DESIGN PROPOSAL

CANTILEVER CHALLENGE - 2017

GROUP MEMBERS :

140556V R.M.K. Sadamal140556V

140560D M.A.R Sandaruwan
140568J K. Sasitharan
140659C M.D.C. Perera
140666H D.S. Wickramasingha
MODULE :Structural Analysis II (CE3112)

DATE OF PRE :06/04/2017

DATE OFSUB :24/04/2017

(I) DESIGN OF THE BEAM

Roll couple of sheets

(II) CONNECTION DETAILS AT THE SUPPORT

(III) ESTIMATED MATERIAL

(1) A4 80gsm paper properties
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

* Machine and Cross Direction (Directionality of Paper)

Fourdrinier papers generally have from 1.5 to 2.0 times the tensile in the MD compared to CD.
Cylinder-machine can have much higher ratio, up to 5.0 or above. The sheet which has all
relevant properties same or almost same in both direction are known as 'square sheet'.

STRENGTH PROPERTIES
 * Bursting Strength
Typical Bursting Strength Values

Grade kPa
Bond Office/Business Paper (80 g/m2) 250-300

* Tearing Resistance
Typical Tearing Resistance (Strength)

Office/Business Paper (80g/m2) 500 600 ( unit )

* Maximum tensile stress - 0.45 N/mm2

* design tensile strength= 0.8 *0.45 (here 0.8 is assumed safety factor)

= 0.36 N/mm2

(2) Sellotape properties

This is good in tension and the tape glue is good in shear.

(IV) EXPECTED LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY AND FAILURE

MECHANISM (PRIOR PREPARATIONS CARRIED OUT
INCLUDED)
1. Computer Modeling (Sap 2000) and Prior Preparation Carried Out.
In the lab experiment the failure load of the beam is 0.008KN
According to the experiment, the failure occurs in the top of tension member connection due to pull
apart the tape. That means the glue in the tape (1cm) is much weaker in tension. In typical scenario, the
glue is good in shear. The tension capacity is nearly 0.03 KN. (according to experiment).
So assume that the whole structure fails in tension in tape glue.(since the tape property cannot be
changed and also shear property can be improved by taping parallel but the tension ability of glue
cannot be increased by providing more tape)
Here the paper beam is idealized as a weightless cantilever pinned at one end and carry load at other
end
So we load the beam, up to the tension force in tape glue reach to 0.03 KN with the help of sap 2000 to
find the failure load. The supports are pinned.
With the actual dimensions of the cantilever beam keeping the tension glue failure as 0.03KN

We end up with 2.1 Kg is the failure load for the cantilever with the assumption. Now we have to
check whether the bending strength and tension carrying capacity are satisfactory or not.
Idealize paper beam as a Hollow Cylindrical Cantilever (outer diameter of 15cm and inner diameter of
13cm) supported by a tensile member (paper made) with pinned support conditions at one end and
loaded other end.
Assume failure load of sellotape in tension of the glue is 0.03kN.
Total self-weight of cantilever beam (25 papers) =0.0001kN is negligible
2

0.03kN T

0. 25cm
T

1
0.25cm 0.30cm
1 P (load at failure)

= 0.047
1 = 0.03
= 0.021
Assume beam for simple bending

Maximum bending moment occur at 0.25m from pinned end of 0.042kNm

1 = 6.5, 2 = 7.5
 = 1.083 105 4 , = 6.5

= 0.042 , = 0.2 N/mm2

Design stress = 1.5 *0.2 (1.5 is an assumed safety factor)

= 0.3 N/mm2

(0.3 N/mm2) < (0.36 N/mm2)

Therefore safer in tension.

Safe in compression also.

Because if 100s of paper bind together tightly and apply lateral supports (two steel plates in
either sides) and apply compression it will withstand the compression load for certain extent
without fail. So its compression strength is similar to tension strength.

Therefore the cantilever beam is safer in bending.

There is no local buckling since we rotate the paper enough thicker.

Axial force in the tension member when applied the failure load = 0.047 kN

Tension stress= 0.047 * 103 /210*0.1 N/mm2 = 0.22 N/mm2

Design tensile stress = 1.5 * 0.22

= 0.33 N/mm2

(0.33 N/mm2) < (0.36 N/mm2)

So the tension member is safe.

So the expected safe load is 2.1 kg.

REFERANCE
* http://www.paperonweb.com/paperpro.htm

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_paper