English irregular verbs

The following table includes all irregular verbs that appear in the dictionary
except modal verbs (e.g. can, must) and verbs that are made by adding a
prefix with a hyphen to a base verb form (e.g. re-lay). These verbs have the
same irregular forms as the verbs from which they are derived.

Irregular forms that are only used in certain senses are marked with an
asterisk (e.g. *abode).

infinitive past past participle

abide abided, *abode abided, *abode
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awoken
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be was/were been
bear bore borne
beat beat beaten
become became become
befall befell befallen
beget begot, (arch) begat begotten
begin began begun
behold beheld beheld
bend bent bent
beseech beseeched, besought beseeched, besought
beset beset beset
bespeak bespoke bespoke, bespoken
bestride bestrode bestridden
bet bet bet
bid *bade, bid *bidden, bid
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
bless blessed blessed (arch) blest
blow blew blown, *blowed
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
browbeat browbeat browbeaten
build built built
burn burned, burnt burned, burnt
bust busted busted
(BrE also) bust (BrE also) bust
buy bought bought
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cast cast cast
catch caught caught
chide chided, chid chided, chid, chidden
choose chose chosen
cleave cleaved, *cleft cleaved, *cleft,
(arch) *clove (arch) *cloven
cling clung clung
come came come
cost *cost, *costed *cost, *costed
countersink countersank countersunk
creep crept crept
crow crowed, (arch) crew crowed
cut cut cut
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deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive dived, (AmE also) dove dived
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed, dreamed,
(BrE also) dreamt (BrE also) dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled
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eat ate eaten
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fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
floodlight floodlit floodlit
fly flew flown
forbear forbore forborne
forbid forbade, forbad forbidden
forecast forecast, forecasted forecast. forecasted
foresee foresaw foreseen
foretell foretold foretold
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
forswear forswore forsworn
freeze froze frozen
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gainsay gainsaid gainsaid
get got got, (AmE also) gotten
gird girded, girt girded, girt
give gave given
go went gone
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
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hamstring hamstrung hamstrung
hang *hung, *hanged *hung, *hanged
have had had
hear heard heard
heave *heaved, *hove *heaved, *hove
hew hewed hewn, hewed
hide hid hidden, (arch) hid
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
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inlay inlaid inlaid
input input, inputted input, inputted
inset inset, inset,
(AmE also) insetted (AmE also) insetted
interweave interwove, interweaved interwoven, interweaved
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keep kept kept

kneel kneeled, knelt kneeled, knelt
knit knitted, *knit knitted, *knit
know knew known
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lay laid laid
lead led led
lean leaned, (BrE also) leant leaned, (BrE also) leant
leap leaped, (BrE also) leapt leaped, (BrE also) leapt
learn learned, (BrE also) learnt learned, (BrE also) learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie (yacer etc) lay lain
light lighted, lit lighted, lit
lose lost lost
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make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
miscast miscast miscast
misdeal misdealt misdealt
mishear misheard misheard
mishit mishit mishit
mislay mislaid mislaid
mislead misled misled
misread misread misread
misspell misspelled, misspelled,
(BrE also) misspelt (BrE also) misspelt
misspend misspent misspent
mistake mistook mistaken
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
mow mowed mowed, mown
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outbid outbid outbid, (AmE also) outbidden
outdo outdid outdone
outfight outfought outfought
outgrow outgrew outgrown
output output, outputted output, outputted
outrun outran outrun
outsell outsold outsold
outshine outshone outshone
overbid overbid overbid
overcome overcame overcome
overdo overdid overdone
overdraw overdrew overdrawn
overeat overate overeaten
overfly overflew overflown
overhang overhung overhung
overhear overheard overheard
overlay overlaid overlaid
overlie overlay overlain
overpay overpaid overpaid
override overrode overridden
overrun overran overrun
oversee oversaw overseen
overshoot overshot overshot
oversleep overslept overslept
overtake overtook overtaken
overthrow overthrew overthrown
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partake partook partaken
pay paid paid
plead pleaded, (AmE also) pled pleaded, (AmE also) pled
prove proved proved, proven
put put put
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quit quit, quitted quit, quitted
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read read read
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt
recast recast recast
redo redid redone
remake remade remade
rend rent rent
repay repaid repaid
reread reread reread
rerun reran rerun
resell resold resold
reset reset reset
resit resat resat
retake retook retaken
retell retold retold
rethink rethought rethought
rewrite rewrote rewritten
rid rid rid
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
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saw sawed sawed, (esp BrE) sawn
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn, sewed
shake shook shaken
shear sheared *shorn, *sheared
shed shed shed
shine *shone, *shined *shone, *shined
shit shit, shat shit, shat
shoe shod shod
shoot shot shot
show showed shown, showed
shrink shrank, shrunk shrunk, shrunken
shrive shrove, shrived shriven, shrived
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
slink slunk slunk
slit slit slit
smell smelled, (BrE also) smelt smelled, (BrE also) smelt
smite smote smitten
sow sowed sowed, sown
speak spoke spoken
speed *sped, *speeded *sped, *speeded
spell spelled, (BrE also) spelt spelled, (BrE also) spelt
spend spent spent
spill spilled, spilt spilled, spilt
spin spun, (arch) span spun
spit spat, (esp AmE) spit spat, (esp AmE) spit
split split split
spoil spoiled, (BrE also) spoilt spoiled, (BrE also) spoilt
spotlight *spotlit, *spotlighted *spotlit, *spotlighted
spread spread spread
spring sprang, sprung
(AmE also) sprung
stand stood stood
stave staved, *stove staved, *stove
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank, stunk stunk
strew strewed strewed, strewn
stride strode stridden
strike struck struck
string strung strung
strive strove striven
sublet sublet sublet
swear swore sworn
sweat sweated, sweated,
(AmE also) sweat (AmE also) sweat
sweep swept swept
swell swelled swollen, (AmE esp) swelled
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
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take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
thrive thrived, (liter) throve thrived, (arch) thriven
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust
tread trod trodden, trod
typecast typecast typecast
typeset typeset typeset
typewrite typewrote typewritten
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unbend unbent unbent
underbid underbid underbid
undercut undercut undercut
undergo underwent undergone
underlie underlay underlain
underpay underpaid underpaid
undersell undersold undersold
understand understood understood
undertake undertook undertaken
underwrite underwrote underwritten
undo undid undone
unfreeze unfroze unfrozen
unlearn unlearned, (BrE also) unlearnt unlearned, (BrE also) unlearnt
unstick unstuck unstuck
unwind unwound unwound
uphold upheld upheld
upset upset upset
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wake woke woken
waylay waylaid waylaid
wear wore worn
weave wove, *weaved woven, *weaved
wed wedded, wed wedded, wed
weep wept wept
wet wet, wetted wet, wetted
win won won
wind (dar cuerda etc) wound wound
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
withhold withheld withheld
withstand withstood withstood
work worked, *wrought worked, *wrought
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written
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