"HE "Png ee fn Cueting Bk Sf lin PD lst Dp ‘mote Anta Uo fine, Sie Sire hs i New hf Ley Cl: ewe Scie ge Oe Tt as Toto: 7 Sater Ronin Soa sie Pr ‘te Hn ey ue "9 Bon oth nd Demet eg Alsi: A Teo snd ‘Sia 1 ts Cura ee Boca ee Ure Pc ee Japanese Whaling Culture ‘Cominites and Diverstes’ Junichi Takahashi Ame Kelland Fs en ti Sain, Cop Brian Moeran ‘Theodore C. Bestor Digan of Andopte Calimbs nen Seas as ut ae seam ne rope ‘ah hw entation ee Uehvattrsn tne x itows nes hsespraarc an bean luna tenohise prep SCM a ie {1S smn il comm) Te and ‘Sei aetna em cccrngre roacton inthis paper we examine he practices invoid in whaling a Japan fom pre- ‘moder times the 19805, Wereyopon concep of culture a an tard nd coherent ter of special, ecnlgus sll andthe attendant ad {erof knowledge and forms of soil organization that are cesar 0 locate, ‘ents, ave, procs dsb, and consume patel eoures tht ae found in spect eolopcal ices. As fuck ou defnion of the eu of ‘ting whic centers on catching procesing and consuming whals neces Ty ecades the sol struct of communis that usin and sessed byating ane owl, tly and vals that are presenti hos co Wihiahe panei whaling cubs tximporanto aoe that various forms of whaling have ben raced ~aet whling In he premodern perio, antorre pele alg gece coat whaing (ICN), and sal Special lng STC. Weil apetha reac eos re of lpasoe wai: Neve on he prdacion sd oh wali Siang te fenianealcoguiee icine ad omanetona de Siti betwen cating was ahd prose whale es tsi cae tnt ningun and pe spa “Ti, fen tes a ueloe: how sn we cpa he eno nn cegaes wong clr whey nal comps tno tebe? Otc tne wilt nat hohe taowedsteoegig tench clrs tonal be se baged by umbeofimprt nag che cooperated, cree pans, and the dsemination of kngeeds ul taper teat oft Inkage wich aa ots anes whaling culreapar om the ole of aus Wesson Acne neat iveding aber adenine eb Toms oc Syncs wile wed int chang andthe doo’ a asc “Zane o ofan andl ae owing ais sn ‘Soe Hsence snd Mander efron 900), te oe stro cement of thse tpt of apne wale wl ne oc oh thes onion fproucon ica or non seaned ye Tale Norway Sort Unlon, anda vngnatons which sed most or the whale or exact oy in apa he wee art for tet Product that wee mae abe than i awe det cel apne ase a eno an ql cue le tre Wc ssc wry which ie wie prnee Tesh ttt of ood aasampton wich ha alowed fo conte be swe os of wating oe te Hen for capi he Wn ston tn apenas posse whaing moter ols nserpes rsa taaoaion of Norwegian or Resan woth wane isi Rakground ‘Whaling has Bea cre ot in Japan fr any buned yea dng which ime there have ben any changes acolo in speci aug nung ‘srounds andi the loation of whaling communis Is the purpose of is _-_---—-~ekee OS ine apart, we willdesrbethocaloganizton of pe-moder wing order to provide background ater for undetaning of recon Sich we il agua ei Inthe ways whaling eee tel cared on ‘utunoto (90) has divided the devlopnes of whaling in Japan ie stages in he fi ning we ino fhe sotecnh century, ling ns oe ‘Siblate a «busiest, Whales ocaionally were hunted with Bove do tary fishing ne but om whale iben were citer dvd or wounded wale {hat were caught they drifted in theses net ai ind of whaling het ‘pursued healthy animals (Hidcmure and Fujimoto 1978, ctv whaling thought to hae sried in the sneeth century Bu it was cnivtoards the endo that century hat whaling developed ino large scale en ‘eros hereby marking Fuku’ sscond stags Her Whalerode is see fl post nd made eof harpoon the um, cre that has ome fo ekonn asthe harpoon med (ator 0) Killed wba we brought bck ted in Wlapun, Sido, Novem Kyubu, and oa the cos of Yatnaguc facing the Sen of laps ee map Some communities such a Tal CWalajama Preeetue) and Katsuyana oeee age i108 (Cave Prefecture) continued until esa testo specie ning apoone {o eth sll cetacean achat dlphins, ple whales (GlBicephala macro ‘ons nd Bes bead whales Berns Gare adn wiih as ‘ud are wll shorts an portant eating othe development of moder Saito cons whaling toward the endothe sense ent JA ‘oe whaing ented heed tage though the tveton of he ne ted {Gio 1659 Wada Kakaeon io a nt methog fare whaling ‘rou were onpanize to dive whales (rail slow moving species ke ight ‘Galuena eas) and humpback (Megapron novaeonta) wha) nto ae desc sound procsng faces en shore This method spread ray Soughout mos of soudwestern Japan abd contd to domibate Japanese ‘naling alte end ofthe mneten century. Ne whaling offre In ‘ote substantial pt Gnclucing imestent by Osaka mechan) and the ‘popelors teers freuently mote tal Operations fom one whallng roendto another, binging skied worker i them Rips to cx paro {ar whaling sounds were rnd by feudal Del (he) in exchange ft fees © the tutors and sompenaton foe commanies forthe comers ‘whaling operations causeé ten.” Moree, regulations often ane othe ‘whale mes andaote. Inded,taoushout the year et ahving was emafar sci, ‘Moped to the ntooa! tal whee marks a Whe tous ey sa he te ad, has etry ped hoe eat oa {nsf of wang Aether eat a ih tal eta hse ne STCW somevtat diferent rom LTEW sod pegie wing RE Concasion Tn this paps, we have outned the histori background of premodern and Dred insect ea ge Iwona otter omnel spose cha Aine tbeditenct ave hessplemsenaee ete ena Anca nsatons obich at press apparent aoe a Mut nt one png Sean oe contusion, wena sok wat shat ales Japanese whaling an inter dice nape of theco-ctenc of tre toraaolwhalingand vo distin ‘SScutesbaesd on bing al procsing there are sure of feature: stipe imtonal nd enol lve whch serve ok bth theft ‘eetnason of whelng predactonand hae Pnpontdcertsn saree nd ‘Shag anchaetechnlop the lation ofthe whale reealteat of hal hl caer pate, city and datusion of Knowle at wel the ‘eal indostalurucase= whlch al perform sinters fonction. Tete [Se however oer element at need wo be considered Tithe a cone and diverse una of whale products which has ange litte verte cement prt of he whale fave ee sed for oe oy eve nd andre both inpesmoders and mode nes, ‘iesorzton i asompanie ty dered knowledge of cooling, which me Soi ewe haste pocened ery arly nde particalar was, Sraunantona blemy common foal tee pes of hang, bat not ound other whing eure, Are consqiene of thi petent rate in the ihe eranizaton of acts rating tthe catching snd proasng whales. “ihe organizational coninty fou it whaling ot confined 44 to whaling slo, ut sapere etre note phe ofIapaexeelare Sl Foreamite thew thecusomary concep of eign enue ing ic have over the censre rons rations bath between produces “Snthos vag and betwee oducts and authorities, Wit lew aceptons, ‘aling as ace re-todern mes ben ty elated and wed by eovern ‘en ecte ends ie peetral goverment a the national goer ‘nen. Farhereore produces bie always made panes host vila a 1 Yum of sompsnstio for cng loa people convenience and e nd that whaling oct bave made sar peyents and he crc oF SCT) hve astibted tr produce trough the Toa ish market, thereby setng the imortaat futon ofsbining other aces nthe ose communis, Sve fve ao sen thet hoi working ithe wane nds) rected Ds ovens in ar wl asics Besse thi we in tha hte ae berate fates of gift exchange n whaling communis (AK et 1989, nd {nttheesconcord vit cusiomary nodonso van tk and he eral sae ‘treipety found i apes ocety a whl (Be 186. Whale meat ‘Swe dtibuted ay fr among tbe fends and neous of whaler aad tus becomes song stabilizing fore betwen whaler ad non-vhalers ‘thang comments anda gesenchcommenity asin euty vives Tecpocy was apparent incerta tua whch a we hae sx, bel Co Integr tne whaling communty armhole By reveing indebtedness 10130 ‘he hos vilges in such ital stv, the whaling operators thensees be ‘omelette more totaly in communlty fa Atouh this tendon ‘Rrongrt in STC, was ao found ia ater ps of shale le the pa “The haces that we hae ereoxtned the consistent nd ied usage of whale products, the systems of eampenaton stented with nate systems and Toston of land satan, resprosty aad dsstuton of Whale ‘ea, and uals ~ ae found to some exe in al forms of whaling Seed ‘nthe pape and ence ac asking mechan between page whaling, [ETCW and STCW:Inthsrespey the supplement and infor thar ‘nd inkags on which we focused eater nou euson a the orgncation ‘ot production, Is the eteos ofl thee saies and linkages betwen whaling forms and seross whaling sub-altarer which have enabled ut oe forthe existence ofan integrated whaling ule i Span. Acknowledgments ‘he mr ou eo anne cpr or edad ing wit {ide vel th Zan Hi ion Gra ety Sof a ‘ea Se, ey of aed the oh a pepe is (Geebetptenieredtrmmrr cla et a sts nate Ine ftongp Abit bas Kaeo apo tac tn lin, ‘ma and sea i tere ae, Ca an ea Pe i a Nese han Pray con Cm Pe tee Aras ana et Un Pie “ep dnt an oe nh ia og mca) return oe 0, ace (Ga su ati it 6 wp mea ran ‘topo dan) gaara agp Ot {toon Yeon mdr gpe, hones eeepc psa “iinet he mesa Ahn aha inal 0-70 eee ‘tits ae ere para nebo way se ‘Sati the tue per mt Tas ss le es Inthe sre rt ot Kut i wae eyo ‘Dette pee 8 H6)ynmoletocdentehihin cet ein ‘untistnocntrttoepit besa sna gre So ‘Stegner satus hecho i et) reedparten of onpnntz aed Tse ene ed ‘tie pn sche edi ey a fsa Sao ‘aan Arc = " cnicetnsnementettny etre iets Sieteunacreon ‘echenesteingeonvee csr Tika batachargpetons npn wm ae pees ise yc nb Leics reseummenontioreraancona te SS e ae rrte nse r een Stmuiewmn scanner Sees rceteaeemprenmre! itu toca rn ener men eg sete eens cneemcrmneee teeta Sesame catrmemeetaares ape Scipearmeyamnesareeand Spencer censor asc a = pene bacon sea spleen mee theo re cs Hicermtmananes Sener nee tee steer etcegi minmrtvansoraerpectetsend etna eereerera errant Schuinchecnteepntarseteommnncraart TES ETERS tanec peers eat cgtr aes carans See Aw comet tt eer arcane icra soe nas aemeertememaas Stes deremherettennton siete tiesokocet =i Saas ‘Theme tac ef nin thre Shertrananadpemsieeesttansy stops, Saoetemesaetaennse Sobiemrstintesroeewes oe ctsRetrences Ce Stim a erin te eo Tom" Esl Antone ant Atplagl Fog. 1. 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