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Aldehyde: H-C=O
Ketone: O=C-CH2OH
Glyceraldehyde aldotriose
Dihydroxyacetone ketotriose
Same molecular formula but different functional groups =
Tautomers
CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are classified according to the number of sugar units
(Monomers) they contain:
a.Monosaccharides
c.Oligosaccharides
d.Polysaccharides
Glycosidic bond-
Glycosaminoglycans
Unbranched polysaccharides that consists of alternating uronic acid
and hexosamine residue
Glycoproteins
The polypeptide chains of glycoprotein are synthesized under genetic
control
Carbohydrate chains are enzymatically added and covalently linked
to the polypeptide chain without the guidance of the nucleic acid
template --- microheterogeneity
Types:
Proteoglycan
Peptidoglycan
Glycosylated protein
Proteoglycan
The brushlike structure of proteoglycans, together with the
polyanionic character of keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate
cause these complexes to be highly hydrated.
Peptidoglycans
Gram positive bacteria have peptidoglycan layers in their surface
which contains carbohydrates. Since carbohydrates have polyhydroxyl
groups that form hydrdogen bond with water, Gram positive bacteria
can be stained by dyes dissolved in water