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JOB NO.

DATE 18-Jul-2011
CUSTOMER DESIGNED BY
DESCRIPTION CHECKED BY

DESIGN OF CRANE BEAM

DESIGN A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM TO CARRY AN ELECTRIC OVERHEAD CRANE.


THE DESIGN DATA ARE AS FOLLOWS

CRANE CAPACITY = 30 KN
SPAN BETWEEN CRANE RAILS = 18 M
WEIGHT OF CRANE = 30 KN
WEIGHT OF CRAB = 10 KN
MINIMUM HOOK APPROACH = 0.5 M
END CARRIAGE WHEELCENTRES = 2.5 M
SPAN OFCRANE GIRDER = 15 M
SELF WEIGHT OF CRANE GIRDER = 25 KN 2520
GRADE OF STEEL = S275
250 N/mm2
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF STEEL Es = 205000 N/mm2
SIZE OF WELD = 6 mm
TYPE OF CRANE RAIL =
DIAMETER OD CRANE WHEEL = 200 mm

(1) MAXIMUM WHEEL LOADS, MOMENTS AND SHEAR

THE CRANE LOADS ARE SHOWN IN FIG.(a).


THE MAXI. STATIC WHEEL LOADS @ A;

= 30/4+((30+10)x17.5)/18x2

= 26.95 KN

THE VERTICAL WHEEL LOAD, INCLUDING IMPACT

(THE MAXI.STATIC WHEEL LOADS SHALL BE INCREASED BY 25% FOR E.O.C.)

= 1.25 x26.95

= 33.69 KN

THE HORI. SURGE LOAD TRANSMITTED BY FRICTION


TO THE RAILTHROUGH FOUR WHEELS:

(THE HORI. FORCE ACTING TRANSVERSE TO THE RAILS SHALL BE TAKEN


AS 10% OF THE COMBINED WT. OF THE CRAB AND THE LOAD LIFTED)

= 10%(30+10)/4

= 1 KN

LOAD FACTORS:
(REFER BS5950-2000; TABLE 2 PARTIALFACTORS FOR LOADS)

DEAD LOAD - SELF WEIGHT f = 1.4

VERT.& HORI. CRANE LOADS CONSIDERED SEPERATELY

f = 1.6

VERT.& HORI. CRANE LOADS ACTING TOGETHER

f = 1.4

THE CRANE LOADS IN A POSITION TO GIVE MAXI. VERT & HORI MOMENTS & MAXI VERT SHEAR.FIG.(b)

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JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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10 KN
A B

26.95 kN/wheel 30
0.5 17.5
18

CRANE GIRDER CENTRES


FIG.( a ) CRANE LOADS

33.69 CG 33.69
Loads
C SELF WT.= 25
A B
0.63 0.63
5.63 2.5 6.88
15
FIG.(b) VERTICAL LOADS - MAXIMUM MOMENT

1 1

A C B

FIG.(c) HORIZONTAL LOADS - MAXIMUM MOMENTS

33.69 33.69
SELF WT.= 25
A B
2.5 12.5

FIG.(d) LOADS CAUSING MAXI. VERTICAL SHEAR

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JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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THE MAXI VERT MOMENTS DUE TO DEAD LOAD & CRANE LOADS ARE CALCULATED SEPERATELY:

DEAD LOAD;

RB = 25 kN / 2

RB = 12.5 KN

Mc = (12.5 x 6.875) - (25 x 6.875 x 6.875 / (15 x 2))

Mc = 46.55 KN m.

CRANE LOAD,INCLUDING IMPACT

RB = 33.69(5.625 + 0.625 + 2.5) / 15

RB = 30.89 KN

Mc = 30.89 x 6.875

Mc = 212.37 KN m.

CRANE LOAD WITH NO IMPACT

Mc = 212.37 x 26.95 / 33.69

Mc = 169.89 KN m.

THE MAXI HORI MOMENT DUE TO CRANE SURGE;

RB = 1(5.625 + 5.625 + 2.5) / 15

RB = 0.92 KN

Mc = 0.92 x 6.875

Mc = 6.33 KN m.

THE MAXI VERTICAL SHEAR;

DEAD LOAD RA = 12.5 KN

CRANE LOADS, INCLUDING IMPACT

RA = 33.69 + 33.69 x 12.5/15

RA = 61.77 KN

THE LOAD FACTORS ARE INTRODUCED TO CALCULATE THE DESIGN MOMENTS & SHEAR FOR
THE VARIOUS LOAD COMBINATIONS:

(1) VERTICAL CRANE LOADS WITH IMPACT & NO HORI. CRANE LOAD.
MAXIMUM MOMENT
Mc = (1.4 x 46.55) + (1.6 x 212.37)

Mc = 404.97 KN m.

MAXIMUM SHEAR
FA = (1.4 x 12.5) + (1.6 x 61.77)

FA = 116.34 KN

(2) HORI. CRANE LOADS & VERT.CRANE LOADS WITH NO IMPACT.

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL MOMENT,


Mc = 1.6 x 6.33

Mc = 10.13 KN m.

MAXIMUM VERTICAL MOMENT


Mc = (1.4 x 46.55) + (1.6 x 169.89)

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JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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Mc = 337 KN m.

Page 4 of 95
JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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(3) VERT. CRANE LOAD WITH IMPACT & HORI. CRANE LOADS ACTING TOGETHER.

MAXIMUM VERTICAL MOMENT


Mc = (1.4 x 46.55) + (1.4 x 212.37)

Mc = 362.49 KN m.

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL MOMENT,


Mc = 1.4 x 6.33

Mc = 8.87 KN m.

(2) BUCKLING RESISTANCE MOMENT FOR THE X-X AXIS:

THE FOLLOWING TRIAL SECTION IS SELECTED:


(REFERANCE: HANDBOOK OFSTRUCTURALSTEEL WORK 3rd edi.)
I-s/c Girder
CHANNEL ISMC 250

FIG.(1) CRANE BEAM


SECTIONAL PROPERTIES
Girder ISMC 250
AX cm2 95.2 38.66
D mm 760 250 X X
Bf mm 180 80
Tf mm 10 14.7
Tw mm 8 7.1
Ix cm4 77642 381680
Iy cm4 975.16 21910
Zx cm3 2445 2181.02
Zy cm3 173.84 384.38
Cy cm
r mm 10.2

REFERING TO FIG.(2), THE EQUAL AREA AXIS X-X & CENTROIDS


OF THE TENSION & COMPRESSION AREAS ARE LOCATED AND
THE PLASTIC MODULUS CALCULATED.

(1) LOCATE EQUAL AREA AXIS: FIG.(2) CRANE BEAM PLASTIC PROPERTIES

TOTAL AREA = 13438.26 mm2

C.G. FOR COMPRESSION AREA FROM TOP; (y)

6719.13 =(250 x 7.1) + (180 x 10) + 2 x 14.7( y - 7.1) + 8( y - 10-7.1)

y= 93.31 mm from top

(2) LOCATE CENTROIDS OF COMPRESSION & TENSION AREAS

COMPRESSION AREA TENSION AREA


AREA MOMENTS @ TOP AREA MOMENTS @ BOTTOM
NO. AREA y Ay NO. AREA y Ay
1 1775 3.55 6301.25 1 1800 5 9000

2 1800 12.1 21780 2 5310.32 341.9 1815571.86

3 2534.57 50.21 127248.29 3 -391.31 680.45 -266267.65

4 609.68 55.21 33657.38


SUM 6719.26 188987 SUM 6719.01 1558304
= (188986.93 / 6719.26) = (1558304.21 / 6719.01)
= 28.13 mm = 231.93 mm

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JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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250 14.7 X
X 3
-13.31 3
1 7.1 663.79 2
673.79
93.31 10 2

X 180 X 3 86.21 1 10
4
76.21 180
14.7 8 28.13
TENSION AREA
COMPRESSION AREA

(3) LEVER ARM, Z = ((760 + 7.1) - 28.13 - 231.93)

Z= 507.04 mm

(4) PLASTIC MODULUS, Sx ;

Sx = 6719.26 x 507.04

Sx = 3406933.6 mm3

THE BENDING STRENGTH, pb TAKING TORSIONAL BUCKLING INTO ACCOUNT, IS DETERMINED:

EFFECTIVE LENGTH LE = SPAN = 15000 mm

MINI. RADIUS OF GYRATION ry = (SQRT( ( 975.16 + 381680) / (95.2 + 38.66) )

ry = 534.67 mm

SLENDERNESS RATIO, = LE / ry = 28.06

FACTORS MODIFYING SLENDERNESS:

BUCKLING PARAMETER, = 1.0

THIS IS CONSERVATIVE: THE VALUE OF 0.81 IS CALCULATED FROM THE FORMULA IN


APPENDIX B (BS-5950-1-2000) OF THE CODE

THE SLENDERNESS FACTOR IS CALCULATED FROM THE FORMULAE IN APPENDIA B:

Icf = Ix (Channnel) + Iy (UB)


= 381680 + 1/2 x975.16

Icf = 382167.58 cm4

Itf = Iy (UB)

Itf = 487.58 cm4

Iyc
= ffffffffffffffffffffffffff
Iyc + Iyt

= 382167.58 / (382167.58 + 487.58)

= 1

Page 6 of 95
JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
CUSTOMER DESIGNED BY
DESCRIPTION CHECKED BY

THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SHEAR CENTRES OF THE FLANGES:

7.86

767.1 hz = 754.24

b 250
200.3
5 1
2
17.1
CRANE BEAM AREA A
AREA A = 3425.13
TK. OF TOP FLANGE T = A/b
T= 13.71
D/T = 55.96

DISTANCE TO CENTROID FROM TOP NO. AREA y A.y


1 1775 3.55 6301.25

2 1800 12.1 21780


SUM 3575 28081.25

CENTROIDAL DIST. FROM TOP = 7.86


mm

hs = DIST. FROM CENTRE OF BOTTOM FLANGE TO CENTROID OF CHANNEL WEB & UB FLANGE

hs = 754.24 mm (Appro.) -----REFER ABOVE FIG.

TORSION CONSTANT (J) = 1/3[ b.t3 + hw.tw3 ]

J= 1/3 [ (10^ 3 x 180) + (8^3 x (760- 2 x 10))


+ (17.1^3 x 200.3) + ( 2 x 14.7 x 80) ]

J= 520924.76 mm4

AREA (A); = 13386 mm2

f g 0.5
THE TORSIONALINDEX (x); A
fffff
x =0.566hs
J

x= 0.566 x 754.24(13386 / 520924.76)^ 0.5

x= 68.43

THIS COMPARES WITH D/T = 55.96 FROM THE S/C TABLE


THEMONOSYMMETRIC INDEX FOR A T-SECTION WITH LIPPED FLANGES, WHERE

DL = DEPTH OF THE LIP = 80 mm


D = OVERALL DEPTH = 767.1 mm
b c f g
Dl
= 0.8 2 @1 1 + 0.5 ffffffff
D

Page 7 of 95
JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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= 0.8 ( 2 x 1 - 1 )( 1 + 0.5 x 80/767.1)

= 0.84

THE SLENDERNESS FACTOR


1
=HffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffIffff0.5
fffffff
h i 0.5
b c d e2
Lj M
L 4 1 @ + 0.05
fffff
+2k + M
J x K

= 0.77

FOR /x
0.77 1 0.42 28.06

REFERANCE BS5950-1-2000

w = 1

w
w
w
ww
w
w
ww
w
w
ww
w
lt = q w

lt = 21.61

Page 8 of 95
JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
CUSTOMER DESIGNED BY
DESCRIPTION CHECKED BY
FROM TABLE 17 BENDING STRENGTH pb (N/mm2) pg.52 FOR WELDED S/C FOR py = 265 N/mm2

TOP FLANGE THICKNESS = 17.1 mm TOTAL

pb = 158.23 N/mm2

THE BUCKLING RESISTANCE; Mb = 3406933.6 x 158.232

Mb = 539.09 KN M.

(3) MOMENT CAPACITY FOR THE TOP SECTION FOR THE y-y AXIS:

Mcy = 265 x 30573280 x

Mcy = 8101.92 KN m 80 7.1


10
Zyy = 30573280 mm3

x= 125 mm
(4) CHECK BEAM BENDING: y= 76.16 mm
Ixx = ### mm4
(1) VERTICAL MOMENT, NO HORI. MOMENT Iyy = 3821660000 mm4
Zxx = 2879396.23 mm3
Mx = 404.97 < Mb = 539.09 KN M. Zyy = 30573280 mm3

(2) VERTICAL MOMENT NO IMPACT + HORIZONTAL MOMENT

Mx
ffffffffff fffMy
fffffffffffffff
+ = (337 / 539.09 + 10.13 / 8101.92)
Mb py Zy
0.63 < 1

(3) VERTICAL MOMENT WITH IMPACT + HORIZONTAL MOMENT:

Mx
ffffffffff My
+ ffffffffffffffffff= 362.49 / 539.09 + 8.87 / 8101.92
Mb py Zy
0.67 < 1

THE CRANE GIRDER IS SATISFACTORY IN BENDING

(5) SHEAR CAPACITY (see scction 4.2.3, BS-5950-1-2000)

Pv = 0.6 x 760 x 8 x 265

Pv = 966.72 KN

MAXIMUM FACTORED SHEAR = 116.34 KN

Page 9 of 95
JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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(6) WELD BETWEEN CHANNEL AND UNIVERSAL BEAM:

THE DIMENSION FOR DETERMINING THE HORIZONTAL SHEAR ARE SHOWN IN FIGURE.
THE LOCATION OF THE CENTROIDAL AXIX IS TAKEN FROM THE STRUCTURAL STEELWORK HANDBOOK.

250

13.55 x= 125 mm
275.3 y= 491.8 mm
261.75 Ixx = 140751.73 cm4
Iyy = 382655.16 cm4
767.1

491.8

HORIZONTAL SHEAR FORCE IN EACH WELD;

(116.34 x 38.66 x 100 x 261.75)/(140751.73 x 10000 )

0.09 KN / mm

SIZE OF WELD = 6 mm
IN THE SIMPLE METHOD, THE STRENGTH OF A FILLET WELDIS CALCULATED USING THE THROAT THICKNESS.
FOR THE 900 FILLET WELD, THE THROAT THOCKNESS IS TAKEN AS 0.7 TIMES THE SIZE OR LEG LENGTH:

STRENGTH OF WELD = 0.7 LEG LENGTH x pw / 103 KN/mm


DESIGN STRENGTH OF FILLET WELDS pw (KN/mm2) = 220 KN/mm2

STRENGTH OF WELD = 0.7 x 6 x 220/ 1000 = 0.92 KN/mm

PROVIDE 6 mm CONTINIOUS FILLET (WELD STRENGTH = 0.924 KN/mm )

Page 10 of 95
JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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(7) WEB BEARING AND BUCKLING:

20.2

389.87
380
760 719.6
45o 8

20.2
9.87
STIFF BEARING WEB BUCKLING

LOAD DISPERSION AT SUPPORT WITH 1:2.5 DISPERSION

WEB BEARING: MINIMUM STIFF BEARING b1 = Rx / (t pyw/1.1) - n2

n2 = 2.5 d1 d1 = 10 + 10.2 = 20.2 mm

n2 = 50.5

Rx = 116.34 KN (MAXI. SUPPORT REACTION)

b1 = 116.34 x 1000 / ( 8 x 265 / 1.1 ) - 50.5

b1 = 9.87 mm

WEB BEARING AT SUPPORT REQUIRES A MINIMUM STIFF BEARING OF 9.87 mm

60.37
1
BEARING CAPACITY = 60.37 x 8 x 265 / 1000
2.5

20.2 BEARING CAPACITY = 127.99 KN

9.87 HENCE 127.99 > 116.34


SATISFACTORY
WEB BEARING

AT POINT OF CONCENTRATED LOADS (WHEEL LOADS OR REACTION) THE WEB OF THE GIRDER MUST BE
CHACKED FOR LOACAL BUCKLING.
THE DISPERSION LENGTH UNDER WHEEL ( THE DIAM. OF WHEEL TO BE 200
AND ASSUMING AN ANGLE OF DISPERSION OF 45 DEGREE)

BUCKLING RESISTANCE : THE BUCKLING RESISTANCE Px OF THE WEB SHOULD BE TAKEN AS;

e + 0.7d fffffffffffff25t
Px = fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff fw
fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
w
w
ww
w
w
ww
w
w
ww
w
w
ww
w
www
wwww
wwww
wwww
wwww
www
wwwww
wwww
ww B Pbw
1.4d q `b1 + nK ad (REFERANCE- C.4.5.3.1, BS-5950-1-2000)

Px = (200 + 0.7 x 719.6) / ( 1.4 x 719.6) x (25 x 1.0 x 8)/ (SQRT (60.37 x 719.6) x 127.99

Px = 85.79 KN

Page 11 of 95
JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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Page 12 of 95
JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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(8) LOCAL COMPRESSION UNDER WHEELS:

A 25 Kg/m CRANE RAIL IS USED, AND THE HEIGHT HR IS 65 mm.


THE LENGTH IN BEARING IS SHOWN IN FIG.

TAN 45 = (65 + 17.1) / x


RAIL 65
x= 82.1 mm
82.1 17.1

164.2

LOCAL COMPRESSION UNDER WHEEL

BEARING CAPACITY = 250 x 8 x 164.2 / 1000

BEARING CAPACITY = 328.4 KN

FACTORED CRANE WHEEL LOAD = 33.69 x 1.6

FACTORED CRANE WHEEL LOAD = 53.9 KN ----- SATISFACTORY

(9) DEFLECTION:

THE VERTICAL DEFLECTION DUE TO THE STATIC WHEEL LOAD MUST NOT EXCEED:

SPAN / 600 = 15 x 1000 / 600 = 25 mm

H b cI
` a 4 a 3 + c3
ffffff+
3 3
fPL f 3fffffffa
ffffffffffffffL ffffffc
fffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffM
f 5wL
ffffffffffffffffffff
Deflection at centre = J @ K +
48EI L L
3
384EI

THE HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION DUE TO CRANE SURGE MUST NOT EXCEED:

SPAN / 500 = 15 x 1000 / 500 = 30 mm


THE VERTICAL DEFLECTION AT THE CENTRE WITH THE LOADS IN POSITION FOR MAXIMUM MOMENT IS

= 16.31 mm SATISFACTORY

IF THE LOADS ARE PLACED EQUIDISTANT ABOUT THE CENTRE LINE OF BEAM a = c is 6.25 m.

26.95 26.95

6.25 2.5
15
6.25 = 16.43 mm

SATISFACTORY
THIS GIVES THE MAXIMUM DEFLECTION

THE HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION DUE TO DUE TO THE SURGE LOADS:

1 1

6.25 2.5
15
6.25
= 0.18 mm

SATISFACTORY

Page 13 of 95
JOB NO. DATE 18-Jul-2011
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FATIGUE RESISTANT DESIGN


CRANE CAPACITY = 30 KN
SPAN BETWEEN CRANE RAILS = 18 M
WEIGHT OF CRANE = 30 KN
WEIGHT OF CRAB = 10 KN
MINIMUM HOOK APPROACH = 0.5 M
END CARRIAGE WHEELCENTRES = 2.5 M
SPAN OFCRANE GIRDER = 15 M
SELF WEIGHT OF CRANE GIRDER = 25 KN
GRADE OF STEEL = S275
250 N/mm2
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF STEEL Es = 205000 N/mm2
SECTION USED FOR THE GIRDER = Girder
CRANE OPERATION (days/year) = 200 days/year
HOUR PER DAY = 8 hr/day
TRIPS PER HOUR @ THIS LOAD LEVEL = 3 cycles/hour
DESIGN LIFE OF BUILDING = 50 years

THE GANTRY GIRDER RECEIVES A MAXIMUM OF 80 % OF THE TOTAL LOAD AS THE REACTIVE FORCE
IT IS ASSUMED THAT THIS FORCE IS APPLIED TO THE GIRDER AS A SINGLE CONCENTRATED LOAD.

NUMBER OF STRESS CYCLES (equal number of load cycles in this case)

N= (3cycles/hour) (8hr/day) (200days/year) (50years)

N= 240000 cycles

DETAIL CATEGORY AND FATIGUE STRENGTH

THE PROVIDED BEAM CORRESPONDS TO DETAIL CATEGORY = 118


(AS PER TABLE 13.3(1) OF THE IS:800-2007 CODE.)

FROM FIG.13.1 IS:800-2007; READ THE CATEGORY 118 LINE AT N = 240000 CYCLES TO FIND THAT
UNCORRECTED FATIGUE STRENGTH IS = 330 Mpa.

THE FATIGUE STRENGTH OF THIS DETAIL CAN ALSO BE CALCULATED USING C.13.5 OF IS:800-2007

WHEN NSC 5 x 106 WHEN 5 x 106 NSC 108


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w
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ww
w
w
ww
w
w
wwww
wwww
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wwww
ww vwww
w
w
w
w
ww
w
w
w
ww
w
w
w
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ww
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ww
ww
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ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
w
u 6 u 6
u 5ffffx
ffff10
ffffffffffff u 5ffffx
ffff10
ffffffffffff
f =f t3 f =f t5
f fn N SC f fn N SC

ff= 324.69 Mpa.

ASSUMING FAIL-SAFE AND POOR ACCESSIBILITY FOR DETAIL, mft = 1.15


(FROM C.2.4.3 BS:5950-2000 )

DESIGN FATIGUE STRENGTH = 324.69 / 1.15 = 282.34 Mpa.

CALCULATION OF ACTUAL STRESS RANGE:

fmin = 0

PL
M = fffffffff= 30 x 1000 x 0.8 x 15 x 1000 / 4
4
M= 90000000 N mm

M
f max = ffffffff= 90000000 / (2445 x 1000 )
Z
f max = 36.81 Mpa. < fy = 250 Mpa.

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THUS f= 36.81 - 0 Mpa.

SINCE THE ACTUAL STRESS RANGE ( 36.81 MpaIS


) LESS THAN
THE DESIGN FATIGUE STRENGTH (282.34 Mpa ) FOR THIS DETAIL, THE SIZE OF GIRDER IS SAFE.

SHEAR FORCE AT SUPPORT = 30 x 1000 x 0.8 / 2 = 12000 KN

SHEAR STRESS = SF/(d.tw) = 12000 / (760 x 8)

SHEAR STRESS f = 1.98 Mpa.

AS PER C.13.3.2.3 IS:800-2007

27
f fffffffffff=27 / 1.15 = 23.48 Mpa.
mft

HENCE 1.98 Mpa < 23.48 Mpa SAFE

HENCE FATIGUE ASSESSMENT IS NOT REQUIRED AT THE SUPPORT.


HOWEVER, LET US FIND OUT THE FATIGUE STRENGTH IN SHEAR OF THE DETAIL USING C13.5 IS:800-2007

SHEAR STRESS;
vwww
w
w
w
w
ww
w
w
w
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w
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w
w
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ww
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ww
ww
w
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ww
ww
w
ww
u 6
u 5 x
ffff10
ffff ffffffffffff
f =f n t5
N SC

f = 216.59 Mpa.

DESIGN FATIGUE STRENGTH IN SHEAR =216.59 / 1.15 = 188.34 >> 1.98 Mpa.

HOWEVER, THE FOLLOWING POINTS HAVE TO BE BORNE IN MIND.


1. THE NUMBER OF STRESS CYCLES WILL NOT ALWAYS BE EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF LOAD
CYCLES. FOR EXAMPLE, IN A CONTINUOUS BEAM OR WHEN A MULTIPLE-AXLE VEHICLE
TRANSVERSES A MEMBER, MORE THAN ONE STRESS CYCLE COULD OCCUR.
2. SINCE THE STRESS DUE TO THE DEAD LOAD IS ALWAYS PRESENT, THE CHANGE IN STRESS IN
THE MEMBER COULD BE TAKEN EQUAL TO THE CHANGE IN STRESS PRODUCED BY THE MOVING
(LIVE) LOAD.
3. OF COURSE, WE CAN ALSO COMPARE THE NUMBER OF CYCLES PERMITTED AT THE ACTUAL
STRESS RANGE OF 36.81 Mpa

FROM TABLE; log C FOR CATEGORY 118 AND N< 5 x 10^5 = 12.25

NUMERICAL VALUES FOR FATIGUE STRENGTH CURVES

log C for N < 108


NORMAL STRESS RANGE
ffn (N/mm2) N 5 x 106 N 5 x 106 fd (N/mm2) fL (N/mm2)
(m = 3) (m = 5)
160 12.9 17.04 118 64
140 12.75 16.79 103 57
125 12.6 16.54 92 51
112 12.45 16.29 83 45
100 12.3 16.04 74 40
90 12.15 15.79 66 36
80 12 15.54 59 32
71 11.85 15.29 52 29
63 11.7 15.04 46 26
56 11.55 14.79 41 23
50 11.4 14.54 37 20
45 11.25 14.29 33 18
40 11.1 14.04 29 16
36 10.95 13.79 27 14

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FROM EQUATION
log N = log c @m log f f

log N = 12.25 - 3 x log 36.81

log N = 7.56

HENCE; N= 36307806 cycles

SINCE THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF CYCLES IS ONLY 240000,


THIS ALSO SHOWS THAT THE SIZE OF THE GIRDER IS SUFFICIENT.

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REFERANCES: BS 5950-1:2000 STRUCTURAL USE OF STEELWORK IN BUILDING


IS 800:2007 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR GENERAL CONSTRUCTION IN STEEL (3rd REV.)
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK:DESIGN TO LIMIT STATE THEORY BY DENNIS LAM, THIEN-CHEONG ANG - 3RD ED
DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES (L.S.M) BY N.SUBRAMANIAN

REFERANCE IS800-2007

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Page 18 of 95
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Page 19 of 95
NAME STAADNAME AX D Bf Tf Tw Ix
cm^2 mm mm mm mm cm^4
UB127X76X13 UB127X76X13 16.5 127 76 7.6 4 473
UB152X89X16 UB152X89X16 20.3 152.4 88.7 7.7 4.5 834
UB178X102X19 UB178X102X19 24.3 177.8 101.2 7.9 4.8 1356
UB254X102X22 UB254X102X22 28 254 101.6 6.8 5.7 2841
UB203X102X23 UB203X102X23 29.4 203.2 101.8 9.3 5.4 2105
UB305X102X25 UB305X102X25 31.6 305.1 101.6 7 5.8 4455
UB203X133X25 UB203X133X25 32 203.2 133.2 7.8 5.7 2340
UB254X102X25 UB254X102X25 32 257.2 101.9 8.4 6 3415
UB305X102X28 UB305X102X28 35.9 308.7 101.8 8.8 6 5366
UB254X102X28 UB254X102X28 36.1 260.4 102.2 10 6.3 4005
UB203X133X30 UB203X133X30 38.2 206.8 133.9 9.6 6.4 2896
UB254X146X31 UB254X146X31 39.7 251.4 146.1 8.6 6 4413
UB305X102X33 UB305X102X33 41.8 312.7 102.4 10.8 6.6 6501
UB356X127X33 UB356X127X33 42.1 349 125.4 8.5 6 8249
UB254X146X37 UB254X146X37 47.2 256 146.4 10.9 6.3 5537
UB305X127X37 UB305X127X37 47.2 304.4 123.4 10.7 7.1 7171
UB406X140X39 UB406X140X39 49.7 398 141.8 8.6 6.4 12510
UB356X127X39 UB356X127X39 49.8 353.4 126 10.7 6.6 10170
UB305X165X40 UB305X165X40 51.3 303.4 165 10.2 6 8503
UB305X127X42 UB305X127X42 53.4 307.2 124.3 12.1 8 8196
UB254X146X43 UB254X146X43 54.8 259.6 147.3 12.7 7.2 6544
UB356X171X45 UB356X171X45 57.3 351.4 171.1 9.7 7 12070
UB406X140X46 UB406X140X46 58.6 403.2 142.2 11.2 6.8 15690
UB305X165X46 UB305X165X46 58.7 306.6 165.7 11.8 6.7 9899
UB305X127X48 UB305X127X48 61.2 311 125.3 14 9 9575
UB356X171X51 UB356X171X51 64.9 355 171.5 11.5 7.4 14140
UB457X152X52 UB457X152X52 66.6 449.8 152.4 10.9 7.6 21370
UB305X165X54 UB305X165X54 68.8 310.4 166.9 13.7 7.9 11700
UB406X178X54 UB406X178X54 69 402.6 177.7 10.9 7.7 18720
UB356X171X57 UB356X171X57 72.6 358 172.2 13 8.1 16040
UB457X152X60 UB457X152X60 76.2 454.6 152.9 13.3 8.1 25500
UB406X178X60 UB406X178X60 76.5 406.4 177.9 12.8 7.9 21600
UB356X171X67 UB356X171X67 85.5 363.4 173.2 15.7 9.1 19460
UB406X178X67 UB406X178X67 85.5 409.4 178.8 14.3 8.8 24330
UB457X191X67 UB457X191X67 85.5 453.4 189.9 12.7 8.5 29380
UB457X152X67 UB457X152X67 85.6 458 153.8 15 9 28930
UB406X178X74 UB406X178X74 94.5 412.8 179.5 16 9.5 27310
UB457X152X74 UB457X152X74 94.5 462 154.4 17 9.6 32670
UB457X191X74 UB457X191X74 94.6 457 190.4 14.5 9 33320
UB457X191X82 UB457X191X82 104 460 191.3 16 9.9 37050
UB457X152X82 UB457X152X82 105 465.8 155.3 18.9 10.5 36590
UB533X210X82 UB533X210X82 105 528.3 208.8 13.2 9.6 47540
UB457X191X89 UB457X191X89 114 463.4 191.9 17.7 10.5 41020
UB533X210X92 UB533X210X92 117 533.1 209.3 15.6 10.1 55230
UB457X191X98 UB457X191X98 125 467.2 192.8 19.6 11.4 45730
UB533X210X101 UB533X210X101 129 536.7 210 17.4 10.8 61520
UB610X229X101 UB610X229X101 129 602.6 227.6 14.8 10.5 75780
UB533X210X109 UB533X210X109 139 539.5 210.8 18.8 11.6 66820
UB610X229X113 UB610X229X113 144 607.6 228.2 17.3 11.1 87320
UB533X210X122 UB533X210X122 155 544.5 211.9 21.3 12.7 76040
UB610X229X125 UB610X229X125 159 612.2 229 19.6 11.9 98610
UB686X254X125 UB686X254X125 159 677.9 253 16.2 11.7 118000
UB762X267X134 UB762X267X134 171 750 264.4 15.5 12 150700
UB610X229X140 UB610X229X140 178 617.2 230.2 22.1 13.1 111800
UB686X254X140 UB686X254X140 178 683.5 253.7 19 12.4 136300
UB762X267X147 UB762X267X147 187 754 265.2 17.5 12.8 168500
UB610X305X149 UB610X305X149 190 612.4 304.8 19.7 11.8 125900
UB686X254X152 UB686X254X152 194 687.5 254.5 21 13.2 150400
UB686X254X170 UB686X254X170 217 692.9 255.8 23.7 14.5 170300
UB762X267X173 UB762X267X173 220 762.2 266.7 21.6 14.3 205300
UB838X292X176 UB838X292X176 224 834.9 291.7 18.8 14 246000
UB610X305X179 UB610X305X179 228 620.2 307.1 23.6 14.1 153000
UB838X292X194 UB838X292X194 247 840.7 292.4 21.7 14.7 279200
UB762X267X197 UB762X267X197 251 769.8 268 25.4 15.6 240000
UB914X305X201 UB914X305X201 256 903 303.3 20.2 15.1 325300
UB1016X305X222 UB1016X305X222 283 970.3 300 21.1 16 408000
UBM16X305X222 UBM16X305X222 283 970.3 300 21.1 16 408000
UB914X305X224 UB914X305X224 286 910.4 304.1 23.9 15.9 376400
UB838X292X226 UB838X292X226 289 850.9 293.8 26.8 16.1 339700
UB610X305X238 UB610X305X238 303 635.8 311.4 31.4 18.4 209500
UB1016X305X249 UB1016X305X249 317 980.2 300 26 16.5 481300
UBM16X305X249 UBM16X305X249 317 980.2 300 26 16.5 481300
UB914X305X253 UB914X305X253 323 918.4 305.5 27.9 17.3 436300
UB1016X305X272 UB1016X305X272 347 990.1 300 31 16.5 554000
UBM16X305X272 UBM16X305X272 347 990.1 300 31 16.5 554000
UB914X305X289 UB914X305X289 368 926.6 307.7 32 19.5 504200
UB1016X305X314 UB1016X305X314 400 1000 300 35.9 19.1 644200
UBM16X305X314 UBM16X305X314 400 1000 300 35.9 19.1 644200
UB914X419X343 UB914X419X343 437 911.8 418.5 32 19.4 625800
UB1016X305X349 UB1016X305X349 445 1008.1 302 40 21.1 723100
UBM16X305X349 UBM16X305X349 445 1008.1 302 40 21.1 723100
UB914X419X388 UB914X419X388 494 921 420.5 36.6 21.4 719600
UB1016X305X393 UB1016X305X393 500 1016 303 43.9 24.4 807700
UBM16X305X393 UBM16X305X393 500 1016 303 43.9 24.4 807700
UB1016X305X437 UB1016X305X437 557 1025.9 305.4 49 26.9 909900
UBM16X305X437 UBM16X305X437 557 1025.9 305.4 49 26.9 909900
UB1016X305X487 UB1016X305X487 620 1036.1 308.5 54.1 30 1021400
Girder 760x180 95.2 760 180 10 8 77642

1.74E+05 173.84
UBM16X305X349
plastic modulus
De Ct Iy Zx Zy NBF
mm cm cm^4 cm^3 cm^3 mm
96.6 1.3 56 84 23 76
121.8 1.6 90 123 31 89
146.8 1.8 137 171 42 102
225.2 3.5 119 259 37 102
169.4 2.2 164 234 50 102
275.9 4.4 123 342 39 102
172.4 2.1 308 258 71 133
225.2 3.3 149 306 46 102
275.9 4.2 155 403 49 102
225.2 3.2 179 353 55 102
172.4 2.1 385 314 88 133
219 2.7 448 393 94 146
275.9 4.1 194 481 60 102
311.6 4.6 280 543 70 127
219 2.6 571 483 119 146
265.2 3.8 336 539 85 127
360.4 5.3 410 724 91 140
311.6 4.4 358 659 89 127
265.2 3 764 623 142 165
265.2 3.9 389 614 98 127
219 2.6 677 566 141 146
311.6 4.1 811 775 147 171
360.4 5 538 888 118 140
265.2 3.1 896 720 166 165
265.2 3.9 461 711 116 127
311.6 3.9 968 896 174 171
407.6 6 645 1096 133 152
265.2 3.2 1063 846 196 165
360.4 4.8 1021 1055 178 178
311.6 4 1108 1010 199 171
407.6 5.8 795 1287 163 152
360.4 4.6 1203 1199 209 178
311.6 4 1362 1211 243 171
360.4 4.7 1365 1346 237 178
407.6 5.5 1452 1471 237 191
407.6 5.9 913 1453 187 152
360.4 4.8 1545 1501 267 178
407.6 5.9 1047 1627 213 152
407.6 5.4 1671 1653 272 191
407.6 5.5 1871 1831 304 191
407.6 6 1185 1811 240 152
476.5 6.8 2007 2059 300 210
407.6 5.5 2089 2014 338 191
476.5 6.6 2389 2360 356 210
407.6 5.5 2347 2232 379 191
476.5 6.5 2692 2612 399 210
547.6 7.8 2915 2881 400 229
476.5 6.6 2943 2828 436 210
547.6 7.6 3434 3281 469 229
476.5 6.7 3388 3196 500 210
547.6 7.5 3932 3676 535 229
615.1 8.9 4383 3994 542 254
686 10.3 4788 4644 570 267
547.6 7.6 4505 4142 611 229
615.1 8.6 5183 4558 638 254
686 10.2 5455 5156 647 267
540 6.5 9308 4594 937 305
615.1 8.6 5784 5000 710 254
615.1 8.7 6630 5631 811 254
686 10 6850 6198 807 267
761.7 11.4 7799 6808 842 292
540 6.7 11410 5547 1144 305
761.7 11.1 9066 7640 974 292
686 9.9 8175 7167 959 267
824.4 12.5 9423 8351 982 305
868.1 13.8 9546 9807 1020 305
868.1 13.8 9546 9807 1020 305
824.4 12.1 11240 9535 1163 305
761.7 10.8 11360 9155 1212 292
540 7.1 15840 7486 1574 305
868.2 13.2 11750 11350 1245 305
868.2 13.2 11750 11350 1245 305
824.4 12 13300 10940 1371 305
868.1 12.5 14000 12830 1470 305
868.1 12.5 14000 12830 1470 305
824.4 12.2 15600 12570 1601 305
868.2 12.9 16230 14850 1713 305
868.2 12.9 16230 14850 1713 305
799.6 10.2 39160 15480 2890 419
868.1 13.1 18460 16590 1941 305
868.1 13.1 18460 16590 1941 305
799.6 10.3 45440 17670 3341 419
868.2 13.8 20500 18540 2168 305
868.2 13.8 20500 18540 2168 305
867.9 14 23450 20760 2469 305
867.9 14 23450 20760 2469 305
867.9 14.4 26720 23200 2800 305
975.16 2445 173.84
NAME STAADNAME AX D Bf Tf Tw Ix
cm^2 mm mm mm mm cm^4
CH76X38 CH76X38 8.53 76.2 38.1 6.8 5.1 74.1
CH100X50X10 CH100X50X10 13 100 50 8.5 5 208
CH102X51 CH102X51 13.28 101.6 50.8 7.6 6.1 207.7
CH125X65X15 CH125X65X15 18.8 125 65 9.5 5.5 483
CH127X64 CH127X64 19 127 63.5 9.2 6.4 482
CH152X76 CH152X76 22.8 152.4 76.2 9 6.4 852
CH150X75X18 CH150X75X18 22.8 150 75 10 5.5 861
CH180X75X20 CH180X75X20 25.9 180 75 10.5 6 1370
CH178X76 CH178X76 26.6 177.8 76.2 10.3 6.6 1338
CH200X75X23 CH200X75X23 29.9 200 75 12.5 6 1963
CH203X76 CH203X76 30.4 203.2 76.2 11.2 7.1 1955
CH152X89 CH152X89 30.4 152.4 88.9 11.6 7.1 1168
CH150X90X24 CH150X90X24 30.4 150 90 12 6.5 1162
CH230X75X26 CH230X75X26 32.7 230 75 12.5 6.5 2748
CH180X90X26 CH180X90X26 33.2 180 90 12.5 6.5 1817
CH229X76 CH229X76 33.2 228.6 76.2 11.2 7.6 2615
CH178X89 CH178X89 34.1 177.8 88.9 12.3 7.6 1753
CH260X75X28 CH260X75X28 35.1 260 75 12 7 3619
CH254X76 CH254X76 35.9 254 76.2 10.9 8.1 3355
CH200X90X30 CH200X90X30 37.9 200 90 14 7 2523
CH203X89 CH203X89 37.9 203.2 88.9 12.9 8.1 2492
CH230X90X32 CH230X90X32 41 230 90 14 7.5 3518
CH229X89 CH229X89 41.6 228.6 88.9 13.3 8.6 3383
CH260X90X35 CH260X90X35 44.4 260 90 14 8 4728
CH254X89 CH254X89 45.4 254 88.9 13.6 9.1 4445
CH300X90X41 CH300X90X41 52.7 300 90 15.5 9 7218
CH305X89 CH305X89 53.3 304.8 88.9 13.7 10.2 7078
CH300X100X46 CH300X100X46 58 300 100 16.5 9 8229
CH305X102 CH305X102 58.9 304.8 101.6 14.8 10.2 8208
CH380X100X54 CH380X100X54 68.7 380 100 17.5 9.5 15030
CH381X102 CH381X102 70.1 381 101.6 16.3 10.4 14870
CH430X100X64 CH430X100X64 82.1 430 100 19 11 21940
ISMC 250 250x125 38.66 250 80 14.7 7.1 381680
plastic modulus
Iy Cy De Zx Zy
cm^4 cm mm cm^3 cm^3
10.7 1.2 45.8 23.4 7.8
32.3 1.7 65 48.9 17.5
29.1 1.5 65.7 48.8 15.7
80 2.3 82 89.9 33.2
67.2 1.9 84 89.4 29.3
114 2.2 105.9 130 41.2
131 2.6 106 132 47.2
146 2.4 135 176 51.8
134 2.2 128.8 176 48.1
170 2.5 151 227 60.6
152 2.1 152.5 226 53.5
216 2.9 97 178 68.3
253 3.3 102 179 76.9
181 2.3 181 278 63.2
277 3.2 131 232 83.5
159 2 178 271 54.5
241 2.8 121 230 75.4
185 2.1 212 328 62
162 1.9 203.8 316 53.9
314 3.1 148 291 94.5
265 2.7 145.2 287 81.7
334 2.9 178 355 98.9
285 2.5 169.8 348 86.3
353 2.7 208 425 102
302 2.4 194.7 414 89.6
404 2.6 245 568 114
326 2.2 245.4 559 92.9
568 3.1 237 641 148
499 2.7 239.2 638 128
643 2.8 315 933 161
579 2.5 312.4 931 144
722 2.6 362 1222 176
21910 2181.02 384.38
Table 17 Bending strength pb (N/mm2) for welded sections (BS 5950-1:2000)
Steel grade and design strength py (N/mm2)
lt S 275 S 355 S 460
235 245 255 265 275 315 325 335 345 355 400 410 430 440
25 235 245 255 265 275 315 325 335 345 355 400 410 430 440
30 235 245 255 265 275 315 325 335 345 355 390 397 412 419
35 235 245 255 265 272 300 307 314 321 328 358 365 378 385
40 224 231 237 244 250 276 282 288 295 301 328 334 346 352
45 206 212 218 224 230 253 259 265 270 276 300 306 316 321
50 190 196 201 207 212 233 238 243 248 253 275 279 288 293
55 175 180 185 190 195 214 219 223 227 232 251 255 263 269
60 162 167 171 176 180 197 201 205 209 212 237 242 253 258
65 150 154 158 162 166 183 188 194 199 204 227 232 242 247
70 139 142 146 150 155 177 182 187 192 196 217 222 230 234
75 130 135 140 145 151 170 175 179 184 188 207 210 218 221
80 126 131 136 141 146 163 168 172 176 179 196 199 205 208
85 122 127 131 136 140 156 160 164 167 171 185 187 190 192
90 118 123 127 131 135 149 152 156 159 162 170 172 175 176
95 114 118 122 125 129 142 144 146 148 150 157 158 161 162
100 110 113 117 120 123 132 134 136 137 139 145 146 148 149
105 106 109 112 115 117 123 125 126 128 129 134 135 137 138
110 101 104 106 107 109 115 116 117 119 120 124 125 127 128
115 96 97 99 101 102 107 108 109 110 111 115 116 118 118
120 90 91 93 94 96 100 101 102 103 104 107 108 109 110
125 85 86 87 89 90 94 95 96 96 97 100 101 102 103
130 80 81 82 83 84 88 89 90 90 91 94 94 95 96
135 75 76 77 78 79 83 83 84 85 85 88 88 89 90
140 71 72 73 74 75 78 78 79 80 80 82 83 84 84
145 67 68 69 70 71 73 74 74 75 75 77 78 79 79
150 64 64 65 66 67 69 70 70 71 71 73 73 74 74
155 60 61 62 62 63 65 66 66 67 67 69 69 70 70
160 57 58 59 59 60 62 62 63 63 63 65 65 66 66
165 54 55 56 56 57 59 59 59 60 60 61 62 62 62
170 52 52 53 53 54 56 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59
175 49 50 50 51 51 53 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56
180 47 47 48 48 49 50 51 51 51 51 52 53 53 53
185 45 45 46 46 46 48 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 51
190 43 43 44 44 44 46 46 46 46 47 48 48 48 48
195 41 41 42 42 42 43 44 44 44 44 45 45 46 46
200 39 39 40 40 40 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 44 44
210 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 40 40 40
220 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 37 37
230 31 31 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 34 34
240 28 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31
250 26 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29
L0 37.1 36.3 35.6 35 34.3 32.1 31.6 31.1 30.6 30.2 28.4 28.1 27.4 27.1
-1:2000)

460
460
460
434
398
364
332
302
281
269
256
242
228
214
195
179
164
151
140
129
120
111
104
97
90
85
80
75
71
67
63
60
56
54
51
48
46
44
40
37
34
31
29
26.5

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