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Title of Research Paper

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Name of School

Date

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Abstract

(No indent.) An abstract is not always necessary in a paper, so please refer to the teachers

requirements. If needed, write the word Abstract as your Heading Level 1 (centered and bold).

The first line of the body text doesnt have an indent. An abstract consists of a concise summary

of the key points of your research. Your abstract should contain at least your research topic,

research questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and conclusions. You may also

include possible implications of your research and future work you see connected with your

findings. Your abstract should be a single paragraph double-spaced. Your abstract should be

between 150 and 250 words. (Paiz et al., 2012a) To count the number of words in this

paragraph, select the paragraph, and on the Tools menu click Word Count. You may also want

to list keywords from your paper in your abstract. To do this, indent as you would if you were

starting a new paragraph, type Keywords: (italicized), and then list your keywords. Listing your

keywords will help researchers find your work in databases. (Paiz et al., 2012a)

Keywords: template, sixth edition, APA

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Table of Contents

Abstract..........................................................................................................................................1

Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................2

Headings.........................................................................................................................................3

Heading Level 1..............................................................................................................................4

Heading Level 2.................................................................................................................. 4

Citations..........................................................................................................................................5

Footnotes and Endnotes..............................................................................................................11

Tables.............................................................................................................................................11

Figures...........................................................................................................................................13

References.....................................................................................................................................17

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Title of Paper

APA (American Psychological Association) is the most commonly used format to cite

sources within the social sciences. (Paiz et al., 2012b) This template offers a general format of

the 6th edition of APA, and also provides examples for the citations, bibliography, endnotes, and

footnotes. OWL, the Purdue Online Writing Lab, is the main source for this template.

The margins of the entire template are one inch (2.54 cm) at the top, bottom, left, and right;

Times New Roman font in 12 point; double-spaced; aligned flush left; and paragraphs indented

5-7 spaces.

Headings

APA Style uses a unique headings system to separate and classify paper sections. There

are 5 heading levels in APA. The 6th edition of the APA manual revises and simplifies previous

heading guidelines. Regardless of the number of levels, always use the headings in order,

beginning with level 1. (Paiz et al., 2012c)

If a Table of Contents is necessary in the research paper, its a good idea to use the different

heading options for APA that are found in the Styles menu. This way, when the Table of Contents

is inserted at the beginning of the research paper, all the headings will appear and, if necessary,

may also be updated.

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Heading Level 1

Heading 1 is centered and bold. (Please dont add the yellow highlight to the heading!)

Heading Level 2

The Heading Level 2 is left aligned and bold. (Please dont add the yellow highlight to

the heading!)

Heading Level 3. The Heading Level 3 has one indent, is bold, and has a period at the

end. The text of the paragraph begins after the period. (Please dont add the yellow

highlight to the heading!)

Heading Level 4. The Heading Level 4 has one indent, is bold, is italicized and has a

period at the end. The text of the paragraph begins after the period. (Please dont add the

yellow highlight to the heading!)

Heading Level 5. The Heading Level 5 has one indent, is italicized and has a period at the

end. The text of the paragraph begins after the period. (Please dont add the yellow highlight to

the heading!)

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Citations

In a research paper, its important to state which words and ideas are yours and which

words and ideas belong to other people. (Raimes, 1999, p. 82) This way, you let the reader

know where the information came from.

A citation is found in the body of the paper, and represents the short version of the

reference, and may be short or long. You may also create a summary or paraphrase an idea that

belongs to someone else.

Short Citation

A short citation has less than 40 words and should be found in the body of the text. This

citation should include the author, the year of publication, a p. and the page number for the

reference. (Paiz et al., 2012d)

According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it

was their first time" (p. 199).

If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author's last name, the year of

publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation. (Paiz et al., 2012d)

She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not

offer an explanation as to why.

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Long Citation

A long citation has more than 40 words and should be placed in a free-standing block

after the main paragraph. It should have no quotation marks and it should have an extra tab on

the left margin. The page number citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. (Paiz

et al., 2012d)

Jones's (1998) study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first

time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many

students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

Paraphrase

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If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to

the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to

also provide the page number (although it is not required.) (Paiz et al., 2012d)

When writing a paper, sources may be used in different ways. (Boyd, 2010)

1. Using a source as background information.

2. Using a source as an example.

3. Criticizing or analyzing a source.

4. Comparing two or more sources.

To paraphrase one of these sources, the sentences may begin the following way:

1. Using a source as background information

According to (author/source)_____ (date )_____ the main idea about this subject is
2. Using a source as an example

For example, (author/source)_____ (date )_____ stated/explained/believed/argued that

3. Criticizing or analyzing a source

However, so far it has not been proven, that (author/source)_______ (date )_____ may

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have indeed

In order to carry out an in-depth analysis of the issues raised by (author/source___ (date),

it has been necessary to

4. Comparing two or more sources

The similarities/differences between (author/source)_______ (date )_____ and

(author/source)_______ (date )_____ have been

Both (author/source)_______ (date )_____ and (author/source)_______ (date )_____

have tried to solve a similar situation by

There are a variety of verbs that may be used for paraphrases.

1. First, pick an appropriate verb. For example, in a study an author explains and

defines but does not necessarily argues. Whereas in an opinion piece, the author

may, in fact, argue a point of view. (Boyd, 2010, p.3)

2. Second,mostverbsinAPAarewritteninthepast(example:theauthorstated)orpast

perfect(example:theauthorhasstated).(Boyd,2010,p.3)
Hereisalistofattributiveverbs(pasttense)thatmaybehelpfulforparaphrases.

(UniversityofTexas,Austin,n.d)

accepted assumed contended explained noted revealed

accounted for believed contented expressed objected saw
acknowledged categorized criticized found observed showed
addressed challenged dealt with granted offered speculated

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added charged decided hypothesized opposed stated

admitted cited declared illustrated pointed out suggested
advised claimed defined implied proposed supported
affirmed commented denied indicated questioned supposed
agreed compared described insinuated realized thought
alleged complained disagreed insisted reasoned used
allowed conceded discussed interpreted refuted utilized
analyzed concluded disputed introduced rejected verified
answered concurred emphasized listed remarked whined
argued confessed emphasized maintained replied wrote
asked confirmed endorsed mentioned reported
asserted considered exclaimed mumbled responded

To cite (quotation or paraphrases) a work of art, the Library Information Common (2012a)

states the following:

General Format Example

(Artist Surname, Year) (Di Carpi, 1540)

To cite (quotation or paraphrases) a motion picture, the Library Information Common

(2012c) states the following:

General Format

(Producer Surname & Director Surname, Year)

Example

(Davidson & Davidson, 1999)

To cite (quotation or paraphrases) a Youtube video, the Library Information Common

(2012d) states the following:

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General Format

(Autor Surname of Screen name, Year)

Example

(Norton, 2006)

Footnotes and Endnotes

APA does not recommend the use of footnotes and endnotes because they are often

expensive for publishers to reproduce. (Paiz et al., 2012e) A footnote is a note of reference,

explanation, or comment usually placed below the text on a printed page (Merriam

Webster, 2012) In APA, it is used to provide content1 and copyright.2 The endnote is a note

placed at the end of the text.) (Merriam Webster, 2012) In either case, insert a number

formatted in superscript following almost any punctuation mark. (Paiz et al., 2012e)i (Please

check the example of an endnote at the end of this document, after the References.)

Tables

Tables show numerical values arranged in an orderly display of columns and rows. These

are particularly used when quantitative information is being conveyed. The entire table could be

single or double-spaced (including the table number, title, headings within the table, and notes on

the bottom). All vertical lines should also be eliminated.

1
Copies of the complete 56-item attitude scale and check sheet may be obtained from Douglas Degelman.
2
The chart is from "A Seven-Power Lens on 21st-Century Literacy" by D. Abilock, 2003, Multimedia Schools, 10,
p. 30. Copyright 2003 by Debbie Abilock. Reprinted with permission.

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Even though APA does not specify the typeface that may be used in tables, A sans serif

type may be used in figures, however, to provide a clean and simple line that enhances the visual

presentation. (American Psychological Association, 2010, p.229)

If you reproduce a table from a copyrighted source, you must obtain written permission for

print and give credit in the table caption to the original author and copyright holder. If you create

your own table, you may follow these guidelines and include these three characteristics to your

table:

1. Table number. Number all tables with Arabic numerals in the order in which they first

mentioned in the text, regardless of whether a more detailed discussion of the table

occurs later in the paper. Label them as Table 1, Table 2, etc. When you cite a table,

refer to it by its number: as shown in Table 8, the responses were provided Do

not write the table above (or below) o the table on page 32.

2. Title. Provide a brief and explanatory title.

3. Notes. There are three types of notes for tables: general, specific, and probability notes.

All of them must be placed below the table in that order.

a. General notes explain, qualify or provide information about the table as a

whole. Put explanations of abbreviations, symbols, etc. here.

b. Specific notes explain, qualify or provide information about a particular column,

row, or individual entry.

c. Probability notes provide the reader with the results of the texts for statistical

significance.

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Table 1.

Enrollment in Local Colleges, 2005

College New students Graduating students Change

Cedar University 110 103 +7
Elm College 223 214 +9
Oak Institute 202 210 -8

Total 998 908 90

Note. Fictitious data, for illustration purposes only

Figures

A figure may be a chart, a graph, a photograph, a drawing, or any other illustration or

nontextual depiction. These are particularly used when qualitative information is being

conveyed.

Graphs are used to display the relationship between two quantitative variables.

Charts display a flow of subjects through a process.

Maps generally display spatial information.

Drawings show information pictorially.

Photographs contain direct visual representations of information.

If you reproduce a figure from a copyrighted source, you must obtain written permission

for print and give credit in the figure caption to the original author and copyright holder.

If you create your own table, you may follow these guidelines and must include these three

characteristics to your figure.

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1. Figure number. Number all figures with Arabic numerals in the order in which they

first mentioned in the text, regardless of whether a more detailed discussion of the

figure occurs later in the paper. Label them as Figure 1, Figure 2, etc. When you cite a

figure, refer to it by its number: as shown in Figure 8, the sequence of lines Do

not write the figure above (or below) o the figure on page 32.

2. Caption (title of figure). Its a descriptive title or a brief explanation of the figure. It is

mandatory and it is always placed directly below the figure. A sans serif type may be

used in figures, however, to provide a clean and simple line that enhances the visual

presentation. (American Psychological Association, 2010, p.229)

3. Legend. Its optional information that follows the caption in order to provide any

additional commentary or a more detailed explanation of the figure.

These are examples of captions that are placed under figures that belong to different

sources, provided from Library Information Common (2012b). When you use a figure in your

paper that has been adapted or copied directly from another source, you need to reference the

original source. This reference appears as a caption underneath the figure that you copied or

adapted for your paper.Any image that is reproduced from another source also needs to come

with copyright permission; it is not enough just to cite the source.

Source from a Book

General Format

Figure X. Descriptive phrase that serves as title and description. Reprinted [or adapted]

from Book Title (page number), by Author First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Year,

Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright [Year] by the Name of Copyright Holder.

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Reprinted [or adapted] with permission.

Example 1

Figure 1. Short-term memory test involving pictures. Reprinted from Short-term

Memory Loss (p.73), by K.M. Pike, 2008, New York, NY: Mackerlin Press. Copyright

2008 by the Association for Memory Research. Reprinted with permission.

Source from a Journal Article

General Format

Figure X. Descriptive phrase that serves as title and description. Reprinted (or adapted) from

Title of Article, by Author First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Year, Journal Title, Volume

(issue), page number. Copyright (Year) by the Name of Copyright Holder. Reprinted (or

adapted) with permission.

Example

Figure 1. Schematic drawings of a birds eye view of the table. Adapted from Visual

Experience Enhances Infants, by S. Wang and L. Kohne, 2007, Developmental Psychology,

43,p. 1515. Copyright 2003 by the American Psychological Association.

Source from a Website

General Format

Figure X. Descriptive phrase that serves as title and description. Reprinted (or adapted) from

Title of Website, by Author First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Year, Retrieved Date from

URL. Copyrightt (year) by the Name of Copyright Holder. Reprinted (or adapted) with

permission.
Example
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Figure 1. An example of the cobra yoga position. Reprinted from List of Yoga postures, in

Wikipedia, n.d., Retrieved October 28, 2009, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_yoga_postures. Copyright 2007 by Joseph Renger.

Reprinted with permission.

Shortterm
Memory Test
Memory

Figure 1. Short-term memory test involving pictures. Reprinted from Short-term Memory

Loss (p. 73), by K. M. Pike, 2008, New York, NY: Mackerlin Press. Copyright 2008 by

the Association for Memory Research. Reprinted with permission

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References

Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information

necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each

source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the

reference list must be cited in your text. (Paiz et al., 2012f)

Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label

this page "References" centered at the top of the page (do NOT bold, underline, or use quotation

marks for the title). All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay. (Paiz et al.,

2012f). Please use the Hanging option in your paragraph for each entry.

Basic Format for Books

Author, A. A., & Author, A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle.

Location: Publisher.
Example

Calfee, R. C. & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal

publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (Paiz et al., 2012g)

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Article From an Online Periodical

Even if APA doesnt require a date of retrieval of the online document, IB requires doing so.

Author, A. A.(Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume

number (issue number if available). Retrieved Date, from

http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
Example

Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A list apart: For people who make

websites, 149. Retrieved August 13, 2012 from

http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving (Paiz et al., 2012h)

To create a reference for a work of art, retrieved from a website, the Library Information

Common (2012a) states the following:

General Format

Artist Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of the artwork [Format]. Retrieved

Date, from URL

Example

Di Carpi, G. (1540). The holy family [image]. Retrieved September 20, 2012, from

http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/objects/o707.html

To create a reference for a motion picture, the Library Information Common (2012c) states

the following:

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General Format

Producer Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Producer), & Director Surname, First Initial.

Second Initial. (Director). (Year). Title of movie [Format e.g. Motion picture or DVD].

Country where movie was produced: Name of Studio.

Example

Davidson, F. (Producer), & Davidson, J. (Director). (1999). B. F. Skinner: A fresh appraisal

[Motion picture]. United States: Davidson Films.

To create a reference for a Youtube video, the Library Information Common (2012d) states

the following:

General Format

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Author screen name. (Year, Month Day of

video post}). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved Date, from URL of specific video
Example

Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file].

Retrieved September 20, 2012, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs

References

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication Anual of the American Psychological

Association (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

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Boyd,C.(2010)HowtoWriteaSummary.Retrievedfrom

http://boydsteachingresources.pbworks.com/w/file/3730783/SummaryHowto.doc

Library Information Common. (2012a). Electronic Image. APA Citation Style 6th Edition.

Retrieved September 20, 2012, from

Library Information Common. (2012b). Figures. APA Citation Style 6th Edition. Retrieved

September 20, 2012, from http://rdc.libguides.com/content.php?pid=51657&sid=2045415

Library Information Common. (2012c). Motion Picture. APA Citation Style 6th Edition.

Retrieved September 20, 2012, from http://rdc.libguides.com/content.php?

pid=51657&sid=379147

Library Information Common. (2012d). Youtube Video. APA Citation Style 6th Edition.

Retrieved September 20, 2012, from http://rdc.libguides.com/content.php?

pid=51657&sid=379149

Meriam Webster. (2012). Endnote. Retrieved August 10, 2012, from http://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/endnote?show=0&t=1344627812

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Meriam Webster. (2012). Footnote. Retrieved August 10, 2012, from http://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/footnote

Paiz, J. M., Angeli E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., Brizee,

A., & Keck, R. Abstract. (2012a). Abstract. General Format. Purdue Online Writing Lab.

Retrieved August 10, 2012, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Paiz, J. M., Angeli E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., Brizee,

A., & Keck, R. Abstract. (2012b). General Format. Purdue Online Writing Lab. Retrieved

August 10, 2012, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Paiz, J. M., Angeli E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., Brizee,

A., & Keck, R. Abstract. (2012c). Headings. APA Headings and Seriation. Purdue Online

Writing Lab. Retrieved August 10, 2012, from

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/16/

Paiz, J. M., Angeli E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., Brizee,

A., & Keck, R. Abstract. (2012d). Short quotations. Long quotarions. Summary or

paraphrase. In-Text Citations: The Basics. APA Headings and Seriation. Purdue Online

Writing Lab. Retrieved August 10, 2012, from

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/

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Paiz, J. M., Angeli E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., Brizee,

A., & Keck, R. Abstract. (2012e). Footnotes and endnotes. Purdue Online Writing Lab.

Retrieved August 10, 2012, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/04/

Paiz, J. M., Angeli E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., Brizee,

A., & Keck, R. Abstract. (2012f). Reference List: Basic Rules. Purdue Online Writing Lab.

Retrieved August 10, 2012, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/05/

Paiz, J. M., Angeli E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., Brizee,

A., & Keck, R. Abstract. (2012g). Basic Format for Books. Reference List: Books. Purdue

Online Writing Lab. Retrieved August 10, 2012, from

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/08/

Paiz, J. M., Angeli E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., Brizee,

A., & Keck, R. Abstract. (2012h). Article From an Online Periodical. Reference List:

Electronic Sources (Web Publications). Purdue Online Writing Lab. Retrieved August 10,

2012, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/

Raimes, Ann. (1999) Keys for Writers. A Brief Handbook. Boston, MA : Houghton Mifflin.

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SouthernIllinoisUniversityCarbondale.(n.d.)APAEditorialGuidelines.Retrievedfrom

http://wed.siu.edu/Public1/courses/APA/apa13.htm

UniversityofTexas,Austin.(n.d.)Generallistofattributiveverbs.Retrievedfrom

http://uwc.utexas.edu/handouts/attribution

Endnotes

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