Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
Sanitary Drainage
Stormwater Drainage
Drainage
g Below Ground
2
What is the greatest
invention in the world in
the past centuries?
Introduction
Drainage
Above- + below-ground systems
Sanitation, foul drainage, soil & waste
Soil or foul = from W.C.; waste = from basin/sink
Stormwater
St t / rainwater
i t / surface-water
f t
Objectives
R
Remove effluent
ffl t quickly
i kl & quietly
i tl
Free from blockage, durable and economic
Expected
E t d to
t last
l t as long
l as the
th building!
b ildi !
4
Introduction
Sanitary appliances
Common types:
Flushing cistern, flushing trough, automatic flushing
cistern, flushing valve
Water
W closets
l (W.C.),
(W C ) urinal,
i l bidets
bid
Shower and bath
Sink,
Sink cleaner
cleanerss sink
Drinking fountain
Wash basin or washingg troughg
5
Sanitary
y appliances
pp
6
Drainage Below Ground
60
Use of
separate
drains
Use of
private
i t
sewer
Drainage Below Ground
63
Web Links
64
Drainage
g Exercise One
Using the theory of rectangular weirs, show that the diameter of the outlets, D0 (mm)
with large gutters as a function of roof area could be presented by :
2
RA
Do 5
0 . 0017
66
Drainage Exercise Three
Determine
D t i the
th gradient
di t off a 100mm
100 di
diameter
t drain
d i running
i
at half-bore with an average velocity of flow of 1.35 m/s by
making use of the Chezy formulae (The average coefficient
of friction may be taken as 0.006).
67
Drainage
g Exercise Four
68