TUTORIAL 5 - FRICTIONS, SCREW THREADS AND CLUTCH

1. Discuss briefly the various types of friction experienced by a body. Explain the
following term;
(a) Limiting friction (b) Angle of friction
(c) Coefficient of friction (d) Angle of Repose

2. The uniform crate has a mass of 20 kg. If a force P = 80 N is applied on to the crate,
determine if it remains in equilibrium. The coefficient of static friction is = 0.3

3. Figure below shows a drum weight = 100 N, s = 0.5, a = 3 m, b = 4 m. Find the smallest
magnitude of P that will cause impeding (tipping or slipping) of the drum.
(Ans: 1.44 m)

4. A body of mass W resting on a horizontal plane requires a pull of 150 N to remove the
block. The force P is inclined at an angle 20 to the plane. The body also requires a push
of 200 N inclined at an angle 20 to remove the block. Find the coefficient of friction and
the weight of the body.
(Ans : 0.39, 410.4 N)

5. A body of mass m is initially at rest on a 40 inclined plane. The coefficient of friction

between the body and the inclined plane is 0.2. If the body slides down the plane until it
reaches a speed of 15 m/s, what distance along the plane does the body slide at that
speed.
(Ans : 23.44 m)
6. A body has weight 500 N is been pulled by a force P up a steady inclined plane at 20 to
the horizontal. The coefficient of friction between the body and the plane is 0.2 and the
force P is applied parallel to the inclined plane; calculate the force P needed to pull up
the load along the plane. Find also the work done in handling it a distance of 10 m along
the plane.
(Ans : 264.98 N, 2649.80 Nm)

7. A 450 N force acts as shown below on a 1350 N block placed on an inclined plane. The
coefficients of friction between the block and plane are ms = 0.25 and mk = 0.20.
Determine whether the block is in equilibrium and find the value of the friction force.
(Ans : 216 N)

8. An effort of 2 kN is required just to move a certain body up an inclined plane of angle

15, the force acting parallel to the plane. If the angle of inclination of the plane is made
20, the effort required again, applied parallel to the plane is found to be 2.3 kN. Find the
weight of the body and the coefficient of friction.
(Ans: 0.26 , W = 3.9 kN)

9. A body of mass 50 kg and with a surface for which on the same plane, the friction
coefficient is 0.15, is to be moved by a force P directed at an angle 15 to the plane, i.e at
35 to the horizontal. Calculate the value of P which will cause steady upward
movement, and also the value to which P must be reduce before downward movement
becomes possible. Any formulae use should be established or explained by vector
diagrams of forces.
(Ans: 235.8N, 106.4N)
10. The turnbuckle has a square thread with a mean radius of 5 mm and a lead of 2 mm. If
the coefficient of static friction between the screw and the turnbuckle is s = 0.25,
determine the moment M that must be applied to draw the end screws closer together. Is
the turnbuckle self-locking? (Ans : 6374.7 N mm)

11. Refer figure below. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal force P that must be
applied to the handle of the bench vise in order to produce a clamping force of 600 N on
the block. The single square-threaded screw has a mean diameter of 25 mm and a lead of
7.5 mm. The coefficient of static friction is s = 0.25.
(Ans : 26.5N)

12. Refer figure below. Determine the clamping force exerted on the block if a force of P =
30 N is applied to the lever of the bench. The single square-threaded screw has a mean
diameter of 25 mm and a lead of 7.5 mm. The coefficient of static friction is s = 0.25.
(Ans : 678 N)
13. A screw jack having square threads of 5 cm mean diameter and 1.25 cm pitch is operated
by a 50 cm long hand lever. Coefficient of friction at the threads is 0.1. Determine the
effort needed to be applied at the end of the lever to lift a load of 20 kN.
(Ans: 181 N)

14. The pitch of 50 mm mean diameter threaded screw of a screw jack is 12.5 mm. The
coefficient of friction between the screw and nut is 0.13. Determine the torque required
on the screw to raise a load of 25 kN, assuming the load to rotate with screw. Determine
the ratio of the torque required to raise the load, to the torque required to lower the load.
(Ans: 132.35 Nm, 4.155)

15. A turnbuckle with right and left hand threads is used to couple two railway coaches. It
has single start square threads with pitch of 13 mm on a mean diameter of 39 mm.
Taking the coefficient of friction as 0.1, find the work done in drawing the coaches
together, a distance of 20.8 cm (a) against a steady load of 2500 N (b) if the load
increases over 20.8 cm from 2500 N to 7500 N (c) Efficency.
(Ans: (a) 1021 Nm, (b) 2042 Nm, (c) 51%)

16. A threaded screw has a mean diameter of 60 mm and pitch of 13 mm. Given that the
coefficient of friction between the nut and screw is 0.2. Assuming the load to rotate with
the screw,
(i) Determine the torque required on the screw to raise a load of 25 kN.
(ii) Find the percentage efficiency.
If a Vee thread of is used to replace the present screw, what is the torque required on the
screw and its efficiency.
(Ans : 204.57 Nm, 25%, 206.96Nm, 24.9%)

17. A plate clutch has three discs on the driving shaft and two discs on the driven shaft,
providing four pairs of contact surfaces each of 240 mm external diameter and 120 mm
internal diameter. Assuming uniform pressure, find the total spring load pressing the
plates together to transmit 25 kW at 1575 rev/min using . If there are six springs each of
stiffness 13 kN/m, and each of the contact surfaces has worn away by 1.25 mm, what is
the maximum power that can be transmitted at the same rev/min, assuming uniform wear
and have same coefficient of friction.
(Ans : 10250 W)

18. In Figure below, determine the required horizontal force that must be applied
perpendicular to the handle in order to develop a 900-N clamping force on the pipe. The
single square-threaded screw has a mean diameter of 25 mm and a lead of 5 mm. The
coefficient of static friction is s = 0.4. Note: The screw is a two-force member since it is
contained within pinned collars at A and B. (Ans : 71.4N)
19. In Figure below, if the clamping force on the pipe is 900 N, determine the horizontal
force that must be applied perpendicular to the handle in order to loosen the screw. The
single square-threaded screw has a mean diameter of 25 mm and a lead of 5 mm. The
coefficient of static friction is s = 0.4. Note: The screw is a two-force member since it
is contained within pinned collars at A and B. (Ans : 49.2N)

20. A plate clutch has three discs on the driving shaft and two discs on the driven shaft,
providing four pairs of contact surfaces. The outside diameter of the contact surfaces is
240 mm and inside diameter 120 mm. Assuming uniform pressure and coefficient
friction, = 0.3;

(i) Determine the total spring load pressing the plates together to transmit 25 kW at
1575 r.p.m.

(ii) If there are 6 springs each of stiffness 13 kN/m and each of the contact surfaces
has worn away by 1.25 mm, determine the maximum power that can be
transmitted, assuming uniform wear.