Department of petrochemical

College of Technical Engineering

Duhok polytechnic University
Physic lab
Name of student : mohammed akram
Group:A
Name of Experiment :Experimental
uncertainty (error)
No, of Experiment: (2)
Date :23-11-2016
Introduction:

Many different words are used to define (or advertise)

how well a meter will perform measurement. These
include: accuracy, uncertainty, error (systematic and
bias), repeatability, hysteris and reproducibility.
Without getting into a detailed lesson instatistics,
the term uncertainty is defined as the statement of
test data to a limit of which 95% of the data taken
will fall.
This is also defined as two standard deviations of the
data. This definition of performance has become popular
to use in the Oil and Gas business.
There are several problems with this definition. First,
there has been no specified procedure by an industry or
governmental agency that defines the test. Second, the
tests are normally run in a laboratory environment
under controlled conditions, but the meter is then used
in the field under poor operating conditions and the
applicability of the data can be questioned.

CONTENTS
Errors: Random and Systematic
oRandom Error
oSystematic Error
Reporting Measurements
oSignificant Figures
oError Propagation
oAbsolute and Percentage Uncertainties
oGraphical Techniques
Random errors occur if there is an equal probability of
the reading being too high or too low from one
measurement to the next. One example of random error
is variation in the volume of glassware due to
temperature fluctuation The effect of random error can be
reduced through repeated experimental trials, since there
is an equal
probability of them being high or low each time a reading
is taken.

Systematic errors may result from an uncalibrated

instrument or consistent misreading of an instrument
.Readings will consistently be either too high or too low,
thus, repeated trials will not reduce systematic
error. Note that an instrument with systematic error may
still be useful if it is used to measure a differencethe
systematic errors will cancel out if the readings from the
instrument are used to monitor a change.

Procedure:
1-determine the mass in grams of each of the given
objects by using the laboratory object.
 3
2-determine the value in cm of the regular shaped
objects with the aid of the vernier calipers and ruler and
appropriate volume formula.
3-then we got the result.

Calculation:

1-for wood block

dimension Wood block Uncertainty error

Length(cm) 11.9 0.05
Width(cm) 78 0.05
Height(cm) 3 0.05
Mass(g) 102.79 0.05

2-for steel ball

dimension Wood block Uncertainty

error
Radius(cm) 0.635
Mass(g) 8.35

3-for metal cylinder

dimension Iron cylinder Uncertainty error
Diameter(cm) 3.25 0.005
Height(cm) 5.3 0.005
Mass(g) 343.55 0.005

Questions:
1-does the density of the material depend on the size or
shape of the object of which is made?
Ans: No. It depends only on the total mass and total volume

2-what do you expect to be the density of two balls with

the same metal but in different mass and volume?and
why?
Ans: it will be the different density.because Density (d)
depends upon the mass (m) and volume(v) of a substance. The mass
depends upon the amount of matter in a substance, whereas volume is the
amount of space that a substance takes up. Mathematically, density is equal
to a ratio where d = m/v. Although mass and volume are extensive properties
(depend upon how much matter is present)

3-what is the difference between mass density and

weight density (you may need to check your text book for
difinitions)?
Ans:
Mass density represents the mass (or number of particles) per
unit volume of a substance.
Weight density is the weight per unit volume of a substance or
object.

4-calculation of the radius of a lead sphere from

measurement of its mass data. Mass m=43.86 + 0.01 g
 3
(density of lead from table=11.34g/ cm ).find error
expected of radius of lead sphere?
Ans:

5-what error you might had during this experiment and

why?
Ans: