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Multilevel Inverter
SUBHRAJEET DAS, M. Tech (PECD, EE)
Abstract- This paper proposes comparison between and automotive applications), energy conversion,
Asymmetrical Cascaded 7 level and 9 level Multilevel manufacturing, mining, and petrochemical. Many of
Inverter (MLI) using multicarrier based Level shift these processes have been continuously raising their
Pulse Width Modulation Technique (LSPWM). This demand of power to reach higher production rates, cost
control scheme is applied to 7 level and 9 level reduction (large-scale economy), and efficiency.
Asymmetrical Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI).
Different topologies of multilevel inverter have been Although the IGBT has features of high power and high
reported in the literature, but this work mainly voltage, incapable of being operated at high frequency
focuses on the asymmetrical cascaded multilevel and the complicated design of gate driver are the major
inverter circuit with reduced number of input DC disadvantages of the IGBT. By contrast, the MOSFET is
sources. Here PWM switching techniques for more appropriate to be operated at high frequency, but
Asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverters is Phase power rating is not as good as the IGBT. In view of these,
disposition (IPD) .THD and motor output are many different multilevel topologies are designed to
analyzed in FFT window. The results are observed solve the problem with using low rating components in
by MATLAB/SIMULINK software. high power application The power electronics research
community and industry have reacted to this demand in
keywords- Asymmetrical CMLI, LSPWM, THD, two different ways: developing semiconductor
MOSFET, IGBT,IPD,POD,APOD . technology to reach higher nominal voltages and
currents (currently 8 kV and 6 kA) and by developing
INTRODUCTION new converter topologies, with traditional
Now a days renewable energy resources have been the semiconductor technology, known as multilevel
focus for researchers and different families of power inverters.
inverters have been designed to make the integration of
these types of systems into the distribution grid a Multilevel inverter has become popular to fulfill power
current reality. Besides, in the transmission lines, high- requirement due to advantage of high power quality
power electronic systems are needed to assure the waveforms, low electromagnetic compatibility. Inverter
power distribution and the energy quality. Therefore, is a device that converts electrical power from DC to AC
power electronic inverters have the responsibility to form using electronic circuits. Generally simple inverter
carry out these tasks with high efficiency. The increase gives 2 or 3 level output voltage .Multilevel inverter
of the world energy demand has entailed the appearance gives 3 or more output voltage levels. It produces a
of new power converter topologies and new stepped output voltage with reduced harmonic
semiconductor technology capable to drive all needed distortion when compared to a 2 level inverter.
power. A continuous race to develop higher-voltage and Multilevel inverter are basically 3 types
higher-current power semiconductors to drive high-
power systems still goes on. However, at present there is i. Diode clamped inverter
tough competition between the use of classic power ii. Flying capacitor inverter
converter topologies using high-voltage semiconductors iii. Cascaded inverter
and new converter topologies using medium-voltage
devices. Power inverters are an amazing technology for The most commonly efficient inverter is cascaded
industrial practice powered by electric drive systems. multilevel inverter. It provides higher output voltage and
They are potentially helpful for a wide range of power levels. It is one of the methods used for drive
applications: transport (train traction, ship propulsion, application which meet the requirements such as high
power rating with reduced THD and switching losses.
The Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter increases the
number of levels in the output and reduces the number
of input DC sources required. IGBT is used as
semiconductor switch for designing the inverter circuit.
It has the high power rating, less conduction loss and
less switching loss. DC sources are basically two types
which are Asymmetrical DC source and symmetrical DC
source. Asymmetric DC source has unequal magnitude of
voltage whereas symmetric DC source has equal
magnitude of voltage. Asymmetrical cascaded MLI has
less number of DC source voltage and switches as
compared to symmetrical cascaded MLI. The advantage
of an asymmetric cascaded has an increased number of
voltage levels for a given module counts. The
comparison between asymmetrical cascaded 9 level MLI
and 7 level MLI were done and based on the results
obtained the most effective MLI is adopted that gives the
reduced THD output and better performance.
PWM TECHNIQUES
The fundamental methods of pulse-width modulation
(PWM) are divided into the traditional voltage-source
and current-regulated methods. Voltage-source methods
more easily lend themselves to digital signal processor
(DSP) or programmable logic device (PLD)
implementation. However, current controls typically
Switching pattern for asymmetrical cascaded nine depend on event scheduling and are therefore analog
level inverter implementations which can only be reliably operated up
to a certain power level. In discrete current-regulated
MODULATION TECHINQUE methods the harmonic performance is not as good as
that of voltage-source methods. A sample PWM method
Mainly the power electronic converters are operated in
is described below.
the switched mode. Which means the switches within
the converter are always in either one of the two states -
turned off (no current flows), or turned on (saturated
with only a small voltage drop across the switch). Any
operation in the linear region, other than for the
unavoidable transition from conducting to non-
conducting, incurs an undesirable loss of efficiency and
an unbearable rise in switch power dissipation. To
control the flow of power in the converter, the switches
alternate between these two states (i.e. on and off). This
happens rapidly enough that the inductors and
capacitors at the input and output nodes of the converter
average or filter the switched signal. The switched
component is attenuated and the desired DC or low
frequency AC component is retained. This process is
called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), since the desired PWM switching technique
average value is controlled by modulating the width of
the pulses. Inverter output voltage, VAO= Vdc/2, When Vcontrol > Vtri,
For maximum attenuation of the switching component, and VAO= -Vdc/2, When Vcontrol < Vtri.
the switch frequency fC should be high- many times the
frequency of the desired fundamental AC component f 1 PWM frequency is the same as the frequency of Vtri .
seen at the input or output terminals. In large Amplitude is controlled by the peak value of Vtri and
converters, this is in conflict with an upper limit placed Fundamental frequency is controlled by the frequency of
on switch frequency by switching losses. For GTO Vcontrol .
converters, the ratio of switch frequency to fundamental
frequency fC/f1 (= N, the pulse number) may be as low as
unity, which is known as square wave switching.
The modulation index is defined as the ration of control
signal to the reference signal. It is also defined as the
ratio of switching frequency to the reference signal
frequency.
Ma = (1)
Mf = .(2)
Then the output voltage can be written as
VO = Ma * Vin ..(3)
REFERENCES