Thermal Engineering Systems

(MEE2003)
by

Dr. Thangaraja J
Assoc. Prof. SMEC
Main Building 235C
Email: thangaraja.j@vit.ac.in

1st Febraury 2017

Splash & Pressure Lubrication System
 Lube Oil Designation

SAE
10W40

Lubricating oils are generally rated

using a viscosity scale
established by the
Society of Automotive Engineering
 Lube Oil Designation

SAE oils are designated by their

viscosity or pour point.

The lower the pour point (for,

say, oil 5W), the lower the
viscosity and the more likely it is
that the oil will flow (and thus
lubricate the engine) at low
temperatures.

In very cold climates, one needs

to use oils like 5W-20 or 5W-30
to make sure that they will flow
at the very low temperatures.

There exist also year-round oils,

for most climates, such as SAE
10W-40 and 10W-50
 High Viscous Oils
Modern Engines

The basic ingredients in most lube oils are

Hydrocarbon components from crude oil.
These are large molecular weight species
obtained from the distillation process

Lube Oil Average no. of Carbon atoms

SAE 10 28
SAE 20 38
SAE 30 41

Low Viscous Oils

Cold Weather
 Multigrade oils !!!
< 0 deg.C
Starting a cold engine lubricated with
high-viscosity oil is very difficult

If oil viscosity is too high, more work is required to pump it and to shear it
between moving parts . Further, Oil viscosity decreases with increasing shear;

This results in greater friction work and reduced brake power output
Fuel consumption can be increased by as much as 15%
Year-round oils, Multigrade oil was developed so that viscosity
for most climates would be more constant over the operating
such as temperature range of an engine
10W40 & 10W50
are preferred

These oils have low-number viscosity values when

they are cold and higher
numbers when they are hot.

SAE l0 W 30

Properties of 10 viscosity when it is cold (W - winter)

And 30 viscosity when it is hot

This gives a more constant viscosity over the

operating temperature range
(Ford Figo TC -- 1.4 l
NA -- 2.3 l)
 SUPERCHARGING & TURBOCHARGING

These are compressors mounted in the intake system and

used to raise the pressure of the incoming air

Which results in more air and fuel entering each cylinder during
each cycle.
This added air and fuel creates more power during combustion,
and the net power output of the engine is increased.
Pressure increase can be anywhere from 20 to 250 kPa

The difference between the two system is their

Source of Energy
Instantaneous Volume = 4 D2 l + r 1 cos l2 r sin 2 + Vc