26 MaY 2Ol 1 HYdraullcs

and
Civil Engineering Ref'erenceVol. 3
27
l , I S i t u a t i o n1 0
Given: G= 2.68 STRUCTURALENGINI]ERING
& CONS'I'RUCTION
S= 1.0 MAY 2OIT
MC = 59o/o
situation 1 I'he beanl sltown rn i"igttrc001 rs part ol u rvalkw;ry
GMC=Se of a gyr'nasiLrnr
2 . 6 8 [ 0 . s 9=) 1 e T h c b c a n r A l l C c a n b c c o n s i c l er c r i s i n t p l y s u l r p o r - t t : a
t lt f l a n r i a t C .
e = 1.581 1 . D e t e r n r i n et h e v e r t i c a l r e a c t i o n a t C i n k N . _
A. 27.5 c. 22.5
G+Se 2 . 6 8 + 1 ( 1 . S 8 1^) -, .^
[ = -;-]- Y* ^ ._
I - - lY.Ull
B. 42.5 I).37.5
r+e 1+1.581 2. Determine the load carried by the column at U in kN.
y = 1 6 . 1 9 5k N / m : ( A]) 37.5 C. Z7.s
B. 22.5 D. +2.5
16,195 3. D e t e r m i nteh em a x i m u nnre g a t i vm
e o m e nitn t h eb e a mi n k N _ n r .
p = - ^
a
lr= .- A . B c. 10
9.81
p = 1,651kg/mt = 1.657 g/cc @s D. 11

Stressesat a depth of H = 30 m:
-lotal s i t u a t i o n 2 - T h e b e a l r rs h o w n i n F i g u r e 0 0 2 . i s f i x e d a t b o t h
stress: e n c r sa n d c . l r r e s a
u n i f o r n r l vd i s t r i b u t e dl o a do f w = 2 5 k N / m t h r o , g h o u ti t s l c n g t h . ' r . h e
p r . =y H pr = 16.195(30) b c a mi s
W 1 6 ' 7 7 w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n gp r o p e r t i r , s .
pr = 485.85kpa b r= 2 6 0 r n m L * = 1 1 . 6n r m
tr = 11.3njm I ^ = 4 6 2 . 0 2x l Q r 6 6 a
Effectivestress:
d = 420 mm l v = 5 7. 4 4 x 1 0 6m m a
pe= pr - ]wH pei 4gS.BS_ 9.91(30) 4. Calculatethe maximumbentlingstressin the beam,in Mpa.
p" = 191.SSkpa A. 102.7 c. 98.4
B. 85.4
5. calcutate
theaverage
shcaring
srressin,PJr,lell,"
A. 28.5 c . 3 2 . 9 "r,
B. 45.2 iD 23.1
6. Calculate
themaximuFshearingstressih-thebeam,in Mpa.
(A.,)
zs.s c. 4z.r
D IY.s D. 38.6

Situation 3 - The tripod shown in Figure003 supportsthe load W.

7. Determine the nearestvalue tb the maximum load w if the
allowable road in
eachof the legsof the cripcdis L0 kN.
A. 1BKN
ig./ 23 kN
B. 45 kN D . 3 2k N
B. If W = 50 kN what is the force in leg BD in kN?
A. 25.6kN c. 14.2kN
B. 20.9kN D . 3 4 . 1k N
9. If W = 50 kN what is the force in leg AD in kN?
A. 21,8KN c. 28.4kN
B. 26.5kN D. 24.2kN

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28 May 2011 and Construction Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3
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S i t u a t l o n4 - A v e r t i c a cl y l i n d r i c asl t e e lt a n k i s 3 m e t e r si n d i a m e t e ra n d 6 m e t e r st a l l s i t u a t i o n 7 - T h e c ' l u n r n s h o w ' ni n F i g u r e0 0 4 r ( , s t so n a p r r c
T h e w a l l so f t h e t a n k h a v et h i c k n e s o s f 12 mm. c a l )w i t h f i v e p i r e s .1 . h e
p i l e sa r e e a c h . l 0 0 - r n im
n d i a n r e t e r . n , ltot ha r cl a p : r c i toyf i l 2 ( )k N .
1 0 . w h a t i s t h e t a n g e n t i asl t r e s si n t h e w a l l sw h e n t h e t a n k i s f i l l e d! v i t i lw a t e r ? 1 9 . D e t e r m i n teh e r e q u i r e dn o m i n aw l i c l e _ b e asnhte a rs t r e n c t h
A, 3.68 L. 7.36 A . 1 3 4 0k N { . . I 1 9 0k N
B. 4,93 D. 6.34 B , I 6 7 0k N I ) 1 0 20 k N
1 1 . w h a t i s t h e l o n g i t u d i n asl t r e s si n t h e w a l l sw h e n t h e t a n k i s f i i l e dw i t h w a t e r ? 2 0 . D e t e r n t i n e t h e .r e q u i r e c ln o m i n a l p u n c h i n g
A. 6,34 shearstrer,dtl.l.
c. 4,93 A. 2490 kN
B. 7,36 c 2840 kN
D. 3,58 B . 2 2 2 0k N D . 2 6 1 0k N
72. How deep is the water in the tank when the maximumstressrn the walls is 5 21. D e t e r m i n et h e r e q u i r e dn o m i n a lm o m e n tc a D a c i t v .
MPa?
A , 9 6 7k N - n r C 10lj kN-m
A. 4.1m C . 5 . 3m B . 1 5 3 2k N - m D . 1 2 5 6k N - n r
B . 3 , 6m D . 4 , 7m

s i t u a t l o n B - T h e b o l t si n t h e r a p
Sltuatlon 5 - A cantilever retaining wall, 5 meters high, has an active pressure i o i n t s h o w n i n F i g u r e0 0 5 a r e 2 2 m m i n r r i a m e t e r
varylng uniformly from zero at the top to 52 kN/m at the bottom, The flexural
, ?i:tl-diameter holes. Tie platesare 436 steel with Fv = 250 Mpa and Fr =
4 0 0 M P a ,F o r t h i sp r o b l e mx, r = S 0 m m ,x z = 1 , 6 0 r n m , x=36 0
rigidify of the wall is constanifrom top to bottom. m m ,t = 1 Z m m .
13. What ls the maximumshearat the baseof the wall? The allowablestressesare:
.q, 178kN c , 1 2 1k N B e a r i n gc t r e s so n p r o j e c t e da r e ao f t h e p l a t e sF, n= 1 . 5F ,
B , 1 5 6k N D . 1 3 7k N T e n s i o no n n e t a r e ao f p l a t e s F , r= 0 . 5 F , ,
14. What is the maximum mome-r in the wall? Shearon nlates,F'u= 0.3 F"
A. 275kN-m C . 3 5 6k N - m Shearstrengthof bolt,.F"= 210 Mpa
B , 3 2 8k N - m D . 3 1 2k N - m
I), If thewall ls slmplysupported at the tcp,whatis themomentat thebaseof the 22. Determincthe value of load p basedon bolt shear.
wall? Usethefollowingflxed-end momentformulas: A. 621 kN
Mrop= wL2/30 c . 3 2 9k N
111o"r":s112f20 B. 479 kN
A. 1 t 5 . 1 k N - m D. s38kN
C. 124.8kN-m 23' Determinethevalueofroadp basedon bearingon projected
B , 136,4kN-m D . 1 4 5 . 9k N - m areaon plate.
A. 870 kN c. 1020kN
B. 750kN D . 9 5 0k N
24. Determine the value of load l" basedor, block shear.
sltuatlon6 - A prestresscd concretebeamhasa wldth of 300 mm and an overall A . 5 3 2k N
depthof 600mrn. Thcprestressing tendonsareplacedat a distance ,,e,, c. 489kN
below B. 623kN D . 3 2 8K N
the neutralaxls of the beamand the appliedpiestressing forceis p ln kN.
Thereis 1570lossofprestress.
16. Determinethe valuesof P and e when the compressivestress in the entire Sltuatlon"g-,Ilt_" of a reinforcedccncreteslabis shownin Figrrls
ffogs-sciion ls 21 MPa, 1"_:: !l1inq Rlan
A , P r 2 4 5 0 k Ne ; =0 y-"_1l, is requiredto determinethe stlrrupspacingif beam.nn the itab
'B; o C . P = 2 4 6 0k N ; e = 1 6 7m m carnesa deadioadof 4 S kpa (i1cl_u!ing
P 3 7 8 0k N ; e : 1 2 3m m D . P ; 3 7 8 0k N ;e = 0 its own weight)and r live loadof 4.8
unitweight
ofconcrete
ts'23.5
kNfini ,1..-r"='?i'iap.-*ji;:=izsl"rpr.
17, Determlne the valuesof P and e when the compressive stresses at top and It".
uoncretecoveris
bottomofthg beamare2 MPaand 12 Mpa,respeciively, from the.centroidof tenslonsteelarea. Use10 mm
lO.Tr
diameterverticalU-stirrup.
a. P=1250kN;e=71.43mm C. P=1110kN e ;= 4 3 . 9 8 m m
B, P=1110kN;e=53.21mm D, P=1260kN;e=54,32mm
18. Determlne the valuesof P and e when the compressive stressesai top ar,d
bottomof:he beamare0 MPaand 15 Mpa.respectlvely, 25.
A , P : 1 2 1 0k N ;s = 9 9 m r C , p = 1 3 5 0k N ;e = 1 1 0m m
' B,riut{{.0kN;e'100mm
D, P=1050kN;e=159rrn ;r , i
i,',';l

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30 May 2011 and Construction Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3
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2 6 . W h a t i s t h e f a c t o r e d s h e a r a t c r i t i c a l s e c t t o ni n b e a m B E ? 5 ' 1 1 . 1 . 1 . 2l r r d e t e r n r i n r nsgl r r a l s t r c n g t hV , , n , l r e n t ' v t l' rp' l r l i c a b l e ,
A. 125kN c . 1 3 7k N e f f e c t so f . t x i a i t t ' r t s i t l t t l u t ' t o c r e e , , a n d s i r r r r r l < : r g i nt l . e s r r : l n e d
I l . 11 2 k N D . 1 5 4k N m e n l b c r s s l r . r l l b c c r t n s i t l c l e t l. r t t d e f f c c t s o f r n c l i r r c d f l e x L r r i i l
'27.
\ M h i t t i s t h e r e c l u i r c r ls t i r n l p s t r t a c i n g
in beanrBll? rotltprL,ssro i rlrtr , , r r r ; r h i r , - t l r lrtnt h
t , m b e rnsr a . yb e i r r c l t r r l t . t l
A. 140mnr ( - 1 9 0m m
'l
B 95mm D.275mm 5 , 1 1 . 1 . 2 i r e v ; r l u e s, , f u f l l u . e , l I n t h t ss e c t i o l :t ; h a l ln o t e x c . e e7c lM [ . , ;er x c c p t
a sa l i r ; r v ei cnlS e c . 5 .11. 12 . 1 .

situation 10 * A 400 mm " 600 mm colunrnwith f. = zrMpa and longitudinalsteel 5 . 1 1 . 1 , 2 . 1V r l u e so f u / i ; g r e a t e rt l i a n 7 M p a s h a l lb e p e r n r i t t e di n

and ties havingfy = 275 MPa is subjectedto factoied axial forces,moments,and
computingV., V,,,anclV-" for reinforcedor prestiessedconcretebeams
shearsas shown in Figure007.
a n d c o n c r e t ej o i s t c o n s t r u c t i o n
h a v i n gm ; n i m u mw e b r c , i n f o r c e m e n t
The factoredforcesand momentsare as follows: e q u a l t o f ' , , / 3 5t i m e s , b u t n o t m o r e t h a n t h r e e t i m e s t h e a m o u n t s
r e q u i r e db y S e c t i o n5s. 1 1 . 5 . S 5. 3. 1, 1 . 5 . S o
. 4r ,S e c5. . 1 1 . 5 . 5 . 5 .
Axial force.N, = 370 kN
Positivemoment, M, = 1350 kN-m 5,11.1,3 Maximum factoredshear force Vu at supports may be computed in
Negativemoment, Mu = 450 kN-m a c c o r d a n cw
e i t h s e c .5 , 1 1 . 1 . 3 .o1r s e c .5 . 1 1 . 1 . 3 .w
2 henboth of the following
S c cS c c t i o n5 . 11 o f 1 9 9 2 N S C P . conditionsare satisfied:
28. Deterrnine the shear strength proviCed by concrete using the simplified
c a l c u l a t i o gn i v e ni n S e c t i o n5 . 1 1 . 3 . 1 . (a) support reaction,in direction of appliedshear,introducesconrpressioninto
A . 2 1 0k N t h e e n d r e g i o n so f r n e m b e ra, n d
C, 1 5 0k N
B. 240kN D , T B OK N ( b ) n o c o n c e n t r a t e ldo a d o c c u r sb e t w e e nf a c eo f s u p p o r t a n d l o c a t i o nu r c r i t i c a l
29. Determinc the shear strength provided by concrete using the de;ailed s e c t i o nd e f i n e ci .nl s e c .5 . 1 1 . 1 . 3 .o1r S e c S
. .11.1.i.2.
.
calculationgiven in Section5.11.3.2.
5,11.1.3,1 For nonprestressed members,sectionslocatedless than a
A . 1 4 8K N c. 178kN distanced from faceof support may be designedfor the same shear Vu
B . 1 2 1k N D. 192kN as that computedar a distanced.
30. Determine therequiredspaciirg
of ties.
A. 87 nrm C. 102mm 5.11.1.3,Z For prest:-essedmembers, sectlonslocated less than a
B . 1 3 2m m D. 145mm distanceh/2 from face of support may be designedfor the same shear
. V! as that computedat a distanceh/Z

5,11,1,4For deepflexuralmembers,br acketsand corbels,v.'alls,and slabsand

5.11.1ShearStrength f o o t i n g st,h c s p e c r apl r o v i s i o n so f S e c 5
. . 1 1 . 8t h r o u g hS e cS
. .11.12
shrll apply.
5,ll.l,l Designof crosssectionsubiectto shearshall be bas'edor, -'
5,11.3 Shear Strength Provtded by Concrete for t\lon-prestre$singMembers
Vu<QVn (11-1) 5.11.3.1 Shearstr"engthV. shall be computedby provisionsof Sec.5.11.3.1.1.
where Vu is factorcd shear force at section;irrd':v"is rlotniiiil:shear ltrength i, through 5.11.3,1.4,unless a more detailed salculation is made in rcie1.d6nq9.,:i.
computedby : wfh Sec.5.11.3.2..
,
.'Vn:'V"}V".'..;....;...,l..',:;';;{1i:,2).. . 5.11.3.1.1 lormemberssubjecttqshearand:fle-xure.only, , : . .. .,;;:;_:.
where V. is nominal shear strength provided by concrete in accordancewith
Sec.5.1j..3 or Sec.5.1.1,4ancrVs is nominal.shpir:st,ength provided !y sh9.aq;, v . =J 4 6 * 6 t r r-J,
reinforcementin accordancewith Sec.5.11.5.6

r11-r]', ..a,;l r:

;"ffi
I$illlililillt
 S t r r r c t u r aE
l nginecring
32 May 20t l and Construction Civil EngineeringReferenceVol.3
33
( J t l , U l t t t VN . A , s l r ; r l ll ) r ' " \ l ) r r ' \ \ r ' ( i i l l
/ Ml,,r 5 . 1 1 , 5S h e a rS t r e n g t hp r o v i d e d b y S h e a rR e i n f o r c e n r e n r
5 . 1 1 3 . 1 . 3 I ; o r r n t , n r b c r ss u l ) J C Ltto s r g r r r f i c : r r. r tr r : t lt t , n s i o n s, h e a r . S . 1 1 . S . 1T y p e s o f S h e a rR e i n f o r c e m e n t
t { ' n tl o r r ( ' } l } ( ' nst h : r li l t r ,t l t ' si g n e t l t o { . . , r' - yt o t ; r ls l r t , , r r
5 . 1 1 . 5 . 1 . 1S h e a r e i n f o r c e n l otnnt. i vc o n s i sot f :
5 . 1 1 . 3 . 1 . 4 A t s e c . i o n s r , a , , h t : lr;er t t o r c t l t o r . s i o n ; rtl ) ) o n t ( , t ) t ',1 e x c e e t l s
( a ) S t i r r u p sp e r p e n d i c u l at ro a x i so f m e m h e r
o./r
]-XT V ( b ) w e l d e d w i r e f a b r i c! ^ / i t hw i r e sl o c a t e cpi e r p e n c l i c u l a r .at o
20 . x i so f m e m n e r .
5 . 1 1 . 5 . 1 . 2F o r n o n p r e s t r e s s em d e m b e r s ,. s h e a rr e i n f o r c e m e n tm a v
a l s oc o n s i s o
t f:
(11s)
(a) stirruos making an angle of 45' or more wirh longitudinal
tension
reinforcement.
( b ) L o n g i t u d i n arl e i n f o r c e m e nwt i t h b e n t p o r t i o n m a k i n g a n a n g l eo f
5 . 1 1 ' 3 . 2S h e a rs t r t ' n g t hV . m a y b e c o m p u t e db y t h e n r o r et l e t a i l e dc a l e u l a t i o n 3 0 oo r
more with the Iongitudinaltensionreinforcemenr.
o f S e c5. . 1 1 . 3 . 2t.h1r o u g h5 . 1 1 . 3 . 2 . 3 .
(cJ Combinationsof stirrups and bent longitudinalreinforcement.
5 . 1 1 . 3 . 2 . 1! ' o r m e m b e r ss u b j e c t o s h c a ra n d f l r x L r r o
enly, (d) Spirals.
i t , f; ,
u , = l l J t ' r t z 0 P :*d l - z t r , , . t s - 1 1 . 5 . 2D e s i g ny i e l d s t r e n g t ho i s h e a rr e i n f o r c e m e nst h a l r n o t
(il .,) e x c e e d4 r . 5
l, tvt, ) MPa.

b u t n o t g r e a r e r i , a n0 . 3 5.11'5.3 Stirrups and other bars or wires used as slrear reinforlcment

shall
J { U " d . Q u a n t i t yV , t l / M " s h a l ln o t b e t a k e n extendto a distanced from extremecompressionfiber and shall bi anchored
g r e a t e rt h a n 1 . 0 i n c o m p u t i n gV . b y E q . ( 1 1 . 6 J ,w h e r e M , i s f a c t o r e d at both ends accor.lingto sec.s.12.13tc developthe designyield strength
momentoccurringsimultaneouslywith Vuat secttonconsidered. of
reinforcement.
5 . 1 1 , 3 . 2 . 2F o r m e m b e r ss u b j e c t o a x i a lc o m p r e s s i o nE,q .( 1 1 - 6 )m a y 5.11.5.4 Spaclng Llmtts for Shear Reinforcement
be used to compute V. witn Mn, substitutedfor M, anclV, d/M" not
t h e ni i m i r e dt o 1 . 0 ,w h e r e 5.11'5'4'1 spacing of shear reinforcementpraced perpendicurarto.
axis of members shall not exceedd/2 in nonprestressedmembers and
4h -d
M*r = Mu - N,, (11-7) (3/a)h in prestressedmembers,nor 600 mm.
B
s.11.5.4.2 Inclinedstirrups and bent longihrdinalreinforcementshall
However, V. shall not be taken greater than
be so spaced thot every 450 rine, extending toward the reaction from
middepth of member d/2 to longitudinaltension relnforcemen! shall
V,=o3/{ n-o./t*91L [ 11 - 8 ) be crossedby at leastcne line ofshear reinforcement.
Y A ,
Ouantity N"/A6 shall be expressedin Mpa. When M. as computedby 5.11.5.4.3 When Vs exceed(fi/ 3) b*d maximum spacinggrvenin
E q .( 1 1 - 7 1i s n e g a t i v eV, . , s h a l lb e c o m p u t e cbl y t s q ( 1 1 , 8 ) . Sec.5,1L.54.1 and Sec.S,lt.S.+.?shallbe redrrcedby one-half,
5 . 1 1 . 3 . 2 . 3F o r m e m b e r ss u b j e c t o s i g n i f i c a nat x i a it e n s r o n , 5.11.5.6 Deslgn of Shear Relnforcement

v,=lr*o3N"lJLb-d 5.11.5.6.1 Where'factoredshear force Vu exceedsshear strength

A , ) 6
[ 1r - e ) $V.,
shear reinforcementshailbe providedto satisfyEq, (11.1) andltt-21,
\
where shear strength v" shalr be computed in aicordanie with sei.
where Nu :s negativefor tension. QuantiryN,,/Asshall be expressedin 5.L1.5.6.2through Seci5:1.4.5.6.8,.
il MPa.
ii 5.1i.5.6.2 When shear relnforcerhentperpendlcular to
memberisused, .t'
1
.l ". '.
I' .
t : 1' ., 'ij,,;:;:i
r,i i"i ,, ' ;#'
1'l;-.,.1'::..irr L

trfilillililll
 StructuralEnglneering
34 M a y2 0 1 1 and Constructlon
Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3
35
,, = A
_
,f,d
v\ [ 11 - 1 7 )
s
w h e r e A " i s t h e a r e a o f s h e a r r e i n f i r r c e m e nwt i t h i n a d i s t a n c es

--T--
12 mm O ties
d=0.6m
J

Flgur.007

'; . :,',:;

-i,
.!

Eilillll
 Structural Engineerlng
36 May 2011 and Constructlon Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3
37

HffiH

**
END i**

Answer Key
lC llD 21C
2A 12A
t.ho 22F
38 138 23D
4D .I4D 24C
sq 1sc zsA

5A 1 5D 268
',;.1 '
t7A 27C
8ts 1 8B 28D
9A 194 z9A
.10c 2 0a 30c

Eililililllilil
 S t r u c t ur a l E n g i n e e r i n g
Clvll EnglneeringReferenceVol. 3
38 M a y2 O l 1 and Construction 39
A:-"J P a r t 3 l M a x r m u ms h e a r i n gs t r e s s( a t N . A . )
Y= Solutions Q = \-AY
-.---r
IIJ*J Q = 2 6 0 ( 1 e , 3 ) ( 2 -t 0r e 3 l z )

S it u a t i o n 1
' l - h eb c a t n i s c t t n s i t l e t c t ls i r r l l l l y s t r p l l r r t - t c a
t i16(1907)(re1Tlz)
Q = 1 2 1 6 . 2 8x2 1 0 i m n r r f l 2ro
l r e o .| z
( lt p o i n t s f l r r r t l C
Nltc: t = 1 1 , 6m m
l,=462.02 x lQr66a I t
I_-----_-]
112.5x10'(1216282x10r)
f"= I ,.-
It 4 6 2 , 0 2 x1 0 " ( 1 1 . 6 )
f u= 2 5 . 5 3 M P a

Ll Sltuatlon 3
I M r= 0 6 R s= B ( 7 s ) ( 3 7 s ) Assumeall forcesIn tension
R H= 3 7 . 5k N ) ParIZ and take D as the origin:

Fr: Xl = -0.90; yr = 1,8: zt = -2.4

LMn=U 6 R r = B ( 7 - 5 ) ( :71- 5- l . s )
R r = 2 2 . 5k N ) Part 1 t,= li:o.eof*1rTf
*t*I
L r= 3 . 1 3 2 1
P a r t3 : M a x i n r u nnt e g a t t v cm l ; : r r t n ti a t [ l ) r'
6 4 u' " , ,= - 8 ( i . 5 ) { i . 5 / 2 ) Fz: xl = L,8; yz=Qi zz=-2.4 Y 7 wrr,
M:r 'r= ' -9 kN-m Lz=3
6
.FJr - -=v ,-J0
, : ^xJ3 v '. 9 0 ; y l = . L . 8 ; Lz. t. ,=- .-
L2, +. 4
4
'5--L'gi ', rl
l. irSitrration2 Lr= 3.1321 .r t,
.t
M a x i m u mm o m e n t( a t s u P P o r t ) : I

wl] 7qrq tr W: x,n= Q; y* z 0; zw= -2.4 $!'"'" -.,J,h.tt

M.r- = M,".,, = ::1\.L L* = 2.4 "/
1; I
. afi..
M."" = 168.75 kN-m : |w-/
A .' . . t '
shear(reaction)
Maximum o
wL
-;- , , - -2 s ( 9 ) EFx=0
V,n"^=R= Vmrx= 't-'.. 'o"
z z - x. - x. - x. '.\-
V * " ^= 1 1 2 . 5k N F r J + F z j l + F l ] ! . + W i "o = 0 -\ r ' ' e
Lr L2 L3 L*
.0.2873Fr + 0,6Fz: 0.2873Fr + 0 = 0
Part 1: Maximumbendingstress:
- M c r 1 6 8 . 7 5 x1 0 6 (r j " )
_ --ffifr11[r- .O.ZBZ3p1+ 0,6Fz- 0.2973Fr = 0 Eq.(r)
rn':rr'l- EFy=Q
I
f u n ' a '= 7 6 . 7 M P a p , h * F z l a + F ,I t * W L = 0
Lr L7 Lr. L"
Part 2: Maximumaverageshearingstressat the web:
0,574rFt + 0 - 0.5747Fs+ 0 = 0
v - 1 1 2 . 5 x-1 0 '
f,"'= tvw= - Fr-Fr=0 Eq,(2) " ' ' ''l" i i 'jri
dt" 420(1r.6) #t' ' '
f,w= 23.09 MPa l..idt,l
'
irfi.l,t !i :ir
-t ':i,;;
,..
;.r'r,lidrr-:
,:: Li. '
.:':!3if:'il,,s, L

nil11ilililil
 S t r u c t u r a lE n g i n e e r i n g
40 M a y2 0 1 1 and Construction Clvil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3
41
IF,=0 Part 3:
F r a * F r L * 1 , , / 1n W L =0 or=5MPu
[,r 1,. 1,, I"_ nt) _ 1 t ( 3 0 U lU
- 0 . 7 6 6 3l ' r - 0 . U F . , 0 7 ( t 6 3 l t - W - 0
2r 2( r2)
- 0 . 7 6 6 3 I . - r- . 0 . t i I r . , 0 . 7 ( > 6 . JI : t - W f . r 1 .( . 1 ) p=40kPa
S o l v i n gu s r n g c a l c u l a t o r : p=Yh 40=9.B1xh
Fr = -0.435 W; Fz= -0.417 W; Irr= -0.435W h=4,08m

Part 1:
Allowableload = 10 kN
Fr=0.435W=10 fJ Situatlon 5
W = 22.99 kN
Y . ^ = % ( 6 ) ( 5 2 )= 1 5 6 k N
Parts 2 and 3:
W=50kN M ' " ' = 7 z ( 6 ) ( 5 2 ) ,6 / 3
M m a=* 3 L 2 k N - m
F u o= F z F r u= , 0 . 4 1 7 ( 5 0 )
Irsn= -20.85 kN (compression)

F a u= F r F , r n= - 0 . 4 3 5 [ 5 0 )
F'nu= -21.75 kN (compression)

1,.!Situation 4
Diameter,D=3m
Wall thickness,t = 12 mm
Tankheight,H=6m
Unit weight of water = 9.81 kN/m:

Parts 1& 2:
h=6m
P=Yh p=9.81(6t
P = 58.86 I<Pa
Tangentialstress:
DD u.05BB6fr000l
L
' 2 r
Or=
2(rz)
ot = 7.36MPa
Longitudinal stress: talr = 0 (AreaeaJ(xs;
=o
-
PD ^U l _ 0.0sBB6(3000) fr
Ot= - - 18R(4)-468(4,8)=a
4t 4(r2) R = 3 1 . 2k N
or = 3.68 MPa
M e= 6 R- 3 1 2
Me=6(31.2)- 312
Nir= -124.8kN-m
Formulas: R: WL lvlA = -
wl:
10 IJ

Eililllillillll
 Structural Engineering
2011 and Constructlon Civil EngineeringReferenceVol.3 43
Part 3:
S i t u a t i o n6 b=l00mm S i n c et h e s t r e s sa t h e t o p i s z e r o ,P a c t sa t h / 3 f r o m t h e b o t t o mo f t h e
b e a m ,o r e = h / 2 - l ' t / 3= h / 6
e = 60O/6
e=100mm

p=t/2f,x11xl'1 P= %(161(600)[300)
Y P = 1 4 4 0 0 0 0N
Y P = 1440 kN
8
@
-
t*i Situation 7
Axial loads: Moment,M':
Po= 1080kN M e = L 5 0k N - m
Pr-= 820 kN
P e= 3 1 0k N

stressat the top and bottom of the beam is given by the

The conrpressive
f or m u l a :
o bfe
f.=-:-!;J
url
bh

Partl:-.ha
stressin the entire cross-sectron
to be uniform,P must be applied
e = o and:
hence
liirtt ttn"''
P= 2 1 ( 3 0 0 ) ( 6 0 0 t
P=f,rbh P= 3 7 8 0k N
l-) !^
.t -"{- I I
. . ! J
Dt\
Part 2: p 6Pe -z = - -
P
* 6 p e ,
, 4 "
' F-
\ l
Lrl

f r n p = ' f i ;[t 300[6oo) 300(600)1 '{' \

-<''

-F -
36.000,000 .iiN
\ ,t
r' - (.-
=
1 0 0 -e ' i a
p
' 6Pe P - 7. 2 = - ' 5Pe
f.b"'fi ;;7 300(600) 30{60Q?.::''
+ t-,'.n
-r = -2 1 6 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0
l:r.L -
e + i.00 jts'.'

36,oQS,gss 216,000,000
P=P 1 0 0 -e e +1 0 0
I e = 5 0 0 / 7= 7 1 . 4 3m m

lt
U:rltlli;

ruilllililllll
 Structural Engineerlng
44 M a y2 0 1 1 and Constructlon Clvll EngineeringReferenceVol. 3
45
,K,I 2647 176(1)
= - + R r = 5 6 9 . 4k N P a r t 1 : P b a s e do n l - r o lst t r e a r :
5 4
P= F,r,'64r, p = 2 1 0 , 6 ( 3 8 01 3 )
2647 1 76 ( r ) p=479kN
,112
, = - -
Rr=4894kN
5 4 P a r t 2 : P l - r a s eodn b c . a r i nsgr r - e s s :

^ 2647 P=FpAl P= 6 0 0 ( 1 5 8 4 1
x 3 = -
E
R : = 5 2 9 . 4k N P = 9 5 0 . 4k N
P a r t 3 t P b a s e do n b l o c ks n e a r :
P a r t 1 : R e q u i r e dn o m i n a lw i d e - b e a ms h e a rs t r e n q t h :

q
Vu=2xRr Y" = 2{569.4)
V "- 1 1 3 8 .k8N

rv ,n _
- -
L138.B
0.85
V " = 1 3 3 9 . 7 6k N |,-=,-r* * -:;-r
C o m b l n e dt e n s i o na n d s h e ; r ( b l o c ks h e a r r
N e t t e n s i o na r e a : A t = Z ( x t _ % H o l e . x) t
Parl2t Requirednominal punchingshearstrength: A r= 2 [ 5 0- Y r ( z i l j x l l = ! Q [ p 6 z
l/ N e t s h e a ra r e a : A " = 2 ( 2 x z , r r - 2 . 5 H o l e ]x t
!n= Jr
0 A , = 2 [ 2 ( 6 0 ) r ' r 0 - 2 . 5 ( 2 5 J xj t l = l g g 0 6 6 2
V u = 2 x R r + 2 R z V , = 2 ( 5 5 9 . 4 )+ 2 ( 4 8 9 . 4 ' ) P : F tA r + F u A u =
| 2 0 0 ( 9 0 0 )+ 1 2 0 ( 2 5 8 0 1
V " = 2 1 1 7 . 6k N P = 489.5 kN
v _ 2l\7.6 V" = 249L.29kt{
0.85
C! Sltuatton 9
Part 1l Load on beam BE:
Part 3: Requirednominal momentcapacity:
Equlvalentunlform load due to floor Dressure:
M,
Mnr S = 2 . 8 m L; = 6 m
0 pu = 1.4 pd + 1,7pr pu = 1.4(4,9)+ i.Z(4.E)
M u= ( 2 R r ) x Q . 6 M " = 9 1 1 . 0 4k N - m p, = 15.02kpa
= '11'9* Mn= 1012.27
kN-m
"" 0,90
wpu=2.
+ f'-[;l] =2, (1s.o2x2'8)
wpu [r_l'3g.l'"l
5 i " - | . T JI
wp"= 39.003kN/m
Ll sltuatlon I
x r j 5 0 m m , x z= 1 6 0m m ,x t = 6 0 m m , t = 1 2 m m Uniformluaddueto beamweightt
Allowableshearingstressof boll Ful= 210 Mpa wb= ycAbeam wb= 23.5x (0.2S){0.aS)
Allowabletensilestresson netareaof plate,Ft = 0.5Fu= 200 Mpa wu= 2.6437kN/m
Allowablebearingstresson proJected irea cn plate,Fo= 1.5Fu= 600 Mpa
Allowable shearing w b u= 1 . 4w b w=1.4(2.6432)
stresson plates, Fv = 0.3Fu = 120Mpa
Boltara,Auort = i Q2)z = 380.13mm2 wuu= 3.7012kN/m
Pro,ected trea,Ap;'du x t x 5 .22(12)(6) = 1584mmz rotar
factored
uniform
r"o'di '
::' -
,''-il ' I
il:':ilgHiii#z : rt1t. , rtll
..r ,:..;r:,l:i::.
.:.'tiri - :,:;.
 StructuralEngineering
46 M a y2 0 1 1 and Construction
Clvil EnglneeringReferenceVol. 3 47
;i^i Sltuatlon 10
P a r t 2 : F a c t o r esdh e a ra t c r i t i c a sl e c t i o n
h=600mm fy=275MPa
I l e a c t i o na t t h ee n d so f B E : R = Y zw " l '
R = 1/202.7ja)G) b " '= 4 0 0 m m f. = 21 MPa 1 2m m O t l s
R = 1 2 8 .1 3k N d. = 40 mm M a i nb a r ,d r ,= l Z m m
'Ite, =
cir 12mm
Factoreds h e aar t r i i s t a n c "ed " f r o m f a c eo f s u p p o r t
Effectivedepthd, ' h - d . - d r - V zd u
d = h - c o v e r =4 5 0- 7 0 = 3 8 0 m m
Effectivedepth,d = 600 - 40 - 12 - Vz(32)
Vr=R-wuxd V , = 1 2 8 . 1 1-34 2 . 7 0 4 ( 0 . 3 8 ) Effectivedepth,d = 532 mm
V , = 1 1 1 , 8 8 5k N
: . t= 3
T e n s i o ns t e e l A i GZ)z= 2413mmz
P a r t 3 : S p a c i nogf s t i r r u P s
Sheaistrengthprovidedby concrete: Part 1: SimplifiedV. ( E q . 1 1 - a )
t -
y.=lufb*d Y , = : ' 1 2 1( 2 5 0 ) ( 3 8 0 )
v . =f t *1*4 A' rI So l )o - o
V .= 7 2 . 5 5 7
kN l' J
\
.. = (. 3 7 o , o o o !r
to be providedby steel:
Shearstrerrgtir v c |' ,r r - | Ji(1o0trs32)
1 4 ( 5 0 0 x 4 0 06) /
Y u = Q V n = O [ V c + V sY) , - ' ' r : - - Y . V c= 1 8 0 , 4 2 6
kN
q
.. l11.BB5
Vs= -'/1.55 I
0.85 Part2: Detalledcalculatlon forV. (Eq.Ll-6 & 71-7)
V. = 5c.07kN Solvefor Vu,M,,andMm;
Fromthefigure:
VuxL=450+1350
Limiting volueofV, (section5.11.5'5'8' 1992 NSCP;Section411'6.5'92001 NSCP) V u ( 4 ' 5=) l $ Q g
V" = 400kN
V.shallnotbe taken'sreatertn^n ?,[i ^ b* d --290.23kN.
3 ' M u =1 3 5 0 - V u d
Spacingofstirrups(verticalU sfirrups) M, = 1350- 400(C.532)= 1137.2kN-m
Av=2xAl 4"=lx {(10)2
A" = 157.08mm2 4h-d
M m= M u- N "
I
A. f..d (380)
1s7,08(27s)
- v ,
q = ---:-z- $=
59,070
- -
M m 1 1 3 7 . 23 7 0
4{0'6)-0'532
, 8
S=278mm Mm= 1050,805 kN'm
t:;..4:.. tti^-,.

- '2001)l
Maxir,rumspacing$ection5.11.5,41992/ Sectlon411.6.4.i A.. 24\3
. 1 '
ww- - vw- -

VrIslessthan.(I fi
Since u. a = 145.11kN! then*,,
:' . b*d 4oo(532)
P*= 0.0113
J
spaang--!/2 = 380/2 = 190 rnm
maximum ..r,,r.
,
UseS=1)0mm

nilillll
 t- ^t"r"-U"r rtt t .. Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3 75
S T R U C T U R AETN G I N E E R I N&GC O N S T R U C l ' I O N
Flow Curve
N O V E M B E2R0 1 1
S i t u a t i o n1 A l o a do f W - 3 0 k N i s
l i f t e dt h r o u g ha b o o ml l C Da s
'l-he
shown rn tJre Frgure.
\ b o o m n r a k e sa n a n g l eo f 6 0 "
to s 5 0 with the vertical. Neglectthe
o weight of the boom and for
47,1o/o = LL \ this problem, L.t = Lz = 2 m.
9 q s
o The pulley a t D i s
3 \
frlctionless

l0 20 25 30 40 50 60 t0 90 100 I. D e t e r m i nteh ea n g l eu .
Number of blows - logarithmic scale
A. 40' c. 45"
B. 35. D. 30"
l.L = 47.1o/o W h a ti st h et e n s i ^ ni n c a b l eA Ci n k N ?
PL = 38,34o/o A, 51,96 C. J4.89
MCn=5L.9o/c B. 25.36 D.43.:1
, , - M c '- P L _ 5 1 . 9 0 - 3 8 . 3 =
L t - +
4
1.548
3 . Whatis thetotalreaction at B in kN?
LL-PL 47.t0-38.34 A. 54.77 c. 1,7,32
B. 43.21, D.51.96

Sltuatlon 2 - The strut shown in the Figurecarriesan axialload of P = 148 kN

16mmO

Detern^lne thebearingsrressbetweenthe piri andstrut:

A. 463 MPa':. ''' .'..i 1 C, 285 MPA
'l
B. 345 MPa..'': . : ..:.
.':.::''. D. 563 MPa
. , , . . , r ,. .i , . : . .

Eiliililillllil
 ttructuralEngineering
76 November 201 1 C"nrtructron Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3
"rd zz
, t
( l)etcrn)rne tlle slrellillE st|r,ssln tile t)it1
I r . u e t e r t n n ) c U t r v t , r t i t . r l( o n t l ) o l t e t l t
/t' 286 MP;t I. r z lI l \ 1 1 , e o f t l t t , r _ c : t r t r o :nr t A
A. 239kN (.. IrJskN
l.l -168 M I',a i41 i\,11,:r
I l . 2 t ) . 2k N
l ) 0 t L ' r ' n ) i r tl rhl ( r s h ( u l n t s t ' r ' s (i I l i r r , l t , , l t s I ) 1 6 . : tk N
1 2 . D c - t e r r n i n et h e h o r j z o n t ; r ir o l l t l ) o t ) r , t ) t
A 1 5 9 . 4M P : t l 2 l 1 r1 1 l ' , o l t h , , t _ o i l ( . r t o n : l Jt .
A 2 6 . 5k N (. ll 7 liN
B. 196.4 MPtt I (r7 -i \'11);r u. 1B:l kN
l ) - J t ,/ l i N

'lhe
3 c o l L t n t ns l l l r v n l n t h r ' I ' r g u r c
Situation
i s l o a d e d w i t h a v e r t i c , r ll o a d P = 3 k \
and lateral load il = 0,a5 kN. The
column is 3 m high and is made of steel
-
H=045kN
with 300 mm outei dianteter, 6 rnnt +
t h i c k a n dw e i g h s 1 5 0 N / m .
o c q= - 0 4

w = 1 5 0N / m

J 0 0m m

srtuauon 5 - The sheet pile

shown in the Figure rs
provided with renston A
ymr= l/.1 kN,/mr
rods spaced 3 meters
Ir apart. The woodon
K=l/3 bFH
I
stringers has d = 300 mnr
Kfl
3 . 3m Stringer
ir and can be considercd
l',.' Whatis the maximumstressat the basedue to the load p?
simply supported at each
illt,
A. I.7B MPa C . 2 . 5 4M P a
i]i connectibn to the tension
B . 1 , 3 7M P a D . 0 . 8 7M P a
li:r rod. . Allowable bending fensron rod
$,i.r B . W h a ti s t h e m a x i m u ms t r e s sa t t h e b a s ed u et o i h e l a t e r a l o a d ? and shearing stresses of
}l.f' A. 4.76MPa C . 3 . 4 6M P a
Lt;i. the stringer are 14.7 Mpa
j$ili; B . 5 . 2 8M P a D . Z . B 9M P a anC l.4B MPa,
L I f r h ec o l u m ni s a s o l i dt i m b e rw i t h d i a m e t e ro f 2 5 0 m m , w h a t i s t h e r r r a x i m u m 2.1m
ffiI respectively.
ill
:tl.ii
#;:
j
liil
shearing stressat the base?
A . 0 . C 8 9M P a
B . 0 . 1 6 4M P a
C , u , 0 4 5f 4 P a
D . 0 , 0 1 2M P a
I___* 1*r. = 9.8 kN/m3

:{1
illl
ligili situation4.- The frameshown in the Figureis actedupon by wind load pressureof 1 3 . What is the designmomentof the stringer?
1 . , 4 4 k P aT. h e s ef r a m e sa r e s p a c e d6 m a p a r t n o r m a l i o t h . p a p e r . C o n s i d e r
A. 5 4 . 8r N - m C . 4 2 . 4k t r _ m
therollersupportat B and the joint at D as oin.
B. 7 4 . 4k N - m D . 6 3 . 9k N _ m
10. Derer'mine the hurizontalcomponentof thsrpactionat A.
t? Wlat value of srringerwidth ,,b,,based
A. 35.7kN c . 1 8 . 3k N ls1|e on bending?
A. 192mm C. 290mm
B. 26.5kN D . 1 2 . 7k N B . 2 4 9m m D . 3 3 8m m
 S t r u c t u r a lE n g l n e e r l n g
78 November2011 and Constructlon
C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n gR e f e r e n c eV o l . 3 79
1 5 , W h a t i s t h e v a l u eo f s t r i n g e rw i d t h " b " b a s e do n s h e a r l 2 0 I ) e t e r r n r n ct l r r ' r r t . r x i r r r Llr:nr tr t o r t ' r ls l r r ' : r r ' { r kr rN ) r r r b e : r n rc I l l ; r s s r r r r r r nt lgr : r t( i
A. 321mm C 2 B Bn r m a n d I a r r f r x e t l . u r tIl l i s l r r r r g t , .
B . 2 3 5m m I ) . 2 5 4m n r A. l4jl (. t2ll
B. I 7fl 9 t). 9t] 4
21 D e t e r n r i n r t l r t ' r r l r x r r n u r l rf r t t t o r t ' t lp o s i t r v l n l o l r ) ( . r ){ti n k N - r r r )i n l r c a n r ( i l l
S i t u a t l o n6 - T h e 6 m l o n g p r e s t r c s s ecda n t i l e v e br e a ms h o w ni n t h e l . i g u r ec a r r i e sa a s s u n t i n gt h a t ( i l n d I u r e l i x c r ll n r l l l r s h r r r g e .
'2),3
c o n c e n t r a t e ldi v e l o a d o f 1 8 k N a t t h e f r e ee n d a n d a u n r f o r n rd e a d l o a dd u e t o A. (. 154
i t s o w n w e i g h t , U n i t w e i g h to f c o n c r e t ei s 2 0 k N / m r , T h e s t r a n d sa r e 1 2 m m 8.187 D. 11.2
in diameter with total prestressingforce of 540 kN appliedat an eccentricity
"e" abovethe neutralaxis of the gross-section.
16. What is the maximum stress(MPa) in the bottcm fiber of the beam at the free
errdWhenthe eccentricltye = 0?
A. -/.Ub c. -2.25
B. -13.45 D -10.35
17. What is the stress in the top fiber of the beam at the fixed end when the
eccenfficitye=100mm?
A , + 5 . 4M P a C . + 8 , 1M P a
B . + 6 . 3M P a D , + 3 . 6M P a
1 8 . W h a t i s t h e r e q u i r e de c c e n t r i c i t e
y s u c ht h a t t h e s t r e s st n t h e t o p f i b e r , f t n e
beam at the fixed end is zero?
A. 230 mnr c. 20c,nm
B . 1 6 0m m D, 260mm

H,,, Situation B - Channelsectionsare used as a purlin. The top chords of the truss are
slopedat 4H to 1V. The trussesare spaced6 rn on centersa'ld the purlins are
spacedL.2 m on centers.

Sltuatlon7 - Reinforced
concretebeamshavingwidthsof 400 mm andoveralldepths Loads:
of 600 mm are spaced3 meterson centersas shownin the Figure. These , Dead loarl = 720 Pa
, beams,support a 100mm thickslab.Thesuperimposed loadson thesebeams Live load = 1000 la
areasfollovys: Wind load = 1400 Pa
Deadload(incl.floorfinish,ceiling,
etg.)...,...-...................3.2
kpa Wind coefficients:
Live1oad,,,..,.,,. .......,................3.6
kpa W'ndward = + 0.2
Leeward = -0.6
The colurrnsE and H are omlttedsuchthat the girder BEHKsupportsthe
beamsDEFatE andGHIat H. y'.ssume El = constant
forall beams.unit weisht Properties of C2OAt 76
of concreteis 24 kN/mr. S *= 5 . 1 9' L 0 l m m l
19. Determlnethe factoreduniformioadon beamGHl,in kN/m. Sv= 1.38 x !Q+663
A. 47,7L '-: e. 67.2L Weighgw=79IlE
B,,$4pA D. 41.23 Fbx= Fly = 207 MPa
Allowable bending stre-sses,

Hillliillt1ill
 Structural Engineering
80 N o v e m b e2
r 011 and Construction Clvll EnglneeringReferenceVol.3 gl
2 2 . I ) t , t e r n , i n et h e t o m p u t e r l b c n d i n g s t r t , : ; s ,f r , , ,r l L : r t o c o r r r b r n . t t i o no f d e a d ; i n d
l i v e l o a c i so n l y 5.21.4 SpecialProvisions for SeismicDesign
A. 196MPa (.. I2.Jl\1lru
[.] 176 Ml,rr 5.21,4,4Transverse Reinfo rcement
I) l5i Mt,.r
2 . J . I ) c t c r n t i n e t l . r c c o n r p t r t r r l b t ' n t l i r r gs t l t ' s s , f r , r ,r l L r t t. o c o n t h i r r . r t i o no f d e a d a n t l 5 ' 2 1 , 4 ' 4 . t r r a n s v " ' r s er e r n f o r c e m e nats s p e c i f i e db e l . w s h a i lb e p r o v r d e du n l e s s
a
l i v e l o ; r d so n l y .
l a r g ea m o u n ti s r e q u i r e db y S e c 5. . 2 1 . 7
A. 169MPa C. i4-JNlPa
B 123 MPa ( 1 ) T h e v o l u m e t r r cr a t i o o f s p i r a lo r c i r c u l a rh o o pr e i n f o r c e m e npt ,s ,s h a l l n o t
l). 103 tvlPa be
? 4 D e t e r r n i n et h e ' v a l u e o f t h e i n t e r : r c t i o n e q u . i t i o n l e s st h a nt h a t i n d i c a t e db v
u s r n gt h e l o a d c o m b i n a t i o n o f
0.75[D+ L + W) at the windward side.
A. 0.87 c. L25 t t , = 0 . l 2f , l f v n
B. 1.59 D. 1.87
a n Cs h a l ln o t b e l e s st h a n

situation9 - The colunrnshown in the figure is subjectedto shear force parallelto

the 600 mm side. Allowableconcreteshearstrcssfor shearparallelto the 600 \- t'l I'
m n r s i d e ' i s0 . 8 1 6 M P a . c o n c . e t es t r e n g t hf . = 2 l M p a a n d s t e e ls t r e n g t hf o r
tr r .=0.45f 10-5
lA, )f"
b o t h I o n g i t u d i n aal n r lc o n f i n i n gr e i n f o r c c n r c n ti s 4 1 s M p a . ' l h e t i e s a r e a l l 1 2
. m m i n d i a n r e t ew r i t h c l e a rc o v e ro f 4 0 n r m .
2 5 . l ) e t e n , i i n et h e f a c ' t o r e sc hl e a rf o r c eV , ,t h a t t h e c o l u n t nc a nr e s i s ti f t h e n o m r n a l (2) The total cross-sectional areaof rectangularhoop reinfor.cernent
shall not be
s h e a rs t r e n g t hp r o v i d e db y t h e t i e s i s 3 7 5 k N . l e s st h a n t h a t g i v e nh ' , :
A. 378 c. 467
B. 426 D. 532
26. If the ties are spacedat 225 mm on centers,what is i-hemaximum value of Vu, As,=03+l*,J Z L'5

inkN?
A. 472 c. 335 sh'f''
B. 427 D. 389 A"r'= o.o9 2r-4
27 If the factoredshearforce parallelto the 500 mm side is 400 kN, determinethe fr,
required spacing of transverse reinforcement in accordance with the
provisionsfor seismic.lesign. (3) Transversereinforcementshallbe provicedby eithersingleor overlapping
A. 126mm C. 24Lmm
B . 1 5 4m m !oo.Rs.Crossties'ofthesamebar sizeand spacingas the hoopmay be used.
D. 100mm Eachendofthe crosstie shallengagea peripheral
longitudinalreinforcing
bar,
consecutivecrosstiesshallbe alternaiedend for eni alongthe longitudinal

' (4) lf the dgsignstrength of member

core satisfiesthe requirementof the
loadingcomL'inationsincludingearthquakpeffeci,Er1.(21-3) and
?:.i!.d
"-:3F[;Y;:
(10-5)neednot be satisfied.,

5.2L,4,4.2Transversereinforcementshall be spacedat distancenot exceeding

[a]
one'quarterof the minimum memberdimension,(b) six times the diameterof
longitudinalreinforceme;rt,
and (c) asdefinedby Eq.21-5

3 5 0 -h '
s-x.a.1. 0 0+ 21-5
12rnmA 3

ilillillllillil
 Structural Engineering
82 2011
November and Construction Clvll EnglneeringReferenceVol.3
83
:
'fhevalueof Code:
s , - ^ h a l l n o t e x c e e . d l 5 0 m n cr ec n
t lct rl o t b e t a k e n l e s s t h a n l 0 0 m m .
1, Threshold torslon: For Nonprestressedmembers, it shall be permifted
to
Where: neglecttorsioneffectsif the factorecitorsronalmoment I ,,is lessthan:
A r h = c r o s s - s e c t i u naar e l a o f i - s t r u c t u r anl r c r r r b c rn r c l s u I c dO u t - t o - o u to f
t r a n s v e r sr:e t n l o r cme c n t ,m m ' 1 - A
A . r r = t o t a l c r o s s - s e c t i o n a rl e a o f t r a n s v ( j r s er e i n f o r c e m e n (t i n c l u d i n g T u < - o ,'i f i ' '
1 2 l P r
c r o s s t i e sw)i t h i ns p a c i n gs a n dp e r p e n d i c u l at ro d i m e n s r ohn.
yielCstrengthof transversereinforcernent, '
fvh= specified MPa
h. = cioss-sectional dimensionof column core measuredcenter-to-centerof 2, Torslonal moment strength: The adequacyof solid sectionsunder combined
outer legsof the transversereinforcementcomprisingareaAsh,mm, shearand torsionshall be such that:
hr = maximumhorizontalspacingof hoop or crosstielegs on all faces of

I
I
,l
column,mm
s = spacingoftransversereinforcementmeasuredalongthe Iongitudinalaxis
of the structuralmember,mm
='[#.;r.]
r l
where T, exceedsthe threshold torsion,designof cross-sectionshall be
based
Situation 10 - The girderAB shown in the Figure is subjectedto toi'sionalmoment on:
'fhe
from the loadson the cantileverframe. following factored forces are gTnzT"
comPutedfromthis beam: -li-lt-rl
)a A f
Factoredmoment,Mu = 4a0 kN-m 1n = se1g
V, = 280 kN
f.;:tored shear,
,j, FactoredtorQue, Tu = 180 kr"l-m
:l
whereAoshallbe determined by analysisexceprthatit shaltbe permittedto take
il The girder hasa width of Aoequalto 0.85Aorr;0 shallnot be takensmallerthan30 degrees nor largerthan
ii 400 mnr and an overall
60 degrees.
lt shallbe perrnittedto take0 equalto:
il' depth of 50C nlm.
(a) a5 degrees.fornonprestressed
membersor memberswith lessprestress
Concrete,coveris 40 mm.
iI
,l The centroid of thanin (b);or
longitudinal bars of the
il'r
* , 1l
girder are Placed65 mm [b) 37.5degreesfor prestressed
' not
memberswith an effectiveprestressforce
the extreme tlrap.4Opercent of the tensile strengthof the longitudinal
it' from
concrete fibers' Concrete l - _ t _ t
-les9
retntorcemenL
t
$$i, m l.5 m ,{
strenglh f,=20.7 MPa l-2.) J(
f,l
and steel yield strength for longitudinal bars is fv = 415 MPa. Use 12 mm U-
4, The additlonalareabf longrludlnalreinforcement
to resijt torsion,Ar,shallnot be
$t,
stirruos with fyr= 275 MPa. Allowable shear stress in concreteis 0.76 MPa.
lessthan:
$lt,l,
il
ii
H,:
Hi
28. Deternrinetlrerequiredaiea of tension reinforcement of the girder, in mmz.
A. 4,1,54
B: 2,732 .,
29. Determinethespacing9f transversereinforcement due to Vu.
L. J.O/J

D. 3,313
Ar,=
*;.[*J.""'
Fll ..
. r A . . . , 1 3 2 l' l' r - r y . . C. 98 nrm
EXi,ll
91, :' B . 1 6 7m n r D. 185mm
i1;,: 30. Determinetheadditionalarea of lorrgitudinalreinforcementto resist torsion,
gt: in mm?,.
ffil i c.. 2,650
ffiiil|,
,' ,
D. 4,1,20
ffllll',,
Itii:lil, "
fr{ili
 Structural Engineering
84 November2Ol1 and Construction Civil Engineering ReferenceVol. 3 g5
6. Whcre torsional reinforcenrcnt is roqurred, tlre ntininrunt total area of
- _
l o n g i t u d i n a lt o r s i o n a lr e t n f o r c e r n e n tA
, , , , , ,s, h, a l l b e c 6 r ; p u t e d b y : ffi solution,
'.ti -
s,[i;'n
I
iA, I
I ) r ,. i- Situation 1
lu \ s I
) i\

w h e r e A t / s s h a l l n o t b e t a k e n l e s s t h a n ( 1 / 6 ) b , . / f , , ; f l r r e f e r st o c l o s e d
t r a n s v e r s e t o l s i o n a l r e i n f o r c e m e n t , and f, refers to longitudinal torsional
reinforcement.

Spacing of torsion reinforcement: The spacing of transverse torsion

reinforcement shallnot exceedthe smallerof pi /B or 300 mrn.
The longitudinalreinforcementrequiredfor torsion shall be distributedaround
the perimeterof the closedstirrups with a maxinrumspacingof 300 mm. The
longitudinalbars or tendonsshall be insidethe srirrups.There shall be at least
o n e l o n g i t u d i n abl a r o r t e n d o ni n e a c h6 6 1 n s .o f t h e s t i r r u p s .L o n g i t u d i n abl a r s
s h a l lh a v ea d i a n r e t ear t l e a s i0 . 0 4 2t i m e st h e s t i r r u ps p a c r n gb, u t n o t l e s st h a n a
N o .10 .

Whr'",'
A.p -rr"r enclosedby outsideperimeterof concretecl osssection,1.'n2 s i n c et h e p u r r e yr : :f r i c t i . n l e s st ,h e t e n s i o n sa t s r a c r.i. n dt i g h t s i d e sa r e
equal
AI -totalareaof longitudinalreinforcementto resisttor siun,mmz f=vy'=30kN
Ao -grossareaenclosedby shearflow path,mmz Byinspection,n=30o
Aoh -area enclosed by centeriine of the outermost closed transverse torsional
reinforcement, mrn2 a = 2 s e c3 0 " = 2 . 3 0 9m d = 4 t a n 3 0 ' = 2 . 3 0 9m
At -areaof one leg of a closedstirrup iesistingtorsion within spacings, nm2 Consideringthe FBDof the boom:
fvt - specifiedyield strengthfy of transversereinforcement,MPa
lMa=0 T.sin60"xa+Txd=Tx4
P.p -outsideperimeter of concretecrosssection,mm, -..:' . .
T. = 25.319 kN Gs r':I l
p h -perimeter of centerline of outermost closed transverse torsional
reinforcement,mm IFr=0 Br:Tccos30"+T
B r = 5 1 . 9 6 2k N r \ , r , . ) ; ' ^ ;

i:'
i , t,
AnswerXy
+*i ENDrrr
lFv=0 Bv=T-T"sin30o
B v= 1 7 , 3 2 1 k N

$.' 1 D 6A 118 16c 21o 26C R,=.fisisiTfi1i7Ir;,

:.i
I 2 B 7S 12C 17D 22D 27D Ra= 54.772kN
l. l 3A 8C 130 180 23A: 28D
! 4A on 19A .24C' "29A f,l Sltuatlon 2
fi,' 5 B 10A r)L zos 25c:: 3cB P=148kN
{i,i
Part 1: Bearing stress between the pin and strut:
:t.r::.ii:",:. .. ,;,. Bearing area; Ap = I x (Dprn)(ttrutJ
"i , t&4i;.."8,r r. -i^.,

,ir:':.,.,i:- : .:-,.'. :,i.1 Ap=l;(16X10)

li,, ,,
.'i. ,r'..,r, . .
'" ;,,9. Ap = Jf,S 662
1.; : r' . ,:,"
r 11.'- 1 ,., ,.":

lll
II
i[
I
S t r u c t u r a lE n g i n e e r i n g
86 November2011 and Construction Civil Engineering ReferenceVol. 3 87
. l) I4tJ,()00 S t r e s sd u e t o [ ) a l o n e :
I t r
A .t'20 . I' M ,, , c f _ 30 0 0 0:ixl0"(i50)
l l * - - _ - r , 1- -

l,=46'2.5MPzr
A I 554177 59.901x10"
f : = 1 . 2 9 3M I ) a

P a r t 2 : S h e a l i r r gs t r e s s i n p i r r : I d t . r u b l cs h e a r ' ) S t r e s sd u e t o I a ' . e r a l o a d l l a l o n e
S h e a r i n g a r e a , A u =2 x + ( 1 6 ) r = 4 0 2 . 1 2 r n n r : : . M , c, .. 133,IU'(15U)
It=-----::
Shear force, Pv= P = 148 kN I 59.901x10'
f : = - 3 . 3 8 1M P a
p 148,000
f, = -!-
,
IV: --

4., 402.724 Part 1:

. Maximumbasestres.sdue to P:
f " = 3 , i 8 . 0 5M P a
f."* = -0.081- 1..293= -l.37 4 NIPa

Part 3: Shearingstressin the bolts: Part 2:

, ' = a ' f ( 1 6 ) ,= 8 0 4 . 2 4 8m m :
S h e a r i n ag r e a A Maximumbasestressdue to lateralload:
S h e a rf o r c e , P v- P c o s3 0 r l f,uo"= -0.081- 3.381 = -3.462 lvlPa
I'v = 148 cos -10'
l ' v= 1 2 8 . 1 7 2
kN Part 3:
Shear,V=fl=450N
p
'u . 128,1,',2 , = 2 i C m m , r = 1 2 5m m
D i a m e t e rD
fu = t! = -

804.248 - .., .. r L\] A(A,\oi

Shear stress, -- lu = -j; "fu = --!ii-
f" = 159.4MPa 3nr, 3n{L2S),
f, = 0.012 MPa
.
./." :).: t .. .,
g-! situation 3 .

Parts I and ll: EtrSltuatlon4

Outer diameter,Do= 300 mm
. lnner diameter,Dr- 2BBmm

Area,A = I 1:OO,- 2BB2)= S,S4L77 mmz

;---T
Momg{r!of iilertia,I = -1 (3004- 2884)= 59.901 x lQ6 61,11 A.-*
64' 3 = t
l5 ',1
'Mottient
due to'P, Mp = p x e = 3 x 0.1 = 0.3 kN-m
M g m e l t q t b S s g d u et o l l , M n = H . L = 0 . 4 5 x 3 = 1 . 3 5k i r - - n r
W = w " L = 15C' 3 = 450N
W"igry,S{Cqlumn,
StresSdue to column weight alone:
Lt
- -
450
f1 =-
5541.77
tl. fr'- -0.081MPa

!.rr',"i'
'ir:irl ' ,
1,1
'$,i,,, .,,$'
, . ; ' . . . . . ) t ,

'fll rl,.;'j^i'"

Hililllilllill
 Structural Englneerlng
88 November2011 and Construction Clvll Engineering ReferenceVol. 3
89
wr = 0.5[1.44)(6) w l = 0 . 4 (1 4 4 ) ( 6 )
wr = 4.32kN/nr w a = 3 . 4 . 5 6k N / n r
0 : arctln (2/6)
(l= 18.43s"

t-i Sltuatlon5

, l/.: kN/mr
1/3

' p , r " ,= 9 . 8k N / m '

Fr=wrx4=27.6.i8kN
Spacirrg,L=3m
F2: w2 x 6.325= 5.46,4kN F3: w3 x 6.325 = 27.322kN. T e n s i o nr o d
Fz,= Fzsin 0 = 1.728kN F:, = Fi sin 0 = 8.64 kN
Fzy= Pr cos0 = 5.184kN F:y= 5, cos0 = 25.92kN
<r,,,nn",
I
Fc:wrx4=13.824kN
,,1,"T? Fz 2 . 7m

trMe=0 Fr(2)+ Fr(2)+ Fr"(5)= B"(12)+Fz"(5)+Fzy{3)+ Fry(9)

27.648(2)+ L3.82a{l + 8.64{5)= 12Bv+ t.ZZg(S)
+ 5.184(3J+ 25.92(9) '
Yl
TJ I J
.: ,
By= -10.944kN (downward)

EFv=0 Au+Bv+F2y+F3y=Q
Au-;20.16kN (dovVnward)' t -.., : .,

w (kN/m)

E e a md i a g r a m

ruililllillll
 Structural Engineering
90 November2011 and Construction Civil Engineering ReferenceVol. 3 91
I ' t = l z K . , | , , , , lr l : x l . l ; r ' Y , ( l / - l ) t 17 3 ) [ 5 . l ) : ( . J )
S t r e s sd u e t o e c c e n t n cp o s i t i o no l P , ; f 1 ,=" t ! ! 9
l ; r - - 2 5 2 2 . 1 4k N bh-
y t = ( ' 2 I + : : i . . | ) / : -t I f J t t t
=
f p , 1 0 . 0 2 2 5 e ( - ) f o r t o y rf i b e r

F t = t / z \ * . , , , , 1 1x2 l '
l ' t = Y t ( ' ) . t l ) ( ' 2 . 7 | :-'\
l j : = 1 0 7 . I6 3 k N f,, = r !I
Stressdue to nronre:rt, (+) fof tolr f iber
yt=2.7/3=09nr bh'

IMpin=0 T(2.7)+l'tY,= n, Y' P a r t 1 : S t r e s si n b o t t o mf i b e r a t t h e f r e ee n d o f t h e b e a m

'l' = whene=0
1 , 7 02 7 4 k N

= -2,25 MPa
SinceM = 0 at the free end, fr,ur
F r o m t h e b e a md i a g r a ms h o w n :
R = T / 2 = 8 5 . 1 3 7k N (uniform in the entire crosssection)
R = wL/2
tv = 2R/L Part 2: Stressin top fiber at fixed end when e = 100 rnm:
w = 2{8s.137)/3 M = 1 9 4 . 4k N - m
w = 5 6 . 7 5 8k N / n r - . U 2 2 5 ,,' 6 M
l r a .= - 1 . ' 2 5 0
bh.
,.,rr an751r1:,1)
M,,,,,- "" M,,,,. ru,,=-2.25
- oozzs(loo).!!f111q)
u B 400(600)'
1 1 , " .=, "6 3 . 8 5 3 k : J - m ftoP= +3'6 Ptt"

Vn,a"=R=85.137kN Pait 3: Valueof"e" suchthat the stressin the top fiber at fixed end is zero:
!I
r , ( 6 3 . 8 5 3 x 1 0 " -) f'oP= -2 25- g 9225" *
6N1
fl= = fo 14.7
bd' b(3oor 6(194 4x 1o)
b = ?89,6m o = -2.2s- o.oz2se+
400(600)'
3V 3 ( B s ' 1 3 7_). . 4 8
fu= <F, ,e=260mm
zbd 2b(300)
b - 2 8 7 . 6m m
L-{ Situation 7
Unit weight of cbncrete,y. = 24 kN/m3
Dead load pressure= 3.2kPa
t! Situation 6
='1. x bh
1r1rp w o = 2 0x ( 0 . 4 X 0 . 6 ) .Liveload pressure= 3.6 kPa
w u= 4 . 8k N / m
Weighi of beam:
Moment at fixed end; M = 18(6) + 4.8(6)t3) ''p6 =
fi Ac wb = 24(0.4X0.6)
1 4= 1 9 4 . 4k N - m '
wr, = 5.76 kN/m

Axial stress due to prestressingforce, f,,,,= - 5 Wcight of slab:

tlh
P. = Yc! '
ps= 24(0.1)
c'0"-- - 5 4 0 , 0 0 0 ps= 2.4 kpa
4ofr6oo) ^. ." .1
fpa= -2.25 MPa , .|: : .'
;.-,'r-' - l i r . : : . ' . 1

: .:..' . J

milililil1iilil
 :,r-ii;r:)i :::tt t...., : 1
7

Structural Englneering
92 November 2011 and Constructidn Clvil Engineering ReferenceVol. 3
93
l " a c t o l e t l f l t . r o rp r e s s u t - t : l* Sltuatlon B
p , , 1 . 4 (l 2 + 2 4 ) ' I 7 ( : i t ' ) D e a dl o a dp r e s s u r e= 7 2 0 P a
u , . - l . ] . ( ) ( 'k l ' . t L i v el o a dp r e s s u r e= 1 0 0 0P a
W i n d = 1 4 0 0P a
L t l r r r v a l c n lt o . t r lo n b e i t m d u c t o l . r L t o r e dp l t ' s s L l r c : B e a mw e i g h t= 7 9 N / n r
l , \/ F r ,=
x 207 MPa
= t?..ll
uy,,, 3-l I I x t * , , - ( l l J , 1 ) ( 3l' ),7 l15' ,' , x t Ft'v= 207 MPa
6 L \r.l ' 6
r
w " r = 3 9 . 6 4 6k N / m 0 = a r c t a n( 1 / 4 )
0 = 14.036"
I'otal factoreduniformload (includingbeamweight)
w , = 1 . a [ 5 . 7 6+) 3 9 . 6 4 6
w"=47.71kN/m ) Part1 Wind coefficient:
W i n d w a r dc o e f f i c i e n=t 0 . 2
Leevrardcoefficient= -0.6
w ' = 4 7 . 7 1k N / m
D e a dl o a d wo=72011.2)+79
wo = 943N/m

L i v el o a d ; w L= 1 0 0 0 ( 1 . 2 )
w r .- 1 2 0 0N / m

Wind: w*" = 1400(1.2)(0,2)

w** = 336 N/m

w'* = 1400(1.2)(-0.6)
w r * = - 1 0 0 8N / m

Part 1: Due to deadand live load onlv

wN = (wD + wL) cos 3 y,'p= (943 + 120C)cos 14.036o
wr,r= 2079.015N/m

r"t = (wo + wL) sin 0 ',1yx = (943 + 1200) sin 14.036"

w r l = 5 1 9 . 7 5 4N / m

*"=S rr _ 2079.015(5)2
I
M x= 9 . 3 5 6k N - m

. M 9.356x106
$ii.'..'...'.i.'.::..l:.'-.::.;.,...'.' lbx- - "
lbx= -
5 . 1 9 x1 0 "
ili : *1....a.1p:i-aj;i,**:
,., f r " = 1 5 1 . 1 4M P a
ili; .... : ...* .i":;-.^-:*.., ,:
;*"r.*.":r..' .,-*

ffiii"',,,', t
-,i''',i:is:ffi*$i.4t:,frffifl''.{
"
"*-.--..,.
., i.i -'
irlf:la: dir
 ' a , .
' : f !
. : ' : ; |

Structural Engineering
94 November2011 and Construction Ciljl Entineering ReferenceVol. 3 95
w.l; l . I S i 1 u " r ' o nO
M y = n , _ 5 1 9 . 7 - 5 4 )( t '
- - b . = 4 0 ( )r r r n r
d 8
h : 6 0 t )n r r n
M'=23.19 l<N-rrr
f. = 2l Mi';r
'2.33')
. M " v.10'
- S , Reduction
l a (t o t
l . 3 Bx 1 0 '
f b "= 1 b 9 . 4 B SM P a

Part 3: Dead + Live + Wind on windward side

y y n r= Q . / g ( r a r x+ w * * J w u z = 0 . 7 5 ( 2 0 79 . 0 1 5 + 3 3 6 )
w r u =z 1 8 11 . 2 6 2l 1 / m

wrz = O.75(wr) i v r z= 0 . 7 5 ( 5 1 9 . 7 5 4 )
w r z = 3 8 9 . 8 1 5N / m

w,,,1,' ^, _ 1811262(r'|
lvlr = -
B B 1)mnA
M "= B . 1 5 1 k N - n t e e p t h ,d = 6 0 0 - 4 0 - t 2 - 0 . 5 ( Z 5 J
E f f e c t i vd
[ffnrtlys depth,d = 535.5mm
- Mj . - 8.151x10"
-
tb*= fL_=

s, 6 . 19 x 10 a .tr11{p.}.ipar strength provided by ccncrere,Vc= Fu.b. d

=
f i , 1 3 1 . 6 7 5M P a E .-Sliearstrengtirprovidedby concrere,V. = 0.816(400)(535.5)
.Sbearstrengthprovidedby concrete,V. = 174.787kN
W"L' . l
, '-'u' P
i "i,r t
M,, = M,,_ 389.B1s(6)'/ 1:
8 . B
, "*.r' V, = 375 kN , . .
My= 1.754kN-m . r - . . . ; ! - : r i
. .

, . . 1 ,V, " ! V . + V . V"=174J87+375

' n; r* " ' V,,= 549.787kN
- M' - L.754xlO" 'i: "..
tor={ Ibx= -
1 . 3 8 x1 0 " -, V,-QV,r v,=0.8si549.797)
= ! ? - 1 I..r] :.::, . -, ., V" = 467.319kN
i u x : 1 2 7 . 1 . 1M4P a
r'1I !{ '
i ./':, 17 \' ,
'r".l'L_'i
-5. ' 12L675
t ' l * - '

.:;.,..,
t
= . +
',
* t77-ff4 = t.zs
'. i.F* Fo, ^'f zvt ".'
. 'r.l .tt;:tl,:;.
1,.,.. I . '
'.:.; il "; t{.+r;i;rt;ti.i;
i , ; .. t.:tt
).,....
{,,
= 174,787'+
V,.r 3
V* = 509.906kN

i;,4;;"..
.:
:+;;r1:rr;i tii

4.i
'

Eililillillllt
 S t r u c t u r a lE n g i n e e r i n g
ClvllEnglneeringReferenceVol' 3 97
96
-
November2011 and Constructiotr
-
fJ Sltuatlon 1C
Part ll: M u= 4 4 0 k N - m c o v e r= 4 0 n r m
V , ,- 4 0 0 k N V" = 280kN f , = 2 0 . 7M P a
v . . , 1 0 0 1 74 7 t l ' . l =
T , 1 8 0k N - m f r ' =4 1 5 M P a
V. - V', V,
v . 2 2 52 1 1 k N b = 4 0 0m m f ' r= 2 7 5 M P a
=
h 500mm B a r d i a r n e t e rd, r = 1 2 m n r
=
A,,f,d .J.Je.2e(4ls)(sr5.s) A l l o w a b l es h e a rs t r e s si n c o n c r e t eF, " ' 0 ' 7 6 M P a
s- '2'25,213
-
EffectivedePth,d = 500 65 = 435 mm
s = 3 3 4 . 8n t t n
Pari 1:
R u q u i r e m e n tfso r S e i s n r i D
c esign: lvi"= 440kN-m
o . 8 5 'f 0
' ', 6 0 o 0Bs(20.7)(u.8s)(600)
4 . , , =( 6 0 0 - l x 4 0 ) ( 4 0 0- 2 ' 4 0 ) = 1 6 6 , 4 0 m
0 mz nL = Pt= --;tt1ffilaf1-
A c = 6 0 0 " 4 0 0 = 2 4 0 , 0 0 0m m z f, (600 + f, )
Asrr= 3 x + (12), = 339.29mmr p u= 0 . 0 2 1 3
h . = 4 0 0- 2 [ 4 0 )- 1 2 = 3 0 8 n t n r
pma*=0.75Pu=001598
s l 3' :0 8 ) {I 2) f 2 4 0 , 0 0 0r I
=o.3tJ-l* t ,|
n.,, '3': ."| 9"2-9"=- ( 1 . . t I-
4 1 s \ t o o , + o o)
u t n , , ,4=
t',
=0.3203
)
" f . t o ( 1 '- 0 , 5 9 r ' r )
R nm a = R nm a=x 2 0 7 [ 0 3 2 0 3 X 1- 0 ' 5 9 ( 03 2 0 3 ) ]
s = 164 mnt
Iin-n" = 5.378MPa

thJ-' . st30B)(211 M nm a=x 5 , 3 7 8 ( 4 0 0 ) [ 4 3 5 ] 2

4.n = g.g9 33().29= 0.09_:--_::- Mnmax=Rnrgbd2
M nm a=* 4 0 7 k N - m
' s=242mm
= 366'3?
$ Mn.".= 0.90(a07)

Minimumrequirement according 5'2t'4'42:

to Section
: :
a) b/4 = 100mm
b) 6(25)= 150mm Mr1 = Q Mnmax= 407 kN'm
3 5 0- h .
+
cJ IUU+

+ 1/z(25)
h,' !z(600- 2' 40)- 1/'z(12) + lz(12) :
h,=272.5 m m ';. ,t, ,' Tension stLel area,As = {s1 t As2
-3-5- 0- 'h-.- = 1 2 6
100+ mm fu1 = pruxbd A , r= 0 . 0 1 5 9 8 ( 4 0 0 ) ( 4 3 5 1
3 A,r= 2,780mmz

uses = 100 mm
Therefore, = Tz (d - d)
I,v.luz 73.678x 106= Asr(415X435- 55)
A s z= 5 3 3m m :
|,.r" ,r,|!

-: .rra l
.. .gi,1
. ,. ,.:jX'";
,'.-.:t.: i.S!
' r i'i'i; l$s

Eillllillllllll
 Structu ral Engineering
98 N o v e m b e r2 O l 1 and Construction Clvil Engineering ReferenceVol. 3
99
P a r t2 : MATHEMATICS,
SURVIYINC& TRANSPO.ENGINEERINC
v , ,, . 2 u 0k N
M A Y2 O T 2
A , , 2 , i ( t ' z ) . , =2 t 6 . ' 2 n l j t :
., ztl0 1. X a n d Y a r e i n v e r s e l yp r o p o r t r o n a lw i t h e a c h . t l r r . r . G i v e n t h a t x = 1 5 . 0 0 0
(p 0 ti5 w h e n Y = 1 6 2 , 5 0 0 . f - i n d. ( w h e n Y = 3 2 8 , 4 0 0 .
A. 7,422.35 c . 7, B + 9 . 5 6
V . = 3 2 t )4 1 2 k N
B, 6,567,45 D.8,956.32
V, = F". b",tl V.= 0.76(4001(a3s)
V . = 1 3 22 4 k N 2. T h e s u m o f s e v e nc o n s e c u t i vi en t e g e r si s z e r o , w h a t i s t h e s m a l l e s itn t e g e r ?
A. '4 c. -3
V.=Vu-V. Y ' - 3 2 9 . 4 7 2- 1 3 2 . 2 4
-,^ r= B. -1 D. -2
V . = i 9 7 i 7 k N < 1 / 3J f ' b " d
A f , l 3' T h e s u m a n d p r o d u c t o f t h r e e d i s t i n c t p o s i t i v e i n t e g e r sa r e 1 5 a n d 4 5 ,
^ _ 226.2(27s)(43s)
respectively.What is the largestinteger?
197,170
s = 1 3 7 . 2m m
4"5 L , j . J
iB.t g D . 7
M a x i m u r ns p a c i n g(:d / 2 = 2 1 7 5 m m ) u r 6 0 0 n r n r 4, What is the curved surfacearea of a sphericaisegment(with two bases)if the
'[ d i a m e t e r so f t h e b a s e s ,w h i c h a r e 2 5 c n r a p a r r ,a r e 1 0 0 c m a n d f i O c m .
h e r e i o r e.,s= 1 3 7 m n r
respecti,-'ly?
Part 3: A. L1,,67a,43 cmz c. L3,783?4 .mz
r / r \ B. 10,567.93 cmz u. ta,5t6./Jcml
A r= a p r , l A l c o t z O
s ' l f , J fil
*- |
5' The area of a park on a map is 500 mmz. If the scaleof the map is 1 to 40,0rJ0
-- |el ' , o ol)-
6 <) determinethe true areaofthe park in hectares(1 hectare= 104mz).
0=45" -- 0 -
x=400-46x2=30Bmm . - oc2 s o ,.A. 40 c. 160
y=500-46x2=4OB
, \
s , a ', ,il to D .1 2 0
: ) o , ,
- Aoh= X/ = 308{a08)= 125,664 , c
Ao= 0.85Aol= 1Q6,814 mm? a)
Fzn/3
O a.C 6. Evaluate
theintegral:I cs." cotxcix.
Pr'= 2(x + YJ= 1432mm a au ' ( D :
-o o
J*
,4, 1 c.L/z
T 1@o D.-1
Tr,= = 189 =21'1.77.kN-m
o 0.85 V
generalsolutionof thefollowlngdifferentialequation:
7. .Fir!{"yhe
24",
2 A oA f
core 2lt:17x 100= 4106'314)AJ275)cot4so (1 s* + f,21s-l C , y = C t e . ^+ C z e - *
s '{';:r:
" ' 'b:''i = cr e*' + czxei
.: . , , r , , t , . . . r ; r 1 , ; l - ,.:.:..: S :- -., ,. ....
A
"t = 3.605mm " (D)V=Cre'"+Czet
. s
Sltuatlon 1 - Ohm'slaw stacesthat the currentflowingin a fixedresistoris direcrly l
ProDortional to the appliedvoltage.When30 volts is appliedacrossa resistor I
the currentflowingthrough.theresistorls 2,4 x 10-ramperes.Determineth3 II
!,;l , , . , . : - ,f o l l o w i n g : . . .-..;. ,..:.. : , r . t. . .
il' r . l
.^'i
1,:i' t - ' "
] "
t . i
. . . , . 1
. l
l

i, l:r ', : l l
lr

ruililillllilt
 structuralinsin:ilff CivilEnlineeringReference
Vol.3
176 May 20'12 177
1 1 L-i-.1 r1..,,i,. ' ,^.,,., ,,,,.1. il..r '1..,,.,..,.-....-
t l Jll( ll tll(1t Lll( t('li\l(rll lll )lr)llllt llL /1I) ()l lllr' ( rllllt' lS (lOLlAl (o
r' ,\ 2.ll-nt (ilrllilr'vrt ltt',ltll,.trltt's I t l l l t l { , 1 ' n l l yt l t s t t t h t t t l L l t r r ' r t l t l l I { ) k N / n l
J(t k\ rl,l ll(llnt 2 n)t'tCrs
t h a ti n s e g n t e n[ 3t (
1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 g 1 r1tos1l 1e 1r r t t l r . r n r l . , , ( , t ) r r , l l l l . t t r ' lt ol . r t i " l
A. 9nr (. l2 nr
trottt thc fixctl ond. Wh;rt is the hentittlglllolllollt,rt the lixcclerldl
B . 1 0r r r l) IIrn
t \ ( )l . Jl < N - r n ( i 2.lt)k\-rl
( l ( 1 . 2k N - n r 1 1 . C a l c u l ; r t teh e t e n s i o n l n l c g n l { , n tl l ( . r t , l i r nx r = 5 r n
B . 7 6 . 7l < N - t t t I)
A , 2 0 65 6 k N c 1 6 5 . 4k3N
B 1749kN D 1 8 7 . 9k2N
7 A 1 2 - n rl o n g b e a n ri s s i n t p l ys u p p o r t e da t t h e l e i t e n d a n d a t 3 n t f r o n rt l t c r i g h t
x 1= g r . n ?
1 3 , W h a t i s t h e t o t a ll e n g t ho f t h e c a b l ev , r h s n
e n c l .T h e b e a mw i l l b e s u b l e c t e tdo a u n i f o r m l yd i s t r i b u t e dm o v i n gl o a d W h a t
A . .2 0 . 1 m
3 C . 2 1 . 1 2m
t o t a l l e n g t h o f t h i s b e a mm u s t b e s u b i e c t e dt o t h i s I o a dt o p r o d u c em a x i m u m
B. 20.76 m D . 1 9 . 7 6m
n e g a t i v em 0 m e n ta t m t d s p a n ?
A. 9m C . 7 . 5m
B.3m l). 4.5nr S i t u a t i o n 3 * T h t ' l . B - n t - d i a n i rc t e
c i r c u l apr l a t es h o w ni s s u p p o r t e d
b y e q u a l l ls,p a c e d p 6 s t sa l o n gi t s
S i t u a t i o n 1 - T h e h o o k i s s u b j e ' c t etdo t h r e e c r r c u m f e r e n cAe ,l o a d P = 1 1 5 0
f o r c e sP , Q a n d S a s s h o w n . P = 3 5 k N kNisplaced a t a d i s t a n cxe = 0 . 4 5
andQ=45P1t1 m f r o n rp o s tA ,
B. Determinethe angle tt such that the 1 4 . N e g l e c t i nt hgew e i g h o t f r h e; . r, t e ,
r e s u h . n t o f t h e t h r e e f o r c e si s B 0 k N w h a ti s t i , er e a c t i oant p o s tA ?
acting horizontallyto the right,
<+ A. 834.2kft
A. 22.85' P=35kN ' 'rl. \ B. 766.7kN
B. 21.78' -'\\--' - c . 1 9 1 . 7k N
c. 24.98" D . 1 9 4 . 6k N
D. 23.12" 1 5 . N e g l e c t i nt hgew e i g h o t f t h ep l a t e ,
Q=45kN
9. I f a n g l ed : 6 0 0 ,f i n d t h e m a g n i t u doef whatis thereactionat post8?
the forceSsuchthattheresultant forcets horizontal to the rrght A. 766,.7 kN
A. 48 KN c. 42kN B . 3 3 4 . 2k N
B , 5 1K N D. 45kN c. 194.6kN
10. Findthe magnitude of theforceSsuchthatthe threeforcesarein equilibrium, D . 1 9 1 . 7k N
A , 4 3 . 8 7k N c . 4 5 . 9 8k N 15. Considering the weightof the plate,whatis the reactionat C.?The plateis 45
B. 40.93kN D . 3 8 . 6 5k N mqthick andtheunit weightof steelis 77 kN/mi.
A.j 194.6kN c. 834.2
kN
B. 191.7 kN D. 766.7
kN
Situation2 - The horizontaldistance
from A ?t one end of the river to
frameC at the otherend is 20 m. Situaiion4 - A billboard3 m highby 4 m wideis supported as shownin the Figure.
s l o a do f W = 5 0
T h ec a b l ec a r r i e a Thetotalweightof the billboardis 30 kr'|.H = 1,5m,0 = 60,.
kN. The sag "d" of the cableis I Windpressure, Q= 1.6kPa
m. Windpressure c = 1.0
coefficient,
 StructuralEngineering
178 May 2012 anCConstruction Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3 179
l 7 ' l ' h t ' h o r i z . o n t t; o r lr n ; t o n r r rotl 2 5 . l f t h e a l l o w l b l et e n s r l es t r t ' s .rsn t h e w a l l i s 1 2 4 M P a ,t o w h a t v a l u en r : r yt h e g a s
t h c | t ' t t t t t O n ;Ar tt s n e ; t r . r sI 0t : p r e s s u r cb e i r r c r e a s c d ' i
, \ 1 ( )5 4 k N
A, 3.765 i\,1 Pa C 4 .1 2 3M t ' a
lJ 21tl()liN
B. 2 87,1i\.{t):r l) .l -197Ml,a
( . I ( r . . 1 k8 N
g
D 1 2 4 . 5k N
o
l f l . W l r i r ti s t h t a x r . rsl t r r , s sl n s t r . l , i t ;-- S i t u a t i o n7 * ' l ' h e s o l i dp o l es h c w n i n t h e f i g u r ei s I
BC whose cross-sectional e=l00mmr
I o a d e dw i t h a v e r t i c a ll o a d P = 3 k N a n d
dinrension is6 mnr , 76 nrnt. l a t e r a ll o a d r l = 0 . 4 5 k N . l ' h e p o l e i s 3 m I

A . 9 4 . 1M P a i ;
h i g h , 2 8 0 m m c l i a n r e t ea r nd weighs 22 H = 0.45kN
B, 873 MPa
kN/mt
C 7 6 . 5M P A 26. Whaf is the maxintum conrpressivestress
D 1 0 2 . 6M P a
at the base?
19. If the strut AB were replaced
A . 0 , 7 5M P a
h y a 1 6 m m o s t c c ic a b l t :d, e t e r n r r n tel i e n o r m a ls t r e s s( i n M p a ) i n t h e c a b l e
B . 0 . B BM P a
A 8 6 , 5M P A y = 22N/ml
C. 96 3 MPa i. oostrrp,
B . 9 0 . 1M P i r I ) . 9 9 . 1M P a D . 0 , 5 2M P a
2 7 . W h a ti s t h e n i a x i m u m
t e n s i l es t r e s sa t t h e
Situation 5 - A girdel weighing lB
base?
A . 0 . B BM P a
kN/m is suspended on a
parabolic cabte by a series of
B. 0,52lviPa
equallyspacedvertical hanger.
C. 0.75l/Pa
T h e l e n g t ho f t h e b e a mi s Z 4 m
{g O.oS
ura
and the sag of the cableis 3 m.
28. Whatis the maximum shearing
stressin thepole?
20. What is the vertical component A . . 0 . 0 0 9 7M P a C . 0 . 0 i 3 2M P a
g.' O.OOS+ tutPa D . 0 , 0 1 i 5M P a
o f t h e r e a c t i o na t , t ?
A. 240 kN c. 216kN
B. 250 kN D. 275kN Situatlon8 - The.barge
21. Whatis thetensionin the cableat thecent4r?
shown in the figure
A . 4 8 7k N c . ) 4 3 2k N
supportsthe load wr
B . 4 1 2k N D . 5 2 1k N
22. lf theallowable and wz. for this
cabletensionis 360kN,whatis therninimumsag?
problem; wl = 145
A.'+,sm c,5m kN/ni, wz = 29C
B . 3 . 5m D . 5 . 5m kN/m,Lr=3m,Lz=6
m.Lg=3m.
situation6 - Steeltankwith an outsidediameterof 600mm hasa wall thickness
of B
mm.Thetankis usedasstorageof gasundera pressure of 2.2 Mpa.
23. Determine thevalueof thetangentialstressin thetankwall.
A. 83.2MPa c . 8 9 . 4M F a
p"lao.rurt 29.
D . 9 0 , 2M P a
24, Determine thevalueofthelongitudinal
stressin thetankwalL ;
, .A. 38.5MPa 30.
.1Mpa
, . F.'-:4-
 StructuralEngineering
180 May 2012 and Construction CivilEngineering
Reference
Vol.3 181
J L n t w h a t r l i s t a n c cl r , n r t h c l t , tf r . t i r v i l lt h c s h t ' , r irn t h c i r a r . cbet :z o r r r S l t u a t i o n1 1 - T h e r r u s s e d
A. 4rn C. 5nr b e a ms h o w n r s 5 . 4 r n
l l 5 . 5n r I) 45rrr long. A rnan ol
weight 'W"
rs
standing at tho
s i t u a t i o n 9 - A c o n c r e t tp : a d s L r p p o r t rs! ' v oi ( ) a ( ld i s t r i b u t c dl o ; r d so f I l 2 k N / m a s I
m i d d l eo f t h e b e a r r r .
s h o w n i n t h e f i g u r e .I t r e q u i r e dt o d e t e r n r i n et h e n r a x i r r u nst h e a ra n d m o m e n t 0 , 9m
N e g l e ctth e w e i g h ro f r
i n t h e p a d d u e t o t h e s el o ; , d s . thebeam, +-- - 2 . 7 n - -- -)<]- 2 . 7m t
3 2 . W h a t u n i f o r mb a s ep r e s s u r r".q " i s i n d u c e db y t h e s el o a d s ?
A . 2 4k N / m C. 48kN/m 38. lf the capacity of the rod i s Z k N , w h a t i s t h e s a f e m a x i m u m w e r g h t o f t h e m a n
B . 3 2k N / m D . 4 2k N / m in kg?
3 3 . W h a t i s t h e m a x i m u ms h e a ra c t i n go n t h e c o n c r e t ep a d ? A , 1 3 2k N c . 1 5 6k N
A . 2 4k N c . 3 2k N l.g, tzs klrJ D . 1 8 7K N
B . 4 2k N tl. 48 kN 3 9 . l f f i e m a nw e i g h s8 5 k g ,w h a ti s t h et e n s i l e
s t r e s si n t h e r o d i f i t s d i a m e t eirs
3 4 . W h a t i s t h e m a x i m u mm o m e n to n t h e n a d ? 1 0m m ?
A. 42kN-m C . 3 2k N - m A. 12.89 MPa C . \ 7 , 8 7M P A
B . 2 4k N - m D 4 8K N - M B . 1 4 . 3 5M P a ,D, 16.7M 8 Pa
40. Vihatis thetotallengthofthe r.rcl?
112kN/m
A , 6 . 1 2m C . 5 . 3 4m
. ' 8 . 5 , 6 9n r D . 7.32n'r
C o n ( r e t ep a d

situatlon12 - Thetrussshownin is madefromGuiio100mm x 1s0 mm. Theload

l<;pl<-,,pl=--;; =l=- ,.,.>Ifu>I on thetrussis 20 kN. Neglect
friction.

situation 10 - A 10-m long beam is simply supportedat the left end and at 2 m from
the right end. The beam will be analyzedfor rnaximumshear at the midspan
f ,*'u
that can be inducedby a movingload.
35. What is the ordinateof the influencediagramat the midspan?
A. 0.3 r n ?( 0.75m
ts. 0.45 D. 0.5
36. V,fhatis the ordinateof the inf ucncediag:-:rmat the free end?
A. 0.3
B. 0.45 D. 0.s
37. The beamwill be subjected to a unilormlydistributed movingload.what total
l e n g t ho f t h i s b e a mm u s t b es u b i e c t et do t h i sl o a dt o p r o d u c e
maximum
shear
at the midspan?
A. 4m L. 3 m
8.,6m D. 5 m

''
i.',,'i,t::l

Itiki:,
,,:rli$"t,
i:. ,1 ' r|
 StructuralEngineering
182 May 2012 andconstruction C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n gR e f e r e n c e
V o l .3 183
, \ l l u w , r b l r\ ,l r r , s s r , Is, r r ( , r r r l l
4 5 . D e t e r r n i n tel r c s r [ e v a l r r eo f P b a s o do n t c n s i o no n n o t a r e a
( . o t t t l t r e s s i r t np ; r r l r l l c lt o , l l i l l l l " I I N 1 i " l A . 4 3 9k N c 4 5 3k N
( , o t n p t - t r s s i ollllc r p t ' r i L l i ut l . i r t o l l l J l l l ' 5 \ l l " l B . 4 2 1k N t ) 4 8 6k N
4 6 . D e t urrn i n et l r t ' s ; cr fv a l u co t P b a s r : o
t ln t e n s i o no n b l o c ks h c a r
Sht':rp r . r r ' r l l t lt t r g t ' t i r r- I X l l " t
S h e a rl o r l g i t u r l l n aflo r j r l i n t s= I 4 5 l " lI ' ; r
A . 4 2 3k N c 4 9 5k N
B . 4 6 9k N D . 5 2 1k N
11 D c t e r t n i n t ' t hm v a l u t ' o fx
e trtittltrm
A , 1 8 0m m C 1 6 0r n n r
t s . 1 5 0m m D 1 4 0m n r Situatfon14 - A 6-m long fixed-
4l t l u eo f y i t tn t r ' t '
l ) e t c t ' m i tnheem t n i m u tvt a ended beam carries a
A. 34.9 c. 13.2 uniformlydistributedload
B. 26.8 D i95 o f 2 0 k N / m . U s eE = 2 0 0
4 3 . W h a t i s t h e a x i a ls t r e s so n m e m b e rA C i n M P a ?
G P aa n d I ' = 6 7 . 5 x 1 0 r ,
A. r.26 L. 067 mm4.
B 1.89 D.'278
4 7 . D e t e r m i n et h e m o m e n ta t t h e f i x e de n d .
'fhe iA. -60kN-m C . - 6 5k N - m
p l a t et s B. -55kN-nr D . - 5 0k N - m
S i t u a t i o ni 1 l - T h e l a p j o i n t o f a t e n s i o' fnhmee m L e ri s s h o w n i n t h e f i g u r e
2 5 2m , r w i d e a n d 1 2 n . m t h i c l < , b o l t s a r c 2 0 m m i n d i a m e t e a
r n d t h eholes 4 8 W h a t i s t h e m a x i m u ms h e a ri n t h e b e a m ?
r r 3 6 w i t h F y- - 2 4 8 M P aa n d F , r'4. oot<N
are 3 m m l a r g e rt h a n t h e b o l t d i a m e t e r ' s
. t c c l t s C. o5 kN
= 4 0 0 M P a , l t i s r e q u i r e dt o d e t e r m i n et h u ,c a p a c i t yo f t h e j o i n t b a s e do n g r o s s 3. 55kN. D. 50 kri
area,net area,and block shear. 49. Compute
theverticaldeflection
at the midspan.
A. 4mm t _ C iS m m
8. 7mm D. 6mm

Situdtlbn15 - - A fixedendedbeamhas a span of 10 m and supportsa super

n
\-/
r \-/
\ . \\-/ lmposeduniformlydistributed
loadof 20 kN/m.

E
.\-i \ n\_/ r \./\ E
ilN

c c o ::
,,iij

t-12mm

Propertics of W 450x 70:

A = 8 7 0 0m m z l* = 274.7x 100mma
'of= r5u
lnm .ly- 8.t?.x:r0rniq]l:
trl15mm

44. Determinethe safevalueof P basedon tensionon groqs area' \ l

': -
l'4,.+sottt c. 5ookN , "''" . . - .
'-E: D, 480kN :.t2
420kN '1t,:
la,
 StructuralEngineering
184 May 2012 andConstruction Clvll EnglneeringReferenceVol.3 185
W h a t i s t h e a v r : r ' a gseh e a r i n gs t f e s si n t f r eb e; r r n/
A 2 4 . 3 5MP a (. 2.115Mt'a FlgureNSCP-01
I i 2 ( r . 9 2M P i t i) 19..12 Ml']l
;I l ) t , t t , r ' n r itnhcc ' n t r x i n t r rsnlrr t ' l r r i n: tgr t , : ; isn t h c b e a r r r W h e nK L / r < C .( s h o rct o l u m n )
A , 2 6 . 9 2M P a L 24.i5 Mi'a r,
B. 19.32 MPa I). 23.15li4Pa ,' = i r - t K t , r i l ' - F s= ! * 3 ( x t . / r , _ ( K L l l l '
L 7 C : lrs, 3 8C, 8C.,
WhenKL/r > C.(longcolumn)
Situation 16 - A built-up
tznzE
s e c t i o cno n s i s t i nogf W 3 5 0 F_
'.-'
x 90 with two 12-mm z31Kt
1 r1,
plateswelded to form a
b o x s e c t i o na s s h o w n i n Kieffective lengthfactor K = 0.5for bothendsflxed
F ' i g u rS
e 0 1 . T h es e c t i o n is ,X= 1 for bothendspin K = 0.7for oneendflxedandotherendpin
used as a column 10
m e t e r sl o n g .T h ec o l u m ni s '
Sltuatton17 - A boxcolumnis formedby weldingtwo channelsections at the tip of
f i x e d a t b o t h e n d s ,a n d thelr flanges,The colunir,hasan unsupported
lengthof 4 m andis hingei at
b r a c e da t m i d h e i g hat b o u t (K = 1,0)
both.ends
tt'^ weakaxis(Y-axis).The
c o d " . r o v i s i o ni s g i v e ni n T|tepropertyof eachchannelsectionis asfbltows:
FigureNSCP-O1. LiseF, = |,,, :.:i"..,;.
bf= 9Cmm tw= 12 mm I ' = 2 1m m
248MPa. ! W350x90
I
,
,,,. '::;:4d-
"::;;.tr=
10mm I r = 3 8 . 1x t Q 66 6 { A = 4550mmz
"li ' 250mm ly = 2.9t x lQ6 664
Propertiesof W350v 90: 1'"
b r= 2 5 0m m l , = 2 6 6 x 1 0 6m m a
Y
tr = 16.4mm lv = 44.54x lQo P6r
d=350mm A = 1 1 , 5 5 0m m 2

t* = 9.5mm
53. Determrne the effective ratiocf the columnlvith rcsDect
slenderness to latcral 1l mm
buckling
aboutthex-axis, *.;*7in., ; ,,.,
'ffi;i1;i.
f;:tj:i. ;ii'
A. 42.76 c. 37.66
ilil.;ii;i,::,
B. 34.89 D. 35,98 ' i't ...
\.,.;Qir..i):'r' 1 .::.
54. Determine
the effective ratioof the columnwith respectto lateral
slenderness '- t,l:1.t,..:'.
'.rr.l' '':::;
buckling
aboutthey-axis.
r:r',r:n.i?P .1
a. 34.89 c. 37.66 :i jr,.:, .

B. 35.98 D. 42.76
55. Determine
theaxialloadcapacity
of .hecolumnin kN.
A. 2435 C, ?219
B. 2895 D. 2663
 1i
,f
{!

StructuralEngineering i
186 May2012 andConstructlon CivilEngineeringReference
Vol.3 187
5 7 . W h a t i s t h e n i a x i n r u nbr e n c l r n sgt r o s sl n t l r ec o l L r n rtnl u c t o r m o r n c n to f 7 0 k N - 61. Calculate
t h e m a x i m u ma v e r a s ew e b s h e a rs t r e s si n t h e b e a m d u e t o l i v e l o a d
m a l t o r t t h e x - a x i so f t h e s o c t i o n ' 1 p l u si m p a c t .
A 1 1 4B M P A ( . r ] 65 M l ' a A. 76MPA C. 9.1MPa
B 1 2 . t9 1 \ 4 P a l ) 1 1 81 M P . r B. B5MPa D 12.4MPa
5 8 . W h a ti s t h e c r i t i c ailr r u r x i n r u rer lr' )l t ' c t r vsel en c i c r n r srs; r t r oo l t h et o l u m n ?
A. 48.2 c. 544
B,761 D u52 S i t u a t i o n1 9 - ' l h e W 4 5 0' 8 6 b e a mi s s u p p o r t ebdy a c o n c r e tw e a l la n da 1 3 0 - m m -
wide bearingplateasshown.Thebeamreactionis 250 kN. All steelare 436
s t e ew l i t h F y = 2 4 8M P a ,C o n c r e t e s t r e nlg, =
t h2 7 . 5 M P a .
S i t u a t l o n1 8 - T h e d e c ko f a b r i d g ec o n s i sot f r i b b e dm e t a ld e c kw i t h 1 0 0 m m
c o n c r e tsel a bo n t o p ,T h es u p e r s t i ' u c t usruep p o r t i ntgh ed e c kr s m a d eo f w i d e Theproperties of W450x 86 areasfollows:
f l a n g set e ebl e a m s t r e n g t h e n b
e yd c o v e p r l a t e1 6 m m x 2 6 0m m o n ea t t h et o p d=450mm tr=18mm k=38mm
a n do n ea t t h eb o t t o ma, n d i s s p a c e d1 , 2m o n c e n t e r sT.h eb e a m sa r es i m p l y b r= 1 9 0m m t*=10mm
s u p p o r t eodv e ra s p a no f 2 5 m . T h el o a d so n e a c hb e a nai r ea sf o l l o w s :
Allowable Fp= Q.J$f.
bearingstressof concrete,
w a = 1 2k N / m Allowablebendingstresson weakaxisof plate,Fr = 0.75Fy

// 62. Whatis the requiredwidthof bearingplate"W"?

A.220mm C . 1 8 0m m

\< B . 2 4 0m m D . 2 n 0m m
53. Usingthevvidthin Part1,whatis therequiredplatethickrress.
criticalsectionin bendingfor bearingplateis at distance
thbeam.
Assumethatthe
"k" from the axisof

A . 2 8 . 4m m C. 24,5mm
B , 3 2 . 1m m D. 2t,2mm
54, Deternrine the webyieldingstressat the web toe of fillet
D e a dl o a d= 1 2 k N / m ( i n c l u d i nbge a mw e i g hat n dd e c k ) A, 102MPa C, 127 MPA
W h e elli v el o a d s : 'n,
B. 85 MPa 1 1 1M P a
Fronw t h e e= l 1 8k N
Rearwheel= 72 kN
Wheelbase= 4.3m
l m'p a c t f a c t o r =. + L r=el e n g t hi n m ,
<3C0u6,whe
L+37

P r o p e r t i eosf W 8 5 0x 1 8 5 r
A : 2 3 , 7 5m 0 mz t*=15mm
d"850mm l , = 2 6 6 2 x l Q 61 n 6 a
b r= 2 9 0m m ly = 8Lj2 x lQo Pi6a
t r = 2 0m m

5 9 , C a l c u l attheem a x i m u m
b e n d i n sg t r e s si n t h eb e a md u et o d e a dl o a d ,
A, 123MPa C . 9 2M P a
B, 107MPa D, 98MPa
60, Calculate bendlngstresJin the beamdueto llve loadplus
the maximum
lmpact
A. 79MPa C,.68MPa
B, 62MPa D, 56MPa
 StructuralEngineering
188 May2012 and Construction
CivilEngineeringReferenceVol.3 189
S i t t r a t i o n2 0 - -1 h e f l o o l h " a n r i n p g i a n o f a r er n l i r l c c d( o n c r et o s t fu r t u r e i s s h o w n i n S l t u a t i o n 2 1 - ' l ' h e f l o o r f r a m i n gp l a n o l a r e r n f o r c e d
c o n c r e t es t r u c t u r ei s s h o w n i u
t h c l i g u r c ' [ ' l r el r c a n r sa r e 2 l l 0 n r n rr r y i d ca n t l 5 2 { )n r n rd e c pa n d t h e s l a bi s 1 1 0 t l , e f i g u r e . W h e n c o l u m n s E a n d H a r e d e i e t e d ,g i r t l e r t s E I I K c a r r i e s t h e
t t l t t t h i c k . ( ) t h e rt h a t r( o n u e t ur , r , e i g ht ltr, e t l o o ' i s s u b l c c t e tcol a n a d d i t i o n a l r e a c t i o no f B E F a t E a n d G t l K a r l l . ' f h i sg i r d e rn r a yb e c o n s i c l t r e fdi x e da t B
I r L t p t ' r i n t p o s ct ,l rcla) t ll o l t l ' r t . J ! r [ ' ; ;r r r r rlii v t , l , r , r rol l ( 2 l < P , r l i n i t w t ' i g h to f a n d K . T h e u n i f o r ml o a do n t h i s g i r d er i s 5 k N / r n a n d t h e c o n c e n t r a t L l' o c la d s: i t
( o t r cf 0 t 0 i s 2 . i . 5k \ r / m r E a n d H a r ee . c h 2 7 0 l : N
5 8 . c a l c u l a t et h e m a x i m u ms h e a ra t t sd u e t o u n i f o r ma n d c o n c e n t r a t e ldo a d s .
D u e t o s p a c ec o n s r d e r a t i o n t h, e c o l u n r n sa t E a n d l l a r e t o b e r c r n o v e d .T h i s A . 3 2 1k N c 2 6 5k N
w i l l m a k eg i r d c r B I i l l Ks u p p o r tt h e b c : r n t sD E Fa t E a n d G I l l a t l l . B . 2 8 9k N D . 2 5 3K N
69. Caliulate themaximumshearat E dtreto concentrated loadonlv
U s et h e t r i b u t a r ya r e am e t h o d . A. 300kN c . 2 9 0k N
B . 2 8 0k N D . 2 7 0k N
6 5 , D e t e r m i n et h e u n i f o r ms e r v i c ed e a dl o a do n b e a mD E F . 70. calculatethe maxinrumposrtivemomentin the girder due to uniformload
A 1 9 . 8 7k N / m C 1 73 8k N / m only.
B 2 13 4 k N / m D 1 62 1k N / m A, 11.72 kN-m c. 965kN
f , 6 . D e t e r m i n et h e u n i f o r ms e r v i c el i v e l o a d o n b e a mD E F ' 8 , 1 3 , 2 ik N
D . 1 0 . 1k2N
A 1 3k N / m C 11kN/m
B . 1 4k N / m D . 12 k N / n r
6 7 . D e t e r m i n et h c f a c t o r e dc o n c e n t r a t eloo a da t E d u e t o l o a d so n b e a mD E f '
A . 2 8 79 k N c 2545kN
B . 1 4 5 . 8k N D . 3 Zr . 2k N

-T

25m
I

2 , 5m

t_{_
I
1
I
2 . 5m

+
I
L
 Engineering
Struc'tural
222 May 2012 andConstruction Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3 223
P a r t3 :
'fhe
c t ' t - t : r t t r i t i t yo l r t L o l u r n n l " t t t l t , l l t t ' , / l r l r t l r r ' f t ! ' t n I l ) t ' h t r t l t t t t l t t p l u s t i t
t t'entnttro
l l the coltrtnrt.
I

I
)50 !1,-f',"r'
,< _ 400_ P , ,- J 2 0 0k N
I I

__t_ N ' -1.,1, 2 0 0 " 0 1 1

l v l ,.,3 5 2 k N - m
I

II R e s u l l a rflot r c e= C
e 1 9 U -
I
e = ' li 0 m m

I
150 o o
'
,.\
v v
,,'t
+-( o o
I

r O O
I a1 r\

[-----J
| 180 | Co n ( r e t e 5 te ( , 1
o o

i
I
I Plastt( /r1l
I r = 0 . 8 5f ' , A r ( . ,r = 0 t i l i [ 2 8 ) ( 7 5 , 0 0 0 ) centrord I
x ,r = 1 2 5n r m ( . ,r = l 7 t l 5 k N [.iSit::atiorr26

i
ll* = 450 mm fv= 415 MPa
C ,z = 0 . 8 5f . A z C , := 0 8 5 ( 2 8 ) ( 6 3 , 0 0 0 ) h=6CCmm A l l o w a b l e s h e a r s t r e s s o i c o n c r e t e ,F u .= 0 . 8 1 6 M P a
x . r- 4 2 5 n t m C , r= 1 4 9 9 . 4k N f. = 21MPa
I
C . r= A . rt ' c , r = = 6 x+ ( 2 0 ) 2 ( 4 1 4 ) Reductionfactor.0 = 0.85 ll
ll
Ir l
x ( 1 r: 1 2 5 n l m C , r= 7 8 0 . 3 7k N 600mm
tl
C.u= A.zI' Csr==4xi(Z8l(ata)
X.si= 515 rrtt't't C"r= 1019.69kN

ResultantForce,C = C.t + Ccz+ Csr+ Csz

ResultantForce,C = 5084.46kN t
r l,
Locationof C lrom x-axis:
Cf = C c r X c t * C e z X c Z+ C s i X c s r+ C s 2 X c s 2

* _ 1785(125)+ 101:!2ttl_q
14ee.4{425)+780.37(125)+ IL
x =2 9 1 . 9
mm
5084.46

E f f e c t i vdee p t hd, = 6 0 0- 4 0 - 1 2 - 0 . 5 ( 2 5 ) il
Effective depth,d = 535,5n n
il
V. = Fu.bo d
Shearstrengthprovidedby concrete,
V. = 0.816(450X535.5)
Shearstrengthprovidedby concrete,
Vc= 196.64kN
Shearstrengthprovidedby concrete,
,f
 str uctur alEngineer ing
19 2 M a y 20 1 2 CivilEngineering
Reference
Vol.lt 193
il) l)ett'rnline t h c f . t c t o r e nt lt { ) n l f ' l \r 1l r l r r t ' t o . rt ; r r t o l o rllo a r ip . 3 2 0 0 a p p l i e c l
B6 D e t e r r n i n ot h l ' r o n l l ) l ' ( ' s s t v r ' \ t r r : ns ts( o l t ( r o t { )w h c n [ ) r s , r p y r l i c r l
4 0 0 n l n l l r o t n t l t e y - a x i s r \ s s t r t n tt l' r . r tt l r t ' r o l u l n n i s l e i n f o r c e d at t5c centr,irl
s u c i rt h a t clfthc heirrn
p l ; r s t i nc r : L r t r iat lr i si s 2 ( ) 0r r r r lirrc l t i l l t r , , , _ ; r r i s
'l16 A . f r . 4 . lM P I ( . 7 { ) f tM I , : r
A .i52I<N.nr | li\ nr B . t J2 I N 4 l , . r r) 7 5,i N{t,,r
H . l t i 7k N , r n l r 1 7 6k N , r l 8 7 W h a t i s t h e n l , t x t n t L t t( l{)) , , ) l ) l . s s l v ( ' s l r . . lsns t h c
h t , l r r rr rv i t en e - - l l ( J r n r r r .
A . 1 ' 1 . . i 2M P . i ( . 1 , 55 8 M I , : r
B . 1 8 . 7 2M P a
S i t u a t i o n2 6 - 1 - h ec o l u n l ns h o l n t). t6 92 Mp.r
B S D e t e r r n i n e t h e v a l u c o f t h e e c c c n t r i c r t y" e " s u c i r
in the figureis subjected to F--- t h a t t h e r e s u l i . i n gs t r e s s a t t h r -
t o p f i b e r o f t h e b e a r nr s z c r { ) .
. s h e afro r c ep a r a l l e tl o t h e
I - r{' 100rnm (. 2 0 0m m
600 mm siCe, Allowaore
B . 1 2 0m m II
i50 mnr
concrete shear stress for
shear parailel t0 the 600 o
8')Smm A
rnm side is 0.816 Mpa. S i t u a t i c n 2 B - ' f h e s e c t i o no f a p r e s t r c s s c tdl o u b l e - t e e
c ( ) n c r e t fel o o r j o i s ti s s h 6 w n i n
L 0 n c r e t es t r e n g t hf , = ' 2 1
450 t h e F i g u r c . ' f h e p r e s t r e s s i r r lgo r - c ci r r e l c h t e e i s 7 5 0 k N . I J l r i t
MPa arrd steel strength for wcrghtof
c o n c r e t ies 2 3 . 5k N l m , .
both longitudinal and
( o n fi n n t g r e i n f i l r r e m c n t si s C I
/ I 5 M P a .' f h a t i e s
a r ea l i 1 2
r n n r i n d i a n t e t e ri v i t h r _ i e a r .
__l
I 2 m r r ,- .
c o v e ro f 4 0 m m .
D e t e r m i nteh ef a c t o r esdh e a fr o r c ev , ,t h a tt h ec o l u m nc a nr e s i sitf t h en o m i n a r
s h e asr t r e n g t hp r o v i d ebd y t h et i e si s 3 7 5k N .
A. 427 c 486
B. 514 D. 452
l f t h e t i e sa r es p a c e a d t 2 3 0n l m o n c e n t e r s , . w hi sa t h em a x i m u m v a l u eo f V
i nk N ?
A. 4+6 c 389 The propertiesof the double-tee:ectionare:
B. 521, D. 476 A r e a= 2 2 0 , 0 0 0m m 2 y z= ? 7 0m m
85 lf the factoredshearforceparallelto the600mm sideis 400 kN,determrne I -- 1890 x 106 ntma
rne y:=75mm
required spacing of transversereinforcementin accordance with Lhe yl :90 mm Simple span,L =Bm
p r o v i s i o nfso r s e i s m idce s i g n ,
\ Serviceloadson floor:
A . 1 5 4 . 8m m Deadlr;,ad= 2.5 kpa
C , 1 2 5 . gm m
B. 112.5 mm D , 2 0 g1 r n m Liveload=6kPa
Deternrinethe initial stress at the bottom fibers due to prestressing
5.21,4SpecialProvlslonsfor SeisnricDesign force
along?
( S e eP a g e8 1 ,N o v 2 0 1 1 ) A. -42,i NlPa C . - 5 2 . 8M P a
B, -48.6MPA D . - 3 7 . 6M P a
9 0 Ddterminethe stressat the bottonr fibers due to serviceload and prestressing
s i t u a t i o n2 7 - A p r e s t r e s s ecdo n c r e t b
e e a mh a sa r v i d t ho f 3 0 0 m m a n da n o v e r a l l rorce. Assunlethat there is a lossof prestressof 2\o/oat serviceloads.
d e p t ho f 6 0 0 m m . T h ep r e s t r e s s i nt egn d o : las r ep r a c e d A . . ' , - 8 . 6M9P a
a t a d i s t a n c e ' ,bee, 'r o w
'8, -9.97 C. -l2.32MPa
t h en e u t r aal x i so f t h eb e a ma n dt h ea p p r i e p d r e s t r e s s i nf ogr c ei s p = 1 5 0 0k N . MPa D. -6.56MPa
Thereis 15Zolossofprestress. 9 1 . calculatethe additionalloadcanthe floorcarryso that the stress the
at bottom
fibersat themidspanis zero.
A. 5.43kPa C. 4.89kPa
B. 7.98kPa D.:3.04kPa
i iir,.l
 Structural Englneering
194 May2012 and Construction Civil EngineeringRcferenceVol. .i 195
S i t u a t i o n2 9 - A s r l u a l ct i r o t r nigs s l t o w rirl t t i t el r g u r c I h c t o o t i n gi s t o s u p p o r at 3 5 0
1 t ) 0 W i t h r r l i ' l . t s t t tt , t t t g t rt,l t t ' s l o p r ' { ) lt l l ( ' \ t l i l l g l ) t l i n r , p o r t r r r no f t h e s t l c s s - s t l a i n
n l n t " 4 0 0 t t t t t tc t t l u n t nt l r r t c u r r i u r l. r n i i x i ; r lr l o a cllo . r r o i f 7 4 0 l < Na n d a n a x i a l
c ur v ( ,
l i v c l o a do f 4 6 0 k N I J s cl ' = 2 { )7 M l ' l ; r n r ll , - -2 7 5 ! 1 p r M a r nf r a rd i a m e t eirs
A . Y o r i n g ' sf r l o r i L t l L r s (- l l o o l r t 's l , . t w
s ( ) { )t l n t
2 ( )t t t t t t(,o n ( r { ' t r ,( o v r , ll l o n t r ' t ' t rtlo i t i o l t n ; r i ni t . t t . =
i l . l . l , r r t rlrr n t r t l) l'rrrssonstlttto
9 2 . C a l c L r l at thce f a c t r r r csr hi e a lo n l o o I n r ! , i tc t i n c a :l ; c c t r clno r l y r d c - l l e a amc t i o n ,
A 4 3 5k N c 5 0 4k N
B 6 1 2k N D 5 8 7K N
9 3 , c a l c u l a t ct h e ' t a c t o r esdh o a ro n f i r o t i n ga t c r i t i c a sl e c t i o nl i l r t w o - w a ya c t i o r . " E N I )" '
A 1 4 3 2k N
I 1 8 7 3k N
c 1 6 4 8k N " id
D 1265 kN
9 4 . D e t e r n t i nt ler er e r y u i r rn- u
. tm
l h eor l 2 0 - m mh a r s l
A. I J c 13
D 1 1
l), 1I

4 0 0m m i
4 5 0m m
E
^i f,rFi,,n--
2.4mx2.4m

2 . 4m

S l t u a t l o n3 0 - A n s w e trh cf t - r l l o w i qn ug e s t i 0 n s :
9 5 W h i c ho f t h ef i r l l o w i ndge a l sw i t hl b r c e sa t r e s t ?
A, impact C, static
B. kinetic D. dynamic ANSWER
KEY
95, which of the fcllowingforcesdetermines whethera bodywill be at restor in IA 1IB 2 1C 31C 4 1C 51C 618 7lA 81D 91D
motipn. 28 lZD 22A 32C 42D 92C
524 62D 7 2A B2A
A. resultant C. impulse
R pnrrilihrent 38 13A 238 33 t) 43A 53C 63C 73D 83C 93C
u. illrPcr L

97, Energyby vir.tueof velocity. 4U 148 24 I) 34A 444 548 64D 748 84A 9 4A
'
A. poti'ntiai C. work 5A 15D 25D 35D 454 55D 65C 75A gsB 95C
B. kinetic D, momentum
5D 16A 26B 36C 468 56A 6 6A 76C B6C 96A
s i t u a t l o n3 1 * A n s w etrh ef o l l o w i nqgu e s t i o nosn a x i a dl e f i r r m a t i oonf r i g i db o d i e s : 78 17C 27 t) 378 474 574 67A 77C 87C 978
98. Withinproportional limit,thesrressis directlyproportional to str,tin. BA 1BA 28 ,l 388 48A 58C 688 78D BBA 9 8D
A, Elastic limit .C,..poisson's ratio 9D 198 294 39D 49C 590 6 9D 79D 8eB ?eB
B. Young's Modulus /'D.l Hooke,s Law
'l'he 9 0 A ' , 1 0 0 A'r:'r..ij'lt!l
. t | |

20c
.

99. ratiooflateralstrainto longitudinai strain,

108 30D 408 50c 60c 70A .. 80.8'
' ''.:'.," ,'.1.;i:1:)
,,{,, Hooke'sLaw C. Young's Modulus ,,,. .:.'' I ' ''ili
:*'r;i
t*11':t
Poisson's ratio D. Elastic limit r::. : ,,;, ,,:ll.: ,.,', ,.r . . ' ' I i '
!rB'i r':.iiii
ir.*i
"
'' rriifii
 '96 S t n t c t u r a lE n g i n e e r i n g
M a y2 0 1 2 CfvilEngineeringReferenceVol.3
1g7
ffi solutions 0 = a r c t a (n3 / 1 )= 7 \ 5 6 5 .
llJ,'jr[:::-_=--
T o t aw
l e i g h tW
, = 3 . 6, f i ( 2 )= 2 2 6 1 9k N
I

, l
1 , , 1 , =V l . f l t 2 . 4 + 0 t )
L , 1, - , 3 . l 3 2 i r n
L , t r=r L , r r =
r 3 , 1 1 1 2 1n r
i
^^( Y
)
, i 6 x ' f s r r 0r = ? 2 . 6 1 9
T = 3 . 9 7 4k N

Ft=TxA. l0S=3,974r*(d.J2
) . 4m
Lat = tJ'2.4 + I.tl ..{ nt I d . = 6 . 9s a y 7 m m
I

f 't(!:
)r'
-:- F,rr = 0.8 li,rr
io r - - i
.v
I

Cl3*.
.J
, \
; D=10mm

x'
, . : -- 2 -,
.4 P=8kN E = 2 0 0G P a( f o rs t e e l )
r,\rrr o [ L = 2 5m
^t.t21 = 0.7661 l:r,u lBn)
E "\... y s : 7 7k N / m :
3
.'i
1 8 m
t 8 m x- Area,A = ( 1 0 ) 2= 7 8 . 5 4
mm2
HYsymnlr:try,I.,rg= |ar, f
. ) . , : i 09[]
W e i g h t or fo d , W = y , V ,= 7 7 , 0 0 0
[78,54/1C002]125)
IM111=
; Q W = 1 5 1 , 1 8N9
I'rcy(Z.7)= W(0.91 0 . 8l r , r(r2 . 7 )= W ( 09 )
Elongation loadp:
dueto concentrated
I:x=0.4767W
S e t F a c= 1 5 k N W=36kN 6r=& ^. _ 8,000(25,000)
w l - -
AE 78,54(200,000)
IMcr-= 0
6 r= 1 2 , 7 3m2m
2 ( F a a y ) ( 2 . 7=)W { 1 . 8 ) 5 . 4 ( 0 . 7 6 6 2 F a=a )1 . B W
F,lr= 0 43501 W'= Fro Elongatlon
dueto own weight:
S e t F a s= 1 5 k N
d,= *,wL \- _ i(1s1,18e)i2s,000)
( r l - -
W =34.482 kN (governs) AE 78.s4(200,000J
6z= 0,1203mm
t^it2
Totaldeformatlon,
D= 6r + 6z= l2.g53 mm

0utsldediameter,
D = 85 mm
d = D - 2t = 85 - Z(S)= 75 mm
Insldedlameter,
Torque,T=4kN-m

I Maxlmumshearing
stress:

,- re(+xrg6xsll
n(95'-z5r;.
r =84,22tllPa,
.::'j
11.',
::.:, "'.,
2.5kN/m , ,; ..',, :.,'.,i .
y4 May 2012 c.ut..hni.1l1il1lffl: Civil EnglneeringReferenceVol.3
175
Part3:n=001.1
S T R U C T U M LE N G I N E E R I N&GC O N S ' T R U C T I O N
, 1 02 9 n l . ( ) I 0 . 1 ( l {( ) 0 1 . J)
l | -

I)
,,
( 0 . 11 M A Y2 O L 2
I - 1 . 9 7 9n )
A vertical ioud rrl \{1 r:
supportedby the trip(,rl
S i t u a t i o n3 0 s h o w n . I f t h e c a p a c i t yo f t l t e
C i v e n r H e a d ,l l = 1 4 0 , n C r= 1 0 ( ) e a c hl e g i s 1 5 k N , w h a r r s
t h e s a f ev a l u eo f W ?
L=190m Q = 1 8 0l . / s
D = 2 5 0m r n A. 34 48 kN
ti, so kt'J
'1-n A 7 L Q , " ' c . 3 2 , 1 2k N
1 06 7 [ 1 8 0 ) [108 )
l l e a dl o s sh , = i' ' D, 42 KN
c , Ir " P r ' { 1 0 0 )" ( 0 2 s )
I t r= 1 3 . 7 3r n ) Part 1 S i x ( 5 ) s t e e lc a b l e sa r e u s e c l
to support a circular
l l ,E = I l - l i l , = 1 4 0- I 3 . , ' 3
H e a de x t r a c t e d m o u l d i n gh a v i n ga r i i a r n e t e r
llead extracted,LIE= 126.268 nt ) I)art2 of2mand'"veighing3.6
kN/m l'he cables are
Part 3: e q u a i l y s p a c e da r o u n d t h e
P o w e ri n p u t ,P ,= Q y l l f . P r= 0 , 1 8 ( 9 . 8 1 )' 2( 6 ' 2 6 8 ) m o ' . : l : i i na
g n c la t t " c h e dt o a
P '= 2 2 2 . 9 6k5W s i n g l eh o o k 3 m a h o v e t h e
m o u l d i n g .l f t h e a l l o w a b l s t ,B S S
i t , t h e c a b i ei s 105MPa,whatis the required
P o w e rg e n e r a t e d (output) diameter?
P , ,= P , , xe f f i c i e n c y P,=222.965"0.90 A. 8mm C. 9mm
P ,=
, 2 0 0 . 6 7k W ) P a r t3
f, 7mm D. 10 mrn

3 , A verticalsteelrod is fixedat the top andsupportsarrg-kNloadat the lower

[:i Sltuation 31 e n d . T h er o d i s 1 0 m m i n d i a m e r earn dz s m l o n g .u n i t w e i g h t o f s t e ei sl 7 7
Part 1r kN/pr, Whatis thetotalelongation of therod?
l- E. t ? 1,1n" A. t2,732mm L , t 2 , 9 7 3m m
c = i_;__-_____ B , i 1 ? , 8 5m3m D . 1 2 , 6 1 2m m
r l ,( , i rE* & -9l 2 2 x1 O ' [ _ 6]0 0 )
, l r c o o l ,*
Y 'tl I I i , 4 x 1 0("1 8 )j 4. A hallowcirculartube hasan outsidediameterof 8s mm and is s mm thlck,
L,2O2m/s Thetubeis fixed(cantileverJ
at oneenciandsubjectedto a torqueoi 4 kN.m at
Itstreeend.Whatis themaximum shearing stressln thetube?
Part 2: A, 76,5MPa C . 9 2 , 3M P a
ph:pcv p n= 1 0 0 0 ( 1 , 2 0 2 J ( 2 . 3 ) 9,;9g'7MPa. -Pjg.t,?rurpq . i. , . "n .
i'ti,= 2,764 kPa
A decoratlve
concretebeamls simplysupported
overa spanof 6 m. The beam
Part 3l weighs4 kN/m and rhecrackingmomentls3F kN-m, wiiat ts the safe'irnlform
2L l o a do f t h e b e a m ?
2 t3 5 0 1
t,-
c t202 $'a.aa"kN/m
t. = 0.583s
p. a,8aku/m
 StructuralEngineering
198 May 2012 and Construction ClvllEnglneeringReferenceVol.3
199
( . r a c k i nrgn 0 m e nM
filsltuatlon 1
t , . 3 i lk N - n r
Given:
W ei g h to f b t ' u n=r 4 l<N/nr
r = -J5l
q = ( 4 5c o s6 0 o i) - ( 4 5s i n6 0 " ) j
!v(6)'
rur= IIL 39= Q=22,5i-3897)
u B
w = 8 . 4 4 4k N / m P a r t1 :
R = BOi
Resultant,
S a f eu n i f o r ml o a d= 8 . 4 4 4- 4 = 4 . 4 4 4 k N / m
R=P+Q+S
8 0 i= - 3 S +
i (Z2.Si_ 3 8 , 9 7 i+) S
lr*;6 S=92,5i+38.97i
e.45kN
S ,= 9 2 . 5k N ,S ,= 3 8 . 9 7k N

M , r= 3 0 ( 2 1+ l 0 ( 2 . 8 ) [ 1 . a ) q
38.91
M,r= 99.2 kN-m 0 = arctan --l Cl= arctan-
\ 97,.5
r_-.T
I 0 kN/m
cr= 22.85o

Part 2:
Resultant
is horizontal

{- |l ?
to the rightwlth ct'= 60o
R=P+Q+S=fui+0J
u n i f o r nr l o a d ,w Rxi = -351+ (22.51- 38.97i)
dr60o
+ S(cos 600| + sln50ol)
R'i+0J=(.12,5+0.5S)l R.&l
+ (.38.97 + 0,8665), x
50"
Q= -38.i7+ 0,86{tS
= 2.2s
a.s@.s)/9 S=45kN
Q- 4stJ.l
Part 3r
P+Q+$:6
.351+ (22,5t-38,97i)
t S= 0
Influence
Diagram
for momentat B
S=12,51+38,97f
S*= 12,5kN
Moment= w x Areaunciertheinfluer,ce
diagram. Sy= 38.97kN

Maximumnegativenlomentat B will ocuurwhenthe uniformloadis within

CDonly. Total length= 3 m
S=JiETEF
S= 40.927kN
't: ^ ..' , r::ii,,,:,,,
'
;;t;t",|1'
,,
,:.i;ll;i.ilir,:.1,.
,:ii:
 str uctur alEngineer ing
200 May 2012 CivilEngineering
Reference
Vot.3 201
S i t r fi r t i o n ' 2 t
[-i Situation3
Part l:
'l P a r t s1 a n d 2 :
h t , l t , n s j l r r r rl l r l r , r l r l l s, r r t r , t l r l r rl v l r r , nl l r t , r .r r r r g l cl sl r r t l i n a t j 0 na r _ e N e g l e c t i tnhgew e i g hot l t h r p l : i t e
{ ' { i l l i l \ J J i (l ' / i t i i { (l , l l ( , r i l lr i r , \ , t i n r i , , r l l t i , tl rl ,t t , r t
lrr:r,;, r _ 10.
IM,r = 0
P a r t s2 & 3 :
2RH ( 1 3 5 )= 11 s 0 ( 0
4sl
5nr Rs= 191.667kN = Rr
^ l l u(
l' o-a
tn., - r\
lnl

i Y W R a =1 1 5 0- 2 ( t 9 1 . 6 6 7 )
Rn= 766.667kN

Part 3:
Considerin
t hgew e i g hot f t h ep l a t e r l
a-0.45m
( .=f a r r t a n1 5 / I )= 7 1 1 1!:y,V.
69' I t m
u = . r r c t a(n1 5 / i )= 1 ] 61 9 w = 7 7 ,+ ( 1 . 8 ) 0
' (405 )
i)- 180.-ri-0= 15.12,, W = 8 . 8 1 7k N

I.rorntheforcepolygon: IMe.0 4 5m m
T , T , W
s i nn s i n0 s i np
2 R n { 1 . 3=5 1
) 150(0.45)
+ 8 . 8 1 7 (90)
F "l,
R^ 2Ra
Rs= 194.61kN = Rc
-l 1 = 5- : - - -C
_ : - - s i n8 6 . 1 9 "= 1 9 1 . 2 1k N
) p a r t2
s i n1 5 . 1 2 .
-l2 = 5_:__:_:-_-_:_
0 f3 Sltuatlon4
sin 79.69o= 197.92kN
s i n1 5 . 1 2 .

Lengthof cable:
L=xrsec0+xzsec(l
L = 5 s e c7 8 . 6 9+0 1 5s e cg 6 . 1 9 o
L=20.13m )part3
m<u;"'
i
I
- B=60'
<--_-
\ Q=cqA
Q= l(1.6X3X4)
1 . 5m
Q=t92kN

a = 1.5cot 30o a = 2.599m

 I
f{
'1
S t r r r c t u r aIln g i n e e r i n g td

2O2 May 2012 and Construction Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3 203

I

i ) M ,. { ) l i\ [3)+ l')2{l\) ]{)(-15'18) P a r t3 :

i\r, I {r.38kN ) I):rrt I W h e nI ' = : J 6 0k N
!Y
r \ t ; o r r rAl :
o = . r r t s i r'Ir - , , r , r i u2 L ' - . r , , u ,
.l()t)
L l " r r= 0 l' ir t os .10 - I /) .1l't
5ag=110 . ,=t ,4 . 5 m
l:,r..18')151<N

Strcssin rnerr5e ' Afl,l,r,.. ] 1L!: l1l tl Situation6

n G i v e n : O u t s i ddei a m e t eD
r ,u= 6 0 0m m
[1(,)'' 'fhickness,t=Bmm
4
r B ,1 , r=r 9 4 , 0 8M P a
S t r e sisn m c n r b cA ) P a r t3 P r e s srue i n s i d ep, ,= 2 . 2M p a
ll
At jointtl: d i a n r e t eDr ,= D n- 2 t = S 8 4m m
Inside , 1

)Fn=0 l ; r ; rc t t s . ' 1 0=' | t . 2 + l [ i ! ) 1 5c o s- t 0 ii

'langential
l : r , ,= 4 1 . 0 t i 5I i N P a r t1 : stress I

pl) 2.2t584)
S t r c s isn r n c n r h cB. ( -f,r r =
r
4l 0!1\ 1! 2t
()t - ---

2(B) if
t , ( 7 6) ctt= 80.3MPa
fl
S t r e s si n m c n r b e r l l ( . ,f i c = 9 0 , 1 M P a ) Part 2
P a r t 2 : L o n g i t u d r n aslt r e s s
ri
lt
ill
nI)
-
2.2t584)
_-- r[i
ut
Situation5 t t 4(8) lli
W r= 1 B ( 1 2 1
W i = 2 1 6k N
ot = 40.15MPa :
i il

Part 3: Note:In thin walledcylindricaltanks,tangentialstresstv/ice

as '' r l
'ff
criticalaslorrgitudinal
stress.
. 3
t, = aretan-

0 =26.565'
A
0 r a t t o w= 1 , 2 4 M P a il
fll

Fromthe force
- _ p
ut - -
D iz+" P(584)
ti
rl
2t 2i81.
polygon:

T=Wrcsc0
P = 3.397MPa {
jf,
T = 2 1 6c s c2 6 . 5 6 5 '
'I =
483 kN *
fI Sit'raticn 7 ilIrl
rt;-' A = ( 2 8 { t )=, 6 i . , 5 7 S .m2 m 2
A,=Tsin0=216kN
!
if
H = W r c o t0 H = 2 1 6c o t2 6 . 5 6 5 "
H=432kN
1= a 1 z a o l =
64'
z 3 0 1 . 7 1 9 xl Q 6p p r
Totalverticalloadat the base:
. r,.,:...
il
f;l
P t= P + y V o l= 3 + 2 2 x ( 0 . 2 S )(e3 ) = 7 . 0 5 4k N
f il
Totalmbmentat the bdsb: .
.:T;,
.l;,, llN

, ,{l
.' M = H x L + p x e = 0 . 4 5 ( 3+) S ( 0 . 1 ) ; 1 . 6k5N . m
il
 StructuraEl ngineering
2O4 May 2012 and Construction Civil EngineeringReferenceVot.3
205
l ) a r t s l a n d l l : M . r x i n r r r nnro r r r l i r l s t l { ' sist t l l t t ,l t ; r s r , :
,t . : _ t Il Mr U p w a i ' d p r e s s u yr e ,=q t=: 9 i = 8 7 k N / m
1 r._l)/J_ l,i0rrrrlr l, 15
.
i \ I
J{)00 1ir5r t{) S h e aar t a p o i n t3 m f r o n rr i r el e f te n d( @ B i :
,t . _ _ _ -_.-- | _.-___t__.:i t , } 0 J
t,ll,tl,l { i l 17 i r l . i r J V i r =q [ 3 ) - w r ( 3 ) V r = B 7 ( 3 ) _1 4 S ( 3 )
f = { l .l l + 7 t 0 . 7 6 5 6 V H= - 1 7 4 k N ) Part?

M a x i m u n ct o m p r r . s s i vset r e s s l,, = - 0 . 1 1 4 7- 0 . 7 6 5 6 P o i no
t f z e r os h e a r
M a x i r n u mc o t n p r e s s i vset r e s s f, , = - 0 . 8 8 M p a
q ( x r )= w r ( 3 ) 8 7 ( x 1=
) 1{$[])
xr=5m
M a x i m u mt e n s i l es t r e s s f, r = - 0 . 1 1 4 7+ 0 . 7 6 5 6
M a x i n r u mt e n s i l es t i - e s sf r, = 0 . 6 S 1M p a
Ll Sltuatlon9
Part 3; -3,5m-
Shear,V=il=450N l+-l7sm-J
D i a n r tee r ,D = 2 8 0 m n t ,r : 1 , 1 0n r r n rozs'lG
] ,_
a (a 5 o )
S h c a r s t r e s s' = 1 L 1 ,=
3nr' 3n(140)'
l , = 0 . 0 0 9 7M P a

[,-i Situation 8

,l

9 = 87 kN/m

5hearDiagram

Part 1l
W = 1 4 5 | . 3+)2 9 0 ( 3 )= i 3 0 5 x N Force
Locationof W:
a=_T_ q' =
?xlL?(]
7
' 5)
'

W ( x )= 1 4 5 1 3 1 ( 1 .*s2) e 0 [ 3 ) ( 1 0 . s ] q = 48 kN/m
x=7.5m
Part2: Maximum shear:
For the uniformpressureat the bottomof the barge,x = L/2 Vs= Vr t 48{1)= 48kN
t =2[7,1) Vc= Va- 11?(1,5) = .48kN
+ 48(1,S)
L=15m I Part 1 Thus,Vmrr = 48 kN
 'lT
Structur:rl
Engineering
206 May 2012 Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3
and Construction 207
P a r l l l : M l r x i r n u l lnl l o r ) t r , n t 'l -
Part l: 2 kN
M , - 4 t l [1 7 5 ) 1 17 5 / t ) I l 2 { { )7 \ ) 1 07 5 l l , 1 2l < Nr r r
W - 2 ( 2 )s r nl f t 4 J 5
M , r- 4 r i ( .sj ) { 35 / 2 ) I [ ( 1 5 ] ( l 7 5 ) . ( )
W-t265kN-1265N
\\
M l x i r r r L t rtrlr) o t ) tlrl , . N l , , . 4 2 k N - r r r Ill .
N,l,rss, \4 . 1a!'
g fill
M = 128.99 kg
S i t u a t i o n1 0
Part 2:
r u n i f o r r lno a d ,w u n r l o r n lro a d ,w M=85k9
B y r a t i oa n d p r o p o r t i o nf r o m t h e p r c v i o u sq u e s t i o n .
| 2kN
-
Esr.g 128.99
k
't=1318kN

f, = I
1,3
1B
Stress, fr = ._-.---;
It10)'
ir = 16.78
MPa
P a r t3 :
'
Lengthof rod= Z Jr.7' +Lg2
Lengthof rod= 5.692m
InfluenceDiagramfor shearat B

S h e a r= w x A r e a r r n d e rt h e i n f l u e n c ed i a g r a n r . t! Situation 12

F r o m t h e r n f l u e n c ed i a g r a m t, h e u n i f b r m l o a d r , u s t b e r v i t h i nA B a n d C D t o
. l'o*'
p r o d u c em a x i n u m a r e a .' l ' h et o t a l l e n s t hi s 4 + I = 6 n 1

^1 0,75m
i Situation11
Thebeamis assumed
Tho lnrro
hingedat B
ih rho

( J= a r c t a n( 0 . 9
ctr,,r

/2.7)
i- li,
r P=11MPa
i
F--1.2
I
m

0 = 18.435'
g=5MPa
'l
f f" = MPa
iT-i 0.9m
t
c = a c t a n{ 0 . 7 5 1 1 . 2 )
c=32o
IFv=0
2 Ts i n0 . W At joint C: 2Fsina=20
F = 18.868kN
 Strrrctur:rl
Ingineering
208 May 2012 and Construction ClvllEnglneeringReference
Vol.3
209
F " = 0 . 3 F ,=, 1 2 0M p a
t,
A x i , rsl t r t ' s so r rr l t , n t l l i 'irr r 1 . 2 5 8M l ) a
I r ) ( I) 5( 0 ) P = F rx A r+ F , x A , p = 2 0 0 ( 9 6 0+J 1 2 0 ( 2 5 5 6 )
-litl:,,r.l6i<N
p = 4rl| 72kN
l i r . , i ; . 1 , , r rI 0
. l<N l(

( . o n s i r l c l i r rl lg: :
O r rs u l f: r c ea b . l )- u .- ' , 12 P a t h2 :

'' l)r(l Tension:

= t 12 2 7 M P t
.psin'0+qco.s'0 - A r : [ 6 3 x 3- 2 . 5x Z 3 ) ( l Z )
Ar = 1)/U tllnlr
Il2=1.'5x[.,1, 16,000=8.227xyx100
Y - 1 9 . 4 5m m
Au=[63x2+38
Z , S, 2 2 1 1 1 2 1
S h e a r F: , = l l r l P a
Av= lL/dllltl].z
Rz=1.',."A" 16,000_lx(100x)
x = 160nrm F t= 0 , 5 F =
u 2 0 0M P a
F , = 0 , 3 F u 1 2 0M p a
"
l t ^ lS i t u a t i o n1 3
Part 1: Tensionon grossitrL,a: , P=Frx{1+p,x{, p = 2 0 0 ( 1 5 7 g120(1278)
)+
Ae=252(12)= 3024mmz . p = 4 6 8 . 9 5 k N (governs.l
Allowable F,= 0.6Fy= 0.6(248)= 148.8Mpa
tensilestre.ss,
P=FrxA P= 1a8.8(302a) Li Sltuailon 14
P=450kN Part 1: Momentat thefiyedend:
.^rl1 .Ar/\2
Part2: Tensionon netarea. lvla:.'1" M,t=-au(oj
L2.t tz
Allowable Fr= 0.5F'u= ZCOMpa
tensilestress, Ma= .60kN.m
Netarea,An= [t52 - 3 Z3){lZ)= 2196mm2
"
P=FrxAn p=200(2196)
P = 4 3 9 . 2k N
Pari2:Maxlmumshean
. Vmrx= Kr, , = Jw L
,V61y
Part 3: Blocl<
slrear: \ : 2
)fi( A\
P a t h1 :
2
Tens!on:
' ,=(63x2-2x23)(12)
[
At= 950 mm2

A " = 2 [ , 6 x3 2 + 3 8

Av= 2555mm2
'.
'. r",'
:':,: ...,
Fri 0.5Fu,=
200MPa
210 Str uctur ' lEngineer ing
M a y 20 1 2 Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3 211
S r t u a t i o n1 5
'l i . . ,S i t u a t i o n1 6
o l , t li o , r t l :
7 0 {' } t i l )
* 2()r - 2 1 1 . 1 .1i ., 1 .,i, l i ,r r l 1 r ' 1
x' ,1 . _ itnt,. / 2 n( 2 o r ) , r ) { ) { ) }
I0()() L , =

It I
\ :iti
M;rxrrrrun , , ,,,. - N l .-l N 4, - ' i l ,
l l tl { ) n l o l t tM C ,= 1 2 6 . 1 7
L]
n , _ 2 0 B . J 4l (0 ) P r o p e r t i ursr li r r r i l t - r rsp( , t( t t , n :
I2 A=11,550,2,(350)(12)
t .' , ' \= 1 9 , 9 5 0m n r :
M , , , .=, ,- 1 7 3 . 6 1 3k N - n r
t5mm . 1ll"
,,. t,=lggx rer,
Maxinrunt.shear,Vn,.,.= R,r= Rl
l2(350)'
,, _ w l , 2 0 . 834(10) ".
Vr'.'' :
2 2 Lv=5m
l , = 3 5 1 . 7 5x 1 0 6m n r +
V , ' , . , "1=0 4 . 1 6 fk1N
,,=f7T =132.784rnnr
P a r t 1 : M i r x i r r t u nl tr c n u r n gs l r c s s :

t i , , ,^. = Y t 1 7 36 t 3 l t ,=4 4 . s 41, 0 r+,2 1r y U , + ( 3 5 0 ) '(\1I !2. )- i! I

f , , , , ,-. , ^ ll l4lo/ 2l
t, 2 7 + ix l } t : 12 2 2 ')
fr,,n", = 142.2Mpa = '
r " r B B . 7 9t o "r l ,
i r v = . f 1/ ,A = 9 7 . Z B m m
Part 2: Averageshearing
stress:
f",',= -L = 1t1S" lo'
,","" t D
. l*+x --
K-1"= o{(10'ooo)
=t7.66 t partl
dt* 450(10)_ , ' ; r, L32.78!
,n l;
"," . . t ; . . .: : ,: /.
f " . , "=. 2 3 . 1 5M p a
)-f.4.

t,!RY =
K,L'- o7(5ooo)=35.98
, ., " .t,' )partz
Part 3: Maximunr r, 97.28
shearing
stress:
fun,""= IQ 1 5 0m m
I '
t ) '

Q=IAy
Q= 150[15X210+7.51
+ 210{10)(105) t :r : 4 , . '
:'.;,1...,:'...i.1
:
Q = 7 0 9 . 9 7 x5 l S :s l p r
t=10m

. _ 104.168x10',(709,875x10"t
'27
. r ; , . ! r - -

4.7x106 (t0)
t, ^^*= 26.92MPa
. ' . " ' .' l' .t i.,
.r::: j. '
.
tt...
,,.,,..
: .,,.:;,".i1.;"1!t.,-;.
':t .) "
 S t r u c t u r ' : It l t g i n e e r i n g
212 May 20i2 and (.onstruction ClvllEnglneering
Reference
Vot.3 219
S i t u a t i o nl 7 L-JSltuatlon18
Stt ltrin l)l{)llr'1
l rls ril llrl
260mm
,\ ,r,1, s--.!_.-_.| P=18+72=90kN
i\ l{ 15()0j P , =1 8 k N
A ( ) ,I ' 1 0l r r n r r d=4.3m
4 3 3m m
l, 2l,r 1 8k N 72 kN
l.-2(.Jfil'1{t")
J
l.:762x l0('
K = l

1,,=2(l,r+Axrr)
l , - 2 1 2 ' ) "11 0 " 20mm
1,1s60(6eJ.l l'""""
l t = 4 t 12 n ' 10 " t t t n t r
260mm

Momentof inertiaof thebeamwith coverplate:

- lzeorLsf
l , = 2 6 6 2x 1 0 6+ 2 x I : : J i : ] - ,'l
I I

Ji l , r 4 , 2 2 2x l Q 66 6 a
| 12
+ (' -2-6- 0r r) -[ i-or ]\ t' a- -3' 3 ]) ,
-1

j: 7 . . i . 1 r1r]r r t i
Part 1: Bending
stressdueto deadload
*oL 1)(r<\t
r! r tl ,- -- -' - t - " ,
Mo=
Part 1: I R
A x i a ll o a d= 9 0 0 k N
M o= 9 3 7 . 5k N - m
Axialcontpressive stress
p 900,00r)
,
t,r - --
( l ,l 2 0 fo".r=f. ,. _ 937,5x10'(441)
A
4,222xL06
f',= 98.68 MPa
c3 441mrp fb,., z9792SMpa
.
P a r t2 :
PartZt Bendlngstressdueto llve loadplusimpact
aboutx-axis,M" = 70 kN-m
Mt-rment '
Maxlmummomentin the beamdueto two movlngloads:
B e n d i nsgt r e s s :
.
th _ -
M-c
I,
. 7 0 x1 0 " f 2 5/0Z l
j6 2xl0'
u'.;w
P = total load= 90 kN d = wheetbase= 4,3m
f r '= 1 1 + . R 3
MPa Pr= smallerload= 18 kN L = beamlength: 25 m
P a r t 3 : C r i t i c asl l " n d e r n e s sr a t i o
r, ' ?]tz
181',4
-'"
r KL) = 1(400u) r r r m_. x[9q25)-
- - '4{e0x2s) = 5 2 4 , 4 5 5 k N . m
l-l =4376
\ r /, 9L407
15 =
'tiridact
factdr'* : o:?!le
<o'3(ok)
r KL\
I I =
1(4000) +u #
\ r /, 74.48 "---d.r#d;sf
' ,.':.. ..
''" "
,r{;="n?,; t
ll
 S t r u c t u r a lE n g i n e e r i n g
214 May2012 and Construction CivilEngineering
Reference
Vol.3
M : r l t n t t r t t tl l l o n i ( ' l l I w t t l r I n l I ) . t (t Part2:
M M , , ,, ' ( l + I r n p r r t [t , r t l o r ' ) A c t u abl e a r i npgr e s s u r e :
M . 5 l I 4 ( ) { ' (I + { ) 2 , 1i ( ) ) ( , ! I, J l k N r r r P
t ,= _ =9.615MPa
13 0 [ 20 0 )
. Mt' ( r . 'Ir 3 3 . , 1 ( )( 1 , 1I )
l l , r r . , r: ,.
rli |i,r\ _ -_

I. 4 , 2 2 2 |.(, J x=100-k=62rnm
c - 441ntrn 1 r , , ,., .6, ^8 M P a
tr:,
r-x'
' ! lF
f -
J
'j I

P a r t 3 l M a x i n r u ma v c r a g es h e a l i n gs t r e s s
3(e.615)(62)t
M a x i m u nsr h e i i ro c c u r sa t t h e t -

r 8k N 0 7s[248)
r e a c t i o nw h c r e t h e h e a v i e slto a d
t sn e a r c s t . 24.4mm

P a r t3 : W e by i e l d i nsgt r e s sa t t o eo f f i l l e t( e n dr e a c t i o n J : ''l

f N+7 (lr'lt
- --
rJ -
250,000
[13u+2.5(38]110 i
N = 1 3 0m m f "= 1 1 1 , 1 1 M P a ii
IMrr = C 2 5 R z =l B ( 2 0 . 7 ) + 7 2 ( 2 5 )
R z = 8 6 . 9 0 4k N
EtrSltuatlon20
il
j
M a x i m u ms h e a r i n c l u d i n gi m p a c t :
n n
B
o-T
Vn,"*= 96.904 x (1 + FactorJ

,
,;l

F- oz,--..--,1
V , n ,=, 8 9 . 9 0 4 [ +
l 0.2419J 0.t1m

V ' n "=' 1 0 7 . 9 3
kN
[,:l/t t
c -
-
u t,"
,r v d v c -_ -1 0 7 . 9 3 x 1 0 '
8s0(1s)
0.28
m
I
I
S = 2 . 5 mD
il
ii
f"",, = 8.465MPa
J ii
.rlm il
l..l Situation19
Part 1:
Load,P=250kN D n , ' , ' - ' ' dl ' i
i!
F" = 0.35t', = 9.625MPa
Allowablebearingstressof concrete, t t t
Loads: I 6.2m | 6.2m I
P.FpA 2 5 0 , 0 0=0 0 . 6 2 5x W x 1 3 0
W = 199,8mm say200 mm Deadload:
wd= beamweight+ slabweight+ deadloadpre$sure . . . .. ;
w4='1cAt+|cAr+paxS . l
w a =2 3 . 5 ( 0 , 5 2 ) ( 0 12238, 5
) +( 2 , 5 ) [ 0+. 31 (12) . 5 ) , . ' ].,
ti;j " '.i
wa=l7,384kN/m +Part1';:.,,',i:4ii,
 S t r u tt r r r a lI n g i n e e r i n g
216 May 20"12 and (.onstruction ClvilEngineeringReference
Vol.3 217
l.ivt'lo:rtl: P a r t 3 : M a x i m u mp o s i t i v tm
' o m e n td u e t o u n i f o r mr o a c r
!v'l)i x5 rvr i,ll).SJ
rr' . l.l kN/rrr ) l)art Z
I nF i g u
r e ( 1) :
(f 7 ql
l ! l [ r . t r l r L r r: t1t l v l r rr . i , - - -
P a r t l l : I . ' l ttto r c t l c o n t e r r t r ; r l t r li o i r t l, r l I . . ')A ')A

I r ; r r t o l c dl o i t d :
M n , , p, ,, ,=* 1 1 . 7 1 9 k N ' m
v.',,=
l.4wa+ 1.7rvr r v , , =l , t ( 1 7 . 3 f l l ) +1 7 ( 1 3 )
w , , - 4 6 . 4 . J 8k N / r n
Sltuatlon22
F a c t o r e d c o n c e n t r a t e dl o a d a t E : G i v e n :P = 1 2 0 0 k N l,=2.5m
R r .= w " ( 6 . 2 ) R r= 4 6 4 3 8 ( 6 . 2 J M = 3 6 0k N - m T h i c k n e sosf c o n c r e the.,= 0 . 7m
Ii; = 287.9kN B=3m , . = 1 . 5m
T h i c k n e sosf s o i l h

il-{lSituation 21 e=
Eccentricity, T 360
P 12 0 0
e = 0 . 3 m < ( 8 / 6 = 0 5 0mKJ
ii
Net foundationpressure:
P
q' = - _ t _
6M 1200
q' = . - t + 6 f 3 o d l il
L(8) LB' 2.s(3) 2.s(3),
q = - 2 5 6k P aa n d- 5 4k P a
( l ) U n i f o r r nl o a d
Maximumnetfoundation = 2S6kpa
pressure
Minimrrmnetioundation = 64 kpa
pressure
) part 1
) part z
ti
P=270kN P=2i0kN il
Part 3: Grossallowable soilpressure,
q,: it
Q e= Q , - 1 . h . - y , h , il
a qe: effective(net)soilbearingcapacity= 2Sbkpa ill
Ht
r,, 2 5 6= Q "- Z 3 . S ! J ) - 1 8 ( 1 . S )
Itl

l^,,=rro ( 2 )L o r r c e n t r a t e ldo a d s
q" = 299.45 kpa

Part 1: Shearat B due to ccnccntratedand uniform loads itl

ll Sltuatlon23
V r j = [ s 1+ f t s 2 V" = Yr1511,
.U)+ %(270 + 270) T o pb a r , A s:r 3 x =
Vs= 2BB./5 kN { tZSl, i473mm2
bar,A,z=s, + (zs)2
Boftom = z4s4m'.z
Part 2: Maximum
shearat E dueto conccntrated
load Flange Ar= 1100{120)
area, = 1.1!,!QQ
662
In Figure(2):
Ver= 270 kN dcpth,d ;590 - 70= 520mm
Effective
Yn=270-270=0 Barance, 6ood
cdtanb
Vemax = 270 kN '. :"',PitJf,=rulmm
gr=oa5
' '-- -,
itn.i'r.i:o "t,tp,
:
'l-,t tt:i:':":' i:: -
 S t r u c t ur a l E n g i n e e r i n g
2',8 May 2012 and Construction
Civil EngineeringReferenceVol. 3 219
Itart l: S t l c r ) f t l ) o l l t r ' , t t t tl t t t l t t t s t \ r ' l t l r , l n ,I t l t l I l ' 1 , , l i l l l ' l r ' l i l ) . l l A s s u n r i n fg. - f , . r r , dl ' , < f ,
A . l ' 1 5 ' rl r r r r r 'l --(., (.'.
+
i \ r s r r r r u tI t q I A . f ' = 0 f l 5 f ' , r r b + 1",
A'
p.- 1,e11
!-!l' e,.llrt
+ L

{- c-70
+ )2454 x600 - -
r 4 7 3 ( 4 1 5= )0 u 5 [ 21) ( 08 5 c ) ( 3 a 0
l
C

c = 8 0 . 6 8 f f i f i < c b , r r , r r(rfc, t= f 1 , )
l1{) tIill I
r t a n q ( ,a r e a
B 0 - q B -7 0
A r I l / , ( X ) 0r l r n r O f',= 600 . 7 9 4 z s M p . r< f , ( o K )
BO.6B
5 . ) 5r r u r t
; 1= f i r c = 6 8 , 6 m m
A' = 2454 ooooo , /()nrll
M n= C ,( d ; a / 2 ) + C ' ,( d - d ' J
]40 ntnt
M . = 0 . 8 5f , a b ( d - a / 2 ) + A ' , f , ( d - d ' )
M " = C 8 5 ( 2 1 ) ( 6 8 . 6 ) ( 3 4 0 1 ( s- 2608 . e/ 2 )
A f, 085 I ,\, 2 4 5 4 1 451) . 0 f l 5 {2 I ) ' t
+ 2454(1Q425)(520- 70)
, \ , = 5 7 , 0 ( r 2r l l l l . . A ,
=
M , , 2 B 9 . B Bk N - m

A , = b r' ; t 57,062=I100xl
Part 3:
a = 5 1 . ( )n i n r
F a c t o r esdh e a rV, u= 2 2 0k N
220
c=a/llr c = f > l t t r t t < r r , . r r . r r r(Lt .r = l , ) N o m i n aslh e a sr t r e n =L = - 2 5 8 . 8 k2N
" s t hV,n 0 0.85
M , , = ' l - ( -r .l t / 2 ) M,= , A , t , ( d- . r / 2 )
M,= , 2 4 5 4 ( 4 1 5 ) ( 5 2 05 t e l 2 )
ill',= 503.2 kN-nr f-,!Situation24
G i v e n : b = 3 0 0m m f l .= 2 8 M P a
PaIt 2: Negatrvenronl0nt d=480-7U=410mm 0r=0.85
I 1 0 0r n m fy= 415 MPa p-',= L.4ff, = 0.00337
. .Bardiameter,dr,= 20 mm
Al'= 1a7r o o o-
l-25mm :
l-l
a/2 1
Weightof beam,q,,5

Part 1:
= 1.Au= 23.5[0.3
' 0.48J= 3.384kN/m

load,wu- 1.4(3.384
il ' i, ' Factored + 19)+ 1.7(14)
lood,wu= 53.738kN/m
Factored

T ooooo
5- 25mm
_*r It'laximum
fautoredmoment:
A', = 2454
_l_ ' t"=s r"
rtu _
53.738(5)'?
- --!--

M u . 1 6 7 . 9 3k N - m '1.
r

.)ti: :,
-;,vi
 S t r u c t u r a lE n g i n e e r i n g
22O May 2012 and Construction CivifEngineeringReference
Vol,3 221
['art 2: M u z= M u- M , , r= 1 3 7 . 7 9k N - m
M, lti0 kN,rrr
M u z= 0 ' f z ( d - d ' ) 1 3 7 . 7 )x 1 0 , =
, 0 . 9 0A . l ( 4 1 5 ) ( 401 _ 7 0 )
s o l r , i Il 0 l M , , , t o ( l t , t { ' i l ) t J l t rI r ' l t r , l i r { ,1r( ) , ) l l r rl ' \ \ t o i l : l I t i t : t t t , t ' t l t , r i
A.z = 1,08.5rnnr2
0ll5l'Ji,r,{)t) 0 r j ; {l 8 l { { ) i J l ; ) ( i , 0 0 1
.
I't r"
l { { , { r r l. r r r i , l r , r .r .r lri ; 1 A s= A s r+ A s z A , = 2 , 6 5 8+ 1 , 0 8 5
A . = 3 , 7 4 3m m u
i t r ,, , 0 { ) 2 t l tI}

I t , u ,=' ' 0 . 7 51 t r , t)',,'.=002161 4,= dr,2N 3 , 7 4 3 =f [ 2 0 ) 2 N

f
l,
1),,,.,, N = 1 1 , 9s a y 1 2 b a r s
U ) n r . r r= r , r ,, ,, ,- 0 0 . ' | 2 { ) . J
f'

l l , ' ' , , '-, l ' , r ' r " , . ,I , ( 0 . 5 ( t) t t t ., 1 . . 7 2 7 4

M ' ,r r r ,=r 't f R , ',, , , ,h' t l : - . J . J {l .) i k N r r t lJ Situation25

Part 1;
I { c q L r i r cMr l, ,- 2 t l 0l < N - n<r M , , , , , , { s r n g l rvr i n l o r t . r ' r l J Geometric centroid: . 300
A r = 3 0 0 ( 2 5=) 7 5 , 0 0 0
mmz l*----___{
M , '- r pI { , h
, l. 2 t l 0' I 0 ' L )( ) 0l i , ,( . 1 0 l{{t 4 l 0 ) . ' x r= l z i m m
l l , ,- ( r . 1 ( r M
,) I),r J--v
I
A z= 1 8 0 ( 3 5 0=) 5 3 , 0 0 0m m 2 I
. ' -
o" -8" 5
' 't' t
i
I r : H. , xz=ZS0+ 350/2
- - - r - - -
t , - l l
I, xz= 425mm
i Y oirsl
0.8s(2L
8 ) / . z t r r, o c ) . A=Ar+Az=13g,0oomm2
t, - l l - / l -
4ls I ! {rrrs(2fr)
Af =Arxl+A2x2
_ _ 75,0;00(12s)+63,000(42s)
.i,=pLrd A,=00I755(100)(4l0)
,1.=2l59ntnrr 136,000
f =262mm
A.=rdh2N 2159=,{20):N

li = 6.9 :,a'y,
7 bars Part2t PlastitCentroid.
The plasticc?tltroidof a column*oss sectionis the pointthrough which
the
Part 3: resultant column load must passto praduce uniform strain in
Part3: foiliure. It
represenythi locationof the resultant
P" = 240 kN at rnrdspan
force pioducedby kr'r;;i-;;;
concrete.
M , , ,= 1 6 7 . 9 3k N - m ( F l o r rpr a r t I )

p t
M, = + 1 6 7 . 9 3= 4 6 7 . 9 3 k N - m> M u n , , , ^ ( d o u b l y )
:
M u t: M un ' a =
, 3 3 0 . 1 4k N - n r .: . , r.rdil.. .. , ,, .:1..:,
Asl = Asmax. 2,658mmz
.:fj:"rr# r"'#r:,.
|,,ii*|'
;iiirirffir':',;t
..-::'.. .t , i:., r;i-_. ,,.'...-,a,.
224 structuralEngineering
May 2012 ng ReferenceVol. 3
225
P a r t1 :
V . = . 1 7 . k5N ,'.nS,, lh.L-
=o.o9 s ( 3 5 8) [ 21)
3 3 9 . 2=9 0 . 0 ,
"., .. . :: I"n 415
V , -, V , r V . . V , , - l ( ) t )( t ' 1, . \ - i 1 . , ll .*i,
V , ' , ' . 7 1 { ) , 1k N s=20Bmm
V,,- r.lr
V,, V , ,- -{ )8 5 ( 5 7 1 . { ,) 4 ' M i n i m u mr e q u t r e m eanct c o r d i nt go S e c t i o5n, 2 1 . 4 . 4 . 2 :
V ' ,= 4 8 5 . 8 9 k N ' .;" a) b/4=
. 1 1 2 . 5m m
'
,r I't,:',$ b) 6(25)= 150mm
P a r t2 : . ::,:,;. '-
s=230mm ,i',,'*:-.",##c) too+lI9-\-
A"=3x - * -'h(12)+ th(2s.1
!:.=?J!90 2 40)
[{tz1t=33929mmu + v2{12)
A.f,d h x ; 2 7 2 . 5m m
v.= 33e29gMls3s!l
,,
s 2:10 toof,ry =125mm
V , = - J 2 7 . t |k3N
l:.r'..| :'t...1.1..,.
Vu=V,+V. V , = 1 9 66 4 + 3 2 7 . 8 3
V , -, 5 2 44 7 k N u:ies'=112.5mm'
V , , =0 8 5 ( 5 2 4 7 1
V,=, 4 4 5 . 8k N

Pirrt3:
V',. 450 kN ':r:iili:

u.=l-u,, v,=l!9 -re6.64

0 0.85
V .= 3 3 2 . 7 k8 N

A"t"d 33e.2e(41sJ(53s.5)
\= s_
332,780
=
s 2 2 6 .m
6m
Requirements
for Seismic
Design:
4 , ' ' =( 6 0 0 - 2 ' 4 0 J ( 4 5-02 , 4 0 ) =1 9 2 . 4 0 0 m m z
Ac= 600 x 450 = 270,000mm2
Ash= 3 x
! ttZlr= 339.29mm2
h, = , 1 5 0
- 2 { 4 0 1 -1 2= 3 5 8m r r r

shf A..
, . \ h= u . r - ; - l i - _ 1 I| 3 3 9 . 2 g =0 . 3
s(358X21)r270'000
_ -1lI
I u r ,l A . r , ) +ts ltsz,+oo ;
..it
s=155mm
 StructuralEngineering
226 May 2012 and Construction eeringReference
Vot.3
Part 1:
S t r e s sa t m i d s p a nd u e t o l o a d s
\Vht'rrr = 0:
.. Mc
, P , I l7l' ,: 10' Il0l) = - - , _- - l28191o. 3x6 x 1 0 ' ( 9 0 )
l - " _ """ 1o;-
ntl .rrx){600
)
l , = - 7 . 0 8M P a f r i ' r=) - 1 0 0 6 5 l \ 4 P a

Part 2: lvlj t t 1 . 3 6 x1 0 . ( 2 7 0 )
r , . .=, r, .r " r--r
. P 6Pc . 1275xl0' 6 ( 1 2 5 01x0 ' )1( 2 0 ) I l 8 g o rl o ^ -
I'
'
|rl'
- _ - t -
I, t,,t'=--
hh bh 300(60o) 300(600) t i u r= 3 0 . 1 9 4M P a
f , r , , r ,1=. 4 1 7M P a
2: Stress
at bottomfibersdueto serviceloadsandpresrress:
Note:Thereisa lossof prestress
of Z0o/oat serviceloads..
P
f, t,,,r = - -i-
6Pp
:-: , - 1 2 7 5 x 1 0 '6 ( 1 2 5 0 x 1 0 ' ) ( 1 2 0 )
blt hh " ""'- 3oo(6iio) loo(600i
f . t , , r=' - 1 5 . 5 8 3M P a

P a r t3 : .
Since t h es t r e s a
s t h et o p r sz e r o P
, a c t sa t h / 3 f r o mt h cb o t t o nor f t h e
b e ' a mo,r e = h / 2 - l t l 3 ; h l i ,
e = 600/6
e=100mm

Situation28 M(270j
Loads: 8.689=
.: 1890x10"
w a= p , r ' b = 2 . 5 ( 2 . 5 )6=. 2 5k N / m
M : 6 0 . 8 2 2k N - m
w r= p rx b = 6 ( 2 . 5 = ) 1 5k N / r n :--.-iri, ,.
".ti
y 7 r=' ' y A
, = 2 3 . 5' ( 2 2 0 , 0 0/0 1 0 0 0 r =
) 5 . 1 7k N / m

Totalserviceload,w = wd+ wt + wo = 26.42kN/m

wL 26.421e)'
Momentatnlidspan,"=, = -_f=_=211.36kN-m

dueto initialpresses:
Stiesses
e=y?-yt=270-75=195mm

- P P+ -e c - ?r750.000)
+
( 2 2 0 , 0 0 01x9 5 ) ( 9 0 )
I t o' D : - - [t.p=--
d l
l
220,000 l890x l0'
= 7,11MPa
ft,,p

D Pec 2(750,000)(220,000x1e5)(270)
frnt=-j* " =
-:-'
l&i - ----:-
I 2zo,ooo tSgoxtoo
froi: .4$:604_M.1,
" ) Part1
 StructuralEngineering
228 May 2012 and Construction ng ReferenceVol.3
229
S i t u a t i o n2 9 Part 3:
-.-, 24\
I ) e a dl o a d ,P r r= 7 4 0 k N '
, x : Y 2 ( 2 4 0- . 3 5=) 1 . 0 2n5r
l . i v el o a d ,P r = 4 6 0 k N

F a c t o r e di t . r a dP, , ,= 1 . 4 P r+r l . 7 P t = l , U l l Jk N

l s ep r e s s u r eq,' , ,= - L =
I ' a c t r ; r ebc a
t'ult
= 3 1 5 . 6 2 5k p a
. :
M u= q , , 2 . 4 ( x ) ( x l 2 )
M , - 3 1 5 . 6 2 5 ( 2 . 40) (215 1/ zt
' M u= 3 9 7 . 9 2 4
kN-nr
E
::'.0"::"W::N...-L t:
A,,, 2.4(2.4) 0 Rub d2
i;,i':' ,, ",l'.,Mu= N

Effectivedepth, d = 450 * 90 = 360 mm

Parts 1 & 2: Factoredshearon footing,V":

2 . 4m Wide-beaq,6"u,
0.s5f"I . f 2 R - l
gft
(rnr(; 5e(tron.5+1 , ,1{-:.
.)
' ; L1l
r - , 1 - I
f ,, l
o.Bs
o.asizo.zl
----]- [. E-Ura^ 1
E 27s [ ! 0ns(20.7]
c
;.,i . p = 0 . 0 0 C d > ( p n ' n =1 . 4 , , ! , = 0 . 0 0 5 0 9 )
A,= 0.0054(2400X360)
A.= 4653mm2 '

Wide-beam
shear P u n c h i n gs h e a r
Jtf:
d=0.36m
Widebeamshear:
x = T 1 ( 2 .-4 0 . 3 5 -) d = 0 . 6 6 5m
! u = q ux A r e a V , = 3 1 5 . 6 2 '5 ( 2 . 4 ) ( 0 . 6 6 5 )
V" = 503.74kN I Part I

Punchingshear:
rr=0.4+d=0.75m
x,=0.35+d=0.71m
'yu= qux
Area V" " 315.625x [2.42- 0.76(0.7
1)l
V, = 1647.7kN ) Part 2

?t
3l:
',,.*