Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2013
EEE2015ELECTRICS
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ElectricMotors
AlternateCurrentMotors
Alternate Current Motors DirectCurrentMotors
Direct Current Motors
(ACM) (DCM)
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The ACMs are simplier in structure and more economic than DCMs.
An ACM generates more power comparing with a DC motor that has the same
weight.
Maintenance of ACMs is easier.
However, their speed control is harder. They can be connected to the AC source
directly.
If accuracy in velocity or position control is needed, DCMs are used. But, ACMs
are used more than DCMs in industry.
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Theenclosureprotectstheinternalpartsofthemotorfrom waterandotherenvironmental
elements.Thedegreeof protectiondependsuponthetypeofenclosure.
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Asquirrelcagerotorcoreismadebystackingthinsteel laminationstoformacylinder.
Ratherthanusingcoilsofwireasconductors,conductorbars arediecastintotheslots
evenlyspacedaroundthecylinder. Mostsquirrelcagerotorsaremadebydiecasting
aluminumto formtheconductorbars.
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Basedonstatorwinding configuration,
B1andC2aresouth polesandB2and
C1arenorthpoles.
Magneticlinesofflux leavetheB2
northpoleandenterthenearestsouth
pole,C2.
MagneticlinesoffluxalsoleavetheC1
northpoleandenterthe nearestsouth
pole,B1.
Thevectorsumofthemagneticfields
is indicatedbythearrow.
Dr.LeventETN
Notethatattime1phaseChasno
p
currentflowandnomagneticfieldis
developed inC1andC2. PhaseAhas
currentflowinthepositivedirection
andphaseBhascurrentflowinthe
negativedirection.
windingsA1andB2arenorth poles
andwindingsA2andB1aresouth
poles.Theresultant magneticfield
vectorhasrotated60 intheclockwise
direction
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Thisprocessrepeats50timesasecondfora60Hzpowersource.
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Vistherelativevelocityoftheconductorwithrespecttostatormagneticfield.This
relativevelocitytermsiscriticalinoperationofACinductionmotorsbecausethevoltage
relative velocity terms is critical in operation of AC induction motors because the voltage
canonlybeinducedonrotorconductors if this velocity term isnotzero.
So itisevident that the rotorand statormagnetic field have different angular speeds
Theinducedvoltagecausescurrentflowintheconductor.In asquirrelcagerotor,current
flowsthroughtherotorbarsand aroundtheendringandproducesamagneticfield round
each rotorbar.In awound rotorcurrent flows through the external circuit,which is
connected to sliprings
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SlipExample
Curve
Explanation
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Theprincipleofoperationofsinglephaseinductionmotorcanalsobeexplainedbydouble
revolvingfieldtheory.
Thesinglephasesupplygiventothesinglephasewindingwillproducepulsatingfieldinthe
airgap.However,anypulsatingfieldcanberesolvedintotwocomponents,equalin
magnitudebutoppositelyrotating
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Capacitorstartmotors
Capacitor start motors
Ifacapacitorisconnectedinserieswiththestartingwinding,thephaseanglebetweenthe
twowindingcurrentswillbecomemorethan30o (about80o)thatisobtainedinthesplit
phasemotors.Thisincreaseinphaseanglewillincreasethestartingtorque.
Shaded Pole motors
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