TCVN 6964-2:2008

ISO 2631-2:2003
RUNG NG C HC V CHN NG - NH GI S TIP XC CA CON NGI
VI RUNG NG TON THN - PHN 2: RUNG NG TRONG CNG TRNH XY
DNG (T 1 HZ N 80 HZ)
Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration -
Part 2: Vibration in buildings (1 Hz to 80 Hz)

Li ni u
TCVN 6964-2:2008 thay th TCVN 6964-2:2002
TCVN 6964-2:2008 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 2631-2:2003.
TCVN 6964-2:2008 do Ban k thut Tiu chun TCVN/TC 43/ SC1 Rung ng c hc v
chn ng bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v
Cng ngh cng b.
B TCVN 6964 (ISO 2631) Rung ng c hc v chn ng - nh gi s tip xc ca con
ngi vi rung ng ton thn gm 2 phn
- TCVN 6964 - 1:2001 Phn 1: Yu cu chung
- TCVN 6964-2:2008 Phn 2 Rung ng trong cng trnh xy dng
(T 1 Hz n 80 Hz)

Li gii thiu
Ngi c tr trong cc cng trnh xy dng c th cm nhn c nh hng ca rung ng
tc ng ln con ngi theo nhiu cch khc nhau. c bit l v mc tin nghi v cht
lng cuc sng ca h c th b suy gim.
nh gi rung ng trong cc cng trnh xy dng theo kha cnh v mc tin nghi v
s kh chu, u tin s dng gi tr rung ng theo c tnh trng s. Tng cc gi tr theo
trng s bao gm cc c tnh trng s tn s ph hp ca v tr hoc a im trong cng
trnh xy dng c th c s hin din ca con ngi.
Tiu chun ny nhm khuyn khch thu thp cc d liu v phn ng ca con ngi vi rung
ng trong cng trnh xy dng mt cch thng nht

RUNG NG C HC V CHN NG - NH GI S TIP XC CA CON NGI

VI RUNG NG TON THN - PHN 2: RUNG NG TRONG CNG TRNH XY
DNG (T 1 HZ N 80 HZ)
Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body
vibration - Part 2: Vibration in building (1 Hz to 80 Hz)
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quan tm n tip xc ton thn ca con ngi vi rung ng v chn ng
theo kha cnh v tin nghi v s kh chu ca ngi c tr. Tiu chun ny quy nh
phng php o v nh gi, bao gm xc nh hng o v v tr o. Tiu chun ny ch r
trng s tn s Wm c th p dng c trong di tn s t 1 Hz n 80 Hz m khng cn
xc nh t th ca ngi c tr.
CH THCH 1: Cc trng s tn s a ra trong TCVN 6964-1 (ISO 2631-1) c th s dng
nu t th ca ngi c tr c xc nh.
Tiu chun ny s dng trng hp cc cng trnh xy dng sn c cho vic kho nghim.
Cc khi nim trong tiu chun ny c th p dng tng t cho mt cng trnh xy dng
ang trong qu trnh thit k hoc s khng th c coi nh l mt cng trnh xy dng
hin ti. Trong trng hp ny, tin cy s phi da trn s d on phn ng ca cng
trnh theo mt vi phng php khc nhau.
Tiu chun ny khng cung cp hng dn v kh nng gy h hi n kt cu m c
cp trong ISO 4866. Hn na tiu chun ny khng p dng nh gi cc nh hng
i vi s an ton v sc khe con ngi.
ln cho php ca rung ng khng c cp n trong tiu chun ny.
CH THCH 2 Hin ti cha th a ra hng dn v ln cho php ca rung ng cho
n khi c nhiu thng tin hn c thu thp ph hp vi tiu chun ny.
nh ngha ton hc v trng s tn s Wm c a ra trong Ph lc A. Hng dn v vic
thu thp d liu lin quan n s phn nn v rung ng trong cng trnh xy dng c
a ra trong Ph lc B.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau y cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun. i vi cc ti liu ghi
nm cng b th p dng cc bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu khng ghi nm cng b th
p dng phin bn mi nht bao gm c cc sa i.
TCVN 6964-1:2002 (ISO 2631-1:1997), Rung ng c hc v chn ng-nh gi tip xc
ca con ngi n rung ng ton thn - Phn 1: Yu cu chung
ISO 8041, Human response to vibration - Measuring instrumentation (Phn ng ca con
ngi vi rung ng - Thit b o)
IEC 61260:1995, Electroacoustics - Octve-band and fractional-octave-band filters (in m
hc - Cc b lc di cta v mt phn ca cta).
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny p dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau.
3.1. nh gi (evaluation)
Mt lot cc hot ng bao gm kho st, o c, x l, phn loi, m t, tr s, v trnh by
cc d liu lin quan.
3.2. Cng trnh xy dng (building)
Cng trnh tnh ti dng hoc tr s ca bt k hot ng no ca con ngi, bao gm
vn phng, nh my, bnh vin, trng hc, trung tm chm sc ban ngy.
3.3. Thi gian lm vic (work time)
Khong thi gian hot ng, hoc s gi lm vic, ca ngun rung ng c xc nh bng
thi gian bt u v kt thc hng ngy.
3.4. Thi gian tip xc (exposure time)
Khong thi gian tip xc vi rung ng xy ra.
4. o rung ng trong cng trnh xy dng
4.1. Khi qut
Yu cu chung i vi tn hiu v khong thi gian o c quy nh trong iu 5.4 v iu
5.5 ca TCVN 6964-1:2002 (ISO 2631-1:1997):
4.2. Phng o
Rung ng phi c o ng thi theo c 3 phng vung gc. Vi yu cu ny, cc
phng ca rung ng c xc nh theo kt cu hn l xc nh theo t th ca con
ngi. S nh hng v phng o ca rung ng theo kt cu trn cc trc x-,y- v z- i
vi t th ca ngi ng c quy nh trong TCVN 6964-1 (ISO 2631-1).
4.3. V tr o
Vic nh gi theo kha cnh phn ng ca con ngi vi rung ng phi da trn c s ch
nh gi trn thi gian hin din ca ngi c tr, cc hot ng ca ngi c tr v khng
xut hin nhiu. Mi v tr hoc mi phng lin quan phi c nh gi theo cc chun c
ny. Rung ng phi c o ti v tr c mt ngi c tr trong phng ni c xy ra rung
ng theo trng s tn s c ln ln nht, hoc theo hng c th, trn b mt thch hp
ca kt cu cng trnh xy dng.
CH THCH C th cn thit thc hin mt s php o ti mt v tr trong cng trnh xy
dng xc nh s bin i ca rung ng.
4.4. Trng s tn s
Rung ng o ti v tr tng ng v o theo ba phng ph hp vi iu 4.2 v iu 4.3
phi c o theo trng s tn s. Tiu chun ny (cng nh TCVN 6964-1 (ISO 2631-1)) s
dng gia tc theo trng s tn s biu din ln ca rung ng.
Khuyn dng trng s tn s Wm theo Ph lc A khi o theo hng bt k.
CH THCH 1 C th dng trng s tn s theo TCVN 6964-1 (ISO 2631-1) nu t th ca
ngi c tr c xc nh.
Ph lc A a ra nh ngha chnh xc trng s tn s Wm. Cc gi tr trong Bng A.1, p
dng cho gia tc rung nh mt i lng u vo, c tnh ton khi s dng chnh di tn
mt phn ba cta cng nh di tn gii hn t 1 Hz v 80 Hz. Hnh A.1 biu din bng th
trng s tn s Wm.
CH THCH 2 Wm trc y c thit k l s kt hp ca W.B.
4.5. nh gi rung ng
4.5.1. o rung ng
Gi tr ca rung ng c xc nh bng cch p dng cc phng php nu trong
TCVN 6964-1 (ISO 2631-1). Cn phi xc nh trc o c cng rung ln nht theo trng
s v cc gi tr thu c theo phng ny c s dng nh gi.
nh gi cc kiu khc nhau sau ny, cng nh nh gi bt k ni no c khuyn
dng k thut o ghi li rung ng theo thi gian phi trng s t nht trong di tn t 1 Hz n
80 Hz.
4.5.2. Cc loi ngun rung
nh gi rung ng, nn phn loi rung ng theo cc kiu ngun rung ng ph bin c
trong thc t cnh bo v tc hi ca rung ng. C th chp nhn cc ln rung ng
khc nhau ty theo cc loi ngun rung khc nhau. thit lp hng tip cn thng nht
mang tnh quc t, cc loi ngun rung ng di y c xc nh:
a) cc qu trnh lin tc hoc bn lin tc, v d trong cng nghip;
b) cc hot ng gin on thng xuyn, v d giao thng;
c) cc hot ng c thi gian gii hn (khng thng xuyn), v d xy dng.
Cc ngun rung ng ny c la chn nhm phn nh s tip xc ca con ngi i vi
cc ngun rung ng khc nhau. Cc ngun rung ng ny khng nhm loi tr nhau m
nhm a ra mt hng dn p dng cho tiu chun ny.
4.6. Thit b o
Phi tun theo cc yu cu i vi thit b o, bao gm c sai s, theo ISO 8041.
5. Phn ng ca con ngi vi rung ng trong cng trnh xy dng
Kinh nghim ca nhiu nc cho thy rng nhng ngi c tr trong cc cng trnh xy
dng c th than phin v rung ng c hi trong khi ln rung ng ch vt mc cho
php khng ng k (xem TCVN 6964-1:2001 (ISO 2631-1:1997), Ph lc C). Trong mt vi
trng hp xut hin s phn nn do hiu ng ph kt hp vi rung ng, th d ting n
bc x (xem Ph lc B). Ni chung, ln rung chp nhn c c th lin quan ti cc yu
t v kinh t, x hi v mi trng. Chng khng c xc nh bng cc yu t v mc
nguy hi cho sc khe trong thi gian ngn v hiu sut lm vic. Trong tt c cc trng
hp trong thc t ln rung ng t my mc to ra khng th gy mt mi trc tip.
Trong trng hp ln rung ng cao hn ng k so vi sc c th chu ng c, c
bit l cc nhiu tm thi v cc s kin nht thi. V d trong trng hp ny l cc d n
xy dng. Bt k thng s gy git mnh no c th c gim i do chng trnh quan h
cng ng thch hp bao gm cc thng bo nh tn hiu cnh bo v/ hoc cc s kin lin
quan hng ny. Ch trong nhng trng hp tht c bit mi phi tham kho gii hn sc
kho c quy nh trong TCVN 6964-1 (ISO 2631-1). Trong trng hp xut hin rung
ng trong mt thi gian di, th s thch nghi trong thi gian di c th gy ra s thay i
v ngng c hi.

Ph lc A
(quy nh)
nh ngha ton hc v trng s tn s Wm
Cc tn s fi (i = 1 n 3) l cc thng s ca hm truyn xc nh tt c trng s tn s Wm.
Hm truyn, H(p), biu din nh mt tch s ca 3 yu t [b lc cho qua tn s cao Hh(p), b
lc cho qua tn s thp Hl(p) v hm trng s thun Ht(p)], nh sau, trong i = 2fi v p =
j2f.
Gii hn di (b lc vi c tnh Butterworth bc hai); f1 v f2 l cc tn s gc):
A) Cho qua tn s cao

(A.1)

(A.2)

Trong
F1 = 10-0,1 Hz = 0,7943... Hz
B) Cho qua tn s thp

(A.3)

(A.4)

Trong
f2 = 100 Hz
Trng s tn s thun (vi gia tc l i lng u vo):

(A.5)

(A.6)

Trong
Hm truyn, H(p), vi trng s tn s gii hn di Wm c tnh bng tch ca tr s b lc
cho qua tn s cao Hh(p), b lc cho qua tn s thp Hl(p) v hm trng s thun Ht(p):
H(p) = Hh(p). Hl(p). Ht(p) (A.7)
CH THCH Biu din chung nht phng trnh ny (v tn s) thng c hiu l m un
( ln) v pha di dng mt s phc l hm ca tn s gc o p = j2f. i khi k hiu s
dng thay cho p. Nh th p c th hiu l mt bin ca bin i Laplace.
M un ( ln) |H(p)| c biu din bng th trn Hnh A1.
Cc tr s ca trng s tn s Wm theo cc di 1/3 cta, c tnh ton khi dng cc tn s
trung tm thc, bao gm gii hn di tn s 1 Hz n 80 Hz, c cho Bng A.1 khi gia tc
l i lng u vo.

Hnh A.1- Trng s tn s Wm, vi gia tc l i lng u vo

Bng A.1 - Cc tr s ca trng s tn s Wm cho gia tc l i lng u vo
( cc di 1/3 cta, c tnh khi dng cc tn s trung tm thc, vi gii hn di t 1 Hz
n 80 Hz)
Tn s, Hz Wm Wm
X
Danh ngha Thc Thng s dB
-7 0,2 0,1995 0,0629 -24,02
-6 0,25 0,2512 0,0994 -20,05
-5 0,315 0,3162 0,156 -16,12
-4 0,4 0,3981 0,243 -12,29
-3 0,5 0,5012 0,368 -8,67
-2 0,63 0,6310 0,530 -5,51
-1 0,8 0,7943 0,700 -3,09
 0 1 1,000 0,833 -1,59
1 1,25 1,259 0,907 -0,85
2 1,6 1,585 0,934 -0,59
3 2 1,995 0,932 -0,61
4 2,5 2,512 0,910 -0,82
5 3,15 3,162 0,872 -1,19
6 4 3,981 0,818 -1,74
7 5 5,012 0,750 -2,50
8 6,3 6,310 0,669 -3,49
9 8 7,943 0,582 -4,70
10 10 10,00 0,494 -6,12
11 12,5 12,59 0,411 -7,71
12 16 15,85 0,337 -9,44
13 20 19,95 0,274 -11,25
14 25 25,12 0,220 -13,14
15 31,5 31,62 0,176 -15,09
16 40 39,81 0,140 -17,10
17 50 50,12 0,109 -19,23
18 63 63,10 0,0834 -21,58
19 80 79,43 0,0604 -24,38
20 100 100,0 0,0401 -27,93
21 125 125,9 0,0241 -32,37
22 160 158,5 0,0133 -37,55
23 200 199,5 0,00694 -43,18
24 250 251,2 0,00354 -49,02
25 315 316,2 0,00179 -54,95
26 400 398,1 0,000899 -60,92
CH THCH x l s di tn s, theo IEC 61260:1995

Ph lc B
(tham kho)
Hng dn vic thu thp d liu lin quan n phn ng con ngi vi rung ng
trong cng trnh xy dng
B.1. Li gii thiu
Con ngi thng phn ng tiu cc vi rung ng trong cng trnh. Ni dung chnh ca tiu
chun ny quan tm n php o v nh gi rung ng ton thn. Phn ph lc ny khuyn
khch ngi s dng thu thp cc d liu nhm xem xt tt c cc thng s c nh hng
n con ngi trong cc cng trnh xy dng v gy ra cc li phn nn.
Phn ng ca con ngi vi rung ng trong cc cng trnh xy dng rt phc tp. Trong
nhiu trng hp th mc kh chu v nhng li phn nn khng th din gii trc tip ch
bng thng s ln rung ng. Trong mt vi iu kin v bin v tn s, cc yu cu
c th ny sinh trong khi rung ng ton thn o c thp hn mc cho php.
Vic phn tch nhng li phn nn trn cho thy cc thng s khc lin quan n ngun rung
ng (v d thi gian lm vic) hoc rung ng sinh ra khu vc tip xc (v d: ting n th
cp) cng c th gii thch cho nhng phn nn
Cng vi vic nh gi cc hin tng trn cc thng s rung ng o c cho php xc
nh r hn mc kh chu ca rung ng trong cc cng trnh xy dng.
Cc ngun rung ng trong v ngoi cng trnh xy dng c th sinh ra rung ng ton thn,
cng vi cc hin tng gn vi ting n kt cu, ting n truyn qua khng kh, ting rm
rm, di chuyn c v cc vt khc cng nh cc tc ng c th trng thy (th d:
chuyn ng ca cc vt treo). Cn phi nghin cu ht tt c nhng tc ng ny khi nh
gi nhng li phn nn ca con ngi.
Vic thu thp d liu v cc hin tng kt hp nhm mc ch lm n gin vic xc nh
kt qu sau cng ca ch s chung v nhng kh chu do rung ng. Ch s ny c th c
s dng lm c s cp nht cho ln xut bn ti tiu chun ny.
B.2. Cc thng s cn quan tm
B.2.1. Khi qut
Cc yu t sau cn phi nghin cu, v c th ghi li ni thch hp.
B.2.2. Cc thng s lin quan n ngun
Thi gian bt u v kt thc hng ngy khi ngun rung ng hot ng trong sut qu trnh
o phi c m t trong bo co.
Tng thi gian v s lng cc hin tng hng ngy hoc hng tun, v bn cht ca rung
ng cng phi c ch , v d nh:
- ngun thng xuyn: ban ngy, ban m hoc c ban ngy v ban m;
- ngun ngt qung: thi gian hot ng ca ngun v s lng hot ng mi ngy hoc
mi m;
- ngun ring bit v khng thng xuyn: thi gian hot ng ca ngun v s lng hot
ng mi ngy, mi tun hoc mi thng.
B.2.3. Cc thng s lin quan n rung ng c o
B.2.3.1. o rung ng
V tr o, phng php o v quy trnh ly trng s phi c p dng ph hp vi tiu
chun ny.
B.2.3.2. c tnh ca rung ng
Phn ng ch quan cng l mt hm ca c tnh rung ng. c tnh ny c th c xc
nh theo bn cht ca rung ng c o, th d:
- rung ng kiu lin tc, vi ln thay i hoc khng thay i theo thi gian;
- rung ng kiu khng lin tc, vi ln ca mi khong l khng i hoc thay i theo
thi gian;
- rung ng kiu xung, nh chn ng.
B.2.3.3. Thi gian tip xc
Thi gian tip xc ca ngi b nh hng c th cng rt quan trng cho vic nh gi.
Thi gian c mt ca ngi c tr trong cng trnh phi c ghi li.
Thi gian thc t v khong thi gian xut hin rung ng cng phi c ghi li.
B.2.4. Cc hin tng i km
B.2.4.1. Ting n kt cu
Mt hin tng ph bin lin quan ti rung ng trong cng trnh xy dng l ting n kt
cu (cn gi l l ting n truyn qua t) m c th nghe c nh ting n th cp. Ting
n ny c lin quan n s xut hin ca rung ng.
Ting n kt cu phi o ti a im gy n nht trong phng. Ting n ny thng b che
lp bi ting n mi trng t cc ngun khc v kh xc nh r rng. Vic nh gi ting
n ny phi thc hin bng nhn bit v bn cht v ln ca n vi cc iu kin mi
trng xung quanh chi tit c th.
B.2.4.2. Ting n truyn theo khng kh
Ting n truyn theo khng kh c th c sinh ra do rung ng, c lin quan ti rung ng,
v cc ngun rung ng ca n. Phng php o ting n tun theo TCVN 7878-1 (ISO
1996-1).
i vi mc n truyn theo khng kh, phng php o phi ch ra php o c tin hnh
khi ca s m hoc ng. Cn ch l ca s c th gy ting ct kt v cch o c th
thay i.
Ting n truyn theo khng kh c tn s thp cng c th l mt vn lin quan n rung
ng. Cc ngun n c th ny bao gm ng trn cao v cu ng st v cc h thng
vn chuyn hng trn khng. Cn phi iu tra xc nh ng cc ngun n khc nhau v
m bo c th phn bit c gia ting n tn s thp v rung ng.
B.2.4.3. Ting ct kt
Ting ct kt ca ca s hoc trang tr sinh ra rung ng hoc dao ng m thanh. Hin
tng c th sinh ra rung ng v phi bo co.
B.2.4.4. Cc hiu ng nhn c
Trong trng hp rung ng tn s thp (< 5 Hz) th rung ng c th quan st c, nh
hin tng lc l ca tranh treo. Cc nhn t ny c th gy nhiu v phi bo co.
B.3. Thng tin bo co
Cng vi ln rung ng o c, thng tin phi c bo co v cc hin tng kt hp
c lin quan:
- mc ting n o c;
- cc hin tng quan st c bng mt;
- m t cc phn nn ca con ngi xc nh, v d: bng bng cu hi hoc phng vn.

Th mc ti liu tham kho

[1] TCVN 7878 -1 (ISO 1996 - 1) m hc - M t, o v nh gi ting n mi trng - Phn
1: Cc i lng c bn v phng php nh gi.
[2] ISO 4866, Mechanical vibration and shock - Vibration of buildings - Guidelines for the
measurement of vibrations and evaluation of their effects on buildings
[3] BS 6472, Guide to evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings (1 Hz to 80 Hz)
[4] DIN 4150-2, Erschutterungen im Bauwesen - Tei12: Einwirkungen auf Menschen in
Gebauden (Vibrations in buildings - Part 2: Effects on persons in buildings)
[5] ERIKSSON, P.-E. Vibration of low-frequency floors: Dynamic forces and response
prediction. PhD thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, 1994
[6] GAMBER, A. Probleme bei der Beurteilung der Wirkung stof!artiger horizontaler
Schwingungen auf Menschen in Gebauden. Berichte der Landesanstalt fur Umweltschutz
Baden-Wurttemberg, 1, 1991, pp. 90-94
[7] GRIFFIN, M.J. Handbook of human vibration. Academic Press, London, New York, 1996
[8] GRUB, E., NOTBOHM, G., ZIMMERMANN, P. and SPLITTGERBER, B.
Arbeitspsychologische Bewertung von Ganzkorperschwingungen; Experimentelle
Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von mechanischen Schwingungen auf den Menschen.
Veroffentlichungen aus Lehre, angewandter Forschung and Weiterbildung, Fachhochschule
Wiesbaden, 1991
[9] HOWARTH, H.V.C. A review of experimental investigations of the time dependency of
subjective reaction to whole-body vibration. United Kingdom Group on Human Response to
Vibration, 1986
[10] HOWARTH, H.V.C. and GRIFFIN, M.J. Subjective response to combined noise and
vibration; summation and interaction effects. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1990
[11] HOWARTH, H.V.C. and GRIFFIN, M.J. The annoyance caused by simultaneous noise
and vibration. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1991
[12] HUBBARD. Noise-induced house vibrations and human perception. Noise Control
Engineering Journal, 1982
[13] INNOCENT, P.R. and SANDOVER, J. A pilot study of the effects of noise and vibration
acting together; subjective assessment and task performance. United Kingdom Group on
Human Response to Vibration, Sheffield, 1972
[14] JAKOBSEN. Buildings: Vibration and shock, Evaluation of annoyance, Nordtest Method,
1991
[15] MELKE, J. Drchfuhrung von Immissionsprognosen fur Schwingungs - and
Krperschalleinwirkungen. Landesanstalt fr Immissionsschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen, Essen,
1992
[16] MELONI, T., and KRUEGER, H. Wahrnehmung and Empfindung von kombinierten
Belastungen durch Larm and Vibration. Zeitschrift fur Larmbekampfung, 37, 1990, pp. 170-
175
[17] MIWA, T. and YONEKAWA, Y. Measurement and evaluation of environmental vibrations,
Part 2: Interaction of sound and vibration. Industrial Health, 11, 1973
[18] MIWA, T., YONEKAWA, Y. and KANADA, K. Thresholds of perception of vibration in
recumbent men. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 75, 1984, pp. 849-854
[19] OBORNE, D.J. Whole-body vibrations and international standard ISO 2631; a critique.
Human Factors, 25 (1), 1983, pp. 55-69
[20] OKADA, A. and KAJIKAWA, Y. Factors affecting the perception of low-level vibrations.
Eur. J. Appl. Occup. Physiol., 47 (2), 1981, pp. 151-157
[21] PARSONS, K.C. and GRIFFIN, M.J. Whole-body vibration thresholds. Journal of Sound
and Vibration, 121 (2), 1987
[22] PAULSEN and KASTKA. Effects of combined noise and vibration on annoyance. Medical
Institute of Environmental Hygiene at the Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, 1994
[23] RUFFELL, C.M. and GRIFFIN, M.J. Effect of 1 Hz and 2 Hz transient vertical vibration on
discomfort. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98 (4), 1995
[24] SEIDEL, H. and HEIDE, R. Long-term effects of whole-body vibration; a critical survey of
the literature. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 58 (1), 1986,
pp. 1-26
[25] SPLITTGERBER, H. Whole-body vibration perception thresholds for some complex
vibrations. Institut National de Recherche et de Securite, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, 1988
[26] STARK, J., PEKKARINEN, J., PYYKKOE, I., AALTO, H. and TOPPILA, E. Transmission
of vibration from support surface to human body in the evaluation of postural stability. Journal
of Low-Frequency Noise and Vibration, 10 (1), 1991, p. 17
[27] TANTAWY, T. Investigation technique concernant les vibrations de l'etre humain dans le
batiment. CERS, Research Reports for the Ministry of Environment, France, 1991
[28] TANTAWY, T. Investigation sur la determination des parametres de la gene par vibrations
dans les batiments. CERS, Research reports for the Ministry of Environment, France, 1993
[29] TANTAWY, T. Investigation en vue de la quantification d'un indicateur de la gene par
vibrations de l'etre humain dans le batiment. CERS, Research Reports for the Ministry of
Environment, France, 1994
[30] WOODROOF, H.J. Annoyance caused by railway-induced building vibration to residents
living within 100 meters of railway lines in Scotland, UK. United Kingdom Group on Human
Response to Vibration, Derby, 1985
[31] WOODROOF, H.J. and GRIFFIN, M.J. A survey of the effect of railway-induced building
vibration on the community. ISVR Technical Report, No. 160, 1987
[32] YAMADA, S., SUEKI, M., HAGIWARA, S., WATANABE, T. and KOSAKA, T.
Psychological combined effects of low-frequency noise and vibration. Journal of Low-
Frequency Noise and Vibration, 10 (4), 1991, pp. 130-136
[33] YOKOYAMA, T., OSAKO, S. and YAMAMOTO, K. Temporary threshold shifts produced
by exposure to vibration, noise and vibration plus noise. Acta Otolaryng, 78, 1974, pp. 207-
212