + CB = 0
RA a RB b
AE + AE = 0
aRA = bRB
a (P RB ) = bRB
aP = (a + b) RB
 
a
RB = a+b P

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems

a b

A C B
RA P RB

Solution: RA + RB P = 0
RA = P RB

AC + CB = 0
RA a RB b
AE + AE = 0
aRA = bRB
a (P RB ) = bRB
aP = (a + b) RB
 
a
RB = a+b P
 
b
RA = a+b P
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 10/30
Problems Involving Two Materials

Steel-reinforced concrete is used in the construction of

many structures:
Bridges
Basements
High-Rise Buildings
Stadia, such as the SaddleDome or the
Speed-Skating Oval

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 11/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Concrete has a high load-bearing capacity in

compression but is not very strong under a tensile
load.

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 12/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Concrete has a high load-bearing capacity in

compression but is not very strong under a tensile
load.
Steel rod has high load-bearing capacity in tension
but buckles easily under compression.

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 12/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Concrete has a high load-bearing capacity in

compression but is not very strong under a tensile
load.
Steel rod has high load-bearing capacity in tension
but buckles easily under compression.
Combining steel rod and concrete gives a building
material with both good tensile and compressive
load-bearing qualities.

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 12/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Steel in a concrete column also helps the concretes

compressive strength:

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 13/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Steel in a concrete column also helps the concretes

compressive strength:
PL


When a column is loaded, it deforms = AE

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 13/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Steel in a concrete column also helps the concretes

compressive strength:
PL


When a column is loaded, it deforms = AE
Under compression, is negative and there is
negative axial strain

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 13/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Steel in a concrete column also helps the concretes

compressive strength:
PL


When a column is loaded, it deforms = AE
Under compression, is negative and there is
negative axial strain
Consequently, there is a positive transverse strain
(t = a )

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 13/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Steel in a concrete column also helps the concretes

compressive strength:
PL


When a column is loaded, it deforms = AE
Under compression, is negative and there is
negative axial strain
Consequently, there is a positive transverse strain
(t = a )
The concrete is under tension laterally

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 13/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Steel in a concrete column also helps the concretes

compressive strength:
PL


When a column is loaded, it deforms = AE
Under compression, is negative and there is
negative axial strain
Consequently, there is a positive transverse strain
(t = a )
The concrete is under tension laterally
Horizontal steel-reinforcing increases the lateral
tensile strength of the column

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 13/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

A concrete footing is
poured:
It contains steel rebar
throughout
Steel extrudes from
the top of the footing
This will be attached
to the steel for the
column.

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 14/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Steel is tied for the column

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 15/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

A frame is built around the

steel and the concrete
column is poured

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 16/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 17/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

PC LC
We can use C = to calculate the deformation
AC EC
of concrete under a load

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 18/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

PC LC
We can use C = to calculate the deformation
AC EC
of concrete under a load
We can use S = APSS L
ES to calculate the deformation
S

of steel under a load

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 18/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

PC LC
We can use C = to calculate the deformation
AC EC
of concrete under a load
We can use S = APSS L
ES to calculate the deformation
S

of steel under a load

How can we calculate the deformation of a
steel-reinforced concrete column?

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 18/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

PC LC
We can use C = to calculate the deformation
AC EC
of concrete under a load
We can use S = APSS L
ES to calculate the deformation
S

of steel under a load

How can we calculate the deformation of a
steel-reinforced concrete column?
EC is not the same as ES so we cannot simply
PL
apply = AE for the whole column

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 18/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

PC LC
We can use C = to calculate the deformation
AC EC
of concrete under a load
We can use S = APSS L
ES to calculate the deformation
S

of steel under a load

How can we calculate the deformation of a
steel-reinforced concrete column?
EC is not the same as ES so we cannot simply
PL
apply = AE for the whole column
We cannot solve this problem directly using the
equations of statics, so this is a
statically-indeterminate problem
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 18/30
Problems Involving Two Materials

Example: A concrete column has a

D = 300 mm
diameter of 300 mm. The column has 6 steel
reinforcing rods.
Each rod has a cross-sectional area of A = 200 mm2
200 mm2 . (See plan view)
ES = 210 GPa and EC = 25 GPa 1.37 MN
The column is 1.15 m long and has a load of
1.37 MN is applied to a rigid steel plate at
the top of the column (the plate distributes
the load evenly over the top of the column).
1.15 m

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 19/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Example: A concrete column has a

D = 300 mm
diameter of 300 mm. The column has 6 steel
reinforcing rods.
Each rod has a cross-sectional area of A = 200 mm2
200 mm2 . (See plan view)
ES = 210 GPa and EC = 25 GPa 1.37 MN
The column is 1.15 m long and has a load of
1.37 MN is applied to a rigid steel plate at
the top of the column (the plate distributes
the load evenly over the top of the column).
1.15 m
Find the stress in the steel and in the
concrete, and the deformation under the load

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 19/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Let PS be the total reaction force of the

six steel rods and PC the reaction force of the
concrete.
1370 kN

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 20/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Let PS be the total reaction force of the

six steel rods and PC the reaction force of the
concrete.
1370 kN
Fy = PS + PC 1370 = 0

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 20/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Let PS be the total reaction force of the

six steel rods and PC the reaction force of the
concrete.
1370 kN
Fy = PS + PC 1370 = 0
PS + PC = 1370 kN

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 20/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Let PS be the total reaction force of the

six steel rods and PC the reaction force of the
concrete.
1370 kN
Fy = PS + PC 1370 = 0
PS + PC = 1370 kN
We have a single equation with two unknowns, so
the problem is statically indeterminate. PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 20/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Let PS be the total reaction force of the

six steel rods and PC the reaction force of the
concrete.
1370 kN
Fy = PS + PC 1370 = 0
PS + PC = 1370 kN
We have a single equation with two unknowns, so
the problem is statically indeterminate. PS PS
6 6
The concrete and the steel rods deform (contract) PC
by the same amount, , so...

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 20/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Let PS be the total reaction force of the

six steel rods and PC the reaction force of the
concrete.
1370 kN
Fy = PS + PC 1370 = 0
PS + PC = 1370 kN
We have a single equation with two unknowns, so
the problem is statically indeterminate. PS PS
6 6
The concrete and the steel rods deform (contract) PC
by the same amount, , so...
PS LS PC LC
==
AS ES AC EC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 20/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: PS LS PC LC
AS ES = AC EC

1370 kN

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 21/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: PS LS PC LC
AS ES = AC EC

PS 1150
= PC 1150 1370 kN
(6200)ES 300 2
(6200) EC
4

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 21/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: PS LS PC LC
AS ES = AC EC

PS 1150
= PC 1150 1370 kN
(6200)ES 300 2
(6200) EC
4

PS 1150 PC 1150
1200(200103 )
=
300 2

4
1200 (25103 )

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 21/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: PS LS PC LC
AS ES = AC EC

PS 1150
= PC 1150 1370 kN
(6200)ES 300 2
(6200) EC
4

PS 1150 PC 1150
1200(200103 )
=
300 2

4
1200 (25103 )

PS PS
PS PC
1200200 = 6948625
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 21/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: PS LS PC LC
AS ES = AC EC

PS 1150
= PC 1150 1370 kN
(6200)ES 300 2
(6200) EC
4

PS 1150 PC 1150
1200(200103 )
=
300 2

4
1200 (25103 )

PS PS
PS PC
1200200 = 6948625
6 6
PC
1200200
PS = 6948625 PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 21/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: PS LS PC LC
AS ES = AC EC

PS 1150
= PC 1150 1370 kN
(6200)ES 300 2
(6200) EC
4

PS 1150 PC 1150
1200(200103 )
=
300 2

4
1200 (25103 )

PS PS
PS PC
1200200 = 6948625
6 6
PC
1200200
PS = 6948625 PC

PS = 0.13816PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 21/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: PS LS PC LC
AS ES = AC EC

PS 1150
= PC 1150 1370 kN
(6200)ES 300 2
(6200) EC
4

PS 1150 PC 1150
1200(200103 )
=
300 2

4
1200 (25103 )

PS PS
PS PC
1200200 = 6948625
6 6
PC
1200200
PS = 6948625 PC

PS = 0.13816PC
We now have two equations for the two unknowns,
PS and PC .
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 21/30
Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 22/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
0.13816PC + PC = 1370

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 22/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
0.13816PC + PC = 1370
1370
PC = 1+0.13816
PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 22/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
0.13816PC + PC = 1370
1370
PC = 1+0.13816
PC = 1203.7 kN PS
6
PS
6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 22/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
0.13816PC + PC = 1370
1370
PC = 1+0.13816
PC = 1203.7 kN PS
6
PS
6
PS = 166.3 kN PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 22/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
0.13816PC + PC = 1370
1370
PC = 1+0.13816
PC = 1203.7 kN PS
6
PS
6
PS = 166.3 kN PC

We can now calculate the stress in the steel and in

the concrete

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 22/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

1370 kN

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN

1370 kN

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN
PC
C = A
1370 kN

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN
PC
C = A
1098 1370 kN
C = 3002
4
(6200)

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN
PC
C = A
1098 1370 kN
C = 3002
4
(6200)
kN
C = 0.0580 mm2

PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN
PC
C = A
1098 1370 kN
C = 3002
4
(6200)
kN
C = 0.0580 mm2

C = 58.0 MPa
PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN
PC
C = A
1098 1370 kN
C = 3002
4
(6200)
kN
C = 0.0580 mm2

C = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6
PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN
PC
C = A
1098 1370 kN
C = 3002
4
(6200)
kN
C = 0.0580 mm2

C = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6

PS = 152 kN PC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN
PC
C = A
1098 1370 kN
C = 3002
4
(6200)
kN
C = 0.0580 mm2

C = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6

PS = 152 kN PC
152
S = (6200)

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN
PC
C = A
1098 1370 kN
C = 3002
4
(6200)
kN
C = 0.0580 mm2

C = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6

PS = 152 kN PC
152
S = (6200)
kN
S = 0.1267 mm2

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the stress in the concrete:

PC = 1098 kN
PC
C = A
1098 1370 kN
C = 3002
4
(6200)
kN
C = 0.0580 mm2

C = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6

PS = 152 kN PC
152
S = (6200)
kN
S = 0.1267 mm2

S = 126.7 MPa
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 23/30
Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the deformation in the concrete:

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 24/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the deformation in the concrete:

PC LC
C = AC EC

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 24/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the deformation in the concrete:

PC LC
C = AC EC
1098(3.5103 )
C = 2
( 300
4
1200)(25103 )

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 24/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the deformation in the concrete:

PC LC
C = AC EC
1098(3.5103 )
C = 2
( 300
4
1200)(25103 )

C = 0.00221 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 24/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the deformation in the concrete:

PC LC
C = AC EC
1098(3.5103 )
C = 2
( 300
4
1200)(25103 )

C = 0.00221 mm
Find the deformation in the steel (if weve done our calculations correctly,
then S = C ):
PS LS
S = AS ES

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 24/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the deformation in the concrete:

PC LC
C = AC EC
1098(3.5103 )
C = 2
( 300
4
1200)(25103 )

C = 0.00221 mm
Find the deformation in the steel (if weve done our calculations correctly,
then S = C ):
PS LS
S = AS ES
152(3.5103 )
S = 1200(200103 )

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 24/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the deformation in the concrete:

PC LC
C = AC EC
1098(3.5103 )
C = 2
( 300
4
1200)(25103 )

C = 0.00221 mm
Find the deformation in the steel (if weve done our calculations correctly,
then S = C ):
PS LS
S = AS ES
152(3.5103 )
S = 1200(200103 )
S = 0.00222 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 24/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the deformation in the concrete:

PC LC
C = AC EC
1098(3.5103 )
C = 2
( 300
4
1200)(25103 )

C = 0.00221 mm
Find the deformation in the steel (if weve done our calculations correctly,
then S = C ):
PS LS
S = AS ES
152(3.5103 )
S = 1200(200103 )
S = 0.00222 mm
The small difference in deformation is due to rounding errors

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 24/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

115 mm
Exercise: A hollow square steel
structural section has outside dimensions of 105 mm

115 mm 115 mm and inside dimensions of

105 mm 105 mm. It is filled with concrete,
as shown in plan view (upper right). The 250 kN

section is 3.5 m and supports a compressive

load of 250 kN. 175 mm
ES = 200 GPa and EC = 20 GPa.

Find S , C and

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 25/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the areas of the steel and

of the concrete: 115 mm

105 mm

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 26/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the areas of the steel and

of the concrete: 115 mm

AS = (2 115 5) + (2 105 5) 105 mm

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 26/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the areas of the steel and

of the concrete: 115 mm

AS = (2 115 5) + (2 105 5) 105 mm

= 2200 mm2

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 26/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the areas of the steel and

of the concrete: 115 mm

AS = (2 115 5) + (2 105 5) 105 mm

= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 105
250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 26/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the areas of the steel and

of the concrete: 115 mm

AS = (2 115 5) + (2 105 5) 105 mm

= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 105
250 kN
= 11025 mm2

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 26/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the areas of the steel and

of the concrete: 115 mm

AS = (2 115 5) + (2 105 5) 105 mm

= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 105
250 kN
= 11025 mm2
Let PS be the reaction force of the steel and
175 mm
PC the reaction force of the concrete.

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 26/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the areas of the steel and

of the concrete: 115 mm

AS = (2 115 5) + (2 105 5) 105 mm

= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 105
250 kN
= 11025 mm2
Let PS be the reaction force of the steel and
175 mm
PC the reaction force of the concrete. Then,

Fy = PS + PC 250 = 0

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 26/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Find the areas of the steel and

of the concrete: 115 mm

AS = (2 115 5) + (2 105 5) 105 mm

= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 105
250 kN
= 11025 mm2
Let PS be the reaction force of the steel and
175 mm
PC the reaction force of the concrete. Then,

Fy = PS + PC 250 = 0
P S + PC = 250 kN

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 26/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: The steel casing and the

concrete both deform by the same amount
115 mm

105 mm

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 27/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: The steel casing and the

concrete both deform by the same amount
PC LC PS LS 115 mm
AC EC = AS ES

105 mm

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 27/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: The steel casing and the

concrete both deform by the same amount
PC LC PS LS 115 mm
AC EC = AS ES
(PC 103 )175 (PS 103 )175
11025(200103 )
= 2200(200103 )
105 mm

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 27/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: The steel casing and the

concrete both deform by the same amount
PC LC PS LS 115 mm
AC EC = AS ES
(PC 103 )175 (PS 103 )175
11025(200103 )
= 2200(200103 )
105 mm

PC PS
1102520 = 2200200

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 27/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: The steel casing and the

concrete both deform by the same amount
PC LC PS LS 115 mm
AC EC = AS ES
(PC 103 )175 (PS 103 )175
11025(200103 )
= 2200(200103 )
105 mm

PC PS
1102520 = 2200200
1102520
PC = 2200200 PS 250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 27/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: The steel casing and the

concrete both deform by the same amount
PC LC PS LS 115 mm
AC EC = AS ES
(PC 103 )175 (PS 103 )175
11025(200103 )
= 2200(200103 )
105 mm

PC PS
1102520 = 2200200
1102520
PC = 2200200 PS 250 kN

PC = 0.5011PS

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 27/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: The steel casing and the

concrete both deform by the same amount
PC LC PS LS 115 mm
AC EC = AS ES
(PC 103 )175 (PS 103 )175
11025(200103 )
= 2200(200103 )
105 mm

PC PS
1102520 = 2200200
1102520
PC = 2200200 PS 250 kN

PC = 0.5011PS
Fy = 0 so 175 mm

PC + PS 250 = 0

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 27/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: The steel casing and the

concrete both deform by the same amount
PC LC PS LS 115 mm
AC EC = AS ES
(PC 103 )175 (PS 103 )175
11025(200103 )
= 2200(200103 )
105 mm

PC PS
1102520 = 2200200
1102520
PC = 2200200 PS 250 kN

PC = 0.5011PS
Fy = 0 so 175 mm

PC + PS 250 = 0
PC = 250 PS

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 27/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: The steel casing and the

concrete both deform by the same amount
PC LC PS LS 115 mm
AC EC = AS ES
(PC 103 )175 (PS 103 )175
11025(200103 )
= 2200(200103 )
105 mm

PC PS
1102520 = 2200200
1102520
PC = 2200200 PS 250 kN

PC = 0.5011PS
Fy = 0 so 175 mm

PC + PS 250 = 0
PC = 250 PS
Now we have two equations for the two
unknowns, PC and PS
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 27/30
Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 PS
105 mm

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 28/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 PS
105 mm
250 PS = 0.5011PS

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 28/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 PS
105 mm
250 PS = 0.5011PS
250
PS = 1+0.5011
250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 28/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 PS
105 mm
250 PS = 0.5011PS
250
PS = 1+0.5011
PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 28/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 PS
105 mm
250 PS = 0.5011PS
250
PS = 1+0.5011
PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN

PC = 83.5 kN
175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 28/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 PS
105 mm
250 PS = 0.5011PS
250
PS = 1+0.5011
PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN

PC = 83.5 kN
Now, find the stress in the steel: 175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 28/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 PS
105 mm
250 PS = 0.5011PS
250
PS = 1+0.5011
PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN

PC = 83.5 kN
Now, find the stress in the steel: 175 mm

PS
S = AS

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 28/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 PS
105 mm
250 PS = 0.5011PS
250
PS = 1+0.5011
PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN

PC = 83.5 kN
Now, find the stress in the steel: 175 mm

PS
S = AS
166.5103
S = 2200

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 28/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 PS
105 mm
250 PS = 0.5011PS
250
PS = 1+0.5011
PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN

PC = 83.5 kN
Now, find the stress in the steel: 175 mm

PS
S = AS
166.5103
S = 2200
S = 75.7 MPa
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 28/30
Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Now, find the stress in the

115 mm
concrete:
105 mm

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 29/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Now, find the stress in the

115 mm
concrete:
PC
C = AC
105 mm

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 29/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Now, find the stress in the

115 mm
concrete:
PC
C = AC
105 mm

83.5103
C = 11025

250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 29/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Now, find the stress in the

115 mm
concrete:
PC
C = AC
105 mm

83.5103
C = 11025
C = 7.57 MPa 250 kN

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 29/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Now, find the stress in the

115 mm
concrete:
PC
C = AC
105 mm

83.5103
C = 11025
C = 7.57 MPa 250 kN

Now, find the deformation:

175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 29/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Now, find the stress in the

115 mm
concrete:
PC
C = AC
105 mm

83.5103
C = 11025
C = 7.57 MPa 250 kN

Now, find the deformation:

PC LC
= AC EC
175 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 29/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Now, find the stress in the

115 mm
concrete:
PC
C = AC
105 mm

83.5103
C = 11025
C = 7.57 MPa 250 kN

Now, find the deformation:

PC LC
= AC EC
175 mm

(83.5103 )175
= 11025(20103 )

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 29/30

Problems Involving Two Materials

Solution: Now, find the stress in the

115 mm
concrete:
PC
C = AC
105 mm

83.5103
C = 11025
C = 7.57 MPa 250 kN

Now, find the deformation:

PC LC
= AC EC
175 mm

(83.5103 )175
= 11025(20103 )
= 0.0663 mm

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 29/30

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials

Created by Dave Morgan using LATEX 2 and Prosper on January 26, 2006

Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials p. 30/30