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Home > News > Geopolitics > Indias Tibet?

Geopolitics

India s Tibet?
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India s Tibet?, 5.0 out of 5 based on 4 ratings

By Prakash Nanda
Issue Net Edition | Date : 21 Apr , 2012

The act of self-immolation by the Tibetan protestor Jamphel Yeshi on March 26 in

New Delhi against the visit of the Chinese President Hu Jintao has hit the
international headlines. In contrast, the suicide by drowning of Dhendup
Phunstok, a fellow Tibetan, on April 2 has been relatively underplayed. The 26
year-old youth was living in Kolkatta, where he was the Coordinator of the
Students for Free Tibet. When his body was flushed out of the Ganga , he was
found wearing a FREE TIBET T-shirt.
I have often wondered why India doesnt stake its claim on Tibet
What both Yeshi and Phunstok were agitating against was the consolidation of
Beijings control over Tibet and the increasing helplessness of the
international community to stop that. They could not live with the facts that in
an effort to instill Chinese values, Beijing-controlled authorities have in
recent years stepped up what is called patriotic education in schools and
monasteries, forcing Tibetans to renounce the Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader
of Tibet, and to study communist theory. In fact, 33 Tibetans have
self-immolated since 2009 as part of a resistance movement. Here, the tactic has
been unique in the sense that the suicides, though public and fiery, do not harm
bystanders or property. The purpose seems to be moving ordinary Tibetans, both
inside Tibet and outside in exile. Equally significant to note is that these
protestors or martyrs have been mostly young 24 of them under 30 and
better educated.
How is India affected by all this? After all, there are nearly 200,000 Tibetan
refugees in India. The Dalai Lama, Tibets highest spiritual and political
leader, has been living in exile in India since 1959 as an honoured guest of
India. He has been provided asylum to carry on his spiritual activities in
the country. Although his government-in-exile in Dharamsala in Himachal
Pradesh state is permitted, he and his followers are not allowed to indulge in
political activities. In fact, recently, I came across the text of the talk that
Lhasang Tsering, a prominent Tibetan-activist, had delivered way back on 17
March 2000 in Bombay as part of the week-long Festival of Tibet 2000 organised
by the Friends of Tibet (INDIA) and Tibetan Youth Congress. The title of his
talk was Indias Tibet: A Case for Policy Review.
In the eighth century, the Tibetan empire was expanding at such a pace that at
one time the then Chinese emperor had to flee his capital and a Tibetan nominee
was put on the Chinese throne!
How is India affected by all this? After all, there are nearly 200,000 Tibetan
refugees in India. The Dalai Lama, Tibets highest spiritual and political
leader, has been living in exile in India since 1959 as an honoured guest of
India. He has been provided asylum to carry on his spiritual activities in
the country. Although his government-in-exile in Dharamsala in Himachal
Pradesh state is permitted, he and his followers are not allowed to indulge in
political activities. In fact, recently, I came across the text of the talk that
Lhasang Tsering, a prominent Tibetan-activist, had delivered way back on 17
March 2000 in Bombay as part of the week-long Festival of Tibet 2000 organised
by the Friends of Tibet (INDIA) and Tibetan Youth Congress. The title of his
talk was Indias Tibet: A Case for Policy Review.
Tsering, who is a strong advocate of Tibetan independence (and in this he
differs with His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, who is talking of genuine autonomy
within, not separation from, Communist China), says that he would prefer Tibet
becoming Indias Tibet to being Chinas Tibet. Let me quote from his
Bombay-speech : I have often wondered why India doesnt stake its claim on
Tibet. Between Chinawhich seeks to exterminate the Tibetan people and to wipe
out Tibetan religion and culture; and Indiawhich gave Tibet the Buddha Dharma
and has helped to save Tibetan religion and culturethere is no doubt; India has
the greater claim. It is like the story of young Prince Siddhartha who saves the
swan his cousin Prince Devadatta has shot. The claim of the latter rests on the
grounds of having shot the swan. On the other hand, Prince Siddharthathe future
Buddhastakes his claim on the grounds of having saved the life of the wounded
swan. The King rightly awards the swan to Prince Siddhartha. In todays world of
realpolitik and spineless world leaders, we could hardly hope for such a
decisive verdict. Nevertheless; even if only as a diplomatic exercise, why
doesnt India file a case in the International Court of Justice and also raise
the issue in the United Nations to stake its claims over Tibet ? In the first
place India gave Buddhism to Tibetthe life-force of Tibetan life and culture.
Today India has rendered crucial assistance and helped to save Tibetan religion
and culture. If Tibet must belong to either of its giant neighbours, then
surely, it should be to Indiawhich has helped to save Tibet; and not
Chinawhich seeks to destroy Tibet.
which gave Tibet the Buddha Dharma and has helped to save Tibetan religion and
culturethere is no doubt; India has the greater claim.
I am not going into the merits or otherwise of Tserings thesis, but readers may
note that I had argued once that Dalai Lama Is Indias Boon, Not Bane. My
article then was in response to a weekly magazines suggestion that the Dalai
Lama and his supporters should be asked to leave India. In my opinion, by
continuing to shelter the Dalai Lama and his followers, India stands to gain
more. First, his presence adds to Indias standing in the global community as a
democratic country, given the Dalai Lamas innumerable powerful supporters
around the world. It strengthens Indias credentials for offering political
asylum to democratic leaders escaping and fighting oppressive authoritarian
regimes.
The nearly 200,000 Tibetan refugees in India are not a burden on the country,
unlike the more than 20 million illegal immigrants from Bangladesh and thousands
of refugees from Sri Lanka and Afghanistan. In fact, economically, the Tibetan
refugees are self sufficient due to their many entrepreneurial activities.
Unlike other refugees, they have not created a law-and-order problem in the
country and none have aspired for Indian citizenship, making it clear that they
would return to their land if China guaranteed them genuine autonomy and stopped
suppressing their culture and way of life.
Besides, India cannot just sever its historical and cultural ties with Tibet to
please the Chinese. India is bound with Tibet, as two of the holiest Hindu
shrines, Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, are located there. Tibet is also
the source of four great rivers that flow into India. The Dalai Lama has
periodically pointed out that the Tibetans are descendants of Rupati, king of a
south Indian kingdom who escaped to Tibet with his subjects after the epic
Mahabharata War. As for the king of Tibet, it is believed that around 150 BC a
prince of the Magadha Kingdom (present-day Bihar state) escaped to Tibet after
being exiled from his kingdom. Tibetans named him Nyatri Tsenpo and made him
their king, and so began the Tibetan royal lineage. A closer look at geography,
ancestry and royal dynasties reveals close ties between India and Tibet.
Why are the Chinese not claiming a quarter of Europe, Russia and the whole of
West Asia (Middle East) and Central Asia since these also constituted the Mongol
empire of Genghis Khan?
The Chinese say that Tibet became a part of the Chinese empire when the great
Mongol Genghis Khan annexed Tibet (most parts of it) in the early 13th century.
It is a strange logic, because taken to its logical conclusion, one could argue
that China is a part of Mongolia and does not deserve to exist as an independent
nation. Secondly, why are the Chinese not claiming a quarter of Europe, Russia
and the whole of West Asia (Middle East) and Central Asia since these also
constituted the Mongol empire of Genghis Khan?
The problem with the Chinese version of history is where to draw the line. After
all, it is also a fact that the pre-Mongol history of Tibet was militarily
glorious. In the eighth century, the Tibetan empire was expanding at such a pace
that at one time the then Chinese emperor had to flee his capital and a Tibetan
nominee was put on the Chinese throne! Peace was restored in the year 821 with
the conclusion of a Treaty, which laid down clearly the boundaries between China
and Tibet. It read: Tibet and China shall abide by the frontiers of which they
are now in occupation. All to the East is the country of Great China; and all to
the west is, without question, the country of Great Tibet. And when one talks
of recent history, the fact remains that whether it was Britain until 1947 or
the former Soviet Union until 1990, the widely-held view was that Tibet belonged
to Indias sphere of influence. Viewed thus, the presence of the Dalai Lama
and his innumerable assertions supporting India on the boundary disputes
strengthens Indias claims of territorial rights during negotiations with China.
Let us remember one fundamental fact. Had Tibet remained under Chinese
suzerainty, as was the case throughout history, and not under its sovereignty as
has been case since the 1950s, the Sino-Indian border dispute would have been
resolved long ago in Indias favour. But because the Dalai Lama openly
recognizes the McMahon line as the border between India and Tibet, Indias claim
to the region still stands.
What all this underscores is that Tibet is an important factor as far as
Sino-Indian relations are concerned. I do not suggest that India should pursue
an aggressive stance on Tibet while negotiating with China. My point is that as
India cannot wish the Dalai Lama and Tibetans living on our soil and their
feelings over what is happening inside Tibet away, we have got a vested interest
to see that there are stability and tranquility in Tibet. Sino-Tibetan tensions
are not good for the health of Sino-Indian relations, closely interlinked as
these are.
Read Next: Is India Scared of China?

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The views expressed are of the author and do not necessarily represent the
opinions or policies of the Indian Defence Review.

About the Author

Prakash Nanda
is a journalist and editorial consultant for Indian Defence Review. He is also
the author of Rediscovering Asia: Evolution of Indias Look-East Policy.
More by the same author
Towards a Sustainable Defence Industry
A SAARC sans Pakistan
Enemies of Indias nuclear power
Thinking Beyond Pakistan
Operation Bluestar: The British connection

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