Manila Water Company Water Safety Plan Overview

Manila Water Company, Inc.
Water Safety Plans

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
I. Introduction 3
II. Background 9
III. Water Supply System 11

A. Raw Water Sources 11
A.1 Angat Dam 11
A. 2 Ipo Dam 12
A.3 La Mesa Dam 13
A.4 Route of Water 14
B. The Balara 1 and 2 Treatment Plants 18
B.1 Coagulation/Flocculation 18
B.2 Sedimentation 19
B.3 Filtration 19
B.4 Disinfection 21
C. San Rafael Treatment Plant 24
D. Ground Water Sources 27
D.1 Jala-Jala and Taytay Treatment Plants 29
D.2 Curayao Treatment Plants 34
E Reservoirs and Pumping Stations 36
IV. Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment 47
B. Water Treatment
B.1 Balara Treatment Plant 1 51
B.3 Sludge Management Facility 59
B.4 San Rafael Treatment Plant 61
C. Ground Water Sources 65
C.1 Jala-Jala and Taytay Treatment Plant 67
C.2 Curayao Treatment Plant 70
D. Reservoirs and Pumping Stations 72
E. Distribution 75

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V. Corrective Actions 83
B. Water Treatment
B.3 Sludge Management Facility 98
B-4 San Rafael Treatment Plant 100
C. Ground Water Sources 106
C.1 Jala-Jala and Taytay Treatment Plant 110
C.2 Curayao Treatment Plant 114
D. Reservoirs and Pumping Stations 117
E. Distribution 121
VI. Verification 130
VII. Validation Activities 136
VIII. Documentation 140
IX. Support Programs 141
X. Emergency Management Procedures 144
XI. Audit, Review and Revision 149
XII. References 149
APPENDIX A. List of Standby Deepwells 150

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I. INTRODUCTION
Drinking water is one of the basic needs of the general public. Manila
Water Company Inc, as a water company which provides water to the East Zone
of Metro Manila, commits itself not only in providing a 24-hour water supply
and adequate pressure, but also in maintaining high quality of water that it
distributes to the customers. With the guidance of MWSS-Regulatory Office,
sampling points and certain tests are defined based on the source of water.
Samples from the water treatment plants are being submitted daily to the
laboratory for the testing of other parameters. Several sampling points from the
distribution system are also monitored monthly for bacteriological analysis.
Although the defined sampling locations are monitored on a regular basis,
this quality control may not be enough to assure the quality of water before it
leaves the treatment plants, or when water are retained in reservoirs. Certain
incidents such as pipe bursts in the distribution system or the break-down of
chlorinators in the treatment plants highly affect the quality of water being
distributed to the customers. These incidents, however unlikely, may lead to the

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contamination of the water system which may render the water unfit for human
consumption. To address this challenge, the Water Safety Plan is developed.
A Water Safety Plan (WSP) has two (2) major functions
1) To ensure that water supply is safe for human consumption, and
2) That meets the health based standards and other regulatory
requirements.
It is based on a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management
approach to all the steps in a water supply chain from catchment to consumer.
The objectives of a water safety plan are to ensure safe-drinking water
through the following approach:
Prevent contamination of source water
Treat the water so as to reduce or remove contaminants that could be
present in the water to a level that meets water quality targets, and
Prevent re-contamination during storage, distribution and handling of
potable water.

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Manila Water Company, Inc., in its commitment to maintaining the high
quality of water distributed to its customers, developed a Water Safety Plan
which is a tool in the improvement of existing water quality monitoring all over
the East Concessionaire Area. A multi-discipline team from different
departments was organized to develop methodologies and plans to oversee and
maintain high level of water quality from the supply source down to the
distribution system.
Figure 1 shows the organizational chart of the multi-disciplined team.

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FIGURE 1. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
OPERATIONS GROUP
DIRECTOR
Water Safety Plan - OIC
WATER RESOURCES WATER TREATMENT DISTRIBUTION SUPPORT
Common Purpose Treatment Facility Pumping Stations Laboratory Services

Facility Manager Section Head Facility Managers
Headworks Manager Balara TP 1 & 2 Network Managers Reliability and

Facility Managers Maintenance Solutions
Watershed Mngt Supplementary Business Area Business Continuity

Section Head Sources Facility Management Team
Managers
Program Management Water Supply Headline Systems Operation

Control
Project Managers

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The Water Safety Plans developed by the Manila Water Company focused
on the following:
1. Description of the supply system
Raw Water Sources
Water Treatment Plants
Ground Water Sources
Reservoirs/Pumping Stations
Distribution System
2. Risk Assessment
Identification of Hazards and Hazardous Event and their existing
control measures
Classifying the hazard according to likelihood and severity
Identifying the critical limits and the existing monitoring of the
high and medium risks hazardous event including the responsible
personnel/area
Identifying the immediate corrective action if the existing control
fails
Identifying long term corrective actions and their corresponding
responsible person/area/department

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3. Describing and identifying verification activities
4. Identifying validation activities for the different elements of the Water
Safety Plan
5. Describing documentation schemes to maintain Water Safety Plan
6. Description of programs to review and audit
7. Identification of Support Programs
8. Emergency Management Procedures

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II. BACKGROUND
Manila Water was formed in 1997 when the Philippine government
privatized the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS).
Before privatization, Metro Manilas access to water was very limited. In fact,
only 26% of the total population had access to 24-hour supply of potable
water, leaving the rest of the east zone with only a few hours or no access to
safe drinking water at all. Unfortunately, most of those without access to
water belonged to the low-income groups living in informal settlements
which had to buy vended water for private water vendors at such exorbitant
cost.
System loss or non-revenue water was very high at 63%. These losses
could be attributed to the age-old pipe system that was inherited from
MWSS. The proliferation of illegal connections particularly in depressed areas
contributed much to the high unaccounted-for water. This was one of the
major challenges that Manila Water had to address at the onset.
Similarly, the problem of illegal connections had given rise to water
quality problems because of contamination of lines. Illegal tapping and use of
booster pumps have aggravated the worse water quality situation at the start
of operations.

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Now, 12 years since privatization, Manila Water has increased its
water supply coverage to over 6.1 million residents from only 3.1 million in
1997 in the East Concessionaire Area. The East Concessionaire Area includes
cities of Mandaluyong, Pasig, Makati and Marikina, most parts of Quezon
City, cities and municipalities of San Juan, Rizal, Taguig and Pateros, and
some parts of Manila. Having a water network of more than 3,000 kilometers,
Manila Water currently operates a significant number of water treatment
facilities with a total capacity of 1660 million liters per day (MLD).

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III. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
A. RAW WATER SOURCES
The Angat-Ipo-La Mesa Dam Raw Water System is currently the
major source of water for Metro Manila. The water abstracted from it is
treated in two facilities - The Balara Treatment Plant (Manila Water
Company, Inc.) and La Mesa Treatment Plant (Maynilad Water Services
Inc.).
A.1 ANGAT DAM
The Angat Reservoir and Dam are located at the Angat River in San
Lorenzo, Norzagaray, Bulacan. The facilities were constructed from 1964
to 1967 and have been operational since 1968. They have multi-purpose
functions:
To provide irrigation to about 31,000 hectares of land in 20
municipalities and towns in Pampanga and Bulacan;
To supply the domestic and industrial water requirements of
residents in Metro Manila;
To generate hydroelectric power to feed the Luzon Grid; and
To reduce flooding to downstream towns and villages.

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The principal river, Angat River, originates from the western flank
of the Sierra Madre Mountains. It then cuts through the mountainous
terrain in a westerly direction to the dam site. The elevation within the
watershed rises to a maximum of 1,115 meters at the Sierra Madre
Mountain range and is lowest at the dam site at 100 meters. It has three
major tributaries, namely, the Talaguio, Catmon and Matulid Rivers. The
Angat Watershed has a moderate to intensive forest cover and has a
drainage area of about 568 square kilometers, which receives an average
annual rainfall of about 4,200 millimeters.
The Angat Dam is a rockfill dam with a spillway equipped with
three gates at a spilling level of 219 meters. Its storage capacity is about
850 million cubic meters. Water supply to the MWSS is released through
five auxiliary turbines where it is diverted to the two tunnels going to the
Ipo Dam.
A.2 IPO DAM
The Ipo Dam is a gravity concrete dam located about 7.5 kilometers
downstream of the Angat Dam near its confluence with the Ipo River in
Bulacan. It was completed in January 1984 with a maximum storage

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capacity of 7.5 million cubic meters, an increase of about 2,500 million
liters per day (MLD) from the old Ipo Dam, which used to be located 200
meters upstream of the new dam.
The spill level of the dam is at an elevation of 101 meters and it has
seven radial floodgates. The watershed topography is characterized by
mountainous terrain similar to the Angat Reservoir Watershed with
moderate forest cover. The watershed has an area of about 70 square
kilometers and receives an average annual rainfall of 3,500 millimeters.
Tributaries to the Angat River at this section include the Ipo, Sapa Pako
and Sapa Anginon Rivers. These tributaries drain into the Angat River
from the eastern section of the watershed.
Water from the dam is diverted to the Novaliches Portal and the La
Mesa Dam through three intake structures going down to three
connecting tunnels into five connecting aqueducts.
A.3 LA MESA DAM
The La Mesa Dam is an earth dam located in Novaliches, Quezon
City. It was first erected in 1929 and then further raised in 1959 to a
maximum storage capacity of 50.5 million cubic meters. Overflow level of

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the dam is at an elevation of 80.15 meters. The watershed has an area of 27
square kilometers, which receives an average annual rainfall of 2,000
millimeters.
A.4 ROUTE OF WATER
From the Angat Dam, water flows through two concrete diversion
tunnels down to the Ipo Dam. The Ipo Dam serves as an intermediate
intake and water is then conveyed through three intake structures at the
dam going to three connecting tunnels. Both Tunnels 1 and 2 have a
length of 6,400 meters each and have a capacity of 760 MLD and 1,890
MLD, respectively. Tunnel 3 is about 6,100 meters long and has a capacity
of 2,000 MLD.
Water from the three tunnels flows to three settling basins in Bicti,
Norzagaray which are then connected to five Bicti-Novaliches aqueducts.
Aqueduct Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5 are each about 15 kilometers long while
Aqueduct No. 4 is about 1,650 meters long and each comprises multiple
segments of pipe siphon and tunnel. Aqueducts 1 and 2 share common
tunnel segments interconnected with parallel dual pipe siphons and have
a combined capacity of 380 MLD. Part of the flow at Basin 1 is diverted to

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Aqueduct No. 3 that has a capacity of 830 MLD. Aqueduct Nos. 4 and 5
have a capacity of 1,250 MLD and 2,000 MLD, respectively. The five
aqueducts can deliver a maximum capacity of 4,500 MLD at the
Novaliches Portal.
At the Novaliches Portal most of the water is conveyed through
three open channels going to La Mesa Treatment Plants 1 and 2 and the
Balara Treatment Plant. The rest of the water goes directly to the La Mesa
Dam. The La Mesa Dam has three intake structures, with three connecting
aqueducts to the Balara Treatment Plant ranging from 7,500 and 6,700
meters long. Both Aqueduct Nos. 1 and 2 have the same capacity of 565
MLD while Aqueduct No. 3 has a capacity of 1,140 MLD.
Aqueduct No. 3 is joined by the 1,700 meter Balara Bypass that is
connected at the Novaliches Portal and has the same capacity as the said
aqueduct. From Aqueduct No. 3, water flows to Balara Treatment Plant
No. 2 while the water from Aqueduct No. 1 goes to Balara Treatment
Plant No. 1. Water from Aqueduct No. 2 is diverted either to Balara
Treatment Plant No. 1 or 2. Another bypass located at the interconnecting
line between the Balara Bypass and Aqueduct No. 3 is connected to
Aqueduct No. 1. This bypass is operated when the La Mesa level falls

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`below 71 meters to divert the water directly to the Balara Treatment Plant
instead of to the dam to prevent further water losses at the dam due to
seepage and evaporation.
At the Alat River near Novaliches, a low weir with flashboards on
the ogee crest diverts stream flows through an aqueduct going to the La
Mesa Dam. The aqueduct is about 2,000 meters long and has a capacity of
380 MLD.
The schematic diagram of the flow of water from sources to the
treatment plant is illustrated in Figure 2.

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FIGURE 2. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE FLOW OF WATER SOURCES TO THE TREATMENT
PLANTS

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B. THE BALARA 1 AND 2 TREATMENT PLANTS
Water Treatment in Balara Treatment Plants 1 and 2 consists of four
processes, namely, i) coagulation/flocculation, ii) sedimentation, iii) filtration
and iv) disinfection or chlorination.
B-1 Coagulation/Flocculation
In the coagulation/flocculation processes, coagulants and coagulant
aids are mixed uniformly with water to be treated to allow bridging or
adhesion of individual particles into flocs that settle more easily. This is
accomplished by a slow, extended mixing process that converts minute
particles into discrete, suspended particles. Aluminum Sulfate or Alum is
used as a primary coagulant and polymers as coagulant aid. The dosing
of Alum depends on the turbidity level of the raw water. Jar tests are
conducted regularly to determine proper dose, yet a simple table
correlating alum dose and turbidity level is employed.
Liquid alum is dosed in the inlet channels immediately upstream of
the in-line flash mixers of Balara Treatment Plant No 1. (BTP1); at the

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Accelerator mixing chamber, and immediately upstream of the Parshall
Flumes in the inlet chamber of Balara Treatment Plant No 2 (BTP2).
After the addition of coagulant, water flows into the flocculation
chambers. BTP1 has 12 vertical-type, motor-driven flocculators per basin
while BTP2 has nine flocculators per basin. Detention time is 20 minutes.
Balara Treatment Plant No. 2 has 12 basins, each of which has a capacity
of 120 MLD. Balara Treatment Plant No. 1, meanwhile, has two basins
with a capacity of 140 MLD per basin.
B- 2 Sedimentation
The flocs are made to settle down in the sedimentation basin and
this is accomplished by enlarging the area of the basin to reduce the
velocity of the water and adopting a chemical dosage which has a greater
settling rate than the designed overflow rate of the basin. Retention time
ranges from 100 to 140 minutes.
B-3 Filtration
The treated water is passed through a media consisting of several
layers of graded sand and anthracite to screen out all foreign particles

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which did not settle down in the sedimentation basin. Detention time is
around 20 minutes.
BTP1 has ten (10) gravity multi-media filters while BTP2 has
twenty (20) gravity multi-media filters. Each bed, has an area of 162 sq m.
The filter bed is composed of two media, sand of 250 mm in height and
anthracite of 400 mm. Both media is supported by a 450 mm graded
gravel.
As water passes through the filter media, particulates accumulate
in or on the filter media. To ensure the efficiency of the filter bed, clogged
particles are removed through backwashing. Backwashing is done once a
day for each filter bed unless a need arises. Wash water is delivered by
gravity from an elevated storage tank, and waste wash water is drained to
a wash water recovery tank where the recovered supernatant water can be
returned to the plant inlet works.
At Manila Water, we ensure that our operations do not affect the
surrounding environment and its resources. All backwash water and
sludge from the wash waster recovery tank undergo treatment before
going through a creek leading to Marikina River. This treatment is in
compliance set for Class C body of water, by the Department of

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Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Laguna Lake
Development Authority (LLDA).
Wash water is allowed to remain in the wash water recovery tank
for 3 hours, for the sludge to settle producing a clear fluid at the top.
After such time, the supernatant fluid overflows to the creek.
The sludge goes through a 3-belt press where it is simultaneously
dewatered and thickened to a final dry solid. Water separated from the
belt press returns to the wash water recovery tank while the dry solids, or
cake, will be laid in drying beds, accessible for hauling trucks. Cakes are
sent to Pampanga as soil enhancers.
B-4 Disinfection
The Balara Treatment Plant uses the chlorination method of
disinfect water. Treatment of chlorine is done in three(3) points of the
process. Pre-chlorination is applied before coagulation for taste and odor
removal and the usual dose is 0.3 mg/L. Intermediate chlorination is
applied just before the filters as a filter aid with a dose of 0.3 mg/L. Post-
chlorination is applied after water goes through filtration for disinfection

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purposes, having a dose of 1.2 mg/l, respectively. Finally, water is then
sent to the distribution sysmte by gravity and by pumping.
The flow chart of Balara Treatment 1 and 2 are shown in Figure 3

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FIGURE 3. BALARA TREATMENT PLANTS TREATMENT PROCESS

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C. SAN RAFAEL TREATMENT PLANT
Some parts of the concession area of Manila Water Company have not
yet been reached by surface water coming from the Balara Treatment Plants 1
and 2, thus a treatment plant which draws water from the Marikina River in
Brgy. San Rafael, Rodriguez, Rizal was constructed and is now operational
and distributing water to residents of Rodriguez, Rizal.
The water coming from the Marikina which is alternatively called
Wawa River is transferred automatically by a non-clog self-priming pump to
the chemical treatment plant. A Turbidity sensor and flow meter is in place to
measure the turbidity and incoming flow rate of the water. Water is mixed
and coagulated using Alum in Coagulation. On-line mixer is also needed to
convert the colloidal and fine solids into fine flocs. Then these flocs will
further be treated in flocculation reaction loop with Polymer to flocculate
these fine flocs to stable and bigger flocs for good separations. The Alum and
polymer are automatically fed into the system by each dosing system by
synchronizing them to the raw water transfer pump operation. Quality of raw
water varies greatly from time to time over the course of the year, which then

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requires a rapid change in amount of chemicals required to treat the raw
water. The dose required was predetermined by a series of jar tests.
After the chemical treatment, the water now simultaneously proceeds
to each of 4 units of Lamella Plate Clarifier (LPC) to separate the solid
particles with the clear water. The solids will be settled at the sludge well at
the bottom of the clarifier and this will be automatically removed
periodically, by the motorized valve installed below the bottom of the
clarifier. The retention time in the LPC is around 30 minutes. The sludge will
be dewatered at the dewatering system. The clear water will now be treated
in each of the 4 units of gravity polishing filter, which contains the following
filter media: activated carbon, anthracite and silica sand. This is to remove
any solids that are still present, odor and taste of the treated water and the
accumulated solids will be discharged also to dewatering system and the
filtrate is free of turbidity with 0 to 5 NTU. The filtered water will now be
treated with Chlorine solution to disinfect any presence of microbial growth
and will be discharged to the treated storage holding tank and ready for
water use.
Flow chart of San Rafael Treatment plant is shown in Figure 4.

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FIGURE 4. PROCESS DIAGRAM OF SAN RAFAEL TREATMENT PLANT

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D. Ground Water Source
Some areas within the Concession Zone are still not reached by the
supply of surface water coming from the Balara Treatment Plant. To
compensate for this, several Ground Water Wells are still operational and are
serving most of the residents of the Rodriguez Municipality in Rizal. The
complete list of operational ground water wells in use is shown in Table 1.

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TABLE 1. LIST OF GROUND WATER WELLS IN USE
Marikina Business Area

ACTUAL
YEAR DEPTH
NAME ADDRESS MUNICIPALITY/CITY YIELD
INSTALLED (ft)
MLD
Aranzazu Anay Street near corner Sampaguita, Aranzazu Subd, Montalban 2001 2.304
--
1 Rodriguez
2 Manggahan Manggahan Street, Rodriguez Montalban 1982 1.080 700
3 San Jose I San Jose Public Market, Bgy. San Jose, Rodriguez Montalban 1978 1.584 620
4 Celina Celina Homes, Bgy. Burgos, Rodriguez Montalban 2001 2.304 --
Tanguile Alibangbang Street inside San Jose Slaughter House Montalban 2003 2.304
--
5 compound, Bgy. San Jose
6 Molave Molave Street, Bgy. San Jose Montalban 1991 1.024 554
7 Curayao 1 Montalban, Rizal Montalban 2006 -- --
Rizal Business Area

1 Baras DW # 1 Along J. P. Rizal Road, Evangelista Baras 2006 -- --
2 Baras DW # 2 Along J. P. Rizal Road, Evangelista Baras 2007 -- --
3 Jala Jala -- Jala-jala -- -- --
Cantaco Velasquez Street, Sitio Bangiad, Barangay San Juan Taytay 2.592 950
--
4
Zapanta Velasquez Street, Sitio Bangiad, Barangay San Juan Taytay 2.592 665
--
5

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There are a number of ground water wells which are no longer in use
due to the conversion of supply from ground water to surface water coming
from the Balara treatment plants. Majority of these wells is now regarded as
being on stand-by, and these wells are regularly maintained to ensure their
functionality in case of emergencies. Appendix A shows a list all ground
water wells on stand-by.
Raw water from most of the ground water wells undergoes only one
treatment process i.e. , disinfection or the addition of chlorine to maintain a
residual, before it goes to the distribution system. Due to the varying quality
of water coming from some deepwells such as Cantaco and Zapanta in
Taytay Rizal, and Jala-Jala Rizal, the need for additional treatment other than
disinfection became necessary and treatment via package treatments plants
was therefore implemented in these groundwater sources.
D.1 JALA-JALA AND TAYTAY TREATMENT PLANT
High Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) with a range of 700 mg/L to 1500
mg/L is both a characteristic of water coming from Taytay (Cantaco and
Zapanta Deepwells) and Jala-Jala Deepwell system, thereby creating the
need to install a more sophisticated process solution to reduce these levels

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in order to meet the standards as required by the Philippine National
Standards for Drinking Water. Both of these plants utilize the same
process Reverse Osmosis.
The reverse osmosis equipment is sensitive, such that there is a
need to eliminate or reduce the suspended solids to a minimum in the raw
water before the water is made to pass through the reverse osmosis
system. Before this filtration process, a pre-chlorination is employed to the
water to help in the removal of some contaminants such as iron and
manganese and also to avoid microbial growth in the media during the
filtration process. The pre-chlorinated water is then allowed to pass
through a series of filter media such as activated carbon to remove the
odor and taste, birm sand or manganese greensand to reduce the level of
iron and manganese, and silica sand, to remove other suspended particles
in the water. The pH of the filtered water is adjusted to maintain the
optimum life of the membrane. The adjusted water is automatically fed
with Anti Scalant to minimize the precipitation of sparingly soluble
sulfate salts (Calcium and Barium sulfate) and silica oxide and to prevent
scale decomposition on the surface of the membrane. After chemical
injection treated water will pass through a five micron filter prior to RO

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system which it filters suspended solids or settleable solids greater than
five microns. The water is then made to undergo the reverse osmosis
process.
Reverse Osmosis is the process in which water is forced by
pressure through a semi-permeable membrane using RO Leigh pump.
Water passes through the membrane while the dissolved and particulate
forced through the membrane from the concentrated side to the dilute
side. pH adjustment, if necessary, is made to the treated water coming
from the reverse osmosis system. The treated water will then undergo
post chlorination to ensure that the residual chlorine of the water going to
the distribution system reaches the minimum of 0.3 ppm. The post-
chlorinated water is pumped to a reservoir and flows to the distribution
system through gravity.
The flow charts of the RO system of both Jala-Jala and Taytay
Treatment Plants is shown in Figure 5 and 6 respectively.

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FIGURE 5. PROCESS DIAGRAM OF JALA-JALA TREATMENT PLANT

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FIGURE 6. PROCESS DIAGRAM OF TAYTAY TREATMENT PLANT

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D.2 CURAYAO TREATMENT PLANT
Curayao Ground water, with its high level of iron and manganese
which affects the aesthetic value of the water distributed to the customers
by the presence of sediments, is installed with a specialized filter vessel to
decrease these high levels of iron and manganese. The filter vessel is filled
with catalytic media which is made up of Manganese Oxide Ore, to a height
of 1 meter. The water coming from the 4 deepwells of Curayao is dosed
with chlorine before the water is made to pass through the specialized filter
vessels. The treated water is then dosed with sufficient chlorine to sustain
residual chlorine of at least 0.30 ppm.
The process diagram of Curayao Treatment Plant is shown in Figure
7.

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FIGURE 7. PROCESS DIAGRAM OF CURAYAO TREATMENT PLANT

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E. RESERVOIRS AND PUMPING STATIONS
From the Balara Treatment Plants, water is carried by systems of
pipelines to the reservoirs and pumping stations. Water is contained
temporarily in reservoirs to stabilize and regulate pressure. Disinfection
through addition of chlorine in some reservoirs is done to ensure required
residual chlorine is achieved in the farthest end of the distribution system.
Table 2 shows the complete list of reservoirs.

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TABLE 2. COMPLETE LIST OF RESERVOIRS AND PUMPING STATIONS
YEAR CAPACITY PUMP

FACILITY LOCATION GENSET RESERVOIR INFLUENCE AREA
CONSTRUCTED (MLD ) UNITS
Old Balara, Bagobantay,
Nonta Ave., Loyola hts,
Feria, Project 6, Capitol
PETBOW 1620
Balara Hills, Ayala Heights,
KW / Old Reservoir
BALARA PS Filtration 6-760HP + Luzon Ave., Sikatuna,
CUMMINS 1250 19 ML (1972)
AND 1968 Compd., 443 1-500HP + Pansol, Mapayapa, Regui,
KW MOBILE New Reservoir
RESERVOIR Balara, 1-250HP Himlayan, Pasong Tamo,
GENSET 1250 25 ML (2009)
Quezon City Napocor Village, Visayas
KW
Ave., Banlat, Culiat, Don
Antonio, Tivoli, Vista
Real, Capitol Hts
San Juan - ADB, Camp
Crame, Corinthians, Edsa
Line bound to Guadalupe
SAN JUAN
Old Reservoir 2-800HP + Bridge, Brgy. Malamig,
PUMPING St. Peter
CUMMINS 1250 96 ML 3-600HP + Addition Hills; Quezon
STATION AND 1968 corner St. 446
KW / 1750 KW New Reservoir 1-500HP + City - Horseshoe Village,
RESERVOIR Paul Street
56 ML 1-300HP Brgy. Socorro, Marianas,
(EXISTING)
N. Domingo, New
Manila, Valencia, Camp
Panopio, White Plains
N. DOMINGO N. Domingo Old Reservoir
CATERPILLAR San Juan, New Manila,
PUMPING 2008 St., Quezon 64 Chamber 1 3 -100 HP
690 KW Quezon City
STATION City (36 ML )

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YEAR CAPACITY PUMP
Global City, Western
Bicutan, Signal,
Dasmarias, Forbes
Park, Ecology Village,
Pasong Tamo, small
FORT BONI PS portion of Pembo, Brgy.
Global City, CATERPILLAR 4 - 349 HP
AND 1985 240 29 ML (1985) Rizal, small portion of
Taguig 1135 KW (2009)
RESERVOIR Lower Bicutan, portion
of Upper Bicutan,
Maharlika, FTI, portion
of West Rembo (Sitio 4,
Sitio 8, Kalayaan
Avenue, Cavalry
Guadalupe Nuevo,
P. Burgos St., Guadalupe Viejo,
MAKATI PS
Guadalupe CATERPILLAR Commercial Business
AND 1968 253 19 ML (1968) 6-300HP
Nuevo, Makati 1700 KVA District, San Lorenzo
RESERVOIR
City Village, San Antonio
Village
PASIG PS MWM 824 KW;
Julia Vargas St.,
AND 1985 280 CUMMINS 900 80 ML (1985) 4-700 HP Barrio Capitolyo, Pasig
Pasig City
RESERVOIR KW
Mabini St., West Upper Plaza; supply to
21ST PS 2000 252 1700 KW NONE 3 - 700 HP
Rembo Makati Fort Boni PS

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YEAR CAPACITY PUMP
San Juan, Cainta; San

Brookside Drive, Isidro, Cainta; San
Parkplace Isidro, Taytay; Sta. Ana,
BROOKSIDE CUMMINS 652 10 ML Tikling
2007 Executive 54 3 - 500 HP Taytay; Dolore, Taytay;
PS KW Reservoir
Villages, Cainta, Bangiad, Taytay;
Rizal Angono Areas,
Binangonan Areas
CUMMINS 1100 Quirino 2A, Manga,

Ermin Garcia Cr. KW 2-200 HP Aguinaldo, Project 2,
CUBAO PS 1981 214 NONE Project 3,
15th Ave. CATERPILLAR 3 -600 HP
1275 KW Greenmeadows,
Araneta Center
BOTONG PS
B.Francisco Ave., CUMMINS 500
AND 2007 5 5 ML Reservoir 3 - 150 HP Angono, Binangonan
Angono, Rizal KW
RESERVOIR
DOST Camp Bagong Diwa,
DOST LINE Compound., CUMMINS 350 Bagong Tanyag,
2005 25 NONE 3-100 HP
BOOSTER Western Bicutan, KW Perpetual Subd., San
Taguig City Martin de Porres
MODESTA PS
De los Santos St.,
AND 2008 12 650 KW 0.50 ML 3 - 150HP Modesta Subdivision
Ampid
RESERVOIR

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YEAR CAPACITY PUMP
COGEO LINE CUMMINS 350
1978 Cogeo Avenue 8 NONE 2- 50 HP Bagong Nayon
BOOSTER KW
Marcos Highway,
MITSUBISHI 4-800 HP
KINGSVILLE 2006 Brgy Mayamot, 164 none Antipolo Business Area
1800 KW
Antipolo
Sumulong 16 ML -
Highway, Brgy. MITSUBISHI (ORIGINAL )
SIRUNA 2006 123 3-1000 HP Antipolo Business Area
Mambugan, 1800 KW 9 ML-
Antipolo (EXPANSION )
Olalia Road,
MITSUBISHI 960 16 ML -
LUCBAN 2006 Brgy.Dela Paz, 105 3-300 HP Antipolo Business Area
KW (ORIGINAL )
Antipolo
Holy Family
HOLY CUMMINS 80
2007 Subd., Lower 6 2 - 0.9 ML (2007) 3 - 150 HP Brgy. Bagumbayan
FAMILY KW
Bicutan Taguig
Celina Subd., San
CELINA 2009 15 310 KW NONE 2-75 HP to San Rafael Reservoir
Mateo
59 GP, Dr. Sixto supply to Pasig
MAYBUNGA Antonio Avenue, PERKINS 800 Pumping Station or 80
2001 80 NONE 2 - 509 HP
PS Maybunga, Pasig KVA MLD reservoir at Pasig
City Pumping Station

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YEAR CAPACITY PUMP
SAN RAFAEL
Brgy San Rafael MITSUBISHI 900 Rodriguez,
PS AND 2007 10 1 ML 4 - 100HP
Montalban KW Rizal
RESERVOIR
Balara
Compound 1-125 HP
1-750 KW NONE
UP PUMPS 2004 near Filter 1, 12 1- 100 HP UP COMPOUND
CUMMINS
Balara, Quezon 1-75 HP
City
VISTA REAL/ Tivoli

2007 2 None 100 cu.m 3-25 HP Tivoli Subdivision
TIVOLI Subdivision
DON Don Antonio Don Antonio

2007 2 None 100 cu.m 3-25 HP
ANTONIO Subdivision Subdivision
Soliven I ,
LOYOLA Loyola Grand
Loyola Grand Villas
GRAND 2007 Villas, 1 None 100 cu.m 2- 5 HP
Subdivision
VILLAS Barangka,
Marikina
Champaca
Street, corner
Molave Street, Marikina BA, SSS
CHAMPACA 2000 3 None None 2 -75 HP
Marikina Village
Heights.,
Marikina City

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YEAR CAPACITY PUMP
Panorama Street,
corner Horizon
Marikina BA, SSS
PANORAMA 2002 Street, 3 None None 2-40 HP
Village
Concepcion 2,
Marikina City
B.J.Molina Street
near Petron, Marikina BA, SSS
BJ MOLINA 2003 3 None None 2-40 HP
Parang, Marikina Village
City
Molave Street
near corner
OUR LADY OF
P.Bugallon Marikina BA, SSS
PERPETUAL 2003 3 None None 2-40 HP
Street, Marikina Village
SUCCOR
Heights.,
Marikina City
Champagnat
Street, corner
1.2 ML METEOR
East Drive, 2-50 HP Marikina BA, SSS
CHAMPAGNAT 2004 10 None HOMES
Marikina 2 -125 HP Village
RESERVOIR
Heights,
Marikina City
De la Costa
Subd., Sitio De la Costa Subd., Sitio
1 -300 KW
CURAYAO 2006 Curayao, Bgy. 12 1 ML 4 -75 HP Curayao, Bgy. San Jose,
CUMMINS
San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal
Rodriguez, Rizal

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YEAR CAPACITY PUMP
1-75 HP
HIGHWAY 2000 2006 Highway 2000 3 None None Taytay Rizal
1- 50 HP
Botong
Botong Francisco, 1-350 KW 2 -2.5 ML Francisco,Angono
BOTONG 2007 3 3 -150 HP
Angono CUMMINS RESERVOIR and Binangonan
Areas
Bagong Nayon, Cogeo, Antipolo Areas
BAGONG 1- 300 KW
1978 Cogeo, Antipolo, 3 None 2-125 HP
NAYON CUMMINS
Rizal
Glaxo
VALLEY GOLF 2005 Compound 2 None None 2-25 HP Valleygolf Subdivision
Valleygolf Pasig
C.Lawis
C. Lawis Extension,
Extension,
C. LAWIS 2007 3 None None 2-50 HP Maguey, Brgy.San Luis,
Brgy.San Isidro,
Foresthills, Radar
Antipolo City

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From the reservoirs, water passes through pipelines
categorized as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on
pipe diameter. Primary lines includes pipelines 650mm in
diameter and larger. Pipe material for primary mains include
steel (SP), cast iron (CI), ductile iron (DI), asbestos cement
(ACP), and fiber-reinforced (FRP). The total length of primary
mains is 124 kms.
Secondary mainlines have diameter sizes from 450mm to
250 mm with material types of steel (SP), cast iron (CI), ductile
iron (DI), asbestos cement (ACP), and fiber-glass reinforced
(FRP). Utilization of High Density Polyethylene pipes was
introduced in 2007 in replacement of old and deteriorated lines.
Areas where ground elevations are lower than the
treatment plants, water is carried by gravity directly from the
treatment plants and service reservoirs. For elevated areas
where high pressure is needed, pumping stations are built to
discharge water in required pressures to reach customers in

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elevated areas. Water is then delivered to the customers through
their house service connection tapped to the pipelines.
In cases where there is a shut-down in any major
component of the distribution network, the operation of all
components of the distribution system are adjusted to
compensate for the revised operating regime. After repairs,
when the defective component has been restored to operational
status, there is a gradual adjustment back to the normal
operating regime, including mains flushing should it be
required.
The distribution network is operated by synchronizing
the operation of the pumping plants, the service reservoirs and
the control valves. For this purpose, there is a real-time
monitoring system by telemetry for remote sensors and through
radio polling in the case of the manned pumping stations and
reservoirs by the Operations Center. In coordination with the
Call Center which continuously receives customer

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complaints/feedbacks, any emerging abnormality in the
distribution system is readily detected, tracked and managed.
The distribution system is divided into business areas, a
category based on the flow of water from the different sources
of water. Map of the distribution system are shown in Figure 8.

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FIGURE 8. MAP OF THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
VALENZUELA
CALOOCAN CITY
LAS PINAS

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IV. HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Using the process description, the team was able to identify potential
hazardous events for the different processes involved in the water supply system.
The hazardous events were classified according to their likelihood and severity
based on the following matrix:
LIKELIHOOD DESCRIPTION Rank

Almost certain Once a day 5
Likely Once per week 4
Moderate Once per month 3
Unlikely Once per year 2
Rare Once every 5 years 1
Rank
SEVERITY DESCRIPTION
Catastrophic Mortality expected from consuming water 5
Major Illness expected from consuming water 4
Major aesthetic impact possibly resulting in use

Moderate 3
of alternative but unsafe water sources
Minor aesthetic impact causing dissatisfaction
Minor but not likely to lead to use of alternative less 2
safe sources
Insignificant No detectable impact 1

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After the classification of likelihood and severity was completed, the risk
level of the hazardous event is obtained by multiplying the values for likelihood
and severity. Risk level is identified using the following matrix:
Rank
RISK LEVEL DESCRIPTION
17-25
Extreme Extreme Risk. Immediate action required
11-16
High High Risk. Management attention needed
Medium Risk. Management responsibility must 5-10
Medium
be specified.
1-4
Low Low risk. Manage by routine procedures.
Existing control measures are then identified for each hazardous event. A
severity-likelihood analysis is conducted again. Control measures are considered
effective if the risk rating of the hazardous event is reduced.
The identified hazardous event has a corresponding corrective action which is
discussed in the next section.

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A. RAW WATER SOURCE
HAZARDOUS EVENT /
CONTROL / PREVENTIVE
PROCESS CAUSE OF LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY RISK LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY RISK
MEASURE
CONTAMINATION
1 Continuous and Heavy Rains

which may cause high
4 2 8 Reforestation 2 1 2
turbidity and intrusion of
contaminants
2 Existing animals in
Catchment which may lead to
4 3 12 Biodiversity Conservation 2 3 6
increase in contaminants level
- organic compounds
Catchment
3 Human recreational activities
Restrict/limit to watershed
which may increase the 4 4 16 2 3 6
activities only
contaminants
Erosion
control/reforestation/preve
4 High Manganese and Iron
3 3 9 nt water abstraction on the 1 3 3
levels due to erosion
deeper-dead zones of
reservoir

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HAZARDOUS EVENT / CAUSE OF CONTROL / PREVENTIVE

PROCESS LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY RISK LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY RISK
CONTAMINATION MEASURE
Prevent entry of illegal

5 Community of Illegal settlers 5 4 20 setters/Relocate 3 2 6
settlers/organize/census
Catchment
Construct WW Treatment
6 Intrusion of wastewater from
5 4 20 Plants/Divert wastewater 1 4 4
home dwellings
downfall

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B.1. BALARA TREATMENT PLANT 1

Soil run off into the raw

1 Installation of concrete
water resulting to high
3 3 9 walls/cover to prevent soil 1 3 3
turbidity and other
run off
contaminants
Entry point
of Raw
Water to 2 Abundance of Algae in Raw Regular dosing of copper
Treatment water which could impart sulfate at Dams
3 2 6 1 2 4
Plant color and taste and may affect Application of higher
operations dosing
Adjustment of pH through
3 High/Low pH 2 3 6 1 3 3
the use of lime or acid
Spare, standby equipment

4 Break-down of equipment 4 3 12 (chlorinators, service water 1 3 3
Primary pumps, dosing lines)
Disinfectio
n using
liquid
chlorine On site back-up power
5 Power failure 3 4 12 1 4 4
generator

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B-1. BALARA TREATMENT PLANT 1
HAZARDOUS EVENT / CAUSE OF LIKELIH CONTROL / PREVENTIVE

PROCESS SEVERITY RISK LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY RISK
CONTAMINATION OOD MEASURE
6 Ineffective chlorination due to Maintain minimum of 1

leaks in buried chlorine feeder 3 4 12 mg/L free chlorine residual 2 3 6
line at all times
Maintain minimum of 1
mg/L free chlorine residual
7 Clogging 5 3 15 at all times, use of spare 2 3 6
and standby dosing
Primary system
Disinfectio
8 Contaminated chlorine may be Chlorine supply is checked
n using
added
2 3 6
randomly for purity
1 3 3
liquid
chlorine
Regular checking of
9 Leaks 3 3 9 1 3 3
chlorinator
10 Rusted Pipe Fitting 3 4 12 Direct feeding 2 4 8
11 Uncontrolled Dosing Due to

3 4 12 Duplicate Facilities 1 4 4
Direct Feeding

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HAZARDOUS EVENT / CAUSE CONTROL / PREVENTIVE

OF CONTAMINATION MEASURE
Supplied Chemicals such

as Alum are certified and
are also certified by
12 Contaminated chemicals may Central Laboratory before
3 4 12 1 4 4
be added use, program to randomly
check all the specifications
of the supplied chemicals
quarterly
Addition of Regular maintenance, use

13 Break-down of equipment 3 4 12 1 4 4
Coagulant/ of spare/standby
Flocculant
Follow a standard
recommended dose based
14 Overdose / Underdose of on raw water quality
4 3 12 1 3 3
chemicals (turbidity, pH),
automation and
flowmeters
15
Mixing of Chemicals with Defined system for each
4 3 12 1 3 3
other possible contamination chemicals

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16
Incorrect setting 3 2 6 Follow a standard setting 1 2 2
Flocculation
Preventive Maintenance
17 Break-down of equipment 4 4 16 Availability of critical 2 4 8
spares
18 Sludge formation 5 3 15 Sludge monitoring 2 3 6

Sedimentation
19 Floating leaves or other
5 2 10 Manual cleaning 3 2 6
matters
Filter beds 20 Breakthrough 4 4 16 Regular backwashing 2 4 8
21 Chlorine flowmeter
maladjustment (due to Maintain minimum of 1
pressure changes in mg/L free chlorine residual
Final
vacuum ejector or power 4 4 16 at all times, use of spare 1 4 4
Disinfection
interruptions) causing and standby dosing
underdose / overdose on system
filtered water

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3 3 9 walls/cover to prevent soil 1 3 3
turbidity and other
run off
contaminants
2 Abundance of Algae in Regular dosing of copper
Entry point Raw water which could sulfate at Dams
of Raw Water 5 2 10 2 2 4
impart color and taste and Application of higher
to Treatment may affect operations dosing
Plant
Adjustment of pH
3 High/Low pH 3 3 9 through the use of lime or 1 3 3
acid
4 Thermal Stratification 2 2 4 None 2 2 4

(chlorinators, service
water pumps, dosing
Primary lines)
Disinfection On site back-up power
using liquid 6 Power failure 4 4 16 1 4 4
generator
chlorine
7 Ineffective chlorination due Maintain minimum of 1
to leaks in buried chlorine 5 4 20 mg/L free chlorine 1 4 4
feeder line residual at all times

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8 Clogging 4 3 12 at all times, use of spare 2 3 6
and standby dosing
system
Random checking of all
Primary Contaminated chlorine may the specifications of the
Disinfection 9 4 3 12 2 3 6
be added supplied chemicals
using liquid quarterly
chlorine
Regular checking of
10 Leaks 4 3 12 2 3 6
chlorinator
Uncontrolled Dosing Due

12 2 4 8 Duplicate Facilities 1 4 4
to Direct Feeding
as Alum are certified and
13 Contaminated chemicals
4 4 16 are also certified by 1 4 4
may be added
Addition of Central Laboratory before
Coagulant / use
Flocculant
Regular maintenance, use
of spare/standby

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Follow a standard
4 3 12 2 3 6
Addition of chemicals (turbidity, pH),
Coagulant / automation and
Flocculant flowmeters
16 Mixing of Chemicals with
Defined system for each
other possible 4 3 12 2 3 6
chemicals
contamination
17 Incorrect setting 5 2 10 Follow a standard setting 2 2 4
Flocculation Preventive Maintenance

spares

Sedimentation
matters

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Chlorine flowmeter
22
Final
Disinfection
filtered water

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B.3. SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY

Follow a standard
recommended dose
23 Overdose / Underdose of based on raw water
4 3 12 2 3 6
chemicals quality (turbidity, pH),
automation and
flowmeters
24 Mixing of Chemicals with
Defined system for each
chemicals
Addition of contamination
Coagulant
Follow a standard
25 Incorrect setting 5 2 10 2 2 4
setting
spares
27 Power failure 4 4 16 Genset 1 3 3

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B.3. SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY

Follow a standard
Water on raw water quality
Discharge to 28 Water quality failure 5 5 25 (turbidity, pH), 2 3 6
environment automation and
flowmeters
Quality monitoring
29 Breakdown of beltpress 5 3 15 Preventive maintenance 2 3 6

belt press
matters

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B.4. SAN RAFAEL TREATMENT PLANT


4 3 12 walls / cover to prevent 1 3 3
turbidity and other
soil run off
contaminants
Entry point
2 Abundance of Algae in
of Raw Water
Raw water which could Application of higher
to Treatment 4 2 4 2 2 4
impart color and taste and chlorine dosing
Plant
may affect operations
Adjustment of pH through
3 High / Low pH 3 2 2 1 2 3
the use of lime or acid

4 Break-down of equipment 5 4 20 (chlorinators, service water 1 3 3
Primary
pumps, dosing lines)
Disinfection
using liquid
chlorine
On site back-up power
generator

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Ineffective chlorination Maintain minimum of 1

6 due to leaks in buried 4 4 16 mg/L free chlorine residual 1 4 4
chlorine feeder line at all times
7 Clogging 5 4 20 2 4 8
at all times, use of spare
and standby dosing system
Primary
Disinfection
using Contaminated chlorine Chlorine supply is checked
Calcium 8 4 3 12 2 3 6
may be added randomly for purity
Hypochlorite
Daily checking of
9 Leaks 4 3 12 1 3 3
chlorinator
Uncontrolled Dosing Due

11 3 4 12 Duplicate Facilities 1 4 4
to Direct Feeding

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as Alum are certified by
Central Laboratory before
12 Contaminated chemicals
2 3 8 use, program to randomly 1 3 3
may be added
check all the specifications
of the supplied chemicals
quarterly
Regular maintenance, use

Addition of of spare/standby
Coagulant /
Flocculant Follow a standard
4 3 12 2 3 6
chemicals (turbidity, pH),
automation and
flowmeters
Mixing of Chemicals with

15 Defined system for each
chemicals
contamination

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16 Leak in the loop flocculator,
Flocculation 3 4 12 Availability of critical 1 4 4
burst of flocculator
spares

Sedimentation
Floating leaves or other
18 4 2 8 Manual cleaning 3 2 6
matters
Chlorine flowmeter
20
Final
Disinfection
filtered water

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C. GROUND WATER SOURCES

Contaminated surface
1
water may enter the
Proper wellhead
borehole which may be 3 4 12 1 3 3
completion
caused by poor wellhead
completion
Capacity not maximized,

use of alternate operation
2 Soil intrusion because of
3 4 12 of deepwells, flushing of 2 2 4
low water table level
deepwell lines before flow
to PTP is implemented
Intake
3 Changes in land-use which

may cause the Land-use control in
contamination of 3 4 12 coordination with 1 3 3
groundwater with toxic government offices
chemicals
Land-use control in
4 Agricultural pollution 3 4 12 coordination with 1 3 3
government offices

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Regular checking of
5 Old materials of pump may materials of pump to
3 2 6 1 2 2
contaminate water determine the proper time
for replacement/ repair
Pathogens from hospital
6 Locate ground water
wastes may contaminate
sources away from
groundwater which may be 2 5 10 1 3 3
hospitals and disposal
caused by poor disposal of
sites.
Intake hospital waste
7 Pollution from urban areas

contaminates groundwater 4 2 8 Protection zones 1 2 2
due to poorly sealed drains
8 Groundwater contains
naturally occurring Regular checking of
3 3 9 2 3 6
chemicals which may be possible contaminants
present at toxic levels
Aesthetic value of water

9
decreased due to presence Correct chlorine dose and
Pre and post
of color caused by elevated 5 2 10 contact time before 1 2 2
chlorination
levels of iron and filtration
manganese

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C. 1 JALA-JALA AND TAYTAY TREATMENT PLANT

Duplicate facilities (dosing

pumps and lines)

generator
3 Ineffective chlorination due
to leaks in buried chlorine 3 3 9 1 3 3
at all times in the treated
feeder line
Pre and post tank
chlorination
No residual chlorine at the mg/L free chlorine residual
4
treated water due to 4 4 16 at all times, use of spare 1 4 4
clogging and standby dosing
system
Regular checking of
5 Low residual chlorine at the
3 3 9 chlorinator and chlorine 2 3 6
treated water due to leaks
lines

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6 Contaminated chemicals Cover all chemicals to

3 3 9 1 3 3
may be added prevent contamination
Addition of
Anti-Scalant
7 Overdose of chemicals 5 3 15 Dose is based on flowrate 2 2 4
8 Dirty water after filtration Backwash water daily for

5 3 15 1 3 3
due to breakthrough 10 minutes
Filter vessel
9 Level of filter media
deteriorates, below the
3 3 9 Effective backwashing 1 3 3
ideal level for proper
filtration

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10 Water can no longer

undergo reverse osmosis Checking of pressure drop
treatment due to in micrometer every 2
unavailability of micron hours to determine if
Micro-filter 3 3 9 1 3 3
filter due to the following backwashing is already
reasons: 1) breakdown of needed, regular
micro filter, 2) clogged replacement of micro-filter
micro-filter
11 Break-down of equipment Replacement of reverse

Reverse
due to 3 3 9 osmosis membrane every 3 1 3 3
Osmosis
-scaling and other factors years

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C.2 CURAYAO TREATMENT PLANT

Duplicate facilities
1 Break-down of equipment 3 4 12 (dosing pumps and 1 3 3
lines)

generator
3 Ineffective chlorination due
mg/L free chlorine
to leaks in buried chlorine 2 4 8 1 3 3
residual at all times in
Pre and post feeder line
the treated tank
chlorination
4 No residual chlorine at the mg/L free chlorine
treated water due to 3 4 12 residual at all times, use 1 3 3
clogging of spare and standby
dosing system
Regular checking of
5 Low residual chlorine at the
2 3 6 chlorinator and chlorine 2 3 6
treated water due to leaks
lines

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6 Dirty water after filtration Backwash water daily for

2 4 8 1 4 4
due to breakthrough 10 minutes
Filter vessel
7 Level of filter media

deteriorates, below the
3 3 9 Effective backwashing 2 3 6
ideal level for proper
filtration

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D. RESERVOIRS AND PUMPING STATIONS

1 Algal toxins, cleaners, liner

Flushing before re-
chemicals and lubricants 2 3 6 1 3 3
energization of reservoir
use in the reservoir
Fill and draw method of

2 Reservoir short circuiting 4 3 12 reservoir to avoid long 1 2 2
retention time
3 Depletion of residual Fill and draw method of

Storage
chlorine due to long 3 3 9 reservoir to avoid long 1 3 3
retention time retention time
Regular checking and

4 Entry of contaminants in
4 3 12 cleaning of vents and 2 3 6
vents or manholes
manholes
5 Suspension of settled
Flushing and draining of
suspended particles due to 4 3 12 1 3 3
reservoir
turbulence

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6 After draining of reservoir

for maintenance purposes,
turbulence may cause Flushing before re-
Storage 2 3 6 1 3 3
particles to suspend and energization of reservoir
may deplete residual
chlorine
Regular maintenance/
Cleaning /Declogging of
7 Clogging of Chlorine
5 4 20 injection Points; Pre- 1 4 4
Injection Pumps
settling of chlorine
Chlorination solution before injection
System
Spare, standby
equipment (chlorinators,
service water pumps,
dosing lines)

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generator
10 Ineffective chlorination due Maintain minimum of 1

to leaks in buried chlorine 3 4 12 mg/L free chlorine 2 4 8
Chlorination feeder line residual at all times
System
Covers must remain in

11 Intrusion of Contaminants place and with regular
in Reservoir through 4 4 16 maintenance; Regular 1 4 3
openings dewatering and clean-up
of reservoirs

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E. DISTRIBUTION

1 Interrupted Water
production due to
Regular run of Gensets;
Breakdown of Gensets
3 4 12 Regular maintenance of 1 4 4
during Power Interruption
Gensets
turbidity
Distribution 2 Risks during backflow Install check valves.

Network which may bring Regular valve exercise.
4 4 16 1 4 4
contaminants back to the Regular pump preventive
supply maintenance
Supply management and

3 Low to 0 Suction Pressure
2 3 6 adjustment of valves before 1 3 3
causing high turbidity
Suction

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E. DISTRIBUTION
HAZARDOUS EVENT / CAUSE OF

PROCESS LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY RISK CONTROL MEASURE LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY RISK
CONTAMINATION
4 Intrusion of contaminants Pipe replacement of old

in breakage due to old age ACP lines; Water quality
3 4 12 1 2 2
and deterioration of lines monitoring (e.g. Residual
especially ACP pipes chlorine)
Determination of pipe
5 Intrusion of contaminants location, age, quality; pipe
Distribution in breakages of unknown 3 2 6 replacement if needed; 2 1 2
Network lines Water quality monitoring
(e.g. Residual chlorine)
6 Interrupted Water
production due to
Regular run of Gensets;
Breakdown of Gensets
3 4 12 Regular maintenance of 1 3 3
during Power Interruption
Gensets
turbidity

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E. DISTRIBUTION
HAZARDOUS EVENT / CAUSE

OF CONTAMINATION
7 Risks during backflow Install check valves.

which may bring Regular valve exercise.
3 4 12 1 4 4
contaminants back to the Regular pump preventive
supply maintenance
Supply management and

Distribution 8 Low to 0 Suction Pressure
2 3 6 adjustment of valves before 1 3 3
Network causing high turbidity
Suction
9 Intrusion of contaminants pipe replacement of old

in breakage due to old age ACP lines; Water quality
3 4 12 1 2 2
and deterioration of lines monitoring (e.g. Residual
especially ACP pipes chlorine)

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E. DISTRIBUTION

OF CONTAMINATION
Determination of pipe
10 Intrusion of contaminants location, age, quality; pipe
in breakages of unknown 3 4 12 replacement if needed; 1 2 2
lines Water quality monitoring
Adequate flushing
Distribution 11 Intrusion of contaminants velocities to purge
Network during storage before pipes 2 3 6 contaminants; Water 1 2 2
is installed quality monitoring (e.g.
Residual chlorine)
Adequate flushing
velocities to purge
12 Trench dirt gets into the
3 4 12 contaminants; Water 1 2 2
pipe during installation
quality monitoring (e.g.
Residual chlorine)

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E. DISTRIBUTION

OF CONTAMINATION
Leak detection to address

13 Intrusion or backflow of losses; Regular maintenance
leaking pipes during low 4 3 12 and monitoring; Flushing to 1 2 2
pressure or zero pressure purge contaminants; Water
quality monitoring
Close coordination with

14 Intrusion of contaminants agencies and LGUs;
Distribution during pipe bursts during Flushing of line after pipe
4 3 12 1 2 2
Network public works improvement repair; Water quality
activities monitoring (e.g. Residual
chlorine)
Adequate pressure in the

15 Intrusion of contaminants area. Water quality
in submerged pipes in 4 4 16 monitoring (e.g. Residual 1 4 4
canals and drainages. chlorine);scheduled
flushing per DMA

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Page 81 of 154
E. DISTRIBUTION

OF CONTAMINATION
Distribution system is fed

16
by multiple sources with
varying water quality. At
Water quality monitoring
the interface between 3 2 6 1 2 2
sources, biofilms and scales
or sediments may be
Distribution released.
Network
Equipments of Contractor
17
remain inside the pipes Practice of Good
5 3 15 2 2 4
even after the pipe housekeeping
installation

Water Safety Plans
Page 82 of 154
E. DISTRIBUTION

OF CONTAMINATION
18 Insufficient Flushing after Follow proper flushing

activity which may lead to time by contractor;
3 4 12 1 2 2
low residual chlorine and scheduled flushing per
high turbidity DMA
Valve adjustment to Gradual opening and

19
increase flow which may closing of valves during
disrupt the settled solids 3 2 6 operation/activity to avoid 1 2 2
and will therefore increase the rate of change in
turbidity velocity
Distribution
Network Develop good community
20 Illegal tapping of water
relationship; Involve LGUs;
connections near drainage
Exposed pipes must have
and areas with high risk of 4 4 8 1 4 4
security and protection
contamination with
Water quality monitoring
pollutants
Ensure that check valves

21 Backflow from deepwells,
2 4 8 are installed in pump of 1 4 4
factories, hospitals,
customers

Water Safety Plans
Page 83 of 154
E. DISTRIBUTION

OF CONTAMINATION
Breakage of ACP pipes

(with total length of 120.66
Pressure is regulated to
LM) due to age and
22 3 3 6 prevent the breakage of 1 2 2
deterioration of material
ACP pipes
which would effect
intrusion of contaminants
Intrusion of contaminants
due to a)undetermined
valve settings
Distribution 23 b) Stuck valves 3 3 9 Regular valve exercise 1 2 2
Network c) Old valves still not
within standard
d)Overlaid Valves
Distribution system is fed

by multiple sources with Isolation of source, mixing
varying water quality. At of water from different
24 the interface between 3 3 9 sources is prevented by the 1 3 3
sources, biofilms and scales use of proper isolation
or sediments may be valves
released.

Water Safety Plans
Page 84 of 154
V. CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
After the risk assessment of the identified hazardous waste, critical limits are
identified. A critical limit is defined as the criterion that indicates whether the
control measure is functioning as designed. How these critical limits are monitored
was also identified side by side with the critical limit.
Having defined the critical limits and the monitoring system, the team then
creates lists of possible corrective actions. Corrective actions, which are defined as
the actions to be taken when the results of monitoring indicate a deviation from a
critical limit, are supposed to be immediately executed if the critical limits are
reached. Some of the identified risks have either no existing corrective actions, or
have corrective actions that are not fail-safe. Therefore, for these risks, long term
corrective actions are identified. These corrective actions are to be implemented by
responsible parties identified during the activity.

Water Safety Plans
Page 85 of 154
HAZARDOUS IMMEDIATE LONG TERM

CRITICAL
PROCESS EVENT / CAUSE OF MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY CORRECTIVE CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY REF
LIMITS
CONTAMINATION ACTION ACTION
Continuous and
Heavy Rains which
Above the Watershed Ongoing IV-A
may cause high Amount of
normal rainfall Management reforestation n/a n/a #1
turbidity and rainfall
condition Section activities p. 49
intrusion of
contaminants
Existing animals in
Catchment which Nitrates above Monthly
IV-A
may lead to increase 30 mg/L, high sampling and Laboratory
Catchment n/a n/a n/a #2
in contaminants level of analysis of raw Services
p. 49
level - organic ammonia water
compounds
Census
Institutionalize
Human recreational Nitrates above updating,
existing IV-A
activities which may 30 mg/L, high Monthly Laboratory
guidelines on n/a n/a #3
increase the level of sampling and Services
watershed p. 49
contaminants ammonia analysis of raw
activities
water

Water Safety Plans
Page 86 of 154
HAZARDOUS EVENT IMMEDIATE LONG TERM

CRITICAL
PROCESS / CAUSE OF MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY CORRECTIVE CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY REF
LIMITS
Iron level > 0.8 Monthly

High Iron and Laboratory Ongoing IV-A
ppm sampling and
Manganese Level Services reforestation n/a n/a #4
Manganese analysis of raw
Due to Erosion Department activities p. 49
level > 0.2 ppm water
Watershed Watershed
Management Management
Relocation of IV-A
Community of Illegal Section in Section in
None Census updating ID system illegal #5
settlers coordination coordination
Catchment settlers p. 50
with MWSS and with MWSS and
LGUs LGUs
Inform
treatment
Nitrates above Set-up of
Intrusion of Laboratory plants of IV-A
30 mg/L, high water quality Wastewater Program
wastewater from Services increase in #6
level of monitoring treatment Management
home dwellings Department chlorine dose to p. 50
ammonia plant
compensate for
ammonia levels

Water Safety Plans
Page 87 of 154
B-1 . BALARA TREATMENT PLANT 1

CRITICAL
LIMITS
Online
monitoring of
Increase dose
Soil run off into the Raw water Slope
of coagulant if IV B-1
raw water resulting Turbidity > 20 turbidity(Alert Protection Headworks
Plant Manager necessary, shut #1
to high turbidity and NTU mode when using Manager
Entry point down if p. 51
other contaminants maximum concrete wall
of Raw uncontrollable
turbidity is
Water to reached)
Treatment
Plant
Addition of
Sulfuric Acid IV B-1
pH between 6.5 Online
High/Low pH Plant Manager or Sodium n/a n/a #3
to 8.5 Monitoring of PH
Hydroxide for p. 51
pH adjustment

Water Safety Plans
Page 88 of 154
HAZARDOUS EVENT / LONG TERM

CRITICAL CORRECTIVE
PROCESS CAUSE OF MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY REF
LIMITS ACTION
CONTAMINATION ACTION
No zero
dosing. Online
Chlorine monitoring, Repair / IV B-1
Break-down of Shift engineer/
concentration is Hourly manual Direct feeding replacement Facility Manager #4
equipment operator
not to record monitoring Log of equipment p. 51
zero for > 10 sheet intact
minutes
Primary
Disinfection - Emergency
using liquid deployment of
Alarm sounds off IV B-1
chlorine No power for back-up
Power failure when power is RMS n/a n/a #5
30 minutes generator
down p. 51
- Direct
Feeding
Ineffective Exposure and

0.80 ppm of Free chlorine IV B-1
chlorination due to Direct feeding replacement
chlorine, <1 residual, Plant Manager Facility Manager #6
leaks in buried of chlorine of chlorine
NTU, ph 6.5-7 turbidity, pH p. 52
chlorine feeder line feeder line

Water Safety Plans
Page 89 of 154
HAZARDOUS EVENT LONG TERM

CRITICAL CORRECTIVE
PROCESS / CAUSE OF MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY REF
LIMITS ACTION
Clogged
Immediate
At least 0.80 Online/hourly chlorinator IV B-1
replacement of
Clogging ppm of monitoring of Plant Manager will undergo Facility Manager #7
chlorinator
chlorine residual chlorine repair or p. 52
with spare
replacement
Primary Establish and

Disinfection implement a
using liquid Immediate
procedure
chlorine replacement of
Critical Plant Manager / stating the
Contaminated chlorine Facility Manager IV B-1
parameters are Random analysis Laboratory regular
chlorine may be supply which / Laboratory #8
still to be of chlorine Services monitoring
added is checked for Services p. 52
defined Department and checking
purity before
of chlorine
installation
before
acceptance

Water Safety Plans
Page 90 of 154

CRITICAL CORRECTIVE
LIMITS ACTION
Site visit and

observation -
IV B-1
0.80 ppm of monthly
Leaks Plant Manager Use of spare Leak Repair Facility Manager #9
chlorine checklist, hourly
p. 52
monitoring of
Primary residual chlorine
Disinfectio 0.80 ppm of site visit and IV B-1
n using Total
Rusted Pipe Fitting chlorine, <1 observation - Plant Manager Use of spare Facility Manager #10
liquid Replacement
NTU, ph 6.5-7 monthly checklist p. 52
chlorine
Use of spare
Residual
Uncontrolled Dosing Residual chlorine chlorinator IV B-1
Chlorine within
Due to Direct monitoring every Plant Manager None with easier n/a #11
the range 0.8 to
Feeding 15 minutes feeding p. 52
1 ppm only
scheme
Addition of Contaminated Compare Laboratory Replacement of Establish a Procurement / IV B-1

Coagulant/ chemicals may be results with Chemical testing Services Supplied list of other Water Supply #12
Flocculant added specification Department Chemicals suppliers Department p. 53

Water Safety Plans
Page 91 of 154

CRITICAL
LIMITS
Online
monitoring of
Raw water
Extremely high Check and IV B-1
turbidity (Alert
Incorrect setting turbidity, Plant Manager change to n/a n/a #16
mode when
floating flocs proper setting p. 54
maximum
turbidity is
reached)
Flocculation Online
monitoring of
Raw water
Extremely high turbidity (Alert Use of Repair / IV B-1
Break-down of
turbidity, mode when Plant Manager spare/standby replacement Facility Manager #17
equipment
floating flocs maximum systems of equipment p. 54
turbidity is
reached), carry-
over if solids
Temporarily
sludge Stopping Facility IV B-1
Sedimentation Sludge formation 1/3 of basin monitoring Plant manager Operation and Upgrade Manager/Headw #18
equipment removal of orks p. 54
sludge

Water Safety Plans
Page 92 of 154
HAZARDOUS EVENT / IMMEDIATE LONG TERM

CRITICAL
PROCESS CAUSE OF MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY CORRECTIVE CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY REF
LIMITS
IV B-1
Floating leaves or Excessive Regular site visit Manual cleaning
Sedimentation Plant operator n/a n/a #19
other matters amount and observation and screens
p. 54
Online
monitoring of
Raw water Stop operation
IV B-1
turbidity(Alert of filter bed and
Filter beds Breakthrough >2ntu Plant manager Upgrade Facility Manager #20
mode when perform
p. 54
maximum backwash
turbidity is
reached)
Chlorine flow meter

maladjustment(due to
Online
pressure changes in
monitoring, Plant manager IV B-1
Final vacuum ejector or At least 0.80 Shift engineer/ Direct manual Regular
Hourly manual with program #21
Disinfection power interruptions) ppm of chlorine Operator feeding maintenance
monitoring Log management p. 54
causing
sheet intact
underdose/overdose
on filtered water

Water Safety Plans
Page 93 of 154

CRITICAL CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBLE
PROCESS / CAUSE OF MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY CORRECTIVE REF
LIMITS ACTION PERSON
Online
monitoring of
Increase dose
Soil run off into the Raw water Slope
of coagulant if IV B-2
raw water resulting Turbidity > 20 turbidity(Alert Headworks Protection Headworks
necessary, shut #1
to high turbidity and NTU mode when Manager using Manager
down if p.55
other contaminants maximum concrete wall
uncontrollable
turbidity is
reached)
Immediate
Entry point of Abundance of Algae application of
Raw Water to in Raw water which Weekly analysis Plant copper sulfate IV B-2
Treatment Plant could impart color Algae Count <
of algae count of Manager/Labora at dams n/a n/a #2
10
and taste and may raw water tory Services (Lamesa); p.55
affect operations increase in
chlorine dose
Addition of
Online Sulfuric Acid IV B-2
pH between 6.5
High / Low pH Monitoring of Plant Manager or Sodium n/a n/a #3
to 8.5
PH Hydroxide for p.55
pH adjustment

Water Safety Plans
Page 94 of 154

CRITICAL RESPONSIBILIT CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBLE
PROCESS / CAUSE OF MONITORING CORRECTIVE REF
LIMITS Y ACTION PERSON
No zero
dosing. Online
Break-down of Shift engineer/
equipment operator
not to record monitoring Log of equipment p.55
minutes
- Emergency
deployment of
IV B-2
no power for 30 back-up
Primary Power failure RMS n/a n/a #6
minutes generator
Disinfection p.55
- Direct
using liquid
Feeding
chlorine
chlorination due to Direct feeding replacement
chlorine, <1 residual, FM Facility Manager #7
leaks in buried of chlorine of chlorine
NTU, ph 6.5-7 turbidity, pH p.55
chlorine feeder line feeder line
clogged
immediate
replacement of
chlorinator
chlorine residual chlorine repair or p.56
with spare
replacement

Water Safety Plans
Page 95 of 154

Establish and
implement a
Immediate
procedure
replacement of
Critical stating the
Contaminated Plant Manager / chlorine Facility Manager IV B-2
parameters are Random analysis regular
chlorine may be Laboratory supply which / Laboratory #9
still to be of chlorine monitoring
added Services is checked for Services p.56
defined and checking
purity before
of chlorine
installation
before
Primary acceptance
Disinfection
using liquid Site visit and
chlorine observation -
IV B-2
0.80 ppm of monthly Replenishing
Leaks Plant Manager Use of spare Plant manager #10
chlorine checklist, hourly of filter media
p.56
monitoring of
residual chlorine
Schedule of
0.80 ppm of Site visit and IV B-2
Total replacement
Rusted Pipe Fitting chlorine, <1 observation - Plant Manager Plant manager #11
replacement of micro-filter
NTU, ph 6.5-7 monthly checklist p.56
media

Water Safety Plans
Page 96 of 154

Use of spare
Primary Residual
Uncontrolled Dosing Residual chlorine chlorinator IV B-2
Disinfection Chlorine within
Due to Direct monitoring every Plant Manager None with easier n/a #12
using liquid the range 0.8 to
Feeding 15 minutes feeding p.56
chlorine 1 ppm only
scheme
Establish a
program to
randomly
Contaminated Compare Replacement check all the Plant Manager IV B-2
Central
chemicals may be results with Chemical testing of Supplied specifications with laboratory #13
laboratory
added specification Chemicals of the Services p.56
supplied
Addition of
chemicals
Coagulant/Fl
quarterly
occulant
High turbidity
in Online
Use of IV B-2
Break-down of sedimentation monitoring of
FM spare/standby n/a n/a #14
equipment basins, no water after
systems p.56
formation of coagulation
flocs

Water Safety Plans
Page 97 of 154

PROCESS CAUSE OF MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY CORRECTIVE REF
For Alum,
maximum Daily samples are Advise
residual alum sent to customers not Installation of
Overdose / IV B-2
is 0.2 ppm, laboratory, to drink water Flow Meter
Underdose of Plant Manager Plant Manager #15
turbidity <3 hourly until levels are for Accurate
chemicals p.57
after monitoring of within dosing
Addition of sedimentation turbidity standard
Coagulant / basin
Flocculant
Establish a
program to
Mixing of Chemicals check the Plant Manager IV B-2
with other possible None None None None possible with laboratory #16
contamination contaminatio Services p.57
n of treatment
chemicals
Online
monitoring of
Raw water
IV B-2
Extremely high turbidity (Alert
Flocculation Incorrect setting Plant Manager None None None #17
turbidity mode when
p.57
maximum
turbidity is
reached)

Water Safety Plans
Page 98 of 154

Online
monitoring of
IV B-2
turbidity (Alert of filter bed
Filter beds Breakthrough >2 NTU Plant manager Upgrade Facility Manager #21
mode when and perform
p.58
maximum backwash
turbidity is
reached)
Chlorine flow meter

maladjustment(due
Online
to pressure changes
At least 0.80 monitoring, Plant manager IV B-2
Final in vacuum ejector or Shift engineer / Direct manual Regular
ppm of Hourly manual with program #22
Disinfection power interruptions) Operator feeding maintenance
chlorine monitoring Log management p.58
causing underdose /
sheet intact
overdose on filtered
water

Water Safety Plans
Page 99 of 154
B-3. SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
HAZARDOUS LONG TERM

CRITICAL RESPONSIBLE CORRECTIVE
PROCESS EVENT / CAUSE OF MONITORING CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY REF
LIMITS PERSON ACTION
Pressure at
least 20 psi,
Real time
Overdose / residual IV B-3
Addition of monitoring of Setting
Underdose of chlorine at least Plant Operator Automation Facility Manager #23
coagulants flowrate and adjustment
chemicals 0.5 ppm, p.59
dosing
turbidity less
than 3 NTU
Water LLDA effluent Adjustment of IV B-3

Discharge
discharge to Water quality failure standards for Plant Operator chemical Full recovery Facility Manager #28
sampling
environment class c dosing p.60
Start and run

Overflow, discharge
permissive, IV B-3
failure due to Excessive Preventive Predictive Facility
Belt press online Plant operator #29
equipment sounds, maintenance maintenance Manager/RMS
monitoring and p.60
breakdown
control

Water Safety Plans
Page 100 of 154
B-4. SAN RAFAEL TREATMENT PLANT

CRITICAL
LIMITS
Online
monitoring of Shut down of
Soil run off into the Raw water Stop Operation. treatment
IV B-4
raw water resulting Turbidity > 900 turbidity(Alert Use of plant and use Water Supply
Plant Manager #1
to high turbidity and NTU mode when alternative of more Department
p.61
Entry point other contaminants maximum source stable
of Raw Water turbidity is sources
to Treatment reached)
Plant
Addition of
Sulfuric Acid IV B-4
pH between 6.5 Regular
High/Low pH Plant Manager or Sodium n/a n/a #3
to 8.5 Monitoring of PH
Hydroxide for p.61
pH adjustment
No zero
dosing. Online
Primary
Disinfection Break-down of Shift engineer/
using liquid equipment Operator
not to record monitoring Log of equipment p.61
chlorine
minutes

Water Safety Plans
Page 101 of 154

CRITICAL CORRECTIVE
LIMITS ACTION
- Emergency
deployment of
Alarm sounds off IV B-4
No power for back-up
Power failure when power is RMS n/a n/a #5
30 minutes generator
down p.61
- Direct
Feeding
Primary Ineffective Exposure and

Disinfection chlorination due to Direct feeding replacement
chlorine, <1 residual, Plant Manager Facility Manager #6
using liquid leaks in buried of chlorine of chlorine
chlorine chlorine feeder line feeder line
Clogged
Immediate
replacement of
chlorinator
chlorine residual chlorine repair or p.62
with spare
replacement

Water Safety Plans
Page 102 of 154

CRITICAL CORRECTIVE
LIMITS ACTION
Establish and
implement a
Immediate
procedure
replacement of
Critical stating the
Contaminated Plant Manager chlorine supply Facility Manager IV B-4
parameters are Random analysis regular
chlorine may be / Laboratory which is / Laboratory #8
still to be of chlorine monitoring
added Services checked for Services p.62
defined and checking
purity before
of chlorine
installation
before
Primary acceptance
Disinfection Site visit and
using liquid observation -
chlorine IV B-4
0.80 ppm of monthly
Leaks Plant Manager Use of spare Leak Repair Facility Manager #9
chlorine checklist, hourly
p.62
monitoring of
residual chlorine
0.80 ppm of Site visit and IV B-4

Total
Rusted Pipe Fitting chlorine, <1 observation - Plant Manager n/a n/a #10
replacement
NTU, ph 6.5-7 monthly checklist p.62

Water Safety Plans
Page 103 of 154

CRITICAL RESPONSIBILI
PROCESS / CAUSE OF MONITORING CORRECTIVE CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY REF
LIMITS TY
Residual Use of spare

Primary
Uncontrolled Dosing Chlorine Residual chlorine chlorinator IV B-4
Disinfection
Due to Direct within the monitoring every Plant Manager None with easier n/a #11
using liquid
Feeding range 0.8 to 1 15 minutes feeding p.62
chlorine
ppm only scheme
Addition of Contaminated Compare Replacement of Establish a Procurement / IV B-4

Laboratory
Coagulant / chemicals may be results with Chemical testing Supplied list of other Water Supply #12
Services
Flocculant added specification Chemicals suppliers Department p.63

Water Safety Plans
Page 104 of 154

CRITICAL
LIMITS
High turbidity
in Online
Use of spare or IV B-4
Break-down of sedimentation monitoring of
Facility Manager standby n/a n/a #13
equipment basins, no water after
systems p.63
formation of coagulation
flocs
For Alum,
maximum Daily samples are
Addition of Installation
residual alum sent to
Coagulant / Overdose / Adjustment in of Flow IV B-4
is 0.2 ppm, laboratory,
Flocculant Underdose of Plant Manager dose of Meter for Facility Manager #14
turbidity <3 hourly
chemicals Coagulant Accurate p.63
NTU after monitoring of
dosing
sedimentation turbidity
basin
Establish a
procedure to
Mixing of Chemicals IV B-4
maintain
with other possible None None None None Facility Manager #15
purity of
contamination p.63
chemicals in
the facility

Water Safety Plans
Page 105 of 154

CRITICAL
LIMITS
Online
monitoring of
Raw water
Stop Operation.
Leak in the loop turbidity (Alert IV B-4
Extremely high Use of spare
Flocculation flocculator, burst of mode when Plant Manager Upgrade Facility Manager #16
turbidity system if
flocculator maximum p.64
available
turbidity is
reached), carry-
over if solids
Sludge Immediate IV B-4

Sludge formation 1/3 of basin monitoring Plant manager draining of Upgrade Facility Manager #17
Sedimentation equipment sludge p.64
Manual IV B-4
Floating leaves or Excessive Regular site visit
Plant operator cleaning and n/a n/a #18
other matters amount and observation
screens p.64

Water Safety Plans
Page 106 of 154
HAZARDOUS EVENT / IMMEDIATE LONG TERM

CRITICAL
PROCESS CAUSE OF MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY CORRECTIVE CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY REF
LIMITS
Online
monitoring of
IV B-4
turbidity (Alert of filter bed
Filter beds Breakthrough >2 NTU Plant Manager Upgrade Facility Manager #19
mode when and perform
p.64
maximum backwash
turbidity is
reached)
Chlorine flow meter

Online
maladjustment (due
monitoring, Online
to pressure changes Plant Manager
Hourly monitoring, IV B-4
in vacuum ejector or At least 0.80 Shift Engineer/ Direct manual Regular with Program
manual Hourly manual #20
power interruptions) ppm of Operator feeding maintenance Management
monitoring monitoring Log p.64
causing underdose / chlorine Department
Log sheet sheet intact
overdose on filtered
intact
water

Water Safety Plans
Page 107 of 154

Stop Operation
Contaminated Establish
of deepwell,
surface water may Turbidity >5 Online overall
flushing of IV C
enter the borehole NTU, presence monitoring of checking of
Plant Manager deepwell Facility Manager #1
which may be caused of solids in raw water different
before p.65
by poor wellhead deepwell water turbidity parts of
distribution to
completion equipment
customers
Turbidity of
water is observed
through flushing Use of
Turbidity >5
Intake Soil intrusion before deepwell Use of another IV C
NTU, presence
because of low water use. Quality of Plant Manager alternative deepwell, Plant Manager #2
of solids in
table level water in raw supply alternative p.65
deepwell water
water tank is water supply
monitored every
2 hours
Addition of
Changes in land-use Shut-down of
Regular Alert monitoring treatment
which may cause the treatment IV C
monitoring of on the use of land Plant Manager, trains to PTP
contamination of plant, use of Plant Manager #3
quality of raw which may affect Business Area to address
groundwater with alternative p.65
water the groundwater new
toxic chemicals supply
contaminants

Water Safety Plans
Page 108 of 154

Addition of
Shut-down of
Regular Alert monitoring treatment
treatment IV C
Agricultural monitoring of on the use of land Plant Manager, trains to PTP
plant, use of Plant Manager #4
Pollution quality of raw which may affect Business Area to address
alternative p.65
water the groundwater new
supply
contaminants
Turbidity of water
is observed
through flushing
Turbidity >5
Old materials of before deepwell Use of Replacement IV C
NTU, presence
pump may use. Quality of Plant Manager alternative of old Plant Manager #5
of solids in
Intake contaminate water water in raw supply materials p.66
deepwell water
water tank is
monitored every 2
hours
Pathogens from
Establish
hospital wastes may Residual Plant Manager Plant Manager in
monitoring
contaminate chlorine Monthly with coordination IV C
Increase in of raw water
groundwater which between 0.3 to monitoring of raw Laboratory with Laboratory #6
chlorine dose for other
may be caused by 1.5 ppm, fecal water Services Services p.66
pathogenic
poor disposal of coliform <1 Department Department
bacteria
hospital waste

Water Safety Plans
Page 109 of 154

Increase in
monitoring to Coordinate
determine with LGUs
Residual whether regarding
Pollution from urban Monthly
chlorine Laboratory operation poorly sealed Headworks IV C
areas contaminates monitoring of
between 0.3 to Services should be drains, Manager, #7
groundwater due to raw and treated
1.5 ppm, fecal Department stopped or installation of Business Area p.66
poorly sealed drains water
coliform <1 certain Wastewater
measures treatment
Intake should be plant
made
Stop Operation
Seek possible
Groundwater of deepwell
treatment
contains naturally Defined by Monitoring of Laboratory until levels of Program IV C
options or
occurring chemicals PNSDW / DAO critical Services critical Management, #8
find
which may be 34 or DAO 35 parameters Department parameters are Water Resources p.66
alternative
present at toxic levels already within
sources
standard

Water Safety Plans
Page 110 of 154

Aesthetic value of
Installation of
water decreased due Plant Manager Flushing of
Iron < 0.2 ppm, additional IV C
to presence of color Daily monitoring to submit lines if internal Plant Manager,
Intake manganese < treatment #9
caused by elevated of treated water samples to standards Process Engineer
0.05 ppm process if p.66
levels of iron and laboratory werent met
necessary
manganese

Water Safety Plans
Page 111 of 154

CRITICAL RESPONSIBLE
PROCESS / CAUSE OF MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY CORRECTIVE CORRECTIVE REF
LIMITS PERSON
No zero
dosing. Online
Chlorine monitoring, Spot/shock IV C-1
Break-down of Shift engineer/ Replacement
concentration is Hourly manual chlorination in Facility Manager #1
equipment Operator of equipment
not to record monitoring Log the reservoir p.67
minutes
Use of
Pre and post
generator or
chlorination
Alarm sound off divert supply IV C-1
No power for Facility
Power failure during power (from PTP to n/a n/a #2
10 minutes Manager
interruption surface water) p.67
through
valving
Ineffective Shock Exposure and

0.80 ppm of Free chlorine IV C-1
chlorination due to Facility chlorination in replacement
chlorine, <1 residual, Facility Manager #3
leaks in buried Manager the treated of chlorine
chlorine feeder line water tank feeder line

Water Safety Plans
Page 112 of 154

LIMITS PERSON
Shock Replacement
No residual chlorine 0.8 ppm IV C-1
Free chlorine chlorination in of dosing
at the treated water residual Plant Manager Facility Manager #4
residual the treated system
due to clogging chlorine p.67
Pre and post water tank equipment
chlorination
Low residual Shock
Excessive IV C-1
chlorine at the Site visit and chlorination in
dosage of Plant Manager Leak repair Facility Manager #5
treated water due to observation the treated
chlorine p.67
leaks water tank
Program to
Contaminated Plant Manager implement IV C-1
chemicals may be None None together with None regular Plant Manager #6
added laboratory checking of p.68
Addition of anti-scalant
Anti-Scalant Establish a
monitoring
Treated water Sensory, checking Plant Manage IV C-1
Overdose of Reduce dose of activity to
starting to get of water if Plant Manager with Laboratory #7
chemicals anti-scalant check proper
slippery slippery Services p.68
dose of anti-
scalant

Water Safety Plans
Page 113 of 154

LIMITS PERSON
Online
Turbidity <5
monitoring of
NTU, or
Raw water Replacement/
Dirty water after turbidity of Shut down of IV C-1
turbidity (Alert repair of
filtration due to treated water Plant Manager specific filter Plant Manager #8
mode when vessel if
breakthrough greater than vessel p.68
maximum necessary
turbidity of raw
Filter vessel turbidity is
water
reached)
Level of filter media Online Train with low

IV C-1
deteriorates, below Turbidity < 2 monitoring of level of filter Replenishing
Plant Manager Plant Manager #9
the ideal level for NTU turbidity, hourly media will be of filter media
p.68
proper filtration recording stopped

Water Safety Plans
Page 114 of 154

LIMITS PERSON
Water can no longer

undergo reverse
osmosis treatment
Train with
due to unavailability Pressure drop Schedule of
Recording of micro-filter IV C-1
Micro- of micron filter due in micro-filter is Shift engineer/ replacement
pressure drop unavailable Plant Manager #10
filtration to the following already beyond operator of micro-filter
every 2 hours will be p.69
reasons: 1) set limit media
stopped
breakdown of micro
filter, 2) clogged
micro-filter
Break-down of
Pressure drop Recording of Replacement IV C-1
Reverse equipment due to Shift engineer/ RO train will
in RO is already pressure drop of RO Plant Manager #11
osmosis -scaling and other operator be stopped
beyond set limit every 2 hours membrane p.69
factors

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LIMITS PERSON
No zero
dosing. Online
Chlorine monitoring, Spot/shock IV C-2
Break-down of Shift engineer/ Replacement
concentration is Hourly manual chlorination in Facility Manager #1
equipment operator of equipment
not to record monitoring Log the reservoir p.70
minutes
Pre and post Use of

chlorination generator or
Alarm sound off divert supply IV C-2
No power for Facility
Power failure during power (from PTP to n/a n/a #2
10 minutes Manager
through
valving
Ineffective Shock Exposure and
0.80 ppm of Free chlorine IV C-2
chlorination due to Facility chlorination in replacement
chlorine, <1 residual, Facility Manager #3
leaks in buried Manager the treated of chlorine
chlorine feeder line water tank feeder line

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LIMITS PERSON
Shock Replacement
No residual chlorine 0.8 ppm IV C-2
Free chlorine chlorination in of dosing
at the treated water residual Plant Manager Facility Manager #4
residual the treated system
due to clogging chlorine p.70
Pre and post water tank equipment
chlorination
Shock
Low residual chlorine Excessive IV C-2
Site visit and chlorination in
at the treated water dosage of Plant Manager Plant Manager #5
observation the treated
due to leaks chlorine p.70
water tank
Online
monitoring of
Raw water Replacement
Dirty water after Shut down of IV C-2
turbidity(Alert / Repair of
Filter vessel filtration due to > 5 NTU Plant Manager specific filter Plant Manager #6
mode when vessel if
breakthrough vessel p.71
maximum necessary
turbidity is
reached)

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LIMITS PERSON
Level of filter media Online Train with low

Replenishing IV C-2
deteriorates, below Turbidity < 2 monitoring of level of filter
Filter vessel Plant Manager of filter Plant Manager #7
the ideal level for NTU turbidity, hourly media will be
media p.71
proper filtration recording stopped

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D. RESERVOIRS AND PUMPING STATION

CRITICAL
LIMITS
Algal toxins, Residual Continuous

Hourly
cleaners, liner chlorine flushing, use of IV D
monitoring of Operator/Shift
chemicals and between 0.3 to alternate n/a n/a #1
residual chlorine Manager
lubricants use in the 1.5 ppm, supply if p.72
and turbidity
reservoir turbidity <5 necessary
Storage
Residual Continuous
Hourly
chlorine flushing, use of Upgrade to IV D
Reservoir short monitoring of Operator/Shift
between 0.3 to alternate prevent short Facility Manager #2
circuiting residual chlorine Manager
1.5 ppm, supply if circuiting p.72
and turbidity
turbidity <5 necessary

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CRITICAL
LIMITS
Continuous
Residual flushing, use of
Hourly Installation
Depletion of residual chlorine alternate IV D
monitoring of Operator/Shift of
chlorine due to long between 0.3 to supply if Facility Manager #3
residual chlorine Manager Chlorinator if
retention time 1.5 ppm, necessary, p.72
and turbidity necessary
turbidity <5 Direct Feeding
of Chlorine
Storage
Hourly
monitoring of
Residual Continuous
residual chlorine
Entry of chlorine flushing, use of IV D
and turbidity, Operator / Shift
contaminants in between 0.3 to alternate N/A N/A #4
checking and Manager
vents or manholes 1.5 ppm, supply if p.72
cleaning of
turbidity <5 necessary
manholes and
vents regularly

Water Safety Plans
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CRITICAL
LIMITS
Direct Dosing
Residual Hourly Replacement
of chlorine to IV D
Clogging of Chlorine chlorine at least monitoring of / Repair of
Plant Manager attain required Facility Manager #7
Injection Pumps 0.5 ppm at residual chlorine injection
residual p.73
reservoirs and turbidity pumps
chorine
Chlorination
System
No zero dosing.
Online
Chlorine
monitoring, Repair / IV D
Break-down of concentration is Shift Engineer/
Hourly manual Direct feeding Replacement Facility Manager #8
equipment not to record Operator
monitoring Log of equipment p.73
zero for > 10
sheet intact
minutes

Water Safety Plans
Page 121 of 154

CRITICAL
LIMITS
Use of
generator or
Alarm sound off divert supply IV D
No power for
Power failure during power Plant Manager (from PTP to n/a n/a #9
30 minutes
through
valving

0.80 ppm of Free chlorine Replacement IV D
chlorination due to replacement of
chlorine, <1 residual, Plant Manager of chlorine Facility Manager #10
Chlorination leaks in buried chlorine feeder
NTU, ph 6.5-7 turbidity, pH feeder line p.74
System chlorine feeder line line
Temporarily
stop operation
Hourly
of reservoir
Turbidity level monitoring of
Intrusion of and pumping
at most 3 ppm, residual chlorine IV D
Contaminants in station,
residual and turbidity Plant Manager n/a n/a #11
Reservoir through draining of
chlorine at least plus weekly p.74
openings water, direct
0.5ppm checking of
feeding of
covers if in place
chlorine if
necessary

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E DISTRIBUTION

CRITICAL CORRECTIVE
LIMITS ACTION
Gensets in good
Interrupted Water
working
production due to Repair or
condition and Genset is being
Breakdown of replace IV E
will run (time operated once a Facility
Gensets during None defective or Facility Manager #1
or gensets to month to ensure Manager
Power Interruption inefficient p.75
work after functionality
which may cause gensets
power
high turbidity
interruption)
Distribution
Network
Pumps in good Repair or

Pump
Risks during working replace
Maintenance IV E
backflow which may condition; Facility pumps.
done Quarterly; None Facility Manager #2
bring contaminants Check valves in Manager Replace
Valve exercises p.75
back to the supply good working defective
monthly
condition valves

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E. DISTRIBUTION

CRITICAL CORRECTIVE
LIMITS ACTION
Sufficient
supply at all
parts of the Valve exercises Facility Supply
Low to 0 Suction service area; monthly; Manager, Management IV E
Pressure Business Zone
Pressure causing Pressure Pressure Technical to prevent #3
management Manager
high turbidity monitoring in monitoring once Support low pressure p.75
DMAs; a week Manager areas
Pressure: 7psi
and higher
Distribution
Network
1. Pipe
Ocular inspection replacement
Intrusion of
All ACP pipes and Leak of old ACP
contaminants in Territory Territory
replaced; No Detection along lines IV E
breakage due to old Manager, Flushing of Manager,
signs of Leaks; distribution lines 2. #4
age and deterioration Business Zone lines Business Zone
Residual and On-site Disinfection p.76
of lines especially Manager Manager
Chlorine: analysis; Regular by in-line
ACP pipes
Water Sampling chlorination
3. Flushing

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E. DISTRIBUTION

PROCESS / CAUSE OF MONITORING CORRECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY REF
Unknown lines 1. Pipe

Ocular inspection
exposed and replacement of
Intrusion of and Leak Territory Business Zone
determined old ACP lines IV E
contaminants in Detection along Manager, Manager,
location; No 2. Disinfection n/a #5
breakages of distribution lines; Business Zone Territory
signs of leak; by in-line p.76
unknown lines Regular Water Manager Manager
Residual chlorination
Sampling
Chlorine: 3. Flushing
Ocular inspection
Distribution
Hygienic of pipes before
Network
practices and 5S installation;
developed and Flushing before Project
Intrusion of adapt by energization of Manager, 1. Disinfection Business Zone
IV E
contaminants during contractors and line (During Territory by in-line Manager,
n/a #11
storage before pipes workers during Project Manager, chlorination Territory
p.78
is installed pipe laying and implementation); Business Zone 2. Flushing Manager
repairs Regular Water Manager
Residual Sampling and
Chlorine: On-site analysis,
Daily

Water Safety Plans
Page 125 of 154
E. DISTRIBUTION

Ocular inspection
of pipes before
Hygienic
installation;
practices and 5S
Flushing before Project
observed by
energization of Manager, 1. Disinfection
Trench dirt gets into contractors and IV E
line (During Territory by in-line
the pipe during workers during n/a n/a #12
project Manager, chlorination
installation pipe laying and p.78
implementation); Business Zone 2. Flushing
repairs
Regular Water Manager
Residual
Sampling and
Chlorine:
On-site analysis,
Distribution Daily
Network
Pressure
Monitoring,
Daily; Ocular
Intrusion or inspection and Pipe
Territory Disinfection Business Zone
backflow of leaking No visible Leak Detection replacement IV E
Manager, by in-line Manager,
pipes during low leaks; Residual along of damaged #13
Business Zone chlorination , Territory
pressure or zero Chlorine: distribution lines; or leaking p.79
Manager Flushing Manager
pressure Regular Water pipes
Sampling and
On-site analysis,
Daily

Water Safety Plans
Page 126 of 154
E. DISTRIBUTION

Pressure
Monitoring, Daily;
Ocular inspection 1. Pipe
No visible
Intrusion of and Leak replacement of
leaks or pipe
contaminants during Detection along Territory damaged or Pipe Business Zone
burst from IV E
pipe bursts during distribution lines; Manager, leaking pipes replacement of Manager,
external #14
public works weekly or Business Zone 2. Disinfection damaged or Territory
party; p.79
improvement Monthly meeting Manager by in-line leaking pipes Manager
Residual
activities with LGU; chlorination
Chlorine:
Regular Water 3. Flushing
Sampling and On-
site analysis, Daily
Distribution
Network 1. Provide pipe
casing to
Pressure
protect pipes
Monitoring, Daily; Territory
replacement of
All pipes Ocular inspection Manager,
damaged or
Intrusion of with casing if and Leak Business Zone Flushing, use Business Zone
leaking pipes IV E
contaminants in it will pass Detection along Manager, of alternative Manager,
2. Relocate #15
submerged pipes in through distribution lines; Project line to ensure Territory
pipes away p.79
canals and drainages. canals and Regular Water Manager, clean water Manager
from canals
drainages; Sampling and On- Laboratory
and drainage
site analysis, Services
3. Disinfection
Daily;
by in-line
chlorination

Water Safety Plans
Page 127 of 154
E. DISTRIBUTION

Distribution system
Find
is fed by multiple Network review 1. Isolation of
Residual alternative
sources with varying and assessment; Territory lines Business Zone
Chlorine sources to IV E
water quality. At the Regular Water Manager, 2. DMA Manager,
maintained at prevent mixing #16
interface between Sampling, Daily Business Zone formation Territory
leat 0.3 ppm of different p.80
sources, biofilms and and On-site Manager with only 1 or Manager
sources of
scales or sediments analysis; 2 source
water
may be released.
1. Equipment
registry of
Distribution
equipments on
Network Hygienic Ocular inspection
site before start
practices and during project Project
of work; do
Equipments of 5S observed implementation; Manager, Safety
audit after work
Contractor remain by regular CCTV Officers, IV E
to ensure that
inside the pipes even contractors inspection; Territory n/a n/a #17
no equipments
after the pipe and workers Regular Water Manager, p.80
are left or lost
installation during pipe Sampling, Daily Business Zone
2. CCTV
laying and and On-site Manager
inspection
repairs analysis;
before
commissionin
g of pipes

Water Safety Plans
Page 128 of 154
E. DISTRIBUTION

Flushing for
30 minutes,
Ocular inspection
Water Residual
Insufficient Flushing during project
quality is Territory Chlorine and
after activity which implementation; IV E
good, Manager, Turbidity
may lead to low Regular Water n/a n/a #18
Turbidity at Buziness Zone should be
residual chlorine and Sampling, Daily p.81
least 3 NTU, Manager checked after
high turbidity and On-site
Distribution Residual flushing
analysis;
Network Chlorine at
least 0.5 ppm
Valve adjustment to
increase flow which Regular Water Territory Business Zone
Replacement of IV E
may disrupt the Flushing for Sampling, Daily Manager, Manager,
Flushing valve if #19
settled solids and 30 minutes and On-site Buziness Zone Territory
defective p.81
will therefore analysis; Manager Manager
increase turbidity

Water Safety Plans
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E. DISTRIBUTION

Pressure
Monitoring,
Daily; Ocular
inspection and
Establish
Leak Detection
Illegal tapping of regular
along distribution
water connections No illegal Territory monitoring of Business Zone
lines, Daily; IV E
near drainage and connection Manager, Close illegal lines, Manager,
Regular Water #20
areas with high risk and meter Business Zone connection coordination Territory
Sampling and p.81
of contamination tampering Manager with LGU to Manager
On-site analysis,
with pollutants prevent illegal
Distribution Daily; Close
connection
Network coordination of
LGUs and group
leaders among
communities
Include in
Territory
Customers MOA
Regular Water Manager,
Backflow from should not provision on IV E
Sampling, Daily Business Zone
deepwells, factories, use pump after the meter n/a n/a #21
and On-site Manager,
hospitals, directly after pipe network p.81
analysis; Laboratory
meter of such
Services
customers

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E. DISTRIBUTION

IV E
Breakage of ACP
Technical Support #22
pipes (with total Pressure at
Manager, p.82
length of 120.66 LM) least 20 psi, Hourly
Territory Stop Network
due to age and residual monitoring of Total
Manager, operation, Manager,
deterioration of chlorine at pressure, replacement of
Laboratory flushing after Business Zone
material which least 0.5 ppm, residual chlorine all ACP lines
Services repair Manager,
would effect turbidity less and turbidity
Territory
intrusion of than 3 NTU
Distribution Manager
contaminants
Network
Intrusion of Technical Support IV E
Monthly #23
contaminants due to Manager,
Turbidity at monitoring of p.82
a)undetermined Territory Establish Network
least 3 ppm, distribution
valve settings Manager, Closing of regular Manager,
Residual sampling points,
b) Stuck valves Laboratory mainlines monitoring of Business Zone
chlorine at regular
c) Old valves still not Services status of valves Manager,
least 0.5 ppm monitoring of
within standard Territory
valves
d)Overlaid Valves Manager

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VI. VERIFICATION
Verification activities are procedures or tests in addition to those used in
monitoring that will determine if the water safety plan is effective and are aligned
with its commitment. As part of Manila Waters Quality Assurance objectives, in
coordination with our partner Metropolitan Water and Sewerage System (MWSS) as
our regulator, a set of regular sampling points of our water sources, treatment plants,
and the consumers taps, were established. The frequency of sampling and the
parameters were also defined. Table 2 is a sample of the frequency of sampling as
mandated by MWSS for the year of 2009. The table is being updated at least yearly or
as the needs arise.

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TABLE 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION SCHEDULE
FACILITY SAMPLING
FREQUENCY PARAMETERS
LOCATION
BALARA 1 & 2
Chlorides, Color (TCU), pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Iron,
WEEKLY
Manganese, Fecal Coliform, Plate Count
QUARTERLY Ammonia-N, Barium, Boron, Fluoride, Sulfates
SEMI- Arsenic, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Dissolved
ANNUAL Copper, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc
RAW Oil and Grease, Surfactants, Phenols, Free Cyanide
AVFO- ( Animal Veg fat and oil), benzo-a pyrene,
benzene, Toluene,ethylbenzene, xylene, Malathion, PCBs,
ANNUAL
TCE, Aldrin, Chlordane,DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin,
Heptachlor, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Toxaphene
(pesticides)
Total &Fecal Coliform, HPC, Res. Chlorine, Color(ACU),
DAILY Turbidity, pH, Taste/Odor,Aluminum , Iron, Manganese,
Hardness
MONTHLY Chlorides, Sodium, Sulfates, TDS
Antimony, Arsenic, Boron, Cadmium,Total Chromium,
TREATED SEMI-
Total Cyanide, Fluoride, Lead, Mercury total, Nickel,
ANNUAL
Nitrate, Nitrite, Selenium
benzene,dichloroethane,dichloroethene,
ANNUAL ethylbenzene,TCE, toluene,xylene,
pesticides,bromate,THMs

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FACILITY SAMPLING
LOCATION
JALA-JALA
*DAILY pH, Turbidity, Iron, Manganese, TDS
*WEEKLY Chlorides, Sulfates
*MONTHLY Color, pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity
Chlorides, Color(TCU), pH, Fecal
QUARTERLY
Coliform,Turbidity,Alkalinity, Plate Count
SMI-
Ammonia-N, Boron, Fluoride, Sulfates, Barium, Iron
ANNUAL
RAW Arsenic, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Dissolved
ANNUAL
CopperLead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc
Oil and Grease, Surfactants, Phenols, Free Cyanide
AVFO- ( Animal Veg fat and oil), benzo-a pyrene,
ONCE
EVERY 3
YEARS
(pesticides) - c/o Glo and Mel
Total & Fecal Coliform, HPC, Res. Chlorine, Color(ACU),
DAILY Turbidity, pH, Taste/Odor, Aluminum, Iron, Hardness,
Manganese, Chloride, TDS
MONTHLY *Sulfates
QUARTERLY Sulfates, Sodium
TREATED Antimony, Arsenic, Boron, Cadmium,Total Chromium,
Total Cyanide, Fluoride, Lead, Mercury total, Nickel,
Nitrate, Nitrite, Selenium,
ANNUAL
ethylbenzene,TCE, toluene,xylene,

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FACILITY SAMPLING
LOCATION
OTHER GROUNDWATER SOURCES
Alkalinity, Chlorides, Color (TCU), pH, Turbidity, Fecal
QUARTERLY
Coliform, Plate Count
SMI-
Ammonia-N, Boron, Fluoride, Sulfates, Iron, Barium
ANNUAL
Arsenic, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Dissolved
ANNUAL
RAW Copper,Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc
Oil and Grease, Surfactants, Phenols, Free Cyanide,AVFO-
ONCE ( Animal Veg fat and oil), benzo-a pyrene, benzene,
EVERY 3 Toluene,ethylbenzene, xylene, Malathion, PCBs, TCE,
YEARS Aldrin, Chlordane,DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor,
Lindane, Methoxychlor, Toxaphene (pesticides)
T&F Coliform, HPC, Res. Chlorine, Color(ACU),
WEEKLY Turbidity, pH, Taste/Odor,Aluminum , Iron, Manganese,
Hardness
MONTHLY Chlorides, Sulfates, TDS, Sodium
Antimony, Arsenic, Boron, Cadmium, Total
TREATED SEMI-
Chromium,Total Cyanide, Fluoride, Lead,Mercury,
ANNUAL
Nickel, Nitrate, Nitrite, Selenium
ANNUAL ethylbenzene,TCE, toluene,xylene,

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FACILITY SAMPLING
LOCATION
DISTRIBUTION/CONSUMERS TAPS
Surface and
MONTHLY Total Coliform, HPC,Residual Chlorine
Groundwater
Surface ANNUAL Color, Turbidity
MONTHLY
Groundwater Color, Turbidity
100%
ANNUAL,
pH, taste, odor, aluminum, iron, manganese, Copper,
PERCENTAGE
Zinc, Antimony, Cadmium, Chromium Total, Lead,
Surface/ Groundwater OF
Nickel, Benzene, PAHs,ethylbenzene,benzo-apyrene,
SAMPLING
toluene, xylene
POINTS
RESERVOIRS
Total & Fecal Coliform, HPC, Residual Chlorine, Color,
WEEKLY
Turbidity
WATER SOURCES
BOD, Chlorides, Color, Dissolved Oxygen, Fecal
Coliform, Nitrates as N, pH, Phosphates, Temperature,
Quarterly
TSS,Ammonia as N, Barium, Boron, Fluoride, Iron,
Sulfates
Arsenic, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Dissolved
Semi-Annual
ANGAT, IPO, LAMESA, Copper,Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc
BICTI Cyanide- free , Petroleum Oil, Phenols as phenolic
substances, surfactants as MBAs,
Annual AVFO- ( Animal Veg fat and oil), benzo-a pyrene,


Water Safety Plans
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Other monitoring, including process monitoring of the treatment plants on a regular
schedule is also done. Other Verification Activities are listed in Table 4.
TABLE 4. VERIFICATION ACTIVITES
VERIFICATION RESPONSIBLE
PROCESS FREQUENCY RECORDS
ACTIVITY PERSON
Online Monitoring
of parameters such
Calibration of Plant Managers /
as pH, Turbidity, At least weekly Logbook, Records
equipment Laboratory Services
Residual Chlorine,
TDS
Quality check of Before
Procurement / Laboratory
Treatment Plants chemicals to be acceptance of
Laboratory Services Services Records
used in treatment chemical
Checking of leaks Logbook,
Territory Business
Distribution and other possible Weekly Accomplishment
Managers
contamination Reports
ISO audit
Yearly
Analysis by DOH PAO/DENR/DOH/ Laboratory
Yearly
Laboratory Services DENR Audit Laboratory Servces Services Records
Quartely
Internal Audit
Monitoring of
number of water
quality complaints, Territory Business Logbook,
Distribution Daily
as well as causes Managers Database
and corrective
actions

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Page 137 of 154
VII. VALIDATION ACTIVITES
Validation processes used for the water safety plan elements involves the
assessment of these elements using various references such as scientific literatures,
regulatory and government legislatives, and other reliable sources. Existing
operational practices, as well as laboratory monitoring, are also used in the validation
activities.

Water Safety Plans
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TABLE 5. VALIDATION OF CRITICAL LIMITS
CRITICAL
PROCESS HAZARD VALIDATION ACTIVITY
LIMIT
Higher turbidity leads to a
more frequent need for
Breakthrough >2ntu backwashing, as evidenced
FILTER BEDS IN by everyday operation in the
TREATMENT treatment plants
PLANTS pH lower than 6.5 and
pH between 6.5 higher than 8.5 imparts taste
High / Low pH
to 8.5 to the water, PNSDW set the
range of pH to be 6.5 to 8.5
Though limits of Iron and

Aesthetic value of
Manganese are 1.0 ppm and
water decreased due
Iron < 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm respectively as
GROUNDWATER to presence of color
manganese < stated in PNSDW, MWCI set
INTAKE caused by elevated
0.05 ppm lower standards due to the
levels of iron and
discoloration of water when
manganese
chlorine is added
Sufficient
supply at all
Sudden increase/decrease in
parts of the
pressure in the distribution
Low to 0 Suction service area;
DISTRIBUTION system may disturb
Pressure causing high Pressure
NETWORK sediments in the piping
turbidity monitoring in
system, which then lead to
DMAs;
the increase in turbidity
Pressure: 7psi
and higher
A minimum flushing
Flushing for 30
duration of 30 minutes is set
minutes, Water
Insufficient Flushing to ensure water quality in
quality is good,
after activity which distribution systems before
DISTRIBUTION Turbidity at
may lead to low energization of lines.
NETWORK least 3 NTU,
residual chlorine and However, flushing duration
Residual
high turbidity is increased depending on
Chlorine at
the level of residual chlorine
least 0.5 ppm
and turbidity in the water

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TABLE 6. VALIDATION OF CONTROL MEASURES
CONTROL VALIDATION
PROCESS HAZARD
MEASURE ACTIVITIES
Abundance of Algae in Regular Dosing of copper

Raw water which could Regular dosing of sulfate in Dams before the
impart color and taste copper sulfate at entry point in treatment
Entry point of Raw and may affect Dams plants to prevent further
Water to Treatment operations growth of algae
Plant
Adjustment of pH lower than 6.5 and
pH through the higher than 8.5 imparts taste
High / Low pH
use of lime or to the water, PNSDW set the
acid range of pH to be 6.5 to 8.5
Follow a
standard
Jar testing is regularly done
recommended
Addition of to ensure that the right
Overdose / Underdose dose based on
Coagulant/Flocculant amount of chemicals is
of chemicals raw water quality
in treatment plants being added to raw water
(turbidity, pH),
based on varying turbidity
automation and
flowmeters
Raw water entering
treatment plant has varying
chlorine demand, Chlorine
decreased due to
Correct chlorine demand analysis is
presence of color caused
dose frequently done and as
by elevated levels of
necessary to ensure that the
iron and manganese
right chlorine dose is
applied to the raw water
Pre and post
chlorination in Manganese in raw water
treatment plants reacts slowly with chlorine
to produce precipitate,
therefore contact time
decreased due to Correct contact
depending on the filter
presence of color caused time before
media is determined to
by elevated levels of filtration
optimize the reduction of
iron and manganese
manganese

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CONTROL
PROCESS HAZARD VALIDATION ACTIVITIES
MEASURE
Water can no longer

Checking of pressure
undergo reverse osmosis
drop in micrometer
treatment due to As evidenced in the operation
every 2 hours to
unavailability of micron manual, a certain pressure
Micro-filter in determine if
filter due to the drop is monitored if
treatment plants backwashing is
following reasons: 1) backwashing is already needed
already needed,
breakdown of micro to prevent clogging
regular replacement of
filter, 2) clogged micro-
micro-filter
filter
Residual chlorine in stored

treated water in reservoirs may
deplete if retention time is too
high. A definite number of
Depletion of residual Fill and draw method
hours is determined to ensure
Reservoir chlorine due to long of reservoir to avoid
that residual chlorine is
retention time long retention time
maintained at acceptable level,
otherwise, additional chlorine
is dosed in water before release
to the distribution system
Slow the rate of Sudden increase/decrease in

Valve adjustment to
opening and closing of pressure in the distribution
increase flow which may
valves during system may disturb sediments
disrupt the settled solids
operation/activity to in the piping system, which
and will therefore
avoid the rate of then lead to the increase in
increase turbidity
change in velocity turbidity
Distribution
Distribution system is
fed by multiple sources Isolation of source, Isolation valves are regularly
with varying water mixing of water from checked to ensure that mixiing
quality. At the interface different sources is of different water sources is
between sources, prevented by the use prevented. Consumer taps with
biofilms and scales or of proper isolation suspected mixed source are
sediments may be valves regularly checked.
released.

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VIII. DOCUMENTATION
Several forms of documentation are being kept by the different facilities to
maintain that the water safety plan elements are effective and working. In
treatment facilities, logbook and excel forms are being updated depending on the
parameters monitored such as residual chlorine, turbidity, pH, TDS, pressure,
flow rate, dose of chemicals and others critical parameters monitored. Some
parameters have available online monitoring system, which were being
converted into database for easy viewing and reference. Operation manuals are
also available and are updated as necessary in the different water facilities.
Instruction manuals of equipment used in the operation are also available on-site
for easy references.
The Laboratory Services, which analyzes different water quality
parameters during verification activities, maintain ISO/IEC 17025:9001 to ensure
that the monitoring of water quality parameters is accurate and relevant.

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IX. WATER SAFETY PLAN SUPPORT PROGRAMS
Support programs are actions that ensure water safety, but do not affect
water quality directly. These are activities that ensure the operating environment,
the equipment used and the people themselves do not become an additional
source of potential hazards to the drinking-water supply. Table 7 shows the
support programs.
TABLE 7. SUPPORT PROGRAMS
ISSUE IMPORTANCE ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN

The control of chemical hazards Develop materials and chemicals
Specifications for materials derived from materials and specifications.
and chemicals used in water chemicals used in water production Require certification of quality by a
treatment is usually best achieved through laboratory holding
product specification ISO/IEC17025:9001 accreditation
Development of employees Poor operational practice may lead

Training programmes and ongoing
and staff through operations to large-scale contamination and
supervision systems in place
training increased public health risks
Involve employees, customers,

Unawareness of the community
Climate Change and LGUs and stakeholders in tree
contributes to the lack of concern to
Environment Awareness planting activities and Lakbayan
the environment.
Program.
Regular 5S done by the facility

managers and operators
Cleanliness, House keeping Poor hygiene, unkept facility Educate employees regarding
and Proper Hygiene in contributes to contamination of proper hygiene and housekeeping
operations and at the chemicals and water leading to a practices by incorporating the topics
workplace. public health risk. in the schooling done.
Implement Sanitary and
Housekeeping Policy and should be
strictly followed.

Water Safety Plans
Page 143 of 154
Establish calibration schedule and
records of all equipments
The accuracy of each equipment
Calibration of Measuring ensures quality data which is vital Implement calibration schedule
Devices and Equipment for an efficient operation of each and will be strictly followed by
facility facility managers, operators,
contractors/suppliers
Conduct a regular asset condition

review.
The state and condition of each

Report all newly
facility and its assets contributes
acquired/replaced devices and
Asset Condition to the effectiveness and efficiency
equipment to Asset Management
in delivering potable water to
Department.
customers.
Establish asset database recording

all assets of the company.
Coordinate with government

The growing population of
officials regarding projects on new
customers dictates the rising
water sources. Research and
number in terms of demand for
New water sources develop on new process,
clean water. A new water source
technologies, equipments that
must be looked upon to supply
could treat water (saline, river,
the large demand.
etc)
Build new reservoir and treatment

plants.
In connection with finding new
water sources, it is best that the
Upgrade of facility capacity of treating and Increase capacity of treatment
capacity. containing the additional water is plant by upgrade.
increased to accommodate the
high volume. Increase number of portable
treatment plants

Water Safety Plans
Page 144 of 154
Coordinate with government
institutions concerning water
quality and environmental
Compliance with For a continuous operation and compliance.
standards set by avoid penalty, compliance to
Provide necessary training to
government institutions standards set must be attained by
personnel as required by
and regulatory office each facility.
government institutions
Improve process if necessary to

meet standards set
Research and Development focus

on new processes and
Employing new process, products technologies to be employed.
(chemicals, pipe materials,
Benchmarking with other water
pumps, etc.) and technologies will
New processes, chemicals, utility companies.
improve process, decrease NRW
materials and technologies
of the of the distribution network, Employ consultants on water
increase efficiency, and increase treatment and technologies if
savings for the company. necessary.
Attend conferences and symposia

regarding advancement in water.

Water Safety Plans
Page 145 of 154
X. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES
Unpredicted events or hazards may arise that is not recognized
initially and not included in the Risk Analysis of the Water Safety Plan.
Emergency standard procedures has been planned and organized to address
such circumstances.
All disasters and incidents is indicated by low pressure to
unavailability of water, leaks, breakages, and poor quality (odor and color).
These customer complaints are received by Systems Operation and Control
section which handles information management.
Due to the broad scope of disasters, incidents, and human activity that
may cause hindrance to delivering potable water to customers, the emergency
response plans is categorized based on the area affected and the alert level
based on 3 colors of green, yellow, and red. Green signifies normal operation,
yellow alert are for incidents affecting a small area, and red alert signifies
incidents affecting a major part of the service area coverage.
Table 7 shows the matrix and its parameters for, Dirty Water and/or
Quality Incident.

Water Safety Plans
Page 146 of 154
TABLE 7. MATRIX FOR WATER QUALITY INCIDENT
Parameters
Area Alert Command
Resolution Number OIM/SIM Validation Announcement Mobilization Augmentation
Affected Level HH Post
Time of Calls
Yes ,On
Site
10 HH 10 calls Business
more than BG TSG and Mobile
Red different different SOC All Continuity
12 hrs Director/ABM Company Truck
BA BA Team
Company mounted/
Wide Trailer
59 Business All TSM / Business
5 9 HH
calls Area NSM / Quality Area
Yellow different 12 hrs ABM /TSM NSM/TSG SOC
different
BA IMRT Partner BA Cp
BA
Business All TSM / Yes,On
10 calls TSM/
10 HH Area NSM / Quality Site
more than different
Red different ABM/TSM SOC Mobile
12hrs street/
Business street/DMZ BZM/ORM IMRT Partner BA Truck
DMZ
Area/ mounted/
Business 59 Business
Zone 5 9 HH TSM/BZM/ BZM / STM /
calls Zone
Yellow different 12 hrs different TSM/BZM SOC TM / Quality / Optional
street/DMZ street/ ORM IMRT NSM
DMZ
2 or Business
BZM/STM/
2 -4 HH of more of Zone Other
more than
Red the same the BZM/STM ORM SOC IMRT Business Zone As needed
DMZ 12 hrs
street same Team/NSM
street
Yellow 1 HH 12 hrs 1 STM/TM TM/ORM SOC TM team NSM As needed

Water Safety Plans
Page 147 of 154
All calls from customers are received through the call center with
hotline number 1627. These complaints are then forwarded to the concerned
Territory Manager. Territory manager confirms and validates calls by
visiting the customer and assessing the report on site. Once validated, the
Territory Manager request all assistance needed (materials, service
contractors, tankers, security) depending on the gravity of the incident.
All required materials and assistance will be deployed in the site as
needed. An Incident Management Checklist will be accomplished by the
Overall Incident Manager (OIM). Once the incident is resolved, the Territory
Manager will close the complaint and declare to the Systems Operation and
Control that operation is back to normal.
A. Incident Response Team
Each role in the Incident Management Response team is defined to
ensure that an incident is handled well and resolved in the minimum time
possible. For a disaster or incident that is Business Area wide, Table 7
identifies the roles of each individual:

Water Safety Plans
Page 148 of 154
TABLE 8. ROLES OF INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAM
Area Business Manager Orchestrate the Business Area Incident Management

(ABM) Response Team (IMRT)
Technical Support Manager Ensure continuity of water supply
(TSM) Direct Business Zone Manager/Territory Manager in
resolving/restoring water supply
Coordinate with Project Manager in formulating and
implementing technical solutions to address specific
network problems
Assist ABM in directing Customer Services effort to
mitigate effect of disaster
Give regular feedback to ABM on the progress of
water supply restoration works
Customer Support Acts as communication man
(Customer Care Manager Set-up and assists the ABM in managing the command
/Customer Service Manager / post
Business Zone Manager, Coordinate with other members of IMRT
Senior Territory Manager, Coordinate with LGU and other government agencies
Territory Manager) Assist ABM in managing media relations at the BA
level
Coordinate with TSM in all aspect of customer
management effort
Provide periodic feedback to ABM
Project Manager Propose technical solutions to address specific
problem area
Mobilize suki contractor
Coordinate with the TSM on all technical solutions
Manage all projects aimed at restoring water supply to
customers

Water Safety Plans
Page 149 of 154
Maintenance (Reliability and Coordinate facility repair and restoration efforts
Maintenance Solutions) Ensure availability of spare supplies for the restoration
of critical facilities
Mobilize service provider for facilities and equipment
repair
Provide periodic feedback to ABM / OIM
Safety Assure safety and quality of execution of

activities/projects at all times
Ensure necessary safety equipment, signage and
Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) are in place
Logistics (Materials) Ensure availability of repair materials

Establish supply line between supplier and Business
Area concern for the availability and delivery of critical
materials
Gives periodic feedback to the TSM/ABM
Security/503rd WSBn Ensure security is provided where needed at all times
Coordinate security effort among all agencies involved
Provide periodic feedback to ABM/OIM
First Aider Respond to search and rescue operations

Coordinate all search and rescue effort by other
agencies
Perform emergency first aid where needed
Coordinate with other health agencies for any medical
assistance
Give periodic feedback to the ABM
Communication in case of Information dissemination among the family of IMRT

major disaster members
Serves as messenger / courier between Incident
Management Response Team, Central Command Post
and Business Continuity Team
Gives feedback to the ABM
A post-incident assessment is conducted to evaluate the activity and to

improve process if necessary.

Water Safety Plans
Page 150 of 154
XI. AUDIT, REVIEW, AND REVISION
To determine and ensure the effectiveness of this water safety plan, a schedule of
audit, review and revision is prepared. Please see table below for the proposed schedule.
AUDITOR /
ACTIVITY FREQUENCY TARGET DATE REVIEWING
PERSONNEL
MWC
Every July and
Audit Semi-Annual internal
December
auditors
Review & Quarterly(recommended), March, June, Water Supply
Revision or as needed September, November Department
External parties will also be invited for Audit. The Water Safety Plan Team will
continue to update this document as necessary.
XII. REFERENCES
A Brief Guide to Drinking Water Safety Plans, DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
Water Safety Plans., Managing drinking-water quality from catchment to consume, World
Health Organization 2005
Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Third Edition, Volume 1 , World Health

Organization, 2004
Godfrey, S. and Howard, G. 2004. Water Safety Plan (WSP) for Urban Piped Water
Supplies in Developing Countries. Water, Engineering and Development Centre.
Loughborough University, UK.
Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water, 2007
AUTHORS:
Regina Tribaco
Leah Pacariem
OPERATIONS GROUP
MANILA WATER COMPANY

Water Safety Plans
Page 151 of 154
APPENDIX A. LIST OF STANDBY DEEPWELLS
Balara Business Area

MUNICIPALITY YEAR ACTUAL YIELD
NAME ADDRESS HP
/ CITY INSTALLED MLD Lit/Min.
1 Pag-asa Road 10, Barangay Plaza, Pag-asa Quezon City -- 25 0.864 600
2 Sto. Cristo Sto. Cristo Elem. School, Nueva Viscaya Street, Bago-Bantay Quezon City -- 40 1.440 1000
Cubao Business Area

1 St. Ignatius Riverdale corner Astoria Street, St. Ignatius Village Quezon City -- 40 1.728 1200
2 Escopa P. Burgos Street, Escopa, Project 4 (near Deaf & Blind) Quezon City 1979 30 1 800
3 White Plains #1 Nathan Road near corner Derby Street, White Plains Subdivision Quezon City 1995 30 1.368 950
4 Maria Clara Josephine Bracken corner JP Rizal Street, Project 4 Quezon City -- 40 1.728 1200
5 Blue Ridge Hillside Loop corner Hillside Drive, Blue Ridge Subdivision Quezon City -- 40 1.728 1200
San Juan Business Area

1 Ayala Homes Ayala Homes, Barangka Mandaluyong -- 40 1.728 1200
Oranbo St. Augustine Street (dead end) near Dr. Oranbo Elem. School, Bgy. Pasig 50 2 1400
--
2 Oranbo
3 Pinaglabanan -- San Juan -- 30 1.440 1000

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Taguig Business Area
1 Dasmarinas #3 Palm Avenue corner Amorsolo Street, Ecology Village Makati -- 75 1.728 1200
2 Dasmarinas #14 Amorsolo Street, Ecology Village Makati -- 70 1.728 1200
3 Dasmarinas #17 Lumbang Street near Campanilla Street, Dasmarinas Village Makati -- 75 1.728 1200
4 Dasmarinas #39 Pasay Road corner Palm Avenue, Dasmarinas Village Makati 1976 75 1.728 1200
5 Dasmarinas #40 Mahogany corner Acacia Street, Dasmarinas Village Makati 1995 80 1.728 1200
6 Forbes Park #2 Pili corner Tamarind Road (dead end, near creek), Forbes Park Makati 1964 40 1.080 750
7 Forbes Park #6 Tamarind Road (near creek), Forbes Park Makati -- 75 1.728 1200
8 Forbes Park #8 Palm Avenue near Mckinley Road, Forbes Park Makati 1969 75 1.728 1200
9 Forbes Park #9 Narra Avenue, Forbes Park Makati -- 75 1.728 1100

10 Forbes Park #12 Pili corner Tamarind Road, Forbes Park Makati -- 65 1.728 1200
11 General Santos Gen. Santos Avenue (Taguig Public Market) Taguig -- 50 2.592 1800
# Bagumbayan Barangay Bagumbayan inside Barangay Compound Taguig -- 50 2.592 1800
# Navy Road Navy Road (in front of basketball court) Taguig -- 40 2.016 1400
Signal Village #1 Ballecer Street corner Miranda Avenue, Signal Village (near Signal Taguig 10 0.331 250
Gymn & barangay office) 1981
15
# Signal Village #3 Ballecer Street, Signal Village (Sto. Nio) Taguig 1998 40 1.08 750
1 Holy Family Holy Family Subd., Bgy. Bagumbayan Taguig -- 40 -- --
Marikina Business Area

Loyola Grand Soliven 1, Loyola Grand Villas Marikina 25 600
Villas -- --
1
2 Nursery Nursery & Trial Court Compound (back of Roosevelt College) San Mateo -- 40 2.304 1600
Maly Maly Street (beside Maly Church near boundary of San Mateo & San Mateo 1978 30 1.152 800
3 Rodriguez)
4 Sta. Maria Sta. Maria Subdivision, Ampid San Mateo 1993 15 0.729 550
San Mateo Public M.H. del Pilar Street (back of public market) San Mateo 1976 30 1.584 1100
5 Market
6 Sta. Ana BA Cruz Street, Barangay Sta. Ana (beside basketball court) San Mateo 1986 20 1.080 750
7 Banaba-Ampid Banaba Street, Bgy. Ampid San Mateo 1977 20 1.08 750

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Pasig Business Area
1 Mapandan Hunters ROTC Avenue, Bgy. San Juan beside Cainta Gym Cainta 1983 20 1.080 750
2 San Isidro Rizal Avenue, Bgy. San Isidro near boundary of Cainta & Taytay Taytay 1989 20 1.08 750
Sta. Ana BA Cruz Street, Barangay Sta. Ana inside Sta. Ana Elementary Taytay 30 1.656 1150
Elementary School School --
3
4 Cantaco Velasquez Street, Sitio Bangiad, Barangay San Juan Taytay -- 50 2.592 1800
5 Zapanta Velasquez Street, Sitio Bangiad, Barangay San Juan Taytay -- 50 2.592 1800
6 Ciudad Grande Ciudad Grande Subd., Bgy. Muzon Taytay -- 50 2.592 1800
7 San Miguel Yakal Street, San Miguel Subd., Bgy. San Juan Taytay -- 50 2.016 1400
8 Binhi ng Pag-asa Binhi ng Pag-asa, Sta. Ana Taytay 2005 -- -- --
Rizal Business Area

1 Ang Tahanan Inside Saarland Subd., Bgy. San Isidro Antipolo 1982 30 1 1000
2 Buliran Buliran Street along road leading to Cottonwood Subdivision Antipolo 1990 25 1.080 750
3 Cogeo #4 Road 31-A Cogeo Village, Bagong Nayon Cogeo 1980 30 1.584 1100
4 Parugan Sitio Parugan, Barangay San Jose Antipolo 1994 20 0.792 550
5 Saguinsin Circumferential Road corner Sumulong Highway Antipolo 1983 30 1.440 1000
San Isidro C. Lawis Extension inside San Isidro Elem. School Antipolo 1981 30 1.584 1100
6 Elementary
7 Sto. Nino Sto. Nino Street, Barangay San Jose Antipolo 1976 30 1.224 850
Sumulong A. Luna Street, Inside compound of Sumulong Elem. School Antipolo 1981 35
Elementary -- --
8
9 Masangkay Masangkay Street corner Martinez Street Antipolo 2002 40 2.304 1600
10 Tapales Tapales Street, Barangay Dalig Antipolo 2002 50 2.592 1800
11 Pedracio De Jesus Street near corner Pedracio Street, Barangay Dalig Antipolo 2002 50 2.592 1800
12 M. H. Del Pilar MH del Pilar Street, Barangay San Isidro Antipolo 2002 25 0.936 650
13 Tubigan NFA Rpad, Sitio Tubigan Antipolo 1996 20 1.152 800
14 San Lorenzo San Lorenzo, Barangay Dalig Antipolo -- 40 1.728 1200

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Manila Water Company, Inc.

Water Safety Plans

III. Water Supply System 11

Manila Water Company, Inc.

Manila Water Company, Inc.

distributes to the customers. With the guidance of MWSS-Regulatory Office,

distribution system are also monitored monthly for bacteriological analysis.

Although the defined sampling locations are monitored on a regular basis,

incidents such as pipe bursts in the distribution system or the break-down of

Manila Water Company, Inc.

consumption. To address this challenge, the Water Safety Plan is developed.

A Water Safety Plan (WSP) has two (2) major functions

1) To ensure that water supply is safe for human consumption, and

2) That meets the health based standards and other regulatory

It is based on a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management

The objectives of a water safety plan are to ensure safe-drinking water

through the following approach:

Prevent contamination of source water

Treat the water so as to reduce or remove contaminants that could be

Prevent re-contamination during storage, distribution and handling of

Manila Water Company, Inc.

quality of water distributed to its customers, developed a Water Safety Plan

the East Concessionaire Area. A multi-discipline team from different

departments was organized to develop methodologies and plans to oversee and

Figure 1 shows the organizational chart of the multi-disciplined team.

Manila Water Company, Inc.

WATER RESOURCES WATER TREATMENT DISTRIBUTION SUPPORT

Common Purpose Treatment Facility Pumping Stations Laboratory Services

Headworks Manager Balara TP 1 & 2 Network Managers Reliability and

Watershed Mngt Supplementary Business Area Business Continuity

Program Management Water Supply Headline Systems Operation

Manila Water Company, Inc.

1. Description of the supply system

Raw Water Sources

Water Treatment Plants

Ground Water Sources

Identification of Hazards and Hazardous Event and their existing

Classifying the hazard according to likelihood and severity

Identifying the critical limits and the existing monitoring of the

high and medium risks hazardous event including the responsible

Identifying the immediate corrective action if the existing control

Identifying long term corrective actions and their corresponding

Manila Water Company, Inc.

4. Identifying validation activities for the different elements of the Water

5. Describing documentation schemes to maintain Water Safety Plan

6. Description of programs to review and audit

7. Identification of Support Programs

8. Emergency Management Procedures

Manila Water Company, Inc.

Manila Water was formed in 1997 when the Philippine government

privatized the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS).

safe drinking water at all. Unfortunately, most of those without access to

water belonged to the low-income groups living in informal settlements

MWSS. The proliferation of illegal connections particularly in depressed areas

major challenges that Manila Water had to address at the onset.

Similarly, the problem of illegal connections had given rise to water

quality problems because of contamination of lines. Illegal tapping and use of

Manila Water Company, Inc.

cities of Mandaluyong, Pasig, Makati and Marikina, most parts of Quezon

Manila Water currently operates a significant number of water treatment

Manila Water Company, Inc.

A. RAW WATER SOURCES