GE Aviation

Engine Condition
Monitoring

Derate
and
Reduced Thrust
GE AVIATION DIAGNOSTICS TRAINING MANUAL
THE POWER
OF FLIGHT

Terminology

Derate: Takeoff at a rating less than maximum takeoff thrust
Rating with separate limitations and performance data in the AFM.
Corresponds to an alternate thrust setting (e.g. 27K to 26K)
The derated thrust setting becomes an operating limitation for takeoff.

Reduced Thrust: A thrust setting lower than the rating selected
(e.g assumed temperature)
This is not a limitation for the takeoff.
( i.e., full thrust may be selected at any time during the takeoff)

Note: On some installations derated thrust and reduced thrust
can be used together
(e.g., a derated thrust can be selected and thrust further reduced using
the assumed temperature method)

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Derate

Diagnostics uses takeoff data to compute the amount of engine derate
(i.e. reduced thrust / operation below rated thrust)
required input -- altitude, TAT, Mach, fan speed, and bleed status
two derate values calculated
Fan speed derate (DELN1)
Thrust derate (DELFN)

Measured fan speed is compared to the predicted fan speed necessary

for full-rated thrust at the flight condition (power-management fan speed)

Deriving full-power fan-speed most challenging aspect

power-management fan speed at takeoff flight conditions
adjusted for air conditioning and anti-ice bleed

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Derate Calculations

FNK Power management (PM)

thrust curve

% Thrust PM
Derate
Projected

N1K
Fan Speed Derate = N1KPM - N1Kmeasured PM
Fan Speed
Thrust Derate = 100 x (1 - FNKmeasured ) Measured
Derate
FNKPM

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Derate (Cont.)
Comments About Derate
Thrust Derate (DELFN) is measured in %
DELFN = 0, when the engine is operated at full-rated thrust
Positive DELFN indicates the engine is being run at a derate or Reduced Thrust
Negative DELFN indicates that the engine is being over-boosted
Hydro-mechanically controlled engines often experience negative DELFN.
(generally no more than 10% and it occurs intermittently)
Engines with regular negative DELFN should be checked for proper engine
control functioning (PMC on MEL)
Switching from Bleeds OFF to Bleeds On during Takeoff can cause an error in
Takeoff thrust management, which shows up as negative DELFN
(over-boosting)
All engines should experience full-rated thrust (DELFN = 0) at some point in time.
For engines that do not, check the thrust configuration in the Diagnostics system or
look for N1 indication errors.

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Example of Thrust Derate Variation Over Time

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