Table of Content

Abstract
Introduction
Objective
Components and equipment required
Procedure
-Measuring the total resistance in a parallel circuit
-Measuring the total resistance in series-parallel circuit
-Measuring voltage and current in parallel circuit
Analysis
Discussion
Conclusion
Abstract
In this lab, we have done is to the study the resistance, current, voltage, parallel and resistive
circuit. Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of
electric charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static
electricity, electromagnetic induction and electric current. An electric circuit is a path in which
electrons from a voltage or current source flow. The point where those electrons enter an
electrical circuit is called the "source" of electrons. The point where the electrons leave an
electrical circuit is called the "return" or "earth ground" .The first principle to understand about
parallel circuits is that the voltage is equal across all components in the circuit. This is because
there are only two sets of electrically common points in a parallel circuit, and voltage measured
between sets of common points must always be the same at any given time. Just as in the case of
series circuits, the same caveat for Ohms Law applies: values for voltage, current, and resistance
must be in the same context in order for the calculations to work correctly.
Motivation
Introduction
First of all ,I would like to thank my lecturer for giving us an opportunity to make experiment.
In this eksperimen, we are measure of resistance, current and voltage in parallel resisitive
circuit.In a series circuit, the current through each of the components is the same, and the voltage
across the circuit is the sum of the voltages across each component. In a parallel circuit, the
voltage across each of the components is the same, and the total current is the sum of the currents
through each component.

A parallel circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through. Voltage is the same
across each component of the parallel circuit. The sum of the currents through each path is equal
to the total current that flows from the source.

A circuit composed solely of components connected in series is known as a series circuit;

likewise, one connected completely in parallel is known as a parallel circuit. The electrical

-V=IR (to calculate voltage)

-R=V/I (to calculate Resistance) and;
-I= V/R (to calculate Current)
Most circuits have more than one component, called a resistor that limits the flow of charge in
the circuit. A measure of this limit on charge flow is called resistance. The simplest combinations
of resistors are the series and parallel connections. The total resistance of a combination of
resistors depends on both their individual values and how they are connected.

Objective

1. Measuring the total resistance of the parallel circuit

2. Measuring the total resistance of the series parallel circuit

3. Measuring voltage and current in the Parallel circuit

Components and equipment required

1. Resistors of different values

2. Breadboard

3. DC supply

4. Multimeter

5. Jumper wires

Procedure
Measuring the total resistance in a parallel circuit

1. The circuit as shown in Figure 2.1 on the breadboard was connected.

Figure 2.1: Resistors in parallel.

 2. The total resistance, theoretically using formula was measured.

3. The value of the total resistance, using a digital multimeter was measured
4. The values in the Table 2.1 was recorded.

Measuring the total resistance in series-parallel circuit.

1. The circuit as shown in Figure 2.2 on the breadboard was connected.

Figure 2.2: Resistors in series-parallel.

 1. The total resistance, theoretically using formula was measured.

2. The value of the total resistance, using a digital multimeter was measured.

3. The value in the Table 2.1 was recorded.

Measuring voltage and current in parallel circuit.

1. The circuit in Figure 2.1 with 10V DC supply was recorded.

2. The theoretical value of , 1, 2 and 3 was recorded.
3. The theoretical value of 1, 2 and 3 was measured.
4. All the values of , 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 and 3 using a digital multimeter were recorded.
.

Analysis
Theoretical value of resistance
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
5600 3900 2000 4600 1000

Measuring the total resistance in a parallel circuit

Theoretical 1.069
Measured 1.04
Percentage of difference 2.7
Measuring the total resistance in a series-parallel circuit
Theoretical 7630
Measured 10.67
Percentage of difference -39.84

Measuring voltage and current in parallel circuit

R1 R2 R3
Current(Ma Theoretical 1.7 2.56 5
) Measured 1.82 2.61 5.12
Percentage of -7.05 -1.95 -2.9
 difference(%)
Voltage(V) Theoretical 10 10 10
Measured 9.91 9.91 9.91
Percentage of 9 9 9
difference(%)
Total Theoretical 9.61
current. I Measured 9.55
Percentage of 0.6
difference(%)

Discussion
Series Circuit
In a series connection, components are connected end to end, so that current flows first through
one, then through the other. In the series connection, the current goes through one lamp and then
the other. The lamps are strung together end to end.

Parallel Circuit

In the parallel connection, each lamp has its own direct connection to the battery. This
arrangement avoids the if-one-fails-they-all-fail nature of series connections. In a parallel
connection, the components do not depend on each other for their connection to the battery.
Thus, if one lamp burns out, the other will continue to burn.

Rule for voltage in series circuit

Components in a series circuit share the same current. Itotal = I1 = I2 = . . . In

Total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances, making
it greater than any of the individual resistances. Rtota l= R1 + R2 + . . . Rn
Total voltage in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual voltage drops. E total =
E1 + E2 + . . . En
Conclusion
From the experiment we achieve the objective of the experiment to measure the total
resistance of the parallel circuit, to measure the total resistance of the series parallel
circuit and to measure voltage and the current in parallel circuit. Through this experiment
we can know that electricity cant be seen by naked eyes but can be detected by some
tools. This experiment give me knowledge about resistance and electricity.