1.

0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

It is alarming that the daily reports of road accidents across the country have

not attracted urgent action from federal and most state governments. Yet, road

accidents are killing and maiming hundreds of Nigerians monthly due to bad roads,

deplorable road habits and inefficient law enforcement. The situation demands a

collaborative effort by all tiers of government to drastically bring down accident rates

on our famished roads.

The grim reality was underscored by the recent deaths of six pensioners on the

Okene-Lokoja highway in a gruesome crash and the 13 fatalities recorded a few days

later in a crash on the Benin Lagos Expressway. More casualties are being recorded on

our highways than the fatalities in some countries battling with low intensity wars. In

its 2011 road safety survey, the United Nations ranked the country as second worst in

the world in road accidents 191 out of 192 countries surveyed a record some experts

predict will worsen in future rankings unless remedial actions are taken.

Their pessimism is informed by such gruesome incidents as the multiple

accident two weeks ago on the Abuja Suleja highway in which 18 persons perished.

Some major roads like the Okene - Lokoja Road in Kogi State and Lagos Ibadan

Expressway have become notorious harbingers of deaths and broken limbs through

frequent road accidents. While the Federal Road Safety Commission recorded several

accidents in which at least 11 persons died on the Lagos Ibadan stretch last week,

several road accidents were also recorded on the Sagamu Ore-Benin Expressway,
another notorious road for crashes. Recently too, 22 persons were said to have died in

a multiple accident on the Sokoto Abuja Road. According to statistics by the FRSC in

2011, some of the other most accident-prone roads in the country are the Jos, Bauchi,

Gombe Road; Katsina Kano Road; Oye Ifaki Ekiti Road; Kabba Omuo-Ekiti Road;

Akwanga Lafia highway; Owerri Aba-Port Harcourt Road, and Onitsha Enugu Road,

among others.

But increased motorisation may not necessarily lead to worsened road crashes.

The United Kingdom, for example, halved its death rate (per 100,000 head of

population) between 1972 and 1999, despite a doubling in motorised vehicles. Sadly,

the declaration of 2011-2021 as a Decade of Action on Road Safety by the United

Nations has not galvanised our highway managers to serious action beyond a few

ceremonies. But proactive action is needed to reverse the carnage on the roads that

between January and June 2011 claimed 2,218 lives in 2,234 crashes, compared to

1,822 deaths in 2, 673 crashes in January-June 2010, according to the FRSC. That 162

persons die per 100,000 in road accidents here has alarmed the World Health

Organisation which says that, of the 1.3 million killed in road accidents worldwide

each year and 50 million who suffer injuries, the developing nations account for 80

per cent.

The highest risk circumstances of young drivers in particular male drivers are

associated with speeding, drink-driving, non-wearing of seat-belts and drug-driving.

Osita Chidoka, chief executive of the FRSC, insists that most road accidents are

caused by bad roads. Faulty design, multiple bends, but especially poor or outright
lack of maintenance have rendered most of our over 194,000 kilometres of roads death

traps. Neither the Federal Government that owns 17 per cent of the roads, nor the

states with 16 per cent and the local governments with 67 per cent maintains its roads

while far newer roads than are needed are being built by the various governments.

Governor Ibikunle Amosun lamented only on Thursday that the 649 deaths, 1,333

injuries in 1,980 accidents recorded in the state in 2010 that made it the most accident-

prone state were attributable to the state hosting the longest stretches of the federally-

owned Lagos-Ibadan and Sagamu Ore Benin expressways.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

THE TRENDS AND characteristics of accidents in Nigeria were evaluated

using data from the police records. The study showed that there has been increasing

trends in the case fatality rates, injury and the rates per 100,000 populations. There

have also been easing trends in the severity of the accidents. During the last thirty

years (1974-1983) the number of accidents increased by 10.4%, injured cases

increased by 43%, cases of deaths increased by 110.6%, total casualties increased by

57.1% and human population increased by 27.2%. The mortality pattern showed that

for every five fatal accident victims one subsequent death occurred outside the

accident scene. The majority of the accident victims in Nigeria are young adults of the

age group 22 to 30 years and about 75% of the accident victims are males. Unsafe acts

(reckless and dangerous driving, driving without license, excess speed, alcoholism,

faulty pedestrian attitude, etc.) constitute the major causes of RTAs in Nigeria. Other

contributory factors include unsafe driving conditions such as road and vehicle
defects. The observations from the present study indicate the need for a regular

evaluation of accident trends in relation to a critical evaluation and innovation of

accident counter measures in Nigeria.

From these views, the development of first aid application that will monitor

and reduce the rate at which people die in motor and other accident. Building this

application will be more ease, in such a way that, any accident occur will be given

assumption of drug and will be directed to nearby hospital or clinic for legal

treatment. This is developed in order to reduce mortally wounded in any accident and

given first aid before taken them to nearby hospital through the GPS and Google Map

search engine.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this research is to critically appraise the problem of accident in

Nigeria, the various causalities, causes, cases and prevention with a view by building a

successfully application that will be responsible for accident update and suggest drug

and nearby hospital, to curtailing the trend that would help ameliorate this crisis which

is the cankerworm behind the high and sudden death rate in Nigeria.

1.4 SIGINIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The Road Accident had claim lives of promising Nigeria both Young and old, some

talents have gone into untimely grave as a result of this menace and some who are still

alive cannot wait to relate the story as their lives had been barter and scatter.
As a result, this study provide insight and First Aid application that will help reduced

the causalities, cases, causes of accident the beeriest minimum and live the other

unaffordable cases to the cause of the nature

1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The method used in this study is including:

i. Existing system were critically reviewed and the analysis of the present

system were scrutinized.

ii. UML will be used to draw the system architecture both structural and

behavioural part of the proposed system.

iii. Visual C#.NET will be used for implementation and SQLite as back-end

(database)

iv. System testing will be performed on the system designed to see how

efficient and perfect the system is.

1.6 EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

At the end of this study, user will be able to view a nearby hospital and suggested

solution to suggested symptoms. Using mobile first aid application enhances

individual to determine how mobile application could be used to reduce the number of

accident in the town. However, using Xamarin studio in implement this help the

student to know the primitive method of learning different code.

1.7 CONCLUSION
The First Aid application was design and developed in order to solve and reduce the

issue involves in accident and also searches for nearby hospital for the patient. The

patient search the respective nearby hospital and send it, the system give the feedback
by listing the name of the nearby hospital for appropriate treatment. The system uses

Google Map and Android GPS for the searching and map plugin, with the aid of this

architecture, the system could solve any given problems that could cause high death

rate in Ado-Ekiti and Nigeria at large.

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