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Construction of 10.

00mts span culvert on Nathalova Drain at Saripalli

Name of the work:-


n of 10.00mts span culvert on Nathalova Drain at Saripalli

e work:-
Design Philosophy:-

The design of 1V-- 10.37m right span culvert is carried as per the procedure out lined
below:-

Step1:-

The design discharge was fixed after arriving discharge based on the following methods:-

a.As per the hydraulic particulars furnished by the Irrigation department

b.By Area-Velocity method using Manning's equation for arriving at the flow velocity
and area by considering actual cross-section of the channel.

Step2:-

a.Hydraulic particulars like HFL,OFL are obtained from Irrigation department.

b.Bottom of deck level was fixed based on HFL and road formation levels on both sides.
The vertical clearence and afflux are verified.

c.Ventway calculations are done for fixation of ventway.

d.Normal scour depth with reference to HFL was calculated using Lacey's equations

e.After arriving at the Maximum scour depth,bottom level of the foundation was fixed
below the maximum scour depth

Step3:-

After arriving at bottom of deck level,bottom of foundation level and required


ventway,the dimensions of the bridge are finalised.

The structural components are desined in the following manner:-

a.As per the recommendations of IRC 6:2000,IRC class A live load required for bridges
and culverts of medium importance is selected.

b.Load combination is selected as per IRC 6:2000

c.Based on the trial pit particulars and soil test reports,type of foundation was selected.

d.The structural components like Abutment,raft foundation are


designed as per the guide lines given in relevent IRC codes.

e.The deck slab is proposed as per the MOST drawing Nos.BD 3-74&BD 4-74

f.The dirt wall is proposed as per the drawings given in Plate No.7.25 of
IRC:SP20-2002(Rural roads manual)
Design of Abutments

I)Design Parameters:-

Clear Right Span = 10.00m

Deck slab length = 10.740m

Width of the carriage way = 5.50m

Thickness of deck slab as per MOST Dg.BD 3-74 = 0.790m

Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075m

Height of railing = 1.200m

Thickness of dirt wall = 0.30m

Sectional area of dirt wall = 0.440sqm

Thickness of RAFT footing = 0.70m

Height of abutments = 2.700m

(As per hydralic calculations)

Top width of abutments = 0.690m

Bottom width of abutments = 2.20m

Sectional area of abutment section = 3.902sqm

Bank side batter of abutment = 1.510m

Stream side batter of abutment = 0.000m

Width of 1st footing = 2.50m

Thickness of 1st footing = 0.30m

Canal side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.15m

Bank side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.15m

Width of 2nd footing = 2.65m

Thickness of 2nd footing = 0.30m

Canal side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.30m

Bank side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.15m

Width of 3rd footing = 0.00m

Thickness of 3rd footing = 0.00m

Canal side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.00m

Bank side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.00m

Width of VRCC RAFT footing = 6.85m

Thickness of VRCC RAFT footing = 0.70m

Type of bearings = No bearings proposed

Unit weight of RCC (yrc) = 25KN/cum

Unit weight of PCC (ypc) = 24KN/cum

Density of back fill soil behind abutments (y) = 18KN/Cum

Unit weight of water (yw) = 10KN/Cum


Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q) = 30

Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In = 60.81


degrees)(in clock wise direction)(a)
Slope of back fill (b) = 0

Angle of wall friction (q) = 15

Height of surcharge considered (h3) = 1.20m

Road crest level (RTL) = 3.665m

Low bed level (LBL) = 0.250m

High flood Level (HFL) = 2.200m


Bottom of foundation level (BFL) = -1.500m
Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil (SBC) = 8.00t/sqm
Compressive strength of concrete for RCC Raft footing = 25.00N/sqmm
(fck)
Yield strength of steel (fy) = 415.00N/sqmm
Cover to reinforcement = 50.00mm

II)General loading pattern:-

As per IRC:6---2000,the following loadings are to be considered on the bridge or slab


culvert:-

1.Dead load
2.Live load
3.Impact load
4.Wind load
5.Water current
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings
7.Buoyancy
8.Earth pressure
9.Seismic force
10.Water pressure force

As per clause 202.3,the increase in permissible stresses is not permissible for the
above loading combination.

III)Loading on the slab culvert for design of abutments:-

1.Dead Load:-

i)Self wieght of the deck slab = 583.32KN

ii)Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment = 60.50KN

iii)Self weight of wearing coat = 55.38KN

699.20KN

There is no need to consider snow load as per the climatic conditions


Self wieght of the abutments upto bottom most footing based on the preliminary
section assumed:-

iv)Self wieght of the abutment section = 515.06KN

v)Self wieght of top footing = 99.00KN

vi)Self wieght of 2nd footing = 104.94KN

vii)Self wieght of 3rd footing = 0.00KN

viii)Self wieght of 4th footing = 0.00KN

719.00KN

W1 W1

ix)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment

S.No Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe of Moment


abutment

1 Back 269.082 1.193 321.01


batter(W1)

2 Centre 245.916 0.345 84.84


portion(W2)

3 Front 0 0 0
batter(W3)

514.998 405.85

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.79m


Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment = 0.310m

x)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment&1st footing w.r.t bottom of 1st footing

S.No Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe of 1st Moment
footing

1 Back batter 269.082 1.343 361.38

2 Centre portion 245.916 0.495 121.73

3 Front batter 0 0 0

4 1st footing 99.00KN 1.25 123.75

613.998 606.86

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.99m

Eccentricity wrt centre of 1st footing= 0.260m

xi)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing
S.No Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe of 2nd Moment
footing

1 Back batter 269.082 1.493 401.74

2 Centre portion 245.916 0.645 158.62

3 Front batter 0 0.3 0

4 1st footing 99.00KN 1.400 138.6

5 2nd footing 104.94KN 1.325 139.05

718.938 838.01

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 1.17m

Eccentricity = 0.155m

xii)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing

S.No Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe of 3rd Moment
footing

1 Back batter 0 1.493 0


2 Centre portion 0 0.645 0
3 Front batter 0 0.3 0
4 1st footing 0 1.10 0
5 2nd footing 0 1.03 0
6 3rd footing 0 0.00 0
0 0

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.00m

Eccentricity = 0.000m

2.Live Load:-

As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000,the bridges and culverts of medium importance


are to be designed for IRC Class A loading.

GENERAL IRC Class-A loading Pattern

1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00


1.80
2.7t

1.10
2.7t
3.20

11.4t
1.20

11.4t
4.30

6.8t
3.00

6.8t
3.00

6.8t
3.00

6.8t
The IRC Class A loading as per the drawing is severe and the same is to be considered as per
clauses 207.1.3&207.4

Y
475

11.4t

11.4t

Portion to be loaded
with 5KN/m live
load
10000 11380
6.8t

6.8t

5500
X
2925 3525

The ground contact area of wheels for the above placement,each axle wise is
given below:-

Axle load Ground Contact Area


(Tonnes) B(mm) W(mm)

11.4 250 500


6.8 200 380
2.7 150 200

Assuming 0.475m allowance for guide posts/kerbs and the clear distance of vehicle from

the edge of guide post being 0.15m as per clause 207.1,the value of 'f' shown in the figure will

be 0.625m

Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) = 0.625m

Similarly,the area to be loaded on right side (k) = 3.525m

4.15m

The total live load on the deck slab composes the following components:-

1.Wheel loads----Point loads 364.00KN

2.Live load in remaing portion(Left side)----UDL 33.56KN

2.Live load in remaing portion(Right side)----UDL 189.29KN

586.86KN

Resultant live load:-

Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction(Along the direction of travel of vehicles)

Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis

S.No Wheel Distance from Y-axis Moment


Load/UDL in
KN

1 57 0.875m 49.88KNm

2 57 0.875m 49.88KNm

3 57 2.675m 152.48KNm

4 57 2.675m 152.48KNm

5 34 0.875m 29.75KNm

6 34 0.875m 29.75KNm

7 34 2.675m 90.95KNm

8 34 2.675m 90.95KNm

9 33.5625 0.313m 10.49KNm

10 189.2925 4.688m 887.31KNm


586.855 1543.90KNm

Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis

= 2.631m

Eccentricity = 0.594m

Eccentricity of live load w.r.t x-direction(At right angle to the travel of vehicles)

Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t x-axis

S.No Load in KN Distance from X-axis Moment

1 57 11.005m 627.29KNm

2 57 11.005m 627.29KNm

3 57 9.805m 558.89KNm

4 57 9.805m 558.89KNm

5 34 5.505m 187.17KNm

6 34 5.505m 187.17KNm

7 34 2.505m 85.17KNm

8 34 2.505m 85.17KNm

9 33.56KN 5.690m 190.97KNm

10 189.29KN 5.690m 1077.07KNm

586.855 4185.06KN

Distance of centroid of forces from x-axis

= 7.131m

Eccentricity = 2.441m

Y
Location of Resultant

2631

10000 11380
2631

10000 11380

7131

5500
X

Calculation of reactions on abutments:-

Reaction due to loads Ra = 367.74KN

Reaction due to point loads = Rb = 219.12KN

Hence,the critical reaction is Ra = 367.7KN

The corrected reaction at obtuse corner = 367.74KN

Assuming that the live load reaction acts at the centre of the contact area on the abutment,

300
185

300

815
815
815
815
740

The eccentricty of the line of action of live load at bottom of abutment = 0.815m

----do----on top of 1st footing = 0.815m

----do----on top of 2nd footing = 0.740m

The eccentricity in the other direction need not be considered due to high section modulus in transverse
direction.

3.Impact of vehicles:-

As per Clause 211 of IRC:6--2000,impact allowance shall be made by an increment

of live load by a factor 4.5/(6+L)

Hence,the factor is 0.269

Further as per clause 211.7 of IRC:6--2000,the above impact factor shall be only

50% for calculation of pressure on piers and abutments just below the level of bed block.There

is no need to increase the live load below 3m depth.

As such,the impact allowance for the top 3m of abutments will be 0.1345

For the remaining portion,impact need not be considered.

4.Wind load:-

The deck system is located at height of (RTL-LBL) 3.42m

The Wind pressure acting on deck system located at that height is considered for design.

As per clause 212.3 and from Table .4 of IRC:6---2000,the wind pressure at that
hieght is=

59.48 Kg/m2.

Height of the deck system = 2.065

Breadth of the deck system = 11.38


The effective area exposed to wind force =HeightxBreadth =

Hence,the wind force acting at centroid of the deck system = 6.97KN


(Taking 50% perforations)

Further as per clause 212.4 of IRC:6---2000 ,300 Kg/m wind force is considered to be

acting at a hieght of 1.5m from road surface on live load vehicle.

Hence,the wind force acting at 1.5m above the road surface = 16.50KN

The location of the wind force from the top of RCC raft footing = 5.97m

5.Water current force:-

Water pressure considered on square ended abutments as per clause 213.2 of


IRC:6---2000 is

P = 52KV2 = 26.286 Kg/m2.

(where the value of 'K' is 1.5 for square ended abutments)

For the purpose of calculation of exposed area to water current force,only 1.0m

width of abutment is considered for full hieght upto HFL

Hence,the water current force = 0.90KN

Point of action of water current force from the top of RCC raft footing = 4.47m

6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings:-

The breaking effect of vehicles shall be 20% of live load acting in longitudinal

direction at 1.2m above road surface as per the clause 214.2 of IRC:6--2000.

As no bearings are assumed in the present case,50% of the above longitudinal

force can be assumed to be transmitted to the supports of simply supported spans resting on

stiff foundation with no bearings as per clause 214.5.1.3 of IRC:6---2000

Hence,the longitudinal force due to braking,tractive or frictional resistance of

bearings transferred to abutments is

58.69KN

The location of the tractive force from the top of RCC raft footing = 5.67m

7.Buoyancy :-
As per clause 216.4 of IRC:6---2000,for abutments or piers of shallow depth,the
dead weight of the abutment shall be reduced by wieght of equal volume of water upto HFL.

The above reduction in self wieght will be considered assuming that the back fill
behind the abutment is scoured.

For the preliminary section assumed,the volume of abutment section is

i)Volume of abutment section = 21.46Cum

ii)Volume of top footing = 4.13Cum

iii)Volume of 2nd footing = 4.37Cum

iv)Volume of 3rd footing = 0.00Cum

v)Volume of 4th footing = 0.00Cum

29.96Cum

Reduction in self wieght = 299.58KN

8.Earth pressure :-

As per clause 217.1 of IRC:6---2000,the abutments are to be designed for a

surcharge equivalent to a back fill of hieght 1.20m behind the abutment.

The coefficient of active earth pressure exerted by the cohesion less back fill on

the abutment as per the Coulomb's theory is given by

'2
Ka = Sin(a+Q)
sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

Sin(a+Q) = SIN[3.14*(62.46+30)/180] = 0.999


Sin(a-q) = SIN[3.14*(62.46-15)/180] = 0.737
Sina = SIN[3.14*(62.46)/180] = 0.886
Sin(Q+q) = SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] = 0.707
Sin(Q-b) = SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] = 0.5
Sin(a+b) = SIN[3.14*(62.46+0)/180] = 0.886

From the above expression,

Ka = 0.6

The hieght of abutment above GL,as per the preliminary section assumed = 2.700m

Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall Pa = 29.16KN/sqm


The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:-

Surcharge load = 12.96 KN/sqm

12.96

2.700

29.16 12.96

Area of the rectangular portion = 34.99


Area of the triangular portion = 39.37
74.36

Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

S.No Description Area Lever arm Moment

1 Rectangular 34.99 1.35 47.2365


2 Triangular 39.37 0.9 35.433

74.36 82.6695
Height from the bottom of the wall = 1.11m

The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:-

0.69

44.19
2.700m

1.11m

60.81
2.20
0.62
Total earth pressure acting on the abutment P = 408.97KN

Horizontal component of the earth pressure Ph = 293.36KN

Vertical component of the earth pressure Pv = 284.95KN

Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure = 0.48m

9.Siesmic force :-

As per clause 222.1 of IRC:6---2000,the bridges in siesmic zones I and II need not be

designed for siesmic forces.The location of the slab culvert is in Zone-I.Hence,there is no need to

design the bridge for siesmic forces.

10.Water pressure force:-

The water pressure distribution on the abutment is as given below:-

HFL 2.200m

3.70

BFL -1.500m
37.00kn/sqm
Total horizontal water pressure force = 376.48KN

The above pressure acts at height of H/3 = 1.23m

IV)Check for stresses for abutments&footings:-

a)Load Envelope-I:-(The Canal is dry,back fill scoured with live load on span)

i)On top of RCC raft

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical forces acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-


KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.740 0.00

2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 718.94KN 0.155 0.000

3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor---(Wheel 466.66KN -0.740 0.000
loads+UDL)
4 Impact load 0.00 0.00 0.00

1884.79

Horizontal forces acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the


KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.97

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN y-Direction 5.67

3 Water current force 0.90KN x-Direction 4.47

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of 2nd footing b = 6.25m

Depth of 2nd footing d = 2.45m

Area of the footing = A = 15.3125 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 6.25 m3


about x-axis --Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.740 13.22
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 718.94KN 0.155 53.94
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN -0.740 8.83
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.000 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN 5.67 -53.22

22.77

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe


KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.740 78.1
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 718.94KN -0.155 39.96
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.740 52.13
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.000 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN 5.67 53.22

223.41

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 22.77 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 223.41 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of 3rd footing b = 2.45m

Depth of 3rd footing d = 6.25m

Area of the footing = A = 15.3125 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing about = (1/6)bd2 = 15.95 m3


y-axis--Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at upstream
KN (P) arm edge
P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 45.66
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 718.94KN 0.00 46.95
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.000 30.48
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 5.97 -6.18
6 Water current force 0.90KN 4.47 -0.25

116.66

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at D/S edge


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 45.66
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 718.94KN 0.00 46.95
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.000 30.48
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 5.97 6.18
6 Water current force 0.90KN 4.47 0.25
129.52

Stress at up stream side P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 116.66 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.


edge =

Hence safe.

Stress at down stream side P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 129.52 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm


edge =
Hence safe.

i)On top of 2nd footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-


KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.740 0.00

2 Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 614.00KN 0.260 0.000

3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN -0.740 0.000

4 Impact load 0.00 0.000 0.00


Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the


KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.67

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN y-Direction 5.37

3 Water current force 0.90KN x-Direction 4.17

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of 1st footing b = 6.25m


Depth of 1st footing d = 2.50m
Area of the footing = A = 15.625 m2

Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd2 = 6.51 m3


about x-axis--Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.74 12.96
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 614.00KN 0.26 43.22
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN -0.74 8.65
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN 5.37 -48.41

16.42

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe


KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.74 76.54
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 614.00KN -0.26 29.49
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.74 51.08
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN 5.37 48.41

205.52
Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 16.42 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 205.52 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of 1st footing b = 2.50m


Depth of 1st footing d = 6.25m
Area of the footing = A = 15.625 m2

Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd2 = 16.28 m3


about y-axis--Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at upstream


KN (P) arm edge
P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 44.75
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 614.00KN 0.00 39.3
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.000 29.87
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 5.67 -5.75
6 Water current force 0.90KN 4.17 -0.23

107.94

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at D/S edge


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 44.75
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 614.00KN 0.00 39.3
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.000 29.87
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 5.67 5.75
6 Water current force 0.90KN 4.17 0.23
119.9

Stress at up stream side


edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 107.94 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 119.9 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

i)On top of 1st footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles


b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-


KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.815 0.00
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 515.00KN 0.310 0.000
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN -0.815 0.000

4 Impact load 0.00 0.000 0.00

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the


KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.37


2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN y-Direction 5.07
3 Water current force 0.90KN x-Direction 3.87

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of abutment b = 6.25m


Depth of abutment d = 2.20m
Area of the footing = A = 13.75 m2

Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd2 = 5.04 m3


about x-axis--Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.82 11.07
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 515.00KN 0.31 42.52
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN -0.82 7.39
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN 5.07 -59.02

1.96

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe


KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.82 90.64
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 515.00KN -0.31 26.31
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.82 60.49
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN 5.07 59.02

236.46

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 1.96 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 236.46 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of abutment b = 2.20m


Depth of abutment d = 6.25m
Area of the footing = A = 13.75 m2

Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd2 = 14.32 m3


about y-axis--Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at upstream


KN (P) arm edge
P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 50.85
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 515.00KN 0.00 37.45
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.000 33.94
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 5.37 -6.19
6 Water current force 0.90KN 3.87 -0.24

115.81

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at D/S edge


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 50.85
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 515.00KN 0.00 37.45
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.000 33.94
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Wind load 16.50KN 5.37 6.19
6 Water current force 0.90KN 3.87 0.24
128.67

Stress at up stream side


edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 115.81 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 128.67 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

b)Load Envelope-II:-(The Canal is full,back fill intact with no live load on span)

i)On top of RCC Raft footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-


KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.740 0.00

Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 718.94KN

Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -299.58KN

2 Net self weight 419.35KN 0.155 0.000

3 Vertical component of earth pressure 284.95KN 0.480 0.000

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the
KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.97

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00

3 Water current force 0.90KN x-Direction 4.47

4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 293.36KN y-Direction 1.71

5 Water pressure force 376.48KN y-Direction 1.23

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of bottom footing b = 6.25m


Depth of bottom footing d = 2.45m
Area of the footing = A = 15.3125 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 6.25 m3


about x-axis --Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.74 13.22
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 419.35KN 0.16 31.46
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.48 27.18
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 293.36KN 1.71 -80.31
5 Water pressure force 376.48KN 1.23 74.3
65.81

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe


KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.74 78.1
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 419.35KN -0.16 23.31
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN -0.48 10.03
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 293.36KN 1.71 80.31
5 Water pressure force 376.48KN 1.23 -74.3
117.49

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 65.82 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.


Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 117.49 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of bottom footing b = 2.45m


Depth of bottom footing d = 6.25m
Area of the footing = A = 15.3125 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 15.95 m3


about y-axis --Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at U/S Edge


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 45.66
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 419.35KN 0.00 27.39
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.00 18.61
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Wind load 16.50KN 5.97 -6.18
5 Water current force 0.90KN 4.47 -0.3
85.23

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge


KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 45.66
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 419.35KN 0.00 27.39
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.00 18.61
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 16.50KN 5.97 6.18
5 Water pressure force 0.90KN 4.47 0.3
98.09

Stress at up stream side


edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 85.23 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 98.09 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.
ii)On top of 2nd footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-


KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.74 0.00

Self wieght of abutment&footings 718.94KN

Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -299.58KN

2 Net self weight 419.35KN 0.155 0.000

3 Vertical component of earth pressure 284.95KN 0.480 0.000

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the


KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.67

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00

3 Water current force 0.90KN x-Direction 4.17

4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 293.36KN y-Direction 1.41

5 Water pressure force 376.48KN y-Direction 0.93

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of 2nd footing b = 6.25m


Depth of 2nd footing d = 2.30m
Area of the footing = A = 14.375 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 5.51 m3


about x-axis --Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)
Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)
1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.74 14.09
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 419.35KN 0.16 33.51
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.48 28.96
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 293.36KN 1.41 -75.16
5 Water pressure force 376.48KN 0.93 63.8
65.17

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe


KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.74 83.19
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 419.35KN -0.16 24.83
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN -0.48 10.69
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 293.36KN 1.41 75.16
5 Water pressure force 376.48KN 0.93 -63.8
130.1

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 65.17 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 130.1 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-

Breadth of 1st footing b = 2.30m


Depth of 1st footing d = 6.25m
Area of the footing = A = 14.375 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 14.97 m3


about y-axis --Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at U/S Edge


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 48.64
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 419.35KN 0.00 29.17
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.00 19.82
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Wind load 16.50KN 5.67 -6.25
5 Water current force 0.90KN 4.17 -0.3
91.13

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge


KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 48.64
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 419.35KN 0.00 29.17
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.00 19.82
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 16.50KN 5.67 6.25
5 Water pressure force 0.90KN 4.17 0.3
104.13

Stress at up stream side


edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 91.13 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 104.13 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

iii)On top of 1st footing

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-


KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.74 0.00

Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 614.00KN

Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -255.83KN

2 Net self weight 358.17KN 0.260 0.000

3 Vertical component of earth pressure 284.95KN 0.480 0.000

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the


KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.37

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00

3 Water current force 0.90KN x-Direction 3.87


4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 293.36KN y-Direction 1.11

5 Water pressure force 376.48KN y-Direction 0.63

Check for stresses:-

About x-axis:-

Breadth of 1st footing b = 6.25m


Depth of 1st footing d = 2.50m
Area of the footing = A = 15.625 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 6.51 m3


about x-axis --Zx =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN -0.74 12.96
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 358.17KN 0.26 28.64
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.48 26.64
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 293.36KN 1.11 -50.1
5 Water pressure force 376.48KN 0.63 36.6
54.76

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe


KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.74 76.54
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 358.17KN -0.26 17.2
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN -0.48 9.83
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 293.36KN 1.11 50.1
5 Water pressure force 376.48KN 0.63 -36.6
117.05

Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 54.76 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.

Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 117.05 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

About y-axis:-
Breadth of 1st footing b = 2.50m
Depth of 1st footing d = 6.25m
Area of the footing = A = 15.625 m2

Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 16.28 m3


about y-axis --Zy =

For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2

i.e, 5000KN/sqm

For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2

i.e, -2800KN/sqm

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at U/S Edge


KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 44.75
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 358.17KN 0.00 22.92
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.00 18.24
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Wind load 16.50KN 5.37 -5.44
5 Water current force 0.90KN 3.87 -0.2
80.26

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge


KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)


1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.00 44.75
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 358.17KN 0.00 22.92
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.00 18.24
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 16.50KN 5.37 5.44
5 Water pressure force 0.90KN 3.87 0.2
91.56

Stress at up stream side


edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 80.26 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.

Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 91.56 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm

Hence safe.

V)Check for stability of abutments:-

a)Load Envelope-III:-(The Canal is dry,back fill intact with live load on span)

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles


b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-


KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.82 0.00

2 Self wieght of abutments 515.06KN 0.310 0.000

3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 466.66KN 0.82 0.000

4 Vertical component of Active Earth pressure 284.95KN 0.480 0.00

1965.87KN

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the


KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.37

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 58.69KN y-Direction 5.37

3 Horizontal Active Earth pressure force 293.36KN y-Direction 1.11

368.54KN

Check for stability against over turning:-

Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,

Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings = 315.14Kn-m

Moment due to active earth pressure force = 326.14Kn-m

Total overturning moment = 641.28Kn-m

Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,,

Moment due to self weight of abutment = 726.23Kn-m

Moment due to live load reaction on abutment = 893.65Kn-m

Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment = 1338.96Kn-m

Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure = 450.23Kn-m

Total Restoring moment = 3409.07Kn-m

Factor of safety = 5.31601172 > 2.0 Hence safe


(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)

Check for stability against sliding:-

Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb = 1965.87KN

Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb = 368.54KN

Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces = 0.80

Factor of safety against sliding Fs = 4.26734705 > 1.5 Hence safe


(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)

b)Load Envelope-IV:-(The Canal is running upto HFL with no live load on span)

The following co-ordinates are assumed:-

a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles

b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-


KN axis(m) axis(m)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 699.20KN 0.82 0.00

Self wieght of abutments 515.06KN

Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -214.60KN

2 Net self wieght 300.46KN 0.310 0.000

3 Vertical component of Active Earth pressure 284.95 0.480 0.00

Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

S.No Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the


KN section considered).
(m)

1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 5.37

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00

3 Active Earth pressure force 293.36KN y-Direction 1.11

4 Force due to water pressure 376.48KN y-Direction 0.63

Check for stability against over turning:-

Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,

Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings = 0.00Kn-m

Moment due to active earth pressure force = 326.14Kn-m


Total overturning moment = 326.14Kn-m

Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,

Moment due to self weight of abutment = 423.65Kn-m

Moment due to water pressure force on the abutment = 238.43Kn-m

Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment = 1338.96Kn-m

Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure = 450.23Kn-m

Total Restoring moment = 2451.27Kn-m

Factor of safety = 7.51593077 > 2.0 Hence safe


(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)

Check for stability against sliding:-

Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb = 961.89KN

Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb = 293.36KN

Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces = 0.80

Factor of safety against sliding Fs = 2.62312913 > 1.5 Hence safe


(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)
DESIGN OF RAFT FOR THE SLAB CULVERT

Name of the work:-Slab culvert on Nathalova Drain at Saripalli village

Abutment
Abutment

Length of the Raft:- = 15.00m

Width of the Raft:- = 6.85m

Total load on the Raft:-

Dead Load:-

Wt.of Deck slab = 1166.63Kn

Wt.of wearing coat = 110.76Kn

Wt.of bed blocks over abutments = 121.00Kn

Wt.of abutments

Footing-I = 198.00Kn
Footing-II = 209.88Kn
Wt.of abutments = 1030.12Kn

Total 2836.39Kn

Dead load stress = 27.60Kn/Sqm

Live Load:-

Taking IRC Class-A loading

Wheel width in the direction of movement =0.2+0.2+0.25/2 = 0.625m

11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8


1.2 4.3 3.0 3.000 2.875
0.625

15.00m
Centre of gravity of loading from 1st 11.4t load =

= 4.33m

Centre of gravity from the end of raft = 4.955m

Eccentricity = 2.545m

Stress due to live load = 1xP(1+6e/b)


(Taking single lanes) A

Max.stress = 13.31Kn/Sqm

Min.stress = -4.27Kn/Sqm

Total stress due to dead load and live load

Max.Stress = 40.91Kn/Sqm

Min.Stress = 23.33Kn/Sqm

Assuming the depth of raft as 70cm

Stress due to self weight of raft = 17.50Kn/Sqm

Stress due to wieght of base concrete = 7.20Kn/Sqm

Hence,the Max.stress on the soil = 65.61Kn/Sqm

Which is less than 8t/sqm(Soil testing report)

Hence safe.

Net Max.upward pressure acting on Raft = 40.91Kn/Sqm

Net Min.upward pressure acting on Raft = 23.33Kn/Sqm

The design stress = 32.12Kn/Sqm

Hence,the UDL on the raft = 32.12Kn/m

Design of Raft:-

The raft will be analysed as a continuous beam of 1m width with the loading
as shown below:-

1.475 11.85 1.475


UDL of 32.12Kn/m

After analysis the bending moment diagram is as given below:

822

189

Max.Negative bending moment Mu = 822.00KNm

Max.Positive bending moment Mu = 189.00KNm

Effective depth required d = Mu/0.138fckb = 488.12mm

Over all depth provided = 700.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d = 637.50mm

Top steel:-

Mu/bd2 = 2.023

From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.627

Area of steel required = 3997.13sqmm

Bottom steel:-

Mu/bd2 = 0.465

From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required/Minimum steel = 0.133

Area of steel required = 847.88sqmm

Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 100mm c/c spacing at bottom
and provide 25mm bars at 120mm c/c at top

Hence Ast provided at top = 4088.54sqmm

Hence Ast provided at bottom = 1130.40sqmm

Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.12% both at top and bottom

Area = 840.00sqmm
Adopting 12mm dia bars,the spacing required is = 134.57mm

Hence provide 12mm dia bars @ 125mm c/c spacing at top& bottom as distribution steel
Effective depth = 300-50-6 = 0.244m

Clear span between abutments = 3.00-2x(0.125+2x(0.15)) = 2.150m

Effective span = 2.15+0.244/2 = 2.27m

For continuous slab,clear span will be the effective span,effective span =

The raft is proposed to be designed for the Max.stress of 5.47t/sqm

Assuming 1m width of raft,the UDL on the raft is 65.610t/Sqm

The raft is treated as simply supported beam with over hangs

Hence,the Max.positive moment = wl2/8 = 42.33t-m

Max.Negative moment for over hangs = wl12/2 = 2.95t-m

Max.negative moment = 2.950t-m

Max.positive moment = 42.330t-m


Hence,the design moment = 42.330t-m

Depth required = 3.53x105 74.144471


7.7x100

Hence provide overall depth of 30cm,the effective depth available is

300-50-6 = 24.4

Area of steel required = 3.53x105 94.70sqcm


at centre 2000x0.916x24.4

Spacing of 12mm dia bars required = 1.13x100/7.9 = 14.303797468

However provide 12mm bars at 125mm c/c at centre

Area of steel required = 0.25x105 6.60sqcm


for over hangs 2000x0.916x24.4

Spacing of 12mm dia bars required = 1.13x100/0.56 = 201.78571429

However provide 12mm bars at 250mm c/c

Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.12% both at top and bottom

Area = 3.60sqcm

Adopting 10mm dia bars,the spacing required is = 0.785x100/3.6 = 21.805556

Hence provide 10mm dia bars @ 175mm c/c spacing

The details of Reinforcement is as shown below:-

12mm bars@ 125 c/c(Curtail 50% of cranks at the centre of abutment

3.00m

12mm bars@250mm c/c


2.27m
1.1304

1.1304

0.785

12mm bars@250mm c/c


DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Data:-

Height of Retaining wall(h) =


Height of wall above G.L=
Height of wall below G.L=
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion(y) =
Grade of concrete =
Grade of steel =
Ground water Table level =
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) =
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees)
(in clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) =
Angle of wall friction (q) =
Undrained Cohesion ( c) =
Safe bearing capacity(SBC) =
Surcharge over the back fill(s) =
(Assumed)
Characteristic compressive strength =
Tensile strength of steel =
Unit weight of RCC =
Unit weight of PCC =

Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory

Ka = Sin(a+Q)
sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

Sin(a+Q) = SIN[3.14*(85.58+30)/180] = 0.88


Sin(a-q) = SIN[3.14*(85.58-15)/180] = 0.943
Sina = SIN[3.14*(85.58)/180] = 0.997
Sin(Q+q) = SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] = 0.707
Sin(Q-b) = SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] = 0.5
Sin(a+b) = SIN[3.14*(85.58+0)/180] = 0.997

From the above expression,

Ka = 0.33

Dimensions of the Cantilever wall(Assumed for preliminary design):-

Thickness of base slab =


Width of the heel slab =
Thickness of stem at bottom =
Thickness of stem at top =
Length of the toe =

5.13m

F G

C
1.20m 3.20m

Earth pressure at top including surcharge = K ays =

Earth pressure at bottom including surcharge = K ay(s+h) =

Pressure distribution is as shown below:-

356.4

5.13m

3400.7 356.4

Area of the rectangular portion = 1826.55


Area of the triangular portion = 8714.17
10540.72

Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

S.No Description Area Lever arm Moment

1 Rectangular 1826.55 2.5625 4680.53


2 Triangular 8714.17 1.7083333333 14886.7

10540.72 19567.2

Height from the bottom of the wall = 1.86m

The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:-


0.15

18.86
5.125m

1.86m

86.14
0.50m
0.13
Total earth pressure acting on the wall per 1m length P = 10540.72Kg

Horizontal component of the earth pressure P h =

Vertical component of the earth pressure P v =

Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure =

Total earth pressure =

It acts at a hieght of
from the base

Stability calculations:-
Load(Kg)

Weight of the rectangular portion of stem = 1921.88Kg

Weight of the rectangular portion of stem = 2242.19Kg

Wieght of base slab = 5500.00Kg

Wieght of soil on heel including surcharge = 29626.88Kg

Vertical component of earth pressure = 3405.70Kg

42696.65Kg

Note:-Weight of soil on the toe is neglected on the assumption that,it is scoured.

Horizontal earth pressure force = 9975.37


Lever arm x = M= 2.03m
V

Eccentricuty e = b/2-x = 0.17m <b/6 Hence there is no uplift

Maximum stress = P/A(1+6e/b) = 11953.3 < SBC

Minimum stress = P/A(1-6e/b) = 7454.27

Coefficient of friction between soil and footing u = 0.5

Factor of safety against sliding =(uFxW)/Ph = 2.14 >1.5 Hence,the structure is safe

Moment of overturning force,ie,Horizontal component of earth pressure about toe 'C' =

Moment of restoring forces about toe 'C' =

Factor of safety against overturning = 5.69 >2.0 Hence safe.

Design of heel:-

Length of heel = 2.70m

Downward load intensity due to self weight of base slab = 5500.00Kg/m

Downward load intensity due to soil including surcharge = 29626.88Kg/m

TOTAL 35126.88Kg/m

The upward pressure distribution below the base slab is as given below:-

F G
7454.27Kg/sqm

11953.3

1.20m 0.50m 2.70m

The upward pressure intensity at point 'F' is = 10726.29Kg/sqm


The upward pressure intensity at point 'G' is = 10215.04Kg/sqm

Total upward pressure force on heel portion due to soil reaction = 23853.57Kg/m

The distance of centroid of upward soil reaction from 'G' is = 1.28m

The distance of centroid of downward load intensity from 'G' is = 1.35m

Resultant moment = 16896.14Kg-m/m

Factored bending moment Mu = 25344.21Kgm

Effective depth required d = Mu/0.138fckb = 271.04mm

Over all depth provided = 500.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d = 442.00mm

Mu/bd2 = 1.297

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.231

Area of steel required = 1021.02sqmm

Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 150mm c/c spacing

Hence Ast provided = 753.60sqmm

Check for shear:-

The critical section for beam shear is at distance of 'd' from the face of the support

Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd = 169.10KN


at a distance 'd' from the face of the support

Nominal shear stress Tv = 0.38N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm


(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

Assumed percentage area of the steel reinforcement = 0.17%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.39

0.39>0.28

Hence,the depth provided is safe from beam shear point of view


Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.15%

Area required = 750.00sqmm

Taking 10mm dia HYSD bars,the spacing comes to 104.76mm

Hence provide 10mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c

Design of wall or stem:-

Factored bending moment Mu = 27776.64Kgm

Effective depth required d = Mu/0.138fckb = 283.75mm

Over all depth provided = 300.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d = 242.00mm

Mu/bd2 = 4.743

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.41

Area of steel required = 992.20sqmm

Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 100mm c/c spacing

Hence Ast provided = 1130.40sqmm

Check for shear:-

The critical section for beam shear is at distance of 'd' from the face of the support

Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd = 149.63KN


at a distance 'd' from the face of the support

Nominal shear stress Tv = 0.62N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm


(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view


Assumed percentage area of the steel reinforcement = 0.47%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.474

0.474>0.24

Hence,the depth provided is safe from beam shear point of view

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.15%

Area required = 487.50sqmm

Provide 1/3rd of above reinforcement on earthen side = 162.50sqmm

Provide 8mm dia @ 200mm c/c on earthen side

Provide 2/3rd of above reinforcement on other side = 325.00sqmm

Provide 8mm dia @ 150mm c/c on other side

Provide 10mm bars at 300mm c/c vertically on the outer face to support horizontal rods

Design of Toe:-

Length of toe = 1.20m

Downward load intensity due to self weight = 5500.00Kg/m


Downward load intensity due to soil including surcharge = 0.00Kg/m

TOTAL 5500.00Kg/m

The upward pressure distribution below the base slab is as given below:-

F G
7454.27Kg/sqm

11953.3

1.20m 0.50m 2.70m

The upward pressure intensity at point 'F' is = 10726.29Kg/sqm


The upward pressure intensity at end of toe is = 11953.30Kg/sqm

Total upward pressure force on heel portion due to soil reaction = 13607.75Kg/m

The distance of centroid of upward soil reaction from 'F' is = 0.61m

The distance of centroid of downward load intensity from 'G' is = 0.60m

Resultant moment = 5011.89Kg-m/m

Factored bending moment Mu = 7517.84Kgm

Effective depth required d = Mu/0.138fckb = 147.62mm

Over all depth provided = 300.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d = 242.00mm

Mu/bd2 = 1.284

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.142

Min.percentage of steel as per IS 456 = 0.15

Area of steel required = 363.00sqmm

Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 200mm c/c spacing

Hence Ast provided = 565.20sqmm

Check for shear:-

The critical section for beam shear is at distance of 'd' from the face of the support

Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd = 121.62KN


at a distance 'd' from the face of the support

Nominal shear stress Tv = 0.50N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm


(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

Assumed percentage area of the steel reinforcement = 0.23%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.402

0.402>0.24

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.15%

Area required = 750.00sqmm

Taking 10mm dia HYSD bars,the spacing comes to 104.76mm

Hence,provide 10mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c


NG WALL

5.13m
5.13m
0.00m
1800Kg/Cum
M25
Fe415

30
86.14

0
15
1600Kg/sqm
7500Kg/sqm
0.60m

25N/sqmm
415N/sqmm
2500Kg/Cum
2400Kg/Cum

0.50m
3.20m
0.50m
0.15m
1.20m

356.4Kg/sqm

3400.7Kg/sqm
9975.37Kg

3405.70Kg

0.12m

10540.7Kg/m

1.86m

Lever arm about C Moment(Kg-m)

1.28 2450.40

1.47 3288.55

2.200 12100.00

2.80 82955.26

1.33 4529.57

105323.78

1.86m -18517.76
86806.02

here is no uplift

Hence safe

nce,the structure is safe

18517.76Kgm

105323.78Kgm
167.4666666667

334.9333333333

o support horizontal rods 287.0857142857


DESIGN OF PROTECTION WALL(WING WALL)

Data:-

Total height of Retaining wall =


Height of tappered wall portion=
Height of wall above G.L=
Height of wall below G.L=
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion =
Grade of concrete =
Top width =
Bottom width assumed =
Width of 1st step =
Thickness of 1st step =
Width of 2nd step =
Thickness of 2nd step =
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) =
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees)
(in clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) =
Angle of wall friction (q) =
Surcharge over the back fill in terms of height of back fill =
Safe bearing capacity =

Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory

Ka = Sin(a+Q)
sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

From the above expression,

Ka = 0.7

Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall Pa =

The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:-

Surcharge load = 693

693

5.165m

5965.58

Total earth pressure = 18985.45535


Height from the bottom of the wall = 1.88m

The active earth pressure acts on the wall as shown below:-

0.45

G.L

50.4

1.75m
5.2
54.6
3.20m
0.60m 3.80m
0.70m 4.40m C

Horizontal component of the earth pressure P h =

Vertical component of the earth pressure P v =

Stability calculations:-

CASE:I(Earth on toe side is scoured):-

Load(Kg)

Weight of rectangular portion of the wall = 4174.20Kg


Weight of triangular portion of the wall = 12754.50Kg
Weight of step-I = 5472.00Kg
Weight of step-II = 7392.00Kg
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-I Triangular) = 8768.72Kg
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-II Rectangular) = 1913.18Kg
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-III Rectangular) = 2259.68Kg
Vertical component of Active earth pressure= 14623.15Kg
57357.42Kg

Horizontal active earth pressure force = 12108.31

Lever arm x = M= 2.20m


V

Eccentricuty e = b/2-x = 0.00m <b/6 Hence there is no uplift

Maximum stress = P/A(1+6e/b) = 13035.78 < 1.5xSBC Hence safe

Minimum stress = P/A(1-6e/b) = 13035.78


Coefficient of friction between soil and footing u = 0.5

Factor of safety against sliding =(uFx0.9W)/Ph = 2.13 >1.4 Hence safe

Factor of safety against overturning = 6.52 >1.5 Hence safe.

Note:-From the factors of safety and also from the Max.&Min.stresses,it can be inferred that,though the section is safe
it is very uneconomical.

CASE:II(Earth on toe side is not scoured):-

Load(Kg)

Weight of rectangular portion of the wall = 4174.20Kg


Weight of triangular portion of the wall = 12754.50Kg
Weight of step-I = 5472.00Kg
Weight of step-II = 7392.00Kg
Weight of the earth on toe(Part-I) = 222.75Kg
Weight of the earth on toe(Part-II) = 519.75Kg
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-I Triangular) = 8768.72Kg
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-II Rectangular) = 1913.18Kg
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-III Rectangular) = 2259.68Kg
Vertical component of Active earth pressure= 14623.15Kg
58099.92Kg

Coefficient of Passive Earth pressure = Kp = 1/Ka = 1.43

The distribution of passive earth pressure on toe side is as shown below:-

Location&Line of action of resultant

1.75m

4129.125

Total Passive Earth pressure force = 3612.98Kg


Height from the bottom of the wall = 0.58m

Load(Kg)

Horizontal passive earth pressure force = 3612.98


Horizontal active earth pressure force = 12108.31
Lever arm x = M= 2.21m
V

Eccentricuty e = b/2-x = 0.01m <b/6 Hence there is no uplift

Maximum stress = P/A(1+6e/b) = 13384.59 < SBC Hence safe

Minimum stress = P/A(1-6e/b) = 13024.46

Coefficient of friction between soil and footing u = 0.5

Factor of safety against sliding =(uFx0.9W)/Ph = 2.16 >1.4 Hence safe

Factor of safety against overturning = 6.53 >1.5 Hence safe.

Note:-From the factors of safety and also from the Max.&Min.stresses,it can be inferred that,though the section is safe
it is very uneconomical.
Total Active earth pressure = 18985.46
Moment of the centroid of the above force about the base of the stem of the
retaining wall =
35767.85 Kg-m

Design of Cantilever Wall:-

Adopting working stress method of design,

Effective depth required = 63.13cm

The over all depth provided = 37.50cm

Effective depth(Assuming 50mm cover and 12mm dia bars) = 31.90cm

Ast required = 53.81sqcm

Hence,the reinforcement provided is safe

Distribution steel of 0.15% is to be provided

Area of distribution steel = 5.63sqcm

The area of distribution steel provided on both the faces is safe

Design of beam:-

Moment of the centroid of the earth pressure force about the bottom of the
beam =

41463.48 Kg-m

Load coming on beam:-

Weight of wall w1 = 3712.34Kg


Weight of earth w2= 813.49Kg
Self weight of beam w3= 281.25Kg
4807.08Kg

Design for flexure:-

Maximum B.M = wl2/10 = 1922.83kgm

Equivalent bending moment due to twisting

MT = 43902.51 Kg-m

Total Bending moment = 45825.34kgm

Effective depth required = 71.46cm

The over all depth provided = 30.00cm


Effective depth(Assuming 50mm cover and 12mm dia bars) = 24.40cm

Ast required = 90.13sqcm

Hence,provide 2-12mm dia bars at top and bottom and provide 3-12mm dia
bars to be cranked at pile locations and stirrups at 200mm c/c spacing

Design of piles:-

To be modified as per above values

Check for safety against sliding:-

Sliding force:-

Force due to active earth pressure on wall = 37970.92 Kg


Force due to active earth pressure on beam = 1316.7 Kg
Force due to active earth pressure on pile = 3573.2813 Kg
Total sliding force = 42860.901 Kg

Resisting force:-

Kp = 1/Ka = 1.43

Lateral passive earth pressure at the top of beam = 707.85


Lateral passive earth pressure at the top of pile&bottom of beam = 1415.7
Lateral passive earth pressure at the bottom of pile = 7314.45

Lateral resistance of beam = 637.065 Kg


Lateral resistance of pile = 4092.2578125 Kg
4729.3228125 Kg

Factor of safety against sliding = 0.1103411892 > 1.5. Hence safe

Check for safety against overturning:-

Overturning moment about bottom of pile :-

Due to active earth pressure on wall = 177854.24 Kg-m


Due to active earth pressure on beam = 3484.06 Kg-m
Due to active earth pressure on pile = 3902.6367 Kg-m
Total 185240.94 Kg-m

Restoring moment about bottom of pile :-

Due to passive earth pressure on wall = 615.8295 Kg-m


Due to passive earth pressure on beam = 1677.6045 Kg-m
Due to passive earth pressure on pile = 3963.2227 Kg-m
Total 6256.6567 Kg-m

Factor of safety against overturning = 0.03 > 1.2 Hence O.K


ING WALL)

5.165m
3.865m
3.415m
1.75m
1650Kg/Cum
M15
0.45m
3.20m
3.80m
0.60m
4.40m
0.70m
30
54.6

0
15
0.60m
8000.0Kg/Sqm

Q+q)sin(Q-b)

5965.58Kg/sqm
12108.31Kg/sqm

14623.15Kg/sqm

Lever arm about C Moment(Kg-m)

0.83 3443.72
1.97 25083.85
2.20 12038.40
2.20 16262.40
2.88 25283.14
3.95 7557.04
4.25 9603.62
3.38 49493.15
148765.32

1.88m -22811.57
125953.75

here is no uplift
inferred that,though the section is safe

Lever arm about C Moment(Kg-m)

0.83 3443.72
1.97 25083.85
2.20 12038.40
2.20 16262.40
0.450 100.24
0.150 77.96
2.88 25283.14
3.95 7557.04
4.25 9603.62
3.38 49493.15
148943.52

f action of resultant

Lever arm about C Moment(Kg-m)

0.58m 2107.57
1.88m -22811.57
128239.52
here is no uplift

inferred that,though the section is safe


Kg/sqm
Kg/sqm
Kg/sqm
DESIGN OF FLY WINGS

Data:-

Height of Fly wing wall =


Height of wall above G.L=
Height of wall below G.L=
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion =
Grade of concrete =
Grade of steel =
Ground water Table level =
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) =
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees)
(in clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) =
Angle of wall friction (q) =
Surcharge over the back fill in terms of height of back fill =
Undrained Cohesion ( c) =
Permissible compressive stress in bending for M20 Concrete (c)=
Permissible tensile stress in bending for Fe 415 steel (t)=
Length of the wing wall proposed =

Dimensions of the Fly wing(Assumed for preliminary design):-

Thickness of wing at support =


Thickness of wing at end =

Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory

Ka = Sin(a+Q)
sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

From the above expression,

Ka = 0.3

Hence,maximum pressure at the bottom of the wall Pa =

The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:-

Pressure due to
Surcharge load = 324

324

3.865m
2087.10

Total Active earth pressure force = 5285.58

Height from the bottom of the wall = 1.44m

The active earth pressure acts on the wall as shown below:-

0.50

15

1.44m
3.865
90
0.50

Horizontal component of the earth pressure P h =

Vertical component of the earth pressure P v =

Design of wall :-

Factored bending moment Mu = 23932.78Kgm

Effective depth required d = Mu/0.138fckb = 263.38mm

Over all depth provided = 500.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d = 452.00mm

Mu/bd2 = 1.171

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.346

Area of steel required = 1563.92sqmm

Hence provide 16mm dia HYSD bars@ 125mm c/c spacing

Hence Ast provided = 1607.68sqmm

Check for shear:-

Percentage of tension steel = 0.36


Maximum shear force on the member = 127.64KN

Factored Design shear force = 191.46KN

Nominal shear stress tv =Vu/bd = 0.42 N/sqmm

Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.42 N/sqmm > 0.42

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.12%

Area required = 420.00sqmm

Provide 10mm dia @ 150mm c/c on earthen side

Provide 10mm dia @ 150mm c/c on other side in both directions

The reinforcement detailing is shown in the drawing

Check for serviceability:-

For cantilever walls,the span to effective depth ratio is 7

From Fig.4 of IS:456-2000, f s = 0.58fy x Area of cross-section of steel required


Area of cross-section of steel provided

The stress level is 234.15N/sqmm

For percentage of tension steel provided is 0.36

The modification factor for ratio of span to effective depth is 1.5

Hence,the ratio is 10.5

The effective depth required = 0.24 <0.452 (Actually provided)


3.865m
3.865m
0.00m
1800Kg/Cum
M25
Fe415

30
90

0
15
0.60m

25N/sqmm
415N/sqmm
2.50m

0.50m
0.20m

n(Q+q)sin(Q-b)

2087.10Kg/sqm
5105.66Kg/m

1367.33Kg/m
<2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table
20 of 1S 456)

eel required
eel provided

ally provided)
Hydraulic design

Hydraulic Particulars:-

1.Full supply Level 2.200

2.Ordinary Flood level

3.Lowest Bed level 0.250

4.Average bed slope 0.000067


(1 in 15000)

5.Rugosity Coefficient(n) 0.025


(As per table 5 of IRC:SP 13)

6.Vertical clearence proposed 0.600


(As per clause 15.5 of IRC:SP 13&as per profile)

6.Bottom of deck proposed 2.800


(MFL+Vertical clearence)

7.Road Crest level 3.665


(Bottom of deck level+thickness of deck slab)

8.Width of carriage way 5.500

Discharge Calculations:-

1)From the data furnished by the Irrigation Department:-

Design discharge = 6.690Cumecs

2)Area Velocity method:-

Depth of flow w.r.t HFL = 1.950m

Bed width = 4.50m

Assuming side slopes 1:1.5 in clayey soils,top width at HFL = 7.425m

Wetted Area = 11.63sqm

Wetted perimetre = 10.02m

Hydraulic Radius R= Total area/Wetted perimeter = 1.16

Velocity V = 1/nX(R2/3XS1/2) 0.36m/sec

Discharge Q = AXV 4.19Cumecs

Design Discharge = 6.690Cumecs

Design Velocity = 0.337m/sec


Ventway Calculations(H.F.L Condition):-

Assuming the stream to be truly alluvial,the regime width is equal to linear waterway required for the drain.
Hence,as per Lacey's silt theory,the regime width W = 4.8Q 1/2 = 4.8*6.690.5 = 12.42m

The actual top width is much less than the above regime width.Hence,the stream is quasi-alluvial in nature.
As per IRC:SP--13,the ventway calculations for quasi-alluvial streams are as given below:-

Assuming afflux = x = 0.15m


Width of channel at H.F.L(b+h) = 7.43m
Clear span = 10.00m
Effective linear water way = 10.00m
Depth of flow = di = 1.95m

Head due to velocity of approach = (Vmax2/2g)X[di/(di+x)]2 0.005m

Combined head due to Velocity of approach and hi = 0.155m


afflux

Velocity through vents Vv = 0.90X(2ghi)1/2 = 1.57m/sec

Linear water way required LWW = Qd/(VvXdi) = 2.19m

No.of vents required = LWW /LC = 0.219


Say---1 Vent

In alluvial streams,the actual width of the stream should not be reduced,as it results in enhanced scour
depth and expensive training works.

Hence No.of vents required as per the width of the stream at H.F.L= 0.7425

No.of vents to be provided 1Nos

No.of piers = 0Nos

Scour Depth Calculations:-

As per the clause 101.1.2 of IRC:5--1985,the design discharge should be increased by 30% to ensure adequate
margin of safety for foundations and protection works

Hence,the discharge for design of foundations = 1.30XDesign Discharge =

Lacey's Silt factor ' f ' = 1.76Xm1/2(For normal silt) =

Discharge per metre width of foundations = q =

Normal scour depth D = 1.34(q2/f)1/3 =


Maximum scour depth Dm = 1.5XD =

Depth of foundation = Dm + Max.of 1.2m or 1/3 Dm =

Bottom level of foundation =

Depth of foundation below low bed level =

The Minimum Safe Bearing capacity of the soil is considered as 80 KN/m2 at a depth of 1.75m below LBL

Hence open foundation in the form of raft is proposed at a depth of 1.75m below LBL,ie,at a level of

Cut-off walls and aprons are not required from scour depth point of view
uvial in nature.

ced scour

o ensure adequate

8.90Cumecs

1.00

0.89

1.24m
1.86m

3.06m

-0.86m

1.110m

-1.500m

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