JT Slade

ESE 454
Assignment 1 (20 definitions)
01-24-2017

APE- Adaptive Physical Education is a program offered for students with a disability who need
assistance in physical education. Examples of APE can be a variety of exercises as well as
leisure activities that will benefit them for the rest of their lives. The IEP team is responsible for
evaluating and referring students for APE.
http://atclassroom.blogspot.com/2013/03/adapted-physical-education-and.html
RTI- RTI stands for Response to intervention. Response to Intervention is a multi level approach
to identifying needs and supports for students with behavioral needs. RTI can be given by
special education teachers as well as regular education teachers. Ongoing assessment is
absolutely vital when using RTI.
http://www.rtinetwork.org/learn/what/whatisrti
Accommodations- Accommodations are supports and services provided to help students access
the general education curriculum. Examples of an accommodation for a student could be
allowing an extended period of time for a student to do a test or assignment. Another example
could be allowing a student to take a test somewhere where they have less chance of
distraction.
http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2011/12/15/accommodations-and-modifications-in-special-
education/
LRE- LRE stands for Least Restrictive Environment. LRE is part of the individuals with disability
act. This allows students to learn in the least restrictive environment. Learning in the least
restrictive environment means that the student is in the right education program, not just in a
good environment fit for them. It is appropriate to know that students should be in the general
education classroom as much as is appropriate.
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/special-services/special-education-basics/least-
restrictive-environment-lre-what-you-need-to-know
Autism- Autism is also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism is a generalized term as
well as a group of complex brain disorders. Autism is shown through many verbal and nonverbal
communication and behaviors. Autism is mostly identified in the years of two and three years
old. Over 3 million people have autism in the United States.
https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/treatment
FAPE- FAPE stands for Free and Appropriate Public Education. Free education obviously is self
explanatory. The student will not pay, the district covers the bills. Appropriate means that the
student is in the appropriate classes and environment. Public refers to the public school system
they are receiving. Education is referring to the education the child deserves and is granted
through their IEP.
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/at-a-
glance-free-and-appropriate-public-education
IEP- IEP stands for Individualized Education program or plan. AN IEP is a program that is
written out for any child that qualifies for special education. IEPs are created through teams
which have special ed teachers, regular education teachers, district representatives as well as
people who can interpret test results. IEPs are designed to outline how to meet the student's
unique educational needs as well as prepare them for life after school.
http://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/what-is-an-iep/
ELL- ELL stands for English Language Learner. ELLs consist of students who are obviously not
english speakers. They qualify for services once they register for school. When the parents sign
the student up for school they are asked if any other language is primarily spoken in the home.
If answered yes, then they are tested to see if they need to be in an English language
immersion class. In AZ there are a lot of ELLs so it is important to know how to handle and help
these students.
http://www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Resources/PolicyResearch/ELLResearchBrief.pdf
FBA- Functional Behavioral Assessment. AN FBA is an assessment that assess the behaviors
of a student. FBAs are supposed to help find the reason for certain behaviors and why the
occur. IDEA requires teachers to do FBAs if behavior deems necessary. FBAs can provide
interventions to help with the issues that are reoccuring.
http://www.behavioradvisor.com/FBA.html
IDEIA- IDEIA stands for Individuals with disabilities improvement act. It is a federal law that in
part funds states to help with special education expenses. IDEIA provides procedural
safeguards that must be followed to avoid troubles with the law.
http://www.specialednews.com/special-education-dictionary/ideia---individuals-with-disabilities-
education-improvement-act.htm

Modifications
A modification is a change to what is taught or expected from a student. The item may be
altered, eliminated, or postponed depending on the circumstance. The purpose of modifications
is to create situations in which every student can find success.
https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/treatments-approaches/educational-
strategies/modifications-what-they-are-and-how-they-work

504
A 504 plan can be developed for a student who has learning and attention issues and is
struggling in school, for students who do not qualify for an Individualized Education Plan (IEP),
or has a diagnosed disability that is not recognized under IDEIA. The 504 plan outlines how a
childs specific needs are met with accommodations, modifications, and other services. Due to
the 504 plan not specifically listing disabilities by name, many students qualify for the plan. A
504 plan requires documentation of measurable growth, and they do not require specialized
instruction.
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/special-services/504-plan/understanding-504-
plans

Non-Verbal
A nonverbal learning disability affects a childs verbal and social skills, but not necessarily their
speech or writing skills. Students with nonverbal learning disabilities have a tendency to talk a
lot but they don't always share in a socially appropriate way. Unlike students with language-
based learning disabilities, students with nonverbal learning disabilities have trouble
understanding any language that is not verbal such as body language, tone of voice, and facial
expressions.
https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/child-learning-disabilities/nonverbal-
learning-disabilities/understanding-nonverbal-learning-disabilities

Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome is a chromosomal condition associated with an intellectual disability. In 1959, a
French physician Jrme Lejeune identified Down Syndrome as a chromosomal condition.
Though all students with Down Syndrome have intellectual delays, they range from mild to
moderate delays in their cognitive and physical development.
http://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/
Moderate Intellectual Disability - MOID
A MOID is defined as an IQ between 35 and 50. Generally speaking, a student with a MOID
makes choices about what they would like to do, eat, drink, etc, and they learn to recognize
some words in context, such as common signs. They may develop independence in personal
care but will need lifelong support in the planning and organization of their lives and activities.
http://www.cddh.monash.org/assets/documents/intellectual-disability.pdf

Rosas Law
Rosas law removes the terms mental retardation and mentally retarded from federal health,
education and labor policy and replaces them with people first language individual with an
intellectual disability and intellectual disability. Barack Obama signed the ball into federal law
on October 5th, 2010.
http://www.specialolympics.org/Regions/north-america/News-and-Stories/Stories/Rosa-s-
Law.aspx

Cerebral Palsy - CP
Cerebral Palsy is a neurological disorder caused by a non-progressive brain injury or
malformation that occurs while the childs brain is under development. CP affects a person's
muscles and their ability to use them. This can make anything from holding a pencil to walking
difficult for students. Though CP is not life threatening, there are many ways to manage the
disability that can enhance the quality of life.
http://www.cerebralpalsy.org/about-cerebral-palsy/definition

Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI

TBI is an injury to the brain that affects all aspects of a person's life. Brain injuries do not heal
like other injuries, recovery is a functional recovery. Because no two brain injuries are alike,
symptoms can appear right away or may not be present for days or weeks after the injury. The
brain is constantly working to repair itself so the symptoms can be changing as the recovery
process occurs.
http://www.traumaticbraininjury.com/understanding-tbi/what-is-traumatic-brain-injury/

Inclusion
Inclusion is integrating students with special needs into the general education classrooms.
Students have the right to a free and appropriate public education, and this may mean a general
education class with adaptations, accommodations and modifications. Inclusion was introduced
into the classroom in 1950s.
http://www.specialeducationguide.com/pre-k-12/inclusion/

Severe Intellectual Disability - SID

A SID is defined as an IQ between 20 and 34. There are considerable delays in development
and though students understand speech they have little ability to communicate. Students are
able to learn daily routines but find it hard to learn self-care. Students need direct supervision in
social situations.
http://www.healthyplace.com/neurodevelopmental-disorders/intellectual-disability/mild-
moderate-severe-intellectual-disability-differences/