19/09/2016 HowOrnithoptersFlyCalculationTools

Calculationtools
forornithoptermodels
Thereisnocommoncalculationmethodforflappingwings.In
everysourceofinformationdifferentmethodsarebeing
described.
AllOrnicalculationtoolsgivenbelowarebasedonthe
calculationmethodspecifiedinthehandbookHow
OrnithoptersFly.Particularly,thepowerandthetwistingof
thewingatstationaryflightsituationscandeterminatewithit.
Furthermore,thecalculationmethodpermitsanapproximate
quantitativespecificationofdynamicsandaerodynamicsof
profiledflappingwings,atleast.Primarily,thenumerical
comparisonofvariousfactorsinfluencingofflappingwings.
Profiledflappingwingsandquasistationaryflowconditionsare Coverpictureofthehandbook
presumed.Therefore,calculationsonlyleadtousefulresultsfor
afastforwardflightwitharelativelylowflappingfrequency(largebirds,flyingwithlift).
Themathematicalmodelsareonlyexecutablewiththerespectivesoftwareapplications.

Orni1
Simplecalculationtool
todescribethewingtwisting
TheequationsofthehandbookareusedinasmallMSEXCELcalculationtool:
DownloadOrni1(formatxls,withashortinstructioninEnglishrel.3.4,0.2MB)
DownloadOrni1(formatxlsx,withashortinstructioninEnglishrel.3.4,0.1MB)
Thistoolprimarilyallowsthecalculationofwingtwistingatgivenwingdata.
Theadditionalcalculationofdataofthe
flyingmodelishighlysimplified.The
detailedcalculationoftheforceprogression
duringaflappingcyclehasbeenreplaced
byassumingasinusoidalprogressionofthe
force.Therebycouplingofstrokemotion
andtwistingremainsunconsidered.Only
thereferenceline(asglidingflight)andthe
Forceprogression
inprinciple amplitudeofthesinehalfwave(inthe
centerofeachwingstroke)arecalculated.
Withthat,theareaunderthecurveprogressionorthesizeofaforceis Forcecalculationschemefor
flappingwings
calculable.

Orni2
Calculationmethodforornithoptermodels
ThebasiccalculationmethodofthehandbookHowOrnithoptersFlyisreconstructedstepbystep.
Manyoftheitemisedequationsaregeneratedwithaccompanyingtext,diagramsandpictures.
Theabidanceoftheoperationalrangeoftheliftcoefficientoftheusedairfoilisautomaticallywarranted
inthecalculationtool.Also,thesettingofbalanceofforcesduringflighthappensinasimpleway.
Therefore,onecancertainlyachievetheflightdataofthechosenmodelconfiguration.
Fortheconstructionofaflappingwingmodelthecalculationmethoddescribesvariousforceand
momentdevelopmentsatthewing.Furthermore,therequiredpowerandaboveallthewingtwisting
alongthespanarebeingcalculated.

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19/09/2016 HowOrnithoptersFlyCalculationTools

Thecalculationtoolwaswritten(inGerman)withthesoftwareMathcad.
Becauseofthevolumeofdataandpagesitrequiresalittlefamiliarisation.

WebPage PDFfile Spreadsheet

fortakingalook forprinting forMathcaduser

Orni2 orni2.htm orni2.pdf orni2.xmcdz

rel.3.3 1.7MB 317KB 1.8MB

AirfoilCLARKY clark_y.htm clark_y.pdf clark_y.xmcdz

rel.1.2 270KB 56KB 257KB

AirfoilSD7062PT sd7062pt.htm sd7062pt.pdf sd7062pt.xmcdz

320KB 60KB 320KB

Crankdrive k_antrieb.htm k_antrieb.pdf k_antrieb.xmcdz

450KB 110KB 500KB

Orni3
Mathematicalmodelforornithopters
ThistoolisbasedonthecalculationtoolOrni2.Here,glidingandpowerflightsofaflappingwing
modelcanbeanalysedsinglyandinseries.
Tocalculateanornithoptermodelitisspecifiedbydiverseinputparametersatfirst.Oneoftheseis
definedasanareavariable.Inthechosendataareaonethenreceivesthedataofflightanddrive,while
automaticallykeepingthedataoftheairfoilandthebalanceofforces.
Sincethereareonlyafewspecificationsincluded,thecalculationtoolOrni2beforehandshouldbe
known.
ThecalculationtoolwaswrittenwiththesoftwareMathcad(inGerman).

WebPage PDFfile Spreadsheet

fortakingalook forprinting forMathcaduser

Orni3 orni3.htm orni3.pdf orni3.xmcdz

rel.1.3 665KB 130KB 667KB
(useairfoilprogramsabove
mentioned)
Theherelistedcalculationtoolsaretoounderstoodasopensourcesoftware.
Therefore,everybodyisenabledtotakeaninsightlookinthecalculationmethod.
Everyonehasthepermissiontorelay,varyandparticularlytocorrectandimprove
thissourcecode.

Comparisonofthetransportperformanceofa
swan
withflyingmodels
Theflightperformanceofamuteswaniscomparedwiththeperformancesofapropellerandaflapping
wingmodel.
Downloadcomparison.xlsx(Exceltable,28kB)
Themuteswanconsumethemostenergy.Particularly,thisisduetothesmallefficiencyofthemuscles.
Instead,theswanhastheadvantagethathisbodyfatprovidesarelativelyhighdensityofenergystorage.
Inthecalculationtoolsflappingwingmodelsarealittlebitmoreeffectivethanpropellermodels.
Alsotheflappingwingmodelofthehandbookiscomparedwithanaccordingpropellermodel.

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