A Deliverable by the NGMN Alliance

MULTI-ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY
Antenna Co-Site Solutions

next generation mobile networks

 A Deliverable by
the NGMN Alliance
MULTI-ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY
Antenna Co-Site Solutions
Version: 2.4 Final
Date: 31st August 2012
Document Type: Final Deliverable (approved)
Confidentiality Class: P - Public
Authorised Recipients: N/A

Project: Multi Antenna Technology

Editor / Submitter: Ma Xin, China Mobile
Contributors: China Mobile, Datang Mobile, Huawei, ZTE
Approved by / Date: Board 31 August 2012

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Document Information

Editor in Charge Ma Xin(China Mobile)

Editing Team Yujiang Wu Huawei

Jianan LeeZTE

Li ChuanjunDatang Mobile

Document status: FINAL

Version: 2.4

st
Date: August 31 , 2012

Abstract
This deliverable is produced by the Next Generation Mobile Network Project MATE Multi-ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY.
This document provides the solutions of co-site antenna to reduce the antenna installation space and requirement for
2G/3G/4G. This deliverable will focus on the solutions on 2path and 8path co-site antenna.
This document includes two main solutions: 2path antenna solutions which are based on the requirements of
FDD/TDD/3G/GSM co-site;8path antenna solutions which are based on the requirements of FDD-TDD,TDD-TDD LTE
and TDD LTE-3G co-site .
The intention is to provide a specific, yet generic, description of co-site antenna features.

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 2

0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Co-site solution is a big issue for the operators network deployments. The document focuses on the co-site solutions
from antenna side. Both 2 path solutions and 8 path solutions will be used in the future network when operators
operate more than one generation of mobile telecommunication system. In fact most of them have both 2G and 3G
network and will launch 4G soon and many of them have both TDD and FDD bands. The solutions in this document
will be important references.

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 3

CONTENT

0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................ 3
1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE................................................................................................................................... 5
2 BACKGROUND & REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 5
3 2 PATH ANTENNA CO-SITE SOLUTIONS.................................................................................................................. 5
3.1 BAND ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 ANTENNA KEY DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
3.2.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................................................................... 6
3.2.2 KEY PARAMETERS ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
3.2.3 Array layout ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.3 TDD/FDD CO-SITE SOLUTION.................................................................................................................................................10
4 8 PATH ANTENNA SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................................. 12
4.1 REQUIREMENT ......................................................................................................................................................................12
4.2 ANTENNA DESIGN: 65DEGREE ELEMENTS.................................................................................................................................14
4.3 ANTENNA DESIGN: ANTENNA INTEGRATED COMBINER ................................................................................................................18
4.4 ANTENNA DESIGN: INDEPENDENT RET .....................................................................................................................................19
4.5 TDD 3G/4G CO-SITE ............................................................................................................................................................19
4.5.1 Solutions ...................................................................................................................................................................20
4.5.2 Simulation.................................................................................................................................................................21
4.6 TDD/FDD LTE CO-SITE ........................................................................................................................................................23
4.7 ANTENNA PRODUCTS ......................................................................................................................................................25
4.7.1 Side-by-side layout ...................................................................................................................................................25
4.8 LAB TEST ..............................................................................................................................................................................26
4.9 KEY ANTENNA PARAMETERS ....................................................................................................................................................27
4.10 TRIALS .................................................................................................................................................................................29
5 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................................... 32

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 4

1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
The Multi-antenna Technology (MATE) project of NGMN, will share the information and experiences on antenna
deployment and conclude some basic modes for reference for future 3G/LTE antenna deployment. The project will
mainly focus on the multi antenna tech since it has been considered as the future trend for both TDD/FDD systems.
This document provides the solutions of co-site antenna to reduce the difficulty of antenna deployment for information
sharing. This deliverable will focus on the conclusion and summary of 2path/8path two basic co-site antenna modes
from operators and vendors experience.
.
2 BACKGROUND & REQUIREMENTS
Operators will operate more and more networks including 2G/3G/4G. However, it is harder and harder to find enough
antenna space for installation and deployment. Operators need new antenna solutions to co-site together to reduce
the antenna amount and difficulty to deployment. Furthermore, a good solution will benefit all systems and also reduce
the cost for maintenance.
For the multi-antenna solutions considering the requirements from TDD/FDD LTE system, there are 2 main
requirements:
First, co-site requirement of 2-path antenna.
2-path antenna has been widely used in GSM/3G/FDD-LTE, also will be used in TD-LTE in some scenarios. The basic
features including:
-super wideband: cover 2G/3G/4G band
-Dual-polar design
-Cover the parameter requirements from 2G/3G/4G, such as PIM
Second, co-site requirement of 8-path antenna.
8-path antenna has been widely used in 3 G/TD-LTE systems. We will also consider the future 4-path antenna
application in FDD LTE. The basic features including:
-Wideband: cover 3G/4G, and 2G in the future
-Support the FDD LTE co-site with 2 paths or 4paths
-Dual-polar design for both systems

3 2 PATH ANTENNA CO-SITE SOLUTIONS

3.1 BAND

In recent co-site solution is becoming more and more popular with the development of mobile communication.
Implementation of co-site solution can be classified in three types roughly, which are dual/triple band combiner, same
band combiner and multi-band antenna respectively. Because multi-band antenna can achieve independent RET
easily, it becomes the mainstream.
According to analysis of 3GPP band and deployment of existing network there are several common band
combinations shown in Table 3.1. For example, combination 1 chooses the above 5 bands for co-site solution. Other
combinations are achieved by deleting according band.
Table 3.1 Common band combination for co-site solution
Common Bands 790-862 880-960 1710-1880 1920-2170 2490-2690
Combination1
Combination 2
Combination 3
Combination 4
Combination 5
Combination6
Combination 7
Combination 8

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 5

3.2 ANTENNA KEY DESIGN

3.2.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

To achieve system performance several antenna requirements should be ensured

1. Independent RET
2. System isolation is more than 30dB
3. Better reliability
4. Moderate antenna size
With the help of independent RET, co-site system can be optimized respectively. With the help of high system isolation
interference between two systems can be suppressed in high power level. Reliability is a basic feature in antenna
survival. The performance of all system will be impacted in the co-site solution when some part of the antenna works
abnormally. Thereby co-site applications make antenna design facing more challenge not only in total size.

3.2.2 KEY PARAMETERS

Antenna for co-site solution should satisfy not only common antenna parameters requirements but also the
requirements for co-site application . These paremeters are shown as below.
1. VSWR
2. Isolation (inter-ISO, intra-ISO)
3. PIM
4. Power-handling
VSWR and ISO are key parameters for common antenna and will not be discussed here. Inter-ISO and PIM should be
paid more attention, for example, in some bands combination PIM 2 should be considered other than PIM 3.
PIM analysis is suggested to do before total design and measurement to ensure the antenna can operate normally in
co-site application. For better understanding, analysis of PIM 3 ~ PIM 11 is shown as below. TX/RX band information
should be collected first, which is listed in table 3.2
Table 3.2 Common band combination for TX/RX

Mode TXMHz RXMHz

Band 20
DD800 791 821 832 862

Band 8
925 - 960 880 - 915
E GSM900
Band 3
DSC1800 1 805 -1 880 1 710 - 1 785

Band 1
UMTS Band I 2 110 - 2 170 1 920 - 1 980

Band 7
2620 2690 2500 2570
FDD 2.6G

First, for 1710 MHz~2690 MHz wide-band antenna which combines UMTS band1, DCS 1800, FDD 2.6G PIMs for TX
are listed as below
Table 3.3 PIM analysis for UMTS Band 1, DCS 1800 and FDD 2.6G
DSC1800 UMTS Band I FDD 2.6G
Lower Higher Lower Higher Lower Higher
boundary boundary boundary boundary boundary boundary
TX 1805 1880 2110 2170 2620 2690
RX 1710 1785 1920 1980 2500 2570

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 6

PIM3 / 1730 1955 2050 2230 2550 2760 2700
171
PIM5 1655 2030 1990 2290 2480 / 2700
0
171
PIM7 1580 2105 1930 2350 2410 / 2700
0
171
PIM9 1505 2180 1870 2410 2340 / 2700
0
PIM1 171
1430 2255 1810 2470 2270 / 2700
1 0

For easy understanding, spectrum distribution of impact of PIM for RX are listed as below

RX of DCS1800 TX of DCS1800 RX of UMTS Band I RX of FDD2.6G

PIM3
PIM5
PIM7
PIM9
PIM11

Figure 3.1 Analysis of PIM generated by DCS 1800

(Note:magnitude of Y axis does not mean the PIM level.)

RX of DCS1800 RX of UMTS Band I TX of UMTS Band I RX of FDD2.6G

PIM3
PIM5
PIM7
PIM9
PIM11

Figure 3.2 Analysis of PIM generated by UMTS 1

RX of DCS1800 RX of UMTS Band I RX of FDD2.6G TX of FDD2.6G

PIM3
PIM5
PIM7
PIM9
PIM11

Figure 3.3 Analysis of PIM generated by 2.6G

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 7
From these figures we know that PIM generated by DCS 1800 begins to impact others from 3rd inter-modulation.,.
Only PIM 7 should be measured for UMTS Band 1. As similar analysis only PIM 3 should be measured for Band VII.
Generally magnitude of product of PIM 3 is much higher than that of PIM 7, thus only PIM 3 will be tested by most
vendors.

Secondly, for 790 MHz~960 0 MHZMHz wide-band antenna which combines DD 800 and E-GSM 900 PIMs for TX are
listed as below.
Table 3.4 PIM analysis for DD800, E-GSM900
DD800 E-GSM900
Lower boundary Higher boundary Lower boundary Higher boundary
TX 792 822 925 960
RX 832 862 880 915
762 995
PIM3 852 890
790 960
PIM5 790 882 855 960
PIM7 790 912 820 960
PIM9 790 942 790 785 960
972
PIM11 790 790 750 960
960
Figure 3.4 and 3.5 show spectrum distribution of PIM for
TX of DD800 RX of DD800 RX of E-GSM900

PIM3
PIM5
PIM7
PIM9
PIM11

Figure 3.4 Analysis of PIM from DD 800 to E-GSM 900

RX of DD800 RX of E-GSM900 TX of E-GSM900

PIM3
PIM5
PIM7
PIM9
PIM11

Figure 3.5 Analysis of PIM from E-GSM 900 to DD 800

From these figures we can see that PIM coming from DD 800 and E-GSM 900 all begin from 3rd inter modulation. PIM
3 and PIM 5 impact DD 800 and E-GSM 900. So higher order inter modulation should be added in measurement other
than PIM 3. Normally only PIM 3 will be tested due to the higher magnitude than that of PIM 7.

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 8

3.2.3 Array layout

To achieve desired system performance, array layout of antenna for co-site solution should be treated carefully. Side-
by-side, Co-axial and Side-by-side with co-axial are usual choice. When compact size is most need, radiator element
level sharing (RELS) is another good choice in array design.

Co-axial Side-by-side Side-by-side with co-axial

Figure 3.6 Array layout
Co-axial layout is more suitable for the application where frequencies are far away from each other in spectrum. It can
achieve good radiation pattern and realize compact size, but impact between low and high frequency unit is somewhat
serious that good electrical specifications are difficult to achieve. Side-by-side layout can reduce impact between units,
but direction of pattern and symmetry deteriorate for asymmetric reflector and width of total antenna is wider.
Radiator element level sharing (RELS) is new solution, which is based on combinerPCB or cavity designing
cascade with feeding network. The antenna size for this layout keeps the same, performance of different bands is
similar, and downtilt angle optimization can be done independently). However, reliability of the antenna challenges
more when a large number of combiners are arranged.

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 9

 Figure 3.7 Sharing element layout

3.3 TDD/FDD CO-SITE SOLUTION

When bandwidth of antenna can cover TDD and FDD band at the same time, co-site solution can be applied. For a
antenna array which bandwidth is 1.71G~2.69G, we can choose suitable band from Band 33 to Band 40 to combine
with FDD band. Though PIM is not considered in TDD system, it should be key parameter in co-site solution because
PIM from TDD may fall in the RX band of FDD. Using principle of section 3.2.2 PIM analysis can be done for Band
1/Band 40 and Band 7/Band 40. PIM 9 or PIM 3 of Band 40 should be considered in this condition.
To demonstrate the architecture of this solution clearly, we analyse the combination of Band 7 and Band 40. This array
can be designed to cover 2.3G~2.7G. Using the technique of sharing element mentioned in section 3.2.3, TDD/FDD
co-site can be achieved. Figure 3.7 shows the architecture of this antenna array. Duplexers are set behind the antenna
element. TDD and FDD paths use different feeding network. In this architecture PIM of element is a challenge because
of the lack of analysis and improved technique. N connector is widely used in TDD system. When this connector is
used in co-site solution, we suggest that plating or alloy treatment should be employed to improve PIM. Besides
antenna PIM we should also pay the same attention to PIM in link.

Table 3.5 PIM for Band 1/Band 40 and Band 7/Bands 40

Mode TXMHz RXMHz

E-UTRA Band 1
2110 2170 1920 1980
UMTS Band 1
E-UTRA Band 7 2620 2690 2500 2570
E-UTRA Band 40
2300 2400 2300 2400
TD-SCDMA-E

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 10

 RX of Band1 TX/RX of Band40

PIM3
PIM5
PIM7
PIM9
PIM11

Figure 3.8 Analysis of PIM from Band 40 to Band 1

TX/RX of Band40 RX of Band7

PIM3
PIM5
PIM7
PIM9
PIM11

Figure 3.9 Analysis of PIM from Band 40 to Band 7

Typical spec for a wideband antenna2300-2700 MHz including Band 40 and Band 7
Frequency range (MHz) 2300-2400 2500-2690
Polarization() 45

Tilt 0 5 10 0 5 10

Gain(0.5dB) 17.3 17.2 16.8 17.4 17.3 17.0

3dB beamwidth
68 65
(horizontal) (4)
10dB beamwidth
(horizontal) (10) 132 127
(reference)
Variable Electrical Downtilt Range 010
3dB Beamwidth
7.50.5 70.5
(vertical)
Front to back ratio, copolar
>=26,Typ.30
(18030) (dB)
Front to back ratio, cross-polar) (18030) (dB) >=24,Typ.26

Sidelobe suppression for first sidelobe above 0 5 10 0 5 10

vertical (dB), Typ.

17 16 16 17 16 15

Sidelobe suppressionwithin 30150 sector >9dB

Typ. 12

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 11

 above vertical

>=18dB @ 0
Cross Pole Discrimination (dB)
Typ. 10dB @ 10dB
Intermodulation (dBc) (2X20W Carriers) > 150dBcPIM3
Max. CW power per input (W) 250 (at 50 C ambient temperature)

Isolation Between Ports (dB) >=30

VSWR <=1.4:1
Impedance() 50
Vertical Beam Squint Across Downtilt Range() <= 0.5

4 8 PATH ANTENNA SOLUTIONS

The 4 columns 8 antenna elements dual polarized smart antenna is referred to 8 path smart antenna or dual polarized
smart antenna. Dual polarized smart antenna technology is also termed as beamforming, exploits knowledge of
channel information at transmitter. It utilizes the channel information to build the beamforming matrices as pre-filters at
transmitter to achieve link gain and capacity gain.
When evolving to TD-LTE, dual polarized smart antenna can be used to substantially to improve the TD-LTE system
performance by leveraging the spatial characteristics of the wireless channel. Dual polarized smart antenna with the
single-antenna port (port 5) can improve the power efficiency, and Dual polarized smart antenna with dual layer
transmission (port 7 & port 8) can increase the effective date rate. So the dual polarized smart antenna is best choice
for TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE.
At the same time, when evolving to TD-LTE, many operators find it difficult to obtain new sites for TD-LTE base
stations. Likewise, due to restrictions from authorities, zoning regulations, or concerns regarding RF exposure, it is
often difficult to add antennas to existing sites. However, co-site solutions enable operators to reuse existing equipment.
The co-site solutions is used to signify the sharing of equipment between different systems at a given site, for example,
the antenna, system, power and battery backup system, transmission, cooling, and shelters.
This article solely discusses the co-site of antenna system for TD-LTE and TD-LTE with different frequency spectrum,
TD-SCDMA, TD-LTE and GSM, TD-LTE and TD-LTE-A.

4.1 REQUIREMENT

TD-LTE system is being rolled out in some global operators network. Furthermore, TD-LTE has raised a great interest
to more and more operators in the world. TD-LTE networks have being or will being rolled out by operators who own
GSM network or LTE FDD network simultaneously. It means that operators need co-site solutions for GSM
900/GSM1800, TD-SCDMA (1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz), TD-LTE (2500-2690 MHz)/ TD-LTE-A in network
deployment. In the text that follows, we take an investigation in co-site solutions of antenna system for
- TD-LTE and TD-LTE with different frequency spectrum
- TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA
- TD-LTE and GSM
- TD-LTE and FDD-LTE
- TD-LTE and TDD-LTE-A
Depending on the requirements, there is a way of co-site antenna systems solution for TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA. The
simplest method is to share antenna for TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA, replacing existing TD-SCDMA 1880-1920/2010-
2025 MHz dual-polarized smart antenna with 1880-1920/2010-2025/2500-2690MHz dual-polarized smart antenna.
China mobile received the 2500-2690 MHz spectrum for TD-LTE, which necessitated smart antenna co-site solutions
for TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE. So, the China mobile developed 1880-1920/2010-2025/2500-2690 MHz dual-polarized

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 12

smart antenna which is referred to smart antenna. The smart antenna can be used to share the TD-SCDMA with new
TD-LTE system.
Three co-site solutions of antenna system for TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA or TD-LTE/TD-LTE are
1. smart antenna sharing solution : smart antenna, filter combiner
2. smart antenna sharing solution: smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-
Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC)
3. smart antenna sharing solution : independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner
and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC)
The solution 1 shares smart antenna by filter combiner. Figure 4.1 shows smart antenna sharing solution 1. In this
solution, after replacing existing TD-SCDMA dual-polarized smart antenna with smart antenna, we should add filter
combiner and TD-LTE RRU to existing sites. We can find it is difficult to add filter combiner and TD-LTE RRU to
existing sites.
In this case, in order to solve difficulty in the installation of filter combiner, we develop smart antenna Integrated with
filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC). Existing TD-SCDMA dual-polarized smart
antenna is replaced with smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface
(MCIC), this solution is called smart antenna sharing solution 2, and is shown as Figure 4.2.
Since the antenna down-tilt angle and antenna direction is the same for TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA system in smart
antenna solution 1 and solution 2, the antenna down-tilt angle cant be adjusted independently which will affects the
cell planning. So the smart antenna sharing solution 3 is designed, and FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna
Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC) is used in smart antenna sharing
solution 3, and is shown in Figure4.3.The down-tilt angle of TD-LTE and the down-tilt angle of TD-SCDMA can be
adjusted independently from 2 degree to 12 degree.
This three smart antenna sharing solutions are also be used in co-site solutions of antenna system for TD-LTE and
TD-LTE with different frequency spectrum. For example, the frequency range of first TD-LTE system is 1880-
1920/2010-2025, and the frequency range of another TD-LTE system is 2500-2690 MHz.
The three type smart antenna will be introduced in the following section.
d
FAD smart
antenna

1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8 cal

filter combiner

TD-SCDMA(or
TD-LTE
TD-LTE)
RRU
RRU

Power Cable Optical fiber

TD-SCDMA(or TD-
TD-LTE
LTE)
BBU
BBU

Figure 4.1 smart antenna sharing solution 1

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 13

 d

FAD smart antenna

Integrated
-
with
filter combiner and
(MCIC)

filter combiner MCIC

Interface
Multi-
Coaxial Incorporative
Cable(MCIC)

TD-SCDMA(or
TD-LTE
TD-LTE)
RRU
RRU

Power Cable Optical fiber

TD-SCDMA(or TD-
TD-LTE
LTE)
BBU
BBU

Figure 4.2 smart antenna sharing solution 2

FA/D independent
FC is filter Electrical Tilt smart
combiner antenna Integrated
with filter combiner
d and (MCIC)
-
FC FC FC FC
FC Ph FC Ph FC Ph FC Ph
FC ase FC ase FC ase FC ase
FC Shi FC Shi FC Shi FC Shi
FC fter FC fter FC fter FC fter
FC FC FC FC
FC FC FC FC
FC FC FC FC MCIC
Interface

Multi-
Coaxial Incorporative
Cable(MCIC)

TD-SCDMA(or TD-LTE
TD-LTE) RRU RRU

Optical fiber Power Cable

TD-SCDMA(or TD- TD-LTE

LTE) BBU BBU

Figure 4.3 smart antenna sharing solution 3

So independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable
Interface (MCIC) solution is an attractive choice for TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA co-site.

4.2 ANTENNA DESIGN: 65DEGREE ELEMENTS

Since the element beam width in 2500 2690 MHz frequency range is 6515 degree, FAD smart antenna is referred
to 65 degree element beam smart antenna. Figure 4-4 shows schematic diagram of 4 columns 8 antenna elements
dual polarized smart antenna. The 4 columns 450 polarized antennas are vertically oriented, and are spaced at a
distance of d . Antenna elements 1,2,3,4 are + 450 polarized, and antenna elements 5,6,7,8 are 450 polarized.
NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 14
 d

cal
1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8

Figure 4.4 schematic diagram of 4 columns 8 antenna elements dual polarized

smart antenna (such as FAD frequency smart antenna)

Currently for TD-SCDMA, the frequency range of dual-polarized smart antenna is 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz. So, its
upper frequency fU is 2025 MHz and its lower frequency f L is 1880 MHz. The percentage of bandwidth is calculated
as follows:
100( fU f L )
percentage of bandwidth = % = 7.43%
( fU + f L ) / 2
The column spacing for TD-SCDMA dual-polarized smart antenna at the range of 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz is
designed as 75mm, so the column spacing d L at lower frequency f L is 0.47 L in wavelength, and its column
spacing dU at upper frequency fU is 0.5062U in wavelength.
Since the column spacing is an significant parameter for design of the dual polarized smart antenna, and a percentage
of bandwidth 7.43% is very low percentage of bandwidth for dual polarized smart antenna design, so it is easy to
design this column spacing for such a low percentage of bandwidth. But as the percentage of bandwidth increases, the
design of column spacing will become difficult.
For example, when the frequency range of FAD smart antenna is 1880-1920/2010-2025/2500-2690 MHz, its upper
f
frequency U is 2690 MHz and its lower frequency
f L is 1880 MHz. In this case, the percentage of bandwidth is
calculated as follows:
100( fU f L )
percentage of bandwidth = % = 35.45%
( fU + f L ) / 2
A percentage of bandwidth 35.45% is very wide bandwidth parameter. And it has a strong relationship with column
spacing design. Typically, in multiple columns smart antenna application, the column spacing is approximately 0.5
c
or 0.5 . The choice of frequency f is very important to smart antenna performance. If we choose the f = fU ,
f
dU = 0.5U
d f 0.5 f L
d L = U L L = L = 0.3494L
c fU
So in this case, the column spacing d L at lower frequency f L is 0.3494 L in wavelength, when its column spacing
dU at upper frequency fU is 0.5U in wavelength. Since column spacing of 0.3494L will lead mutual coupling

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 15

between columns to increase and the increased mutual coupling will lead to element beam broadened, and then
c
eventually lead to element gain decreased. So the physical column spacing 0.5 is not suitable.
fU
When the physical column spacing of FAD smart antenna is designed as 75mm, the column spacing at lower
frequency f L in wavelength is 0.47 L , and its column spacing at upper frequency fU in wavelength is 0.6725U .
The physical column spacing of FAD smart antenna is same with the column spacing of TD-SCDMA dual-polarized
smart antenna in 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz
The performance of FAD smart antenna in 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz is close to performance of TD-SCDMA dual-
polarized smart antenna in 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz. And the performance of FAD smart antenna in 2500-2690
MHz can meet the requirement of TD-LTE system. The detail performance parameters of FAD smart antenna are
defined as:
Table 4.1 Parameters of FAD smart antenna (example)

Number Category Parameter Value

Frequency 1880-1920F/2010-2025A
1 Freqency RangeMHz
Parameter /2500-2690D

2 Structure Path Number 8

Parameter
2 Array Type linear array
3 Polarization Type 45
4 Column Number 4
5 Column Spacingmm 75
6 Electrical downtilt 6
7 Circuit Electrical downtilt Accuracy 1
8 Parameter Input impedanceohm 50
9 Antenna Port VSWR 1.5
Isolation between same polarization
10 25
ports(dB)
Isolation between cross-polarization
11 28
ports(dB)
12 Maximum input power W 50
Transmission loss from antenna element
13 -262
port to calibration port (dB)
Calibration Difference in transmission coefficient
14 Parameter between any 2 antenna element port to 0.5
calibration port in magnitude(dB)
Difference in transmission coefficient
15 between any 2 antenna element port to 5
calibration port in phase(deg)
16 Calibraion port VSWR 1.5
17 Calibration port directional coupler (dB) 15
Active return loss of antenna
Active return
18 element(Relative to 50 ohms -10
loss
dB
19 Vertical half-power beam width 7/6.5/5
Vertical beam
Upper side suppression(USLS)dB
20 -16
dB
21 Lower Null FilldBdB -22
22 Element beam GaindBi 14.5/15/16.5
23 Horizontal half-power beam width 10015/9015/6515

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 16

 Horizontal gain attenuation at 60
24 -/-/-123
dB
25 Horizontal FBRdB 23
Horizontal pattern Cross-polarization
26 15
ratioon AxisdB
Horizontal pattern Cross-polarization
27 10
ratioIn range of 60degreedB

28 GaindBi[note 1] 14.5/15/15

29 65 degree Horizontal half-power beam width 655

broadcast beam Horizontal gain attenuation at 60
30 -123
dB
31 Horizontal FBRdB 28
Horizontal pattern Cross-polarization
32 15
ratioon AxisdB
Horizontal pattern Cross-polarization
33 10
ratioIn range of 60degreedB
Ripple in range of Horizontal half-power
34 2
beam widthdB

35 GaindBi 20.5/21/22.5
0 degree scan
36 beam Horizontal half-power beam width 30/28/25
37 Horizontal FBRdB 28
38 Horizontal side lobe leveldB -12
Difference of right and left Horizontal
39 2
side lobe leveldBdB
Lightning
40 Lightning protection DC Ground
protection
Mechanical 8 antenna connector + 1
41 Connector Number
parameter calibration connector
42 Connector Type N-50K
43 Connector position Bottom
Mechanical
44 Mechanical tilt () 0~+10
adjustment
45 Mounting hardware (mm) 50~115

note 1 including+ power divider loss - power loss due to weight amplitude(dB)

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 17

4.3 ANTENNA DESIGN: ANTENNA INTEGRATED COMBINER

In order to solve the difficulty in the installation of filter combiner, we develop FAD smart antenna Integrated with filter
combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC). And it is referred to FA/D combined smart antenna.
Figure 4.5 shows the schematic diagram of FA/D combined smart antenna.
d

FAD smart antenna

Integrated
-
with
filter combiner and
(MCIC)

filter combiner MCIC

Interface

Figure 4.5 schematic diagram of FAD smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner
and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC).
One (1) filter combiner, and 4 MCIC interface are integrated to smart antenna. The physical column spacing of FA/D
combined smart antenna is 75mm, and 4 columns 450 polarized antennas are vertically oriented, and are spaced at
1,2,3,4 are + 45 polarized, and antenna elements 5,6,7,8 are
0
a distance of 75mm, Antenna elements
450 polarized. Antenna 1-8 port and calibration port are connected to combined port of filter combiner.

Combined port
1 5 2 6 cal 3 7 4 8
2 path filter
combiner

FC FC FC FC FC FC FC FC FC

filter combiner

MCIC
Interface

5- coaxial MCIC for

4- coaxial MCIC
1880-1920/2010-
for 2500-2690MHz
2025MHz

4- coaxial MCIC for

5- coaxial MCIC
1880-1920/2010-
for 2500-2690MHz
2025MHz

Figure 4.6 schematic diagram of filter combiner and MCIC interface

Figure 4-6 shows schematic diagram of filter combiner and MCIC interface. This filter combiner is composed of 9 two
path filter combiner. Every little 2 path filter combiner has two filter branches connected to a common combined port.
One filter branch is designed to 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz; another filter branch is designed to support the range of
2500-2690 MHz. The little 2 path filter combiner enables signals from each filter branch to be combined on the
common combined port and avoid signals from one filter branch leaking into another filter branch. The little filter
combiner also allows a combined signal that has been inserted the common combined port to be separated into its
components on the separated filter branches. The general characteristics of filter combiners are low loss and excellent
isolation between branches.

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 18

The MCIC interface is used in FA/D combined smart antenna design, 1 5- coaxial MCIC connector and 1 4-coaxial
MCIC connector are designed for TD-SCDMA 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz system. Meanwhile, another 1 5- coaxial
MCIC connector and 1 4-coaxial MCIC connector are designed for TD-LTE 2500-2690 MHz system.

4.4 ANTENNA DESIGN: INDEPENDENT RET

In order to solve the difficulty in cell planning for FA/D combined smart antenna , we develop FA/D independent
Electrical Tilt smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface
(MCIC).which is referred to FA/D independent electrical tilt smart antenna. Figure 4.7 shows schematic diagram of
FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna.
FA/D independent
FC is 2 path Electrical Tilt smart
filter combiner antenna Integrated with
filter combiner and
d (MCIC)

-
FC FC FC FC
FC Ph FC Ph FC Ph FC Ph
FC ase FC ase FC ase FC ase
FC Shi FC Shi FC Shi FC Shi
FC fter FC fter FC fter FC fter
FC FC FC FC
FC FC FC FC
FC FC FC FC

5- coaxial MCIC for

4- coaxial MCIC
1880-1920/2010-
for 2500-2690MHz
2025MHz
4- coaxial MCIC for
5- coaxial MCIC
1880-1920/2010-
for 2500-2690MHz
2025MHz

Figure 4.7 schematic diagram of FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna
Integrated with filter combiner and MCIC
The physical column spacing for FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna is 75mm, and 4 columns
450 polarized antennas are vertically oriented, and are spaced at a distance 75mm,.Antenna elements 1,2,3,4 are
+ 450 polarized, and antenna elements 5,6,7,8 are 450 polarized. Each polarized (-45 or +45) dipole is integrated
with 2 path filter combiner. Each polarized (-45 or +45) dipole is connected to the common combined port of 2 path
filter combiner. The two filter branches of 2 path filter combiner are independent connect to the FA (1880-1920/2010-
2025) phase shifter and D (2500-2690 MHz) phase shifter.
The MCIC interface is used in FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna design, 1 5- coaxial MCIC connector
and 1 4-coaxial MCIC connector are designed for TD-SCDMA 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz system, and they are
connected to the FA phase shifter. Meanwhile, another 1 5- coaxial MCIC connector and 1 4-coaxial MCIC connector
are designed for TD-LTE 2500-2690 MHz system, and they are connected to the D phase shifter.

4.5 TDD 3G/4G CO-SITE

In recent years, CMCC has been preparing to deploy a 4G TD-LTE network. There will be many challenges and
opportunities to deploy 3G\4G co-site networks. In China, the TD-SCDMA network based on BMA antenna has
arranged more than 13,700 pcs (estimated value), running for more than 2 years, and come out good results after
stood on sun, wind, rain, salt spray, high and low temperature and other environmental challenges outside the field.
These huge resources push CMCC to offer better antenna solutions to resolve this big challenge.

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 19

4.5.1 Solutions

For 3G\4G co-site deployment, TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA co-antenna should be required in most scenarios. However, it
is not easy to find sufficient antenna resources for 4G deployment. Fortunately, there are many benefits to deploy
3G\4G co-location networks:
Co-location deployment is convenient for unified capacity and coverage planning.
Saves TCO (by sharing of site, peripherals, BBU, CN, etc).
Easy for engineering and maintenance
Easy for co-antenna as 3G TD-SCDMA also adopts 8-path antennas
Before 4G deployment, 3G TD-SCDMA wireless networks have been built in A band (2010-2025 MHz) and F band
(1880-1920 MHz). D band (2570-2620 MHz) TD-LTE is introduced for outdoor co-site deployment.
Here are two solutions for TDD 3G/4G co- antenna:
(1) One is FAD Antenna solution with a built-in combiner. In this solution, the combiner is built in the antenna.
(2) The other is Band D RRU solution with a built-in combiner. In this solution, the combiner is out of the antenna, and
built in the RRU.
There are two kinds of TD-LTE co-antenna options, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 4.1 TD-LTE co-antenna options

Both solutions have pros and cons. In the early stage, we adopt the built-in RRU combiner solution. However, as the
antenna technology becomes more and more mature, the built-in antenna combiner solution is more attractive and all
of antenna vendors claim that they can fully support this technology. Due to easy maintenance, when one RRU is
under maintenance, the services on other RRUs can still run normally without any interruption.

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 20

 Table 4-1 Pros and Cons Between Two Co-antenna Solutions

Band D RRU With a FAD Antenna With a

Comparison Conclusion
Built-in Combiner Built-in combiner

Volume: increases by Volume: increases by

1.5L~2.5L; 1.5L~2.5L;
Volume/Weight Same
Weight: increases 1.5-2.5 Weight: increases by
kg 1.5~2.5 kg

Cost Increases 400-500 RMB Increases 400-500 RMB Same

Reliability Little effect on BS reliability Little effect on BS reliability Same

High coupling; The second one makes

Low coupling;
Maintenance of Band D operation and maintenance
Maintenance Maintenance of any RRU
RRUs will affect Band AF more convenient and
will not affect others.
RRUs. reduces downtime.

RRUs need to be tailored, Supported by antenna

The second solution will not
Product which goes against the vendors;
impact TD-LTE
Support commonality of TD-LTE No impact on TD-LTE
globalization.
products. globalization

In a word, we recommend the built-in antenna combiner solution.

4.5.2 Simulation

Many infrastructure vendors have carried out simulation tests in 3G/4G co-site scenarios, and the test results show
good performance and compliance with the real field test. Our simulation is shown as follows.
RSRP and CINR in one cell represent the coverage performance. That is, in one cell, we may receive different signal
quality in different points. CINR will show different signal quality you may get from a near point to a far point according
to the location of the base station.
Throughput shows the capacity performance in one cell, including average spectral efficiency and edge spectral
efficiency.
As shown in the following tables, the performance including RSRP, CINR distribution shows that the results are quite
normal and similar to the independent antenna simulation result. And the throughput with co-antenna solution is just
around the normal average throughput value, with little affected. In a word, there is little difference in capacity and
coverage performance whether co-antenna or non co-antenna solution is adopted.

Table 4-2 TDD 3G/4G Co-site Simulation Result - RSRP

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 21
 Value
X < -110 20.81%
-110 <= X < -105 25.86%
-105 <= X < -100 23.16%
-100 <= X < -95 6.19%
-95 <= X << +INF 23.14%

Table 4-3 TDD 3G/4G Co-site Simulation Result -CINR

Value
-INF << X < -2 24.24%
-2 <= X < 0 24.13%
0 <= X < 5 37.40%
5 <= X < 10 11.94%
10 <= X < 15 1.35%
15 <= X << +INF 0.21%

Table 4-4 TDD 3G/4G Co-site Simulation Result -Throughput

LOAD=50%
UL\DL Average Throughput (Mbps) Edge Throughput (Mbps)
DL 7.85106 0.455112
UL 2.40136 0.14072
Here are some co-antenna scenarios. Take TD-SCDMA/TD-LTE co-antenna for example. The results include 3
different scenarios:
(1) Optimized for TDS
(2) Optimized for TDL
(3) Trade-off between TDL and TDS
There are some antenna parameters to be optimized for TD-LTE or TD-SCDMA coverage and capacity, including
down tilt angle, transmit power, heights of antenna, etc.The results are shown in the following tables.

Table 4-5 TDD 3G/4G Co-site in Different Scenarios -CINR

Value Optimized for Optimized for Trade-off
TD-L TD-S
-INF << X < -2 12.45% 15.39% 13.03%
-2 <= X < 0 13.83% 17.21% 14.94%
0 <= X < 5 32.24% 34.98% 34.50%
5 <= X < 10 22.48% 20.55% 22.51%
10 <= X < 15 13.28% 8.75% 11.20%
15 <= X << +INF 5.72% 3.12% 3.82%

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 22

 Table 4-6 TDD 3G/4G Co-site in Different Scenarios -RSRP
Value Optimized for Optimized for Trade-off
TD-L TD-S
-INF << X < -110 23.43% 25.45% 24.64%
-110 <= X < -105 14.41% 14.74% 15.34%
-105 <= X < -100 12.81% 11.94% 12.47%
-100 <= X < -95 8.37% 6.54% 6.49%
-95 <= X << +INF 38.91% 39.19% 39.37%

Table 4-7 TDD 3G/4G Co-site in Different Scenarios -Throughput

DL SE DL DL ESE DL Edge UL SE UL UL ESE UL Edge
Throughp Throughp
ut ut
Optimized for
TD-L 1.53974 16.62919 0.06182 0.66766 0.6769 5.415 0.02738 0.21904
Optimized for
TD-S 0.97065 10.48302 0.0325 0.351 0.3314 2.651 0.01235 0.0988
compromised 1.43146 15.45977 0.05275 0.5697 0.60494 4.84 0.02238 0.17904
The tables above show CINR and RSRP values in different scenarios in the case of TDD 3G/4G Co-site. From the
tables, we can find that when performance is optimized according to both TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA, a little bit of the
performance of RSRP and CINR is compromised, not so good as that of the optimized according to only TD-LTE, but
not much, just a little affected in coverage performance.
From the throughput test results, we can see that both of DL\UL throughput is decreased for TD-LTE, but the
performance decreased a little bit, which can be accepted.
In summary, the co-antenna solution for 3G\4G is quite attractive to most operators, and we strongly recommand it.

4.6 TDD/FDD LTE CO-SITE

TDD/FDD co-site solution can reduce the cost of base station deployment, achieve smooth evolution of multi-system. It
is a trend of future mobile communication. Though traditional base station antennas have developed maturely, antenna
for co-site solution will still face many challenges, which come from combiner, PIM, independent RET, power handing
control and so on.
TDD/FDD working frequency bands should not be overlapped for co-site solution because it can make signal distortion.
Frequency intervals for TDD and FDD are suggested to be large enough for the convenient of designing of combiner.
Because working frequencies of TDD and FDD are different, there are more combinations of 3rd order intermodulation.
More effect will be paid with the increasing of PIM level.
Because diversity of TDD and FDD customers in the same sector is different, it is different for when and how to
optimize the antenna. So co-site solution should provide independent RET. For the similar reason, power handling
should be designed separately.
There are three types of dual-polarized smart antenna for TDD/FDD co-site solution, which are shown as below.
Solution 1 is path shared design, in which 2 paths of 8-path dual-polarized smart antenna of TDD at the side will be
shared for FDD. There are two designs to share TDD path. One is to share the two polarization paths in the same
column at the edge of antenna array, as shown in solution 1A. The other is to share two interleaved polarization paths
of two adjacent columns, as shown in solution 1B. Solution 1B can be extended easily to share four paths of four
columns, in each one interleaved polarization is selected. There should be noted that the radiation pattern control of
the edge column faces more chandelles due to the effects of mutual coupling.
Solution 2 is side-by-side design, in which one column of dual-polarized antenna will be added to the side of the TDD
antenna. Relatively independent design can be implemented, comparing with solution 1. So good electrical
specification can be achieve with moderate antenna size. Solution 2 is a good compromise between antenna size and

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 23

 electrical specification. It should be noted that co-axial layout with large frequency interval, such as 900 MHz and 1800
MHz, is not suitable for this solution because wide dimension will increase conspicuously.
Solution 3 is stacked design, in which dual band dual-polarized antenna for 800/900 MHz and 1800/2100 MHz will be
added to the top of the TDD antenna. Because isolation of stacked layout in longitude dimension is better than that of
side-by-side solution, implementation of solution 3 is the easiest among these solutions. But there is the least
convenience for large size.

Solution 1A Solution 1B

Solution 2 Solution 3
Figure 4.9 Array layout of 8 path antenna for co-site solution
i. Collusion
Solution 1A Solution 1B Solution 2 Solution 3
Frequency Easy, not support Easy, not support Easy, not Easy
expedition low band low band recommend for
low frequency
Electrical difficult difficult moderate easy
specification
Beam control hard hard Easy Easy
Mutual coupling Great Great General Less
Size Compact Compact Moderate Extraordinary long

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 24

4.7 ANTENNA PRODUCTS

4.7.1 Side-by-side layout

Here is datasheet of an example of TD/GSM dual band antenna

Figure 4.10 Port definition of TD/GSM dual band antenna

Table 4.9 Basic information of TD/GSM dual band antenna

Frequency (MHz) TD: 1880~1920/2010~2025/2300~2400
GSM: 824~960/1710~2170
Pre-set downtilt TD: 6 GSM: 0~15/0~8
Polarization 45
Number of units in column TD (24)+GSM(22)
Distance of unit (mm) 65
Distance between adjacent ports (mm) 50
Range of mechanical downtilt -5~+10
Size of antenna (mm) 1400550145
Size of package (mm) 1440650250
Weight of antenna (Kg) 22
Weight of Package (Kg) 4
Weight of antenna with package (Kg) 29

Here is datasheet of TD/GSM antenna

Figure 4.11 Port definition of TD/GSM antenna

Table 4.10 Basic information of TD/GSM antenna

Frequency (MHz) TD: 1880~1920/2010~2025/2300~2400
GSM: 1710~2170
Pre-set downtilt TD: 6 GSM: 2~12
Polarization 45
Number of units in column TD (24)+GSM(21)
Distance of unit (mm) 65
Distance between adjacent ports (mm) 50
Range of mechanical downtilt -5~+10
Size of antenna (mm) 1400550145
Size of package (mm) 1440650250
Weight of antenna (Kg) 22
NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 25
Weight of Package (Kg) 4
Weight of antenna with package (Kg) 29

4.8 LAB TEST

The Measurements of above antenna are listed as below. Table 4.11 to 4.13 is for TD/GSM dual band antenna, and
Table 4.14 to 4.16 is for TD/GSM antenna.
Table 4.11 Isolation of TD antenna (dB)
Same polarization Different polarization
F (MHz) S12 S23 S34 S56 S67 S78 S15 S26 S37 S48
1880 -38.6 -42.9 -36.7 -47.8 -39.8 -52.5 -30.7 -32.2 -33.9 -36.8
1900 -42.5 -44 -42.4 -43.6 -38.4 -50.1 -29.3 -30.8 -30.0 -33.3
1920 -42.0 -46.7 -48.7 -44.3 -39.5 -44.1 -31.7 -32.5 -31.4 -33.1
Iso 2010 -42.7 -34.8 -42.5 -36.3 -42.4 -39.8 -30.8 -30.3 -28.8 -29.9
(dB) 2018 -44.5 -35 -42 -36.9 -42.7 -39.5 -31.7 -30.2 -28.8 -29.5
2025 -47.2 -35.4 -41.5 -37.3 -43.4 -39.4 -37.9 -30.2 -28.6 -29.9
2300 -40.7 -47.8 -41.3 -50.0 -41.6 -45 -36.0 -33.2 -35.6 -34.4
2350 -43.3 -45.5 -43.5 -45.4 -49 -45.2 -30.9 -33.9 -32.3 -32.5
2400 -40.3 -47.7 -44.2 -45.6 -46.3 -42.8 -36.7 -38.7 -40.5 -36.8

Table 4.12 Isolation of GSM antenna

Downtilt (deg) Frequency (MHz) Iso (dB)
T0 824~960 -32.8
T5 824~960 -32.0
T10 824~960 -33.6
T15 824~960 -39.2
T0 1710~2170 -37.4
T4 1710~2170 -32.8
T8 1710~2170 -37.9

Table 4.13 Isolation of TD and GSM antenna for port 4 (dB)

Same polarization Different polarization
F (MHz) 824~960 1710~2170 824~960 1710~2170
1880 36.7 38.4 35.9 36.8
1900 36.5 37.4 36.4 37.4
1920 36.1 37.3 36.7 39.1
2010 37.0 36.5 36.5 36.7
2018 37.1 37.2 36.9 38.3
2025 36.7 35.9 36.1 37.6
Iso 2300 36.6 39.1 35.7 35.9
(dB) 2350 38.1 38.4 37.3 37.2
2400 38.5 38.8 38.1 37.1
824 36.9 / 37.4 /
892 38.0 / 37.1 /
960 37.7 / 36.9 /
1710 / 37.6 / 38.9
1940 / 36.8 / 37.5
2170 / 38.4 / 36.1

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 26

 Table 4.14 Isolation of TD antenna (dB)
Same polarization Different polarization
F (MHz) S12 S23 S34 S56 S67 S78 S15 S26 S37 S48
1880 -38.6 -42.9 -36.7 -47.8 -39.8 -52.5 -30.7 -32.2 -33.9 -36.8
1900 -42.5 -44.0 -42.4 -43.6 -38.4 -50.1 -29.3 -30.8 -30.0 -33.3
1920 -42.0 -46.7 -48.7 -44.3 -39.5 -44.1 -31.7 -32.5 -31.4 -33.1
Iso 2010 -42.7 -34.8 -42.5 -36.3 -42.4 -39.8 -30.8 -30.3 -28.8 -29.9
(dB) 2018 -44.5 -35.0 -42.0 -36.9 -42.7 -39.5 -31.7 -30.2 -28.8 -29.5
2025 -47.2 -35.4 -41.5 -37.3 -43.4 -39.4 -37.9 -30.2 -28.6 -29.9
2300 -40.8 -47.8 -41.3 -50.0 -41.6 -45.0 -36.00 -33.2 -35.6 -34.4
2350 -43.3 -45.5 -43.5 -45.4 -49 -45.2 -30.85 -33.9 -32.3 -32.5
2400 -40.3 -47.7 -44.2 -45.6 -46.3 -42.8 -36.71 -38.7 -40.5 -36.8

Table 4.15 Isolation of GSM antenna

Downtilt (deg) Frequency (MHz) Iso (dB)
T0 1710~2170 -31.4
T4 1710~2170 -33.1
T8 1710~2170 -30.2

Table 4.16 Isolation of TD and GSM antenna for port 4 (dB)

Same polarization Different polarization
F (MHz) 1710~2170 1710~2170
1880 39.4 37.8
1900 36.4 38.4
1920 38.3 39.1
2010 38.5 36.7
2018 37.2 39.3
2025 35.9 37.6
Iso 2300 38.1 36.9
(dB) 2350 38.4 37.7
2400 38.8 37.6
1710 36.6 38.5
1940 36.8 38.5
2170 38.4 37.1

4.9 KEY ANTENNA PARAMETERS

The parameters of FA/D combined smart antenna are shown Table 4.17 as example.
Table 4.17 Parameters of FA/D combined smart antenna
Number Category Parameter Value
Frequency 1880-1920/2010-
1 Frequency RangeMHz 2500-2690
Parameter 2025

2 Structure Path Number 8 8

Parameter
2 Array Type linear array linear array
3 Polarization Type 45 45
4 Column Number 4 4
5 Column Spacingmm 75 75
6 Circuit Electrical downtilt 6 6
Parameter Electrical downtilt Accuracy
7 1 1

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 27
 8 Input impedanceohm 50 50
9 Antenna Port VSWR 1.5 1.5
Isolation between same
10 25 25
polarization ports(dB)
Isolation between cross-
11 28 28
polarization ports(dB)
12 Maximum input power W 50 50
Transmission loss from
13 antenna element port to -262 -262
calibration port (dB)
Difference in transmission
coefficient between any 2
Calibration
14 antenna element port to 0.5 0.5
Parameter
calibration port in
magnitude(dB)
Difference in transmission
coefficient between any 2
15 5 5
antenna element port to
calibration port in phase(deg)
16 Calibraion port VSWR 1.5 1.5
Calibration port directional
17 15 15
coupler (dB)
Active return loss of antenna
Active return
18 element(Relative to 50 ohms -10 -10
loss
dB
Vertical half-power beam width
19 7/6.5 5
Vertical beam
Upper side suppression(USLS) -16(2~7)
20 -16
dBdB -14(8~12)
21 Lower Null FilldBdB -22 -22
22 GaindBi 14/14.5 16.5
Horizontal half-power beam
23 10015/9015 6515
width
Element beam Horizontal gain attenuation at
24 -/- -123
60dB
25 Horizontal FBRdB 23 23
Horizontal pattern Cross-
26 polarization ratioon Axis 15 15
dB
Horizontal pattern Cross-
27 polarization ratioIn range of 10 10
60degreedB

28 65 degree GaindBi[note 1] 14/14.5 16

broadcast
beam Horizontal half-power beam
29 655 655
width
Horizontal gain attenuation at
30 -123 -123
60dB
31 Horizontal FBRdB 28 28
Horizontal pattern Cross-
32 polarization ratioon Axis 15 15
dB

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 28

 Horizontal pattern Cross-
33 polarization ratioIn range of 10 10
60degreedB
Ripple in range of Horizontal
34 2 2
half-power beam widthdB

35 GaindBi 20/20.5 21

0 degree scan Horizontal half-power beam

36 30/28 25
beam width
37 Horizontal FBRdB 28 28
Horizontal side lobe level
38 -12 -12
dB
Difference of right and left
39 Horizontal side lobe level 2 2
dBdB
Lightning
40 Lightning protection DC Ground DC Ground
protection
Mechanical 2( 1 4- core and 1 5- 2( 1 4- core and 1
41 Connector Number
parameter core) 5-core)
42 Connector Type MCIC MCIC
43 Connector position Bottom Bottom
44 Filter combiner Band suppression(dB) 32 32
45 insertion loss(dB) 0.4/0.4 0.5
Mechanical
46 Mechanical tilt () 0~+10
adjustment
47 Mounting hardware (mm) 50~115
note 1 including+ power divider loss - power loss due to weight amplitude(dB)

4.10 TRIALS

As co-antenna technology is implemented in 3G\4G co-site scenarios, we have carried out trials to demonstrate that
co-antenna is a good choice with little performance loss. Furthermore, this technology brings many advantages such
as less cost, easier installation, etc.
Take the test project located in Tianhe District, Guangzhou in CMCCs trial network by ZTEs equipment as example.
The test environment is characterized by dense population in CBDs with heavy traffic. The following figure shows the
test route map.

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 29

 Figure5. 4-4 Test Route Map

Before the test, we make assumptions and conditions. We take a contrast test between the co-antenna solutions and
broadband independent-antenna solutions. Both base stations and antennas are installed under the same conditions
to ensure our contrast test more meaningful. The test includes antennas of 61m high, down tilt angle of 6 degree,
UL\DL ratio of 2:2.

Under these conditions, we get the TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA performance results for two solutions.
As shown in Figure 4.1 and 4.2, it is clear that the TD-LTE performance with the co-antenna solution is quite similar to
that with the independent antenna solution. These performance parameters such as TD-LTE throughput, BLER, RSRP,
SINR are taken into account. The results fully prove that there is little difference in performance whether the co-
antenna solution or the non co-antenna solution is adopted. This co-antenna technology is highly recommended.

Figure 4.1 TD-LTE Test Result with Co-antenna Solution

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 Figure 4.2 TD-LTE Test Result With Independent Antenna Solution

Another field test result shows that with co-antenna solution, the existing TD-SCDMA wireless performance is not
affected. These parameters including TD-S throughput, BLER, RSRP, SINR are quite the same.

Figure 4.3 TD-S Test Result with Co-antenna Solution

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 Figure 4.4 TD-S Test Result with Independent Antenna Solution

In conclusion, the trials test result shows that TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA performance with the co-antenna solution is
quite similar to that with the independent antenna solution.

5 REFERENCES
[1] MIMO and Smart Antennas for 3G and 4G Wireless Systems; Practical Aspects and Deployment
Considerations; 3G Americas May 2010
[2] ITU-R, M.2134, Requirements related to technical performance for IMT-Advanced radio interface(s)
[3] ITU-R, M.2135, Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT advanced.
[4] 3GPP TS 36.213, v10.0.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures.

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