Case Study: 30 St Mary Axe by Abbas Riazibeidokhti

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Submitted to: Gnel, Tanyer, Ilgn Fall 2011
HISTORYOFTHESITE THEDESIGNPROCESS
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
30ST.MARYAXE

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DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE / BUILDING SCIENCE PROGRAM
ThesitewaspreviouslyoccupiedbytheBalticExchange,Whichseverely
severel TheFoster+PartnersSpecialistModelingGroups (SMG)jobistohelpthe
o help he
ASUSTAINABLELANDMARKINLONDON

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damagedbyabombingin1992. e of AD (computer
architectstomakevirtualmodelsoftheprojectsbytheuseofCAD(computer
ry A 1
OfficialName:30St.MaryAxe aideddesign)tools.
the damage s s
Therewasatendencytorestoretheoldbuilding,butasthedamagewassever,

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AlternativeNames:SwissReTower,TheGherkin
es: Swiss Re Tower, The G
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on, ed Kingdom 1
Location:London,UnitedKingdom
GN CONSIDERATIO
STUDIES ON TALL BUILDINGS: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
S S
1
itwasdecidedforanewcommercialbuilding.4 ve a variety geometry fea
Theyhaveusedparametricdesigninordertohaveavarietygeometryfeatures
ign option in a ve
andenablethemtoexploreahugerangeofdesignoptionsinaveryshort

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Fall 2011-2012
11-2012 Office 1
Usage:Office periodoftime.5
Height(Architectural):179.80m
t (Architectural): 179 1
Case Study:
S 30
0 St Mary Axe 1
NumberofStories:41Above,1BelowGround
N r of ies

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by
Construction:20002004
Con ion: 20 1
Abbas
bas Riazibeidokhti
eidokh
DesignArchitect:Foster+Partners
esig h 1

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Assoc.P
Submitted to: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Mehmet Halis Gnel StructuralEngineer:
ruc OveArup&Partners 1

E E E ME
oc.Prof. Ali Murat Tanyer
Assoc.Prof.Dr. MainContractor:SkanskaAS
Ma 1
Arch. H.Emre Ilgn (MSc.) StructuralSystem:TrussedTube 3
StructuralMaterial:Steel 1

M M M
Elevators:24 1
RoofSystem:Dome 2
Photo:Foster+Partners
o: Foster+Part
TheBalticExchangebuildingbeforeandafterthebombing SomeVirtualparametricModelsofthearchitectsideasdonebytheSMG
ome

LeftPhoto:www.habitables.co.uk RightPhoto:www.not4attribution.blogspot.com Photo:courtesyBradyPeters

1)CTBUH,2)Emporis,3)Yuksek Binalar

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THEDESIGNPROCESS THEDESIGNPROCESS THEDESIGNPROCESS THEDESIGNPROCESS

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Thedigitalsimulationmodelhas shownthattheconicalshape responds
esponds Byuseofthecomputermodelandsimulation ofwindcurrentsaroundthetower,
around the tower, Experienceofcreatingtheparametricmodel Aradialfloorplan withsixfingersspreadingoutfromacentralcorehasusedin
core has use n

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bettertoair currents thanasquare one. 5 architectshavetriedtoreachtotheexactshape. ofthetower; s.7 The
thebuilding.Thiscorecontainselevators andotherservices. Thecoreto
ore to
Moreover,conicalshapedecreasesthewindturbulence,andcreateswind
and cre nd them to ea
Theadvantageofusingparametricmodeling,hashelpedthemtodecideabout some alternatives (byAbbasRiazibeidokhti) 13.1m.8
perimeter lengthsdifferindifferentfloorsfrom6.4m to13.1m.

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pressuretoassistthenaturalventilation. 4 shapeofbuilding,asitprovidesalargevarietyofshapestobeconsidered.
f shape o b onsidered
public use 6
Italsocreatesasmallfootprinttomaximizethepublicuse.

B B
T U T
M E Thewindeffect onsquare shape,orcylindrical shapetower
M E
Thecomputersimulationofwind
Th co
bloweffectonthetower
Tryingdifferentshapesbyuseof
parametricmodel
M E A Floor Plan
AFloorPlan
oftheBuilding
o the

Photo:www.architectureweek.com Photos:www.architectureweek.com ParametricModelCreatedByAbbas Riazibeidokhti DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti

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THEDESIGNPROCESS THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM

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Thefloorsfingerscreatelightwells forlightpenetrationandnatural
ural The30St.MaryAxetowerisanexampleofTrussedTube Diagrid isastructuralsystemmadeoftriangularstructuresandhorizontalrings,
horizontal rings, Thediagrid structuralsystemhasbeenwidelyusedforrecenttallbuildingsdue
l buildings due

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ventilation.4 Eachfloorrotates5degreesfromtheonebelowit.
ow 8 This
Thisrotation
rotation structuralsystem.3 whichisasuitablesystemforhighrisebuildings.9 toitsstructuralefficiencyandaestheticpotentials.10
simplifiestheairmovementandletthelighttocomedeepintothebuilding.
ep into din Inotherwords,themainweightiscarriedbytheouter

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diagrid (diagonalgrid)structure.

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U T U
The Arrangem
TheArrangementofBuildingsFloors

M E
TTheTrussedTubestructuralsystemoftheBuilding
Tru
M E TheDiagrid SystemUsedintheGherkinTower,anditsJoints
M E
TheDiagrid
The Diagrid Patt
Building
Buildin
Patternofthe

LeftPhoto:Yuming Shen ,GreenDesign&theCityBuildings RightPhoto:www.aviewoncities.com LeftPhoto:Foster+Partners RightPhoto:DominicMunro,MAMIStructE,Ove ArupandPartners,London DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti LeftPhoto:IanMcCain, DiaGrid:StructuralEfficiency&IncreasingPopularity DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti

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THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM THESTRUCTURALSYSTEM

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Morethantheouterdiagrid structure,therealsoexistasetofcolumns
olumns which
which Eachflooriscircularandcontainsaninnerringattachedtothecolumns,andan
olumn and n Theradialbeamssupportsteeldecking basedcompositefloorslabs.Thesizeof
labs. The siz of

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elevato and other
mainlycarrytheweightofcentralservicecore, containingelevatorsandother outerring attachedtothetrussedtubestructure. at each vel.
thecoreisconstant,buttheouterfloorsvary indiameterateachlevel.
services.11 eams.
Theseringsareattachedtoeachotherbyuseofradialbeams.

BS BS
TU
M E
TheColumnsWhichCarry
The Columns Whi
Weight of he
WeightoftheServiceCore

ME TheRadialBeamsAttachingtheColumns totheDiagrid Structure

Th

ME
TheRadialBeamsSupporttheFloorSlabs
The Radial B
DrawnByAbbas
Drawn B Riazibeidokhti
ME DrawnBy
Abbas Riazibeidokhti
DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti RightPhoto:BillFedun,30St.MaryAxebyFosterandPartners,2005
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Atthetoppartofthetower,underthedomeoff REFERENCES:

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provides a
building,thereexistsarestaurant whichprovidesa 1 www.CTBUH.org,CTBUHTallBuildingsDatabase
360degreesview ofLondon.

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2 www.emporis.com
3 Yuksek Binalar,M.Halis Gunel &H.Emre Ilgin,2010

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4 SwissReBuilding,CasestudybyChrisStevens,2009 09
5 MarianneFreiberger ,Perfectbuildings:themaths hs ofmodernarchitecture,2007,
moder architec

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MillenniumMathematicsProject,UniversityofCambridge
sity of Cambridge
and rtners. 4 October
6 SwissReHQ,30St.MaryAxe.FosterandPartners.4October2009.
www.fosterandpartners.com/Projects/1004/Default.aspx
oje 04/Default.a

U
7 Spring,Martin.30StMaryAxe:Agherkintosuitalltastes.
M e: A to suit
Building.co.uk.2008Issue16.6October2009.
Issu 16 obe

T
www.building.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=3111783
co.uk/story.asp?storycod

E
8 Yumingg Shen,GreenDesignandtheCityBuildings:TheGherkin,LondonOctober15,
She en D and th
2009
9 Ian
IanMcCain, DiaGrid:StructuralEfficiency&IncreasingPopularity
McCain, D tr

M M
10
0 K.K.Moon,DesignandConstructionofSteelDiagrid
Moon, Design Structures,Schoolof
Architecture,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,USA,2009
chitecture, Ya
11 MCRMA(TheMetalCladding&RoofingManufacturersAssociationLTD),30St
MCRM
MaryAxeLondon,CaseStudy001
Mary
DrawnByAbbas Riazibeidokhti Photos:BillFedun,30St.MaryAxebyFosterandPartners,2005