SYNOPSIS REPORT

ON
(DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HOVERCRAFT)

SUBMITTED BY

NAME OF STUDENTS (ROLL NO.)

SUMIT RAGHAV 1301020046

SACHIN VERMA 1301020042
VARUN SINGH 1301020016
VIKAS RAGHAV 1301020039
RAHUL SAINI 1301020038
SAHIL 1301020044
NEELESH 1301020018

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. Surender Yadav

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

K. R. MANGALAM UNIVERSITY, SOHNA ROAD GURGAON

(April 2017)
 Synopsis Approval Form

It is certified that the work contained in the synopsis report titled "Title of the Project
Report," by the following students:

Name of Student Roll no

SUMIT RAGHAV 1301020046

SACHIN VERMA 1301020042
VARUN SINGH 1301020016
VIKAS RAGHAV 1301020039
RAHUL SAINI 1301020038
SAHIL 1301020044
NEELESH 1301020018

has been carried out under my/our supervision and that this work has not been submitted elsewhere for
a degree.

[Signature of Supervisor(s)]

[Mr. Surender Yadav]

Mechanical Engineering Department

K.R.M.U. April,2017
 Synopsis Approval Form

It is certified that the work contained in the synopsis report titled "Design and fabrication
of Hovercraft", by the following students:

Name of Student Roll no.

SUMIT RAGHAV 1301020046

SACHIN VERMA 1301020042
VARUN SINGH 1301020016
VIKAS RAGHAV 1301020039
RAHUL SAINI 1301020038
SAHIL 1301020044
NEELESH 1301020018

Has been carried out under my supervision and that this work has not been submitted
elsewhere for a degree.

[Signature of Supervisor]

[Mr. Surender Yadav]

Mechanical Engineering Department

K.R.M.U. April, 2017

 Major Outlines of the Synopsis report

1. Introduction
Hovercrafts are vehicles that can traverse over a diverse range of relatively smooth
terrain. A cushion of air is generated through a lifting fan underneath the vehicle. A
flexible skirt traps this air simultaneously and causes an increase of air pressure. This
trapped cushion of air provides a frictionless surface to glide upon and hence gives the
hovercraft the ability to traverse water, ice, snow, or mud. The purpose of this paper is
not to present a new or augmented design to the already conventional literature. The
purpose is to utilize the established theory to design and fabricate a hovercraft with
the resources and equipment available.

2. Objective

The aim of the project is to utilize the established theory to design and fabricate a
hovercraft with the resources and equipment available at minimum cost by adopting
the following points in mind:

No. Consideration Priority Comments

1 Performance Essential Must transport over
land
2 Serviceability Essential Must be easy to
maintain be designer
3 Manufacturability Essential Must be constructed
with limited
resources
4 Economic High Must minimize cost

3. Methodology
The following five steps involved are :
i. Selection of the problem- Review concept and theories and prepare theoretical
frame work. The problem is selected and defined. The feasibility of the problem
depends on its delimitations. Hence, the problem is also delimited in this step.
ii. Formulation of hypotheses- Some tentative solutions are given for the problem
when these solutions are based on certain rationale they are termed as hypothesis.
Therefore, in this step hypotheses are formulated.
iii. Design of research- These hypotheses are subjected to verification. A design of
research is developed for collection of data or evidences for testing the
hypotheses. It involves method, sample and techniques of research. The
 appropriate method and techniques are selected for this purpose.

Lift and Thrust system of hovercraft

iv. Collection of data-The methods of data collection like observation, questionnaire,

survey and case study etc. are administered and data are collected.
v. Analysis of data - The appropriate statistical techniques are used to analyze the
data so that some decisions may be taken about the hypotheses. The results are
used to draw some conclusions.

Lift related calculations:-

a. Area of top plywood or plywood 1:- A1=1.5942m2
b. Area of top plywood or plywood 1:- A2=0.5729m2
c. Area of skirt cross section:- A3=0.3193m2
d. Volume of air inside skirt envelope:- V1=0.15247m3
e. Volume of air between plywoods:- V2=0.02182m3
f. Volume of air between ground and base2:- V3=0.0436m3
g. Total volume enclosed including air between base & ground:-
V=0.49101m3

Blower specifications:-

a. Material: cast iron

b. Speed: 2500-2800rpm
c. Diameter of discharge pipe: 0.073m
d. Speed of exit air through blower: 65-70m/s(verified through
mathematical method and anemometer instrument)
e. Discharge through blower: 0.28316m3/s or 600CFM (cubic feet per
minute)
 Thrust system:- The air is not directed to the cushion and skirt is propelled backwards,
providing forward thrust to the craft. The size of the propeller, rpm output of the engine,
and height of the lift/thrust divider are the formative parameters for the thrust
force.Therefore the related thrust calculations are:-
a. Coefficient of friction between vinyl (rubber) and dry asphalt () is 0.8
b.Total weight of the hovercraft including pilot (N) =150kg=1471.5N
c. Therefore force required to overcome friction to propel Ff = N
d.0.8*1471.5=1177Newton
e. Area of duct (dia=24inch=0.6m) =0.2827m2
f. Thrust required to propel=force =1177N
g.Since hovercraft works on the principle of air cushion i.e. there is no
friction
h.underneath it as it hovers so thrust required would be approx 30
percent of
i. the calculated one. 1177*30%=353N
j. Now power required is given by P=thrust*velocity/propeller efficiency
k.=353*5/.68=2595Nm/s=3.53HP
l. Therefore ideal engine would be of 5 horsepower.

4. Result :- Following are the results obtained as per the calculations for 150kg of hovercraft

Approximate lift perimeter (m) 4.7752

Total hover gap area 2
(m ) 0.5729
Total cushion area (m2) 1.5942
Cusion pressure (N/ m2) 923.033
Expected actual air velocity (m/sec) 41.148

5. Conclusion:- An unmanned electrically operated light hovercraft has been presented in

this report. The process of engineering has been outlined. Important design parameters and
performance parameters have been highlighted. Hovercraft has hovered successfully and is
well balanced to take a load of 65 kg. Thrust system will be soon installed as per the
calculations listed above.

6. Reference:-
i. www.wikipedia.com
ii. www.google.com
iii. https://www.flitetest.com/articles/propeller-static-dynamic-thrust-calculation