, , ,

Samhita and Pada pata of

Vishnu sahsranama stotram
Along with Samskrit Sandhi rules

Some basic sandhi rules for beginners for proper chanting of

Vishnu sahasranama stotra along with Samhita and Pada pata.

Sri Srinivasa swamiji

 , , ,

Samhita and Pada pata of

Vishnu sahsranama stotram
Along with Samskrit Sandhi rules

Some basic sandhi rules for beginners for proper chanting of

Vishnu sahasranama stotra along with Samhita and Pada pata.

Sri Srinivasa swamiji

7/19/2016

This book contains certain basic and very useful rules of Varnas, Visaragas, Anusvaras chandas etc.under
different conditions. These rules are intended mainly to equip the student with knowledge just sufficient
for stotraparayana especially Vishnu sahasranama stotra and Samskrit reading for a beginner. Here three
variants of Vishnu sahasranamam- two samhita patas and one pada pata- is given to help students to
learn proper pronounciation of the same. This is a source material for both teachers and students. All the
rules are derived from the Maharishi Paninis Asthadhyayi. Pronunciation should be learnt from teachers.
 Page| 1/ 86

Contents ;
1. Preface
Section 1 ..sandhis

2. Varnas - Samskrit Alphabets Pg -3

3. Visarga sandhis with Katora vyanjana Pg -11
4. Visarga sandhis with Svaras & Mrudu vyanjana Pg-19
5. Anusvara Sandhis. Pg-32
6. Miscellanous sandhis Pg -49
7. Chandas Pg -57

Section 2 Sri Vishnu sahasranama stotram

8. Vishnu sahasranamastotram pg 61
a. Samhita pata pg 63
b. Pada pata pg - 77
9. Glossary pg - 84

copyright 2016. With author.

Bengaluru.
For free downloads
visit ; www.shastradeepika.org www.paravidya.org
www.hinduonline.co
 Page| 2/ 86

Preface.
Many years back a group of enthusiastic and eager students, who wanted to learn
Sri Vishnusahasranama stotra parayana (chanting) properly with grammatical
rules approached me to learn. This prompted me to teach them.

Unlike English language, in Samskrit language even to chant stotras, though you
may not need any knowledge of Samskrit, but certain amount of knowledge of
sandhirules and chandas of that particular stotra is definitely required or else
errors do takes place.

So, this made me to teach sandhi rules required for Sri Vishnusahasranama stotra
parayana(chanting), a study material-notes- was created for teaching this, which
benefited students a lot and was well received among them, a few among them
wanted this to reach a wider circles for the benefit of parayana students, so this
book was made.

Though this stotra is quite common, yet none of them contains with strict sandhi
rules, hence difficult to chant properly. So here we have also included the Vishnu
sahasranama stotra with sandhi rules.

This book contains two sections;

The first section contains a few sandhi rules and a chandas rule required for
Vishnusahasranama stotra parayana.
The second section contains Vishnu sahasranama stotra based on Shankara
bhasya with all sandhis with three types of rendering, first Samhita pata
assuming avasanam(pause) at the end of each pada(eight alphabet), second
Samhita pata assuming pause at the end of each line of sloka (sixteenth
alphabet) and third Pada pata to know all the 1000 names perfectly.

Sri Srinvasa Swamiji

Bengaluru.
 Page| 3/ 86

Section 1
Chapter 1 Varanas
Samskrit Alphabets
Aksharas / Varnas
- /
 Page| 4/ 86

Chapter 1 Varanas - Samskrit Alphabets
Aksharas / Varnas - /
In Samskrit language, the alphabets are called Aksharas / Varnas, technically
there are around 64 alphabets, but for regular and practical purpose we dont
need to know all of them, the important varnas and their classification are as
given below. The script used here for Samskrit is called Devanagari script.

The Aksharas / Varnas are divided into

1. Swaras (plural form of word ) - in English they are called as Vowels,

but we use the word svara only in this book. There are 22 Svaras.
2. Vyanjanas (plural form of word ) in English they are called as
consonants, we use the word vyanjanas only, in this book. There are 33
vyanjanas.
3. Ayogavahas there are four types of Ayogavahas viz

a. Anusvaara -
.
b. Visarga .
c. Jivhamuliya
.
The visarga preceeded by / is called Jivhamuliya.
d. Upadhmaneya .
The visarga preceeded by / is called Upadmaneeya.
The upadmaneeya and jivhamuuliya are also called Ardha Visargas.

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Svaras;
Based on length of pronounciation time, the Svaras are of three types viz.
- short vowels . The time of pronounciation is 1 matra.
long vowels. The time of pronounciation is 2matras

pluta vowels. The time of pronounciation is 3matras.

--

3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Svaras are independent, they can be pronounced on their own and doesnt
require support of any other varnas for their pronounciation

Ayogavahas

is called Anusvaara -

is called Visarga -

or Jivhamuuliya ,

or Upadhmaneeya

Pg5
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Vyanjanas ;
These are divided into two types viz.
kahora-vyanjana (-)Hard consonants.
Mrudu vyanjana (
- ) Soft consonants.
Among the vyanjanas are called Ushmavarnas .
vyanjanas are called Anthasthas .
The fifth letters of all the vargas are called Anunaasikas (
).
The etc. are also denoted by etc.
These vyanjanas cannot be uttered without the help of svaras, so they are
dependent on svaras for their pronounciation.

-
-

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The varnas are of two types

niranunasika &

sanunasika that is /, / , /

Mutually savarna

Mutually savarna

Mutually savarna

The above mentioned Varnas of the Samskrit are given in fourteen Maheshvara
Sutra, which was revealed to Maharishi Panini by Bhagavan Shiva, for the
convenience of Grammar rules. They are as follows.

(also called s)

As per these sutras

(1) All the Varnas are called as
(2) All the Svaras are called as
(3) All the Vyanjanas are called as
(4) All the Katora Vyanjanas are called as
(5) All the Mrudu Vyanjanas are called as
Pg 7
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(6) Ushmavarnas are called as .

(7) Anthasthas are called as and soon.

= + and = +

Savarna varnas ( varnas)

If we observe maheshvara sutras, it is evident that it doesnt contain varnas
long vowels, and without varnas Samskrit grammar cant be done.
Then how Maharishi Panini brought these varnas and many such varnas
that are not found in maheshvara sutras in his Samskrit grammar Ashtadhyayi?

To utter a varna various efforts like

placing tongue in proper place of pronounciaton () in mouth,
internal effort ( )like complete contact of tongue with the

place of pronounciation.
external efforts ( ) like quantity of the air etc.

and many such efforts has to be performed then only a proper sound of
particular varna or word gets produced. A close observation of this
process of sound production reveals that the tongue positions (),
Internal effort ( ), External efforts ( ) will be similar

between varnas.
If between two varnas the & are same, then those two
varnas will be mutually savarnas s, means those two varnas are
homogenous counterparts to each other.
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Eg. 1. The two varnas and both have same &

, hence these two are mutually savarnas s

2. Similarly & are Savarans. 3. & are Savarans.
4. & are Savarans. 5. & are Savarans. etc

6. Similarly all the five varnas & are mutually Savarans to each
other. These five varnas in short are called or . Here in any
varnas (say ) savarna is other four varnas.

7. Similarly all the five varnas & are mutually Savarans to each
other. These five varnas in short are called or . Here any varnas (say
) savarna is other four varnas. In the same way , & should
be understood.

Now it is clear that varnas and many such varnas that are not found in
maheshvara sutras can be had through their homogeneous counterparts savarnas
s. With this concept of Savarnas, Maharishi Panini has managed to get all the
varnas in the Ashtadhyayi that are not found in Maheshvara Sutrani.

Due to these savarnas, when we say it may mean both & , even so when
we say it may mean both & , hence it becomes difficult to get only
short without its savarnas, likewise for many other varnas it becomes difficult
to get only that particular varna sans its savarnas, so a new problem of
unwanted savarnas arises.
To stop this unwanted savarnas of any particular varna i.e. to get only that
particular varna sans its savarnas Maharishi Panini in his Ashtadhyayi created a
rule of (taparakarana), due to which we will be able to get only that
particular varna minus its savarnas. (Here we are not going deal with this , because it
is beyond the scope of this book).

Pg9
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The equivalent to this (taparakarana) is (karapratyaya) which is

also used extensively in the Samskrit language and we will use this now.
To denote a particular Samskrit alphabet only (that varna only), but not any of its
homogeneous counterparts ( s) normally is used as shown in the
examples.
Example;
1. Sometimes Samskrit varna may mean both short and its
counterpart long also, but to be more specific i.e to indicate only
then is used at the end of the varna like .
mean only short but not any of its counterparts ( s)
.
2. may mean both and , but means only.

3. means only .

4. means only etc.

So with the help of savarna and (taparakarana) or (karapratyaya)

we can get any varna in any fashion.

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Chapter 2

with
Rules of Visarga Sandhi with Katora vyanjanas
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Chapter 2 with
Rules of Visarga Sandhi with Katora vyanjanas
What is a sandhi;
We all know very well that to pronounce a word (noun & verb) every varna
(alphabet) in the word has to be pronounced , that is varna by varna has to be
pronounced , then the word will be pronounced. Similarly by uttering the words
the sentence will be pronounced.

While uttering the words there will be some time gap between the two adjacent
varnas,

When the time gap (that is the closest proximity) between any two adjacent
varnas is not more than half matra, then this time based closest proximity of the
varnas is called Samhita. (Panini sutra Ashtadhyayi - 1/4/109
).

Under this condition of Samhita certain modifications of either of the varnas, that
is succeeding varna or preceding varna or both varnas, will takes place and in
their place a new varna will be uttered. These rules are given in Samskrit
grammar.

The rule of modification of varnas under samhita condition is called Sandhi.

Again the sandhis are compulsory or optional.

i. Inside the word the sandhis are compulsory, that is varnas within a word
should be uttered in such a way, so that the time gap between any two
adjacent varnas should always be not more than half matra. i.e within a
nounword or verbword samhita is compulsory.
Pg12
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Eg ; Third case singular of word is .

+ + Compulsory .

Here both and are together replaced by a single varna .

Here it should be uttered as (devena) only, but not as (deva) and

(ina), because inside the word sandhi is compulsory.

ii. In a sentence the sandhis are optional - In a sentence, between two

adjacent varnas of two adjacent words, that is last varna ( )
of the preceding word and the first varna ( )of succeeding
word, the sandhis are not compulsory, that is the time gap may be or may
not be more than half matra as per the desire of the utterer, i.e. in a
sentence between the words samhita is optional and depends on the
utterer.
Eg.

sandhi rule applied

Here last varna ( Here the first varna (

) of preceding word )of succeeding word.

+

sandhi rule not applied

here in a sentence case, both forms and are correct.

Pg13
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Visarga sandhi.
The (visarga) is denoted by : immediately after a Svara.
Here we are going to study only a few important rules dealing with
modification of under various conditions which are useful for stotra
parayana in general and Vishnu Sahasranama Stotra ( )
in particular . All these rules are based on Asthadhyayi of Maharishi Panini.
Examples of visargas :- , etc.

Examples of visarga rules are given mainly from Vishnu Sahasranama Stotra.
Certain rules are optional () and some are compulsory ( ).

Rules of Visarga Sandhi when follwed by Katora vyanjanas under Samhita

condition.

Rule VK 1:
When a is followed by a consonant ( ) or , then
becomes optionally under Samhita condition. If rule not applied
then original form continues as it is. i.e. under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker
can use whichever he likes.

: + Optionally by rule 1

Note:
Pronounciation of
Jivhamuuliya should be learnt from a teacher.
Example 1:-
rule not applied

Rule applied

Pg 14
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RuleVK 2:
When a is followed by a consonant ( ) or , then
becomes optionally Upadhmaneeya under Samhita
condition. If rule not applied then original form continues as it is. i.e. under samhita
condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes.

: + Optionally by rule 2

Example 1:-
rule not applied

rule applied

Note:
Pronounciation of Upadhmaneya should be learnt from a teacher.

Rule VK 3:
When a is followed by a consonant ( ) or then

becomes compulsorily under Samhita condition.

: + Compulsorily by rule 3 +

Pg15
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Example 1:-

Example 2:-

Example 3:-

RuleVK 4:
When is followed by a consonant ( ) or then

becomes compulsorily under samhita condition.

: + compulsorily by rule 4 +

Example 1 :-

Pg16
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Rule VK 5:
When is followed by a consonant ( ) or then

becomes compulsorily under samhita condition.

: + Compulsorily by rule 5 +

Example 1:-

Example 2 :-

Rule VK 6:
When is followed by a consonant ( ) then remains

visarga compulsorily under samhita condition.

: + Compulsorily by rule 6
: +

Example 1:-

Visarga remains visarga

Pg17
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Summary
1. : follwed by or becomes optionally by Rule VK 1. symbol
2. : follwed by or becomes , optionally by Rule VK2. symbol
3. : follwed by or becomes optionally by Rule VK3.
4. : follwed by or , becomes , optionally by RuleVK 4.
5. : follwed by or becomes optionally by Rule VK5.
6. : follwed by remains visarga only by Rule VK6.

Under
Samhita
Rule visarga Followed by condition comments
Visarga
becomes
or
1 : optional
Jivhamuliya

or
2 : optional
Upadmaneya
or or
3 : compulsory

or or
4 : compulsory

or or
5 : compulsory

6 : : compulsory

Pg18
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Chapter -3.
with &

Visarga Sandhi with Svara & Mrudu vyanjanas
 Page| 20/ 86

Chapter -3.
with &

Visarga Sandhi with Svara & Mrudu vyanjanas

Rules of Visarga Sandhi when follwed by Svaras(vowels) or Mrudu vyanjanas

(soft consonants) under Samhita condition.

Rule MV 1 -
When is preceded by and succeeded by , then all three
becomes one single varna compulsorily, under the samhita condition.

+ : + =

+ : + Compulsorily by rule SM1

ffbysbySM1
preceding succeeding
Avagraha

Example:-
1) + s /.

2) +

pg-20
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Note:
There is like thing immediately after is meant to indicate the loss
of succeeding and the symbol is called in Samskrit.
() only indicates loss of succeeding , but has no role in
pronunciation. So or both are pronounced in the same way and are
valid forms.

Rule MVShort 2 :
When the visarga () is preceded by and succeeded by anyone of the
other than ,( i.e. ) then under samhita
condition optionally, i.e. under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he
likes.

1. visarga() gets replaced by . or

2. visarga() gets LOPA (inaudible/ unheard.) Both forms are valid.
Very important note; Samskrit Vyakaranam (Samskrit grammar) is Sabda Shastram (science of words),
so here when we say that the word (may be a single varna alphabet - or a word) has disappeared, it
simply means that particular word or sound is inaudible/ unheard, i.e. not perceptible to ears.
This inaudibleness of the word which was previously audible is technically called LOPA Ref.
Panini Ashtadhyayi; ,.

First option;

any other than i.e any one

+ : + among the

by rule mvshort2

+ +
First option. Visarga replaced by

pg 21
 Page| 22/ 86

Second option :

+ : + any other than

Compulsorily by rule mvshort2

+ (_) + any other than

Second option; visarga lopa

Example 1:-

is a svara other than

Visarga preceded by

Second option;
visarga lopa = visargas Lopa( = inaudibleness)

First option;.
Visarga replaced by

Both forms are valid under samhita condition, speaker can use whichever he likes. Pg22
 Page| 23/ 86

Rule MVLong 2 :
When the visarga () is preceded by and succeeded by anyone of the
, ( i.e. ) then under samhita condition, optionally
1. visarga() gets replaced by .
2. visarga() gets LOPA (inaudible/ unheard.)
i.e. under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use
whichever he likes.

First option;
any one of the s
+ : +

by rule mvlong2

+ + any one of the s

First option. Visarga replaced by

Second option ;
Any one of the
+ : +

by rule mvlong2

+ (_) + any one of the

Second option; visarga lopa

pg 23
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Example 1:-

is a svara
Visarga preceded by

Second option;
visarga lopa = visargas LOPA ( = inaudibleness)

First option;.
Visarga replaced by

Both forms are valid under samhita condition; speaker can use whichever he likes. Pg24
 Page| 25/ 86

Rule MV Short 3 -
When is preceded by and succeeded by any one of the

(soft consonants = ), then visarga and preceding
together replaced by single varna compulsorily, under the samhita condition.

Rule ; + : +
=any one of the
mrudu vyanjana
by rule mvshort3

& Visarga replaced by +

Example;

Visarga preceded by
Mrudu vyanjana =
Compulsorily by rule mvshort3 soft consonants =
Both Visarga and are replaced by single

pg25
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Rule MV Long 3 -
When is preceded by and succeeded by any one of the

(soft consonants = ), then visarga lopa takes place, that
is visarga gets Lopa (means unheard/ inaudible) compulsorily, under the samhita
condition.
Rule mvlong 3;

+ : +
=any one of the
mrudu vyanjana
Compulsorily by rule mvLong3

+ (_) +

Visarga becomes lopa means totally

inaudible.

Example;

Mrudu vyanjana =
Visarga preceded by soft consonants =
Compulsorily by rule mvlong3
Visarga gets lopa / unheard.

(_)
Visarga lopa /inaudible.
Pg26
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Rule MV 4:
When the is preceded by any one of the svaras () other than or
i.e , , , , , , , , , and succeeded by or
then
the regains its original form ( ) compulsorily, under samhita condition.

Note ; alphabet is called as Repha in Samskrit.

Rule MV 5

Any one of the Svara s other than or Any one of the svaras s or mrudu
. i.e , , , , , , , , , + : + vyanjana

Compulsorily by Rule MV 5

Any one of the Svara s other than or Any one of the svaras s or mrudu
= i.e , , , , , , , , , + + vyanjana

regains its original form ( )

Pg27
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Example:

1
by Rule MV 5

is preceded other than

or

Any one of the svaras s or regains

mrudu vyanjana its original
form ( )

Any one of the svaras s or

mrudu vyanjana

Pg28
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Summary
Rule mv 1
When is preceded by and succeeded by , then all three becomes one single varna
compulsorily, under the samhita condition.
+ : + = s .

Rule mvshort 2
When the visarga () is preceded by and succeeded by any one the other than
,( i.e. ) then optionally, or gets lopa/ unheard.

+:+ any other than + (_) + ( - )

= ( - )

+ + any other than

Rule mvlong 2 :
When the visarga () is preceded by and succeeded by any one the , ( i.e.
) then optionally or gets lopa/ unheard.

+ : + any + (_) + any

+ + any

Rule mvshort 3
When is preceded by and succeeded by any one of the
(soft consonants =
), then visarga and preceding together becomes compulsorily.
+ : + +

Rule mvlong 3 -
When is preceded by and succeeded by any one of the
(soft consonants =
), then compulsorily visarga lopa (means unheard/ inaudible) takes place.
+ : + + (_) +

Pg29
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Rule mv 4:
When the is preceded by any one of the svaras () other than or
i.e , , , , , , , , , and succeeded by any one or
then the regains
its original form ( ) compulsorily.

Any svara other than or + : + or

Any svara other than or + + /

pg 30
 Page| 31/ 86

Rules of Visarga Sandhi with Svara & Mrudu vyanjanas.

Sl.no Visarga Visarga Under Samhita Comments

Preceded by Visarga Succeeded condition Visarga
by becomes

1 : s compulsorily

any Lopa
other than + (_) + ( -) Or
Optionally
=
2 : or
( )
+ + ( - )

Lopa
Or
+ (_) + ( ) Optionally

any
3 : or

= ( )
+ + ( )

4 : + compulsorily

5 : + ( ) +
compulsorily
Lopa

Any other Any or

( - / )
than or

= = or +
6 ( - / ) : compulsorily
+
( or )

Pg31
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chapter 4
Some rules:
Some Anusvara sandhi rules
 Page| 33/ 86

Rules of

The (Anusvara) is denoted by on the top of the svara and they come
immediately after a Svara.
Here we are going to study only a few important rules dealing with formation
and modification of under various conditions which are useful for stotra
parayana in general and Vishnu Sahasranama Stotra ( )
in particular . All these rules are based on Asthadhyayi of Maharishi Panini.
Certain rules are optional () and some are compulsory ( ).
Examples of Anusvaras:-
, .
Examples of Anusvara rules are given mainly from Vishnu Sahasranama Stotra.

Formation of Anusvara
Generally is obtained from the varna (= ) and varna ()
under specific conditions. Here we are going to study only anusvara obtained
from under following condition.

RuIe AN 1 ;
If varna (= ) is the final letter of a (word), then that final is
called .
If is followed by any one of the (consonant = ) then
becomes Anusvara ( ) compulsorily, under samhita
conditions.

+ any one of the

compulsorily by rule 1

replaced by anusvara.

+
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Example:
1.

Compulsorily by rule 1
All these four s are followed by not followed by vyanjana, so
vyanjana, so replaced by anusvara. remains as it it.

Here the . of the word is followed by a

, so compulsorily gets replaced by
. Similarly
in
also.

Whereas the . of the word is not followed by a

so remains as it is.

Note:
1. This is a compulsory rule, so
.. is wrong, it
should be always .
2. Here the word is right and should not be written as
.

Pg34
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Non formation of Anusvaras

The remains as it is and does not become Anusvara,
under the following two conditions.

Rule AN 2a:
a) If is followed by any , then
remains as it is
+ anyone of the s =

By rule an2a no change

+ anyone of the s =

Example ; 1. +

Padanata followed by By rule an2a no change

svara

2.

Pg35
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Rule AN 2b:
b) If is not followed by any varna, i.e. followed by
. This is possible when is at the end of a
sentence.

Avasanam this is a technical term in Samskrit

grammar, means absence of a varna (alphabet), this being the
sabda shastram(science of words) here absence means
, Which means absence of speech. Normally
after the end of the sentence there will be Avasanam.

+ Avasanam

absence of a varna (alphabet)

By rule an2b no change

+ Avasanam

Example:
1. + +
Absence of a Varna. Avasanam.

By rule an2b no change,

because at the end of the sentence.

2. + + O rule an2b +

Avasanam
Pg36
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Note;
1. Here the word is right and should not be written as .
2. Similary the word is right and should not be written as .

Modification of Anusvaras when followed by Vyanjanas.

We have seen how Anusvara is obtained from rule AN1, now we will study its
transformation under various conditons.

Rule 3AN:
The general rule is, if the
is followed by any one of the varnas of the
five vargas i.e. , , , , , then under samhita condition,
Anusvara will be replaced by fifth letter (anunasika = ) of the corresponding
vargas optionally. If not replaced, then the original form continues. i.e. under
samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes.

The Anunasika varnas of each vargas i.e. are the savarnas-

homogeneous counterparts- of Anusvara.

Rule 3AN1 ;
If
(padanta anuswara) is followed by any one of the varnas of
(i.e. , , , , ) then
optionally becomes , under samhita condition.

any one of the varnas

+ of =
Optionally by rule 3an1
+

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Example: 1.

Rule 3AN1 applied

Rule not applied

Example: 2.

Rule 3AN1 applied

Rule not applied

under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes .
Pg38
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Rule 3AN2 ;
If
(padanta anuswara) is followed by any one of the varnas of
( i.e. , , , , ) then
optionally becomes , under samhita
condition.

any one of the varnas

+ of =
Optionally by rule 3an2
+

Example: 1.

Rule 3AN2 applied

Rule not applied

Example: 2.
Rule 3AN2 applied

Rule not applied

under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes.
Pg39
 Page| 40/ 86

Rule 3AN3 ;
If
(padanta anuswara) is followed by any one of the varnas of
( i.e. ) then
optionally becomes , under samhita condition.

any one of the varnas

+ of =
Optionally by rule 3an3
+

Example: 1

Rule 3AN3 applied

Rule not applied

Example: 2

Rule 3AN3 applied

Rule not applied

under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes.
Pg40
 Page| 41/ 86

Rule 3AN4 ;
If
(padanta anuswara) is followed by any one of the varnas of
(i.e. ) then
optionally becomes , under samhita condition.

any one of the varnas

+
Optionally by rule 3an4
+ of =

Example: 1

Rule 3AN4 applied

Rule not applied

Example: 2

Rule 3AN4 applied

Rule not applied

under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes.
Pg41
 Page| 42/ 86

Rule 3AN5 ;
If
(padanta anuswara) is followed by any one of the varnas of
(i.e. ) then
optionally becomes , under samhita condition.

any one of the varnas

+ of =
Optionally by rule 3an5 +

Example:1

Rule 3AN5 applied

Rule not applied

Example: 2
Rule 3AN5 applied

Rule not applied

under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes.
Pg42
 Page| 43/ 86

Rule 3AN6 ;

If
(padanta anuswara) is followed by varna (=) then

optionally becomes (=
) under samhita condition.

+ (=) Optionally by rule 3an6 +

Example:1

Rule 3AN6 applied

Rule not applied

Example:2

Rule 3AN6 applied

Rule not applied

under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes.
Pg43
 Page| 44/ 86

Rule 3AN7 ;

If
(padanta anuswara) is followed by varna (=) then

optionally becomes (=
) under samhita condition.

+ (=)
Optionally by rule 3an7 +

Example: 1

Rule 3AN7 applied

Rule not applied

Example: 2

Rule 3AN7 applied

Rule not applied

under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes.
Pg44
 Page| 45/ 86

Rule 3AN8 ;

If
(padanta anuswara) is followed by varna (=) then

optionally becomes (= ) under samhita condition.

+ (=) Optionally by rule 3an7 +

Example: 1

Rule 3AN8 applied

Rule not applied

Example: 2
Rule 3AN8 applied

Rule not applied

under samhita condition both forms are valid, speaker can use whichever he likes.
Pg45
 Page| 46/ 86

Non modification of Anusvara.

Rule 4AN ;
If
(padanta anuswara) is followed by anyone of these five varnas i.e.
(= ) or then
remains unchanged under samhita condition.

Anyone of the five Anyone of the five

+ varnas viz. No change by rule 4an + varnas viz.
(= ) or (= ) or

Examples:

anusvara followed by

No change in Anusvara
Anusvara

anusvara followed by

anusvara followed by

anusvara followed by

anusvara followed by

Pg46
 Page| 47/ 86

Anusvara sandhi rules

Summary ;

1. followed by becomes Anusvara compulsorily see rule an1. Symbol

2. followed by svaras /Avasanam remains as it is. see rulean2a &b

3. Padanta Anusvara followed by optionally becomes , see rule an31

4. Padanta Anusvara followed by optionally becomes see rule an32

5. Padanta Anusvara followed by optionally becomes see rule an33

6. Padanta Anusvara followed by optionally becomes , see rule an34

7. Padanta Anusvara followed by optionally becomes see rule an35

8. Padanta Anusvara followed by optionally becomes see rule an36

9. Padanta Anusvara followed by optionally becomes see rule an37

10. Padanta Anusvara followed by optionally becomes see rule an38

11. Padanta Anusvara followed by any one of these five varnas , , , , . Anusvara
remains as it is. See rule 4an.

Anusvara formation rules Table 1

1 Followed by
(= ) compulsory

2 Followed by
No
Svaras Anusvara
or Avasanam
Pg47
 Page| 48/ 86

Anusvara sandhi rules Table2

Sl. Padanta Followed by Under Samhita Comments
Anusvara condition
no Anusvara
becomes

1 optionally

2 optionally

3 optionally

4 optionally

5 optionally

6 optionally

7 optionally

8 optionally

9 Any one of ,
No change
, , ,

Pg 48
 Page| 49/ 86

Chapter -6.
Miscellaneous sandhis
Sandhis were vyanjanas will become either katora vyanjanas or mrudu
vyanjanas.
 Page| 50/ 86

Pratyaharas () , , , etc. are called Pratyaharas.

Before we start to explain a few miscellaneous sandhi rules, please learn these
pratyaharas which are obtained from maheswara sutras.

(1) All the Svaras are called as

(2) All the Vyanjanas are called as and this = +
(3) All the Katora Vyanjanas are called as
(4) All the Mrudu Vyanjanas are called as
(5) Ushmavarnas are called as
(6) Anthasthas are called as

(7) The 1st vyanjanas of all the vargas i.e. are called
(8) The 3rd vyanjanas of all the vargas i.e. are called
(9) The 3rd & 4th vyanjanas of all the vargas i.e.
are called
(10) The Vyanjanas of all the five Vargas i.e. sans
their Anunasikas (5th letter of each vargas) = 20 vyanjanasa and (= ) =
4Varnas together called as

(11) means all the varnas, = + .

(12) means along with its Savarnas i.e. both & etc. similarly with
other varnas also.
(13) means only, does not include its savarnas. similarly with other
varnas also. Eg; means only .
(14) means only , similarly with other varnas also. eg; means only

(15) means all the five varnas . similarly with other

vargas also. eg; means only pg50
 Page| 51/ 86

Now we are going to teach you a few sandhis were vyanjanas will become
either Katora vyanjanas or Mrudu vyanjanas under various conditions. As usual
these rules are based on Maharishi Paninis Ashtadhyayi.

Rule GS 1;
If any one of the varna is followed by any one of the varna , then
varna will be replaced by a single varna of of the corresponding vargas
compulsorily , under samhita condition,

Anyone of the Anyone of the of

+ Compulsorily by +
varnas of varna of ruleGS1. corresponding
vargas

Example;

Compulsorily by Rule GS 1

Replaced by

Note ; observe, in the example we have replaced

varna by varna when followed by varna .
varna by varna when followed by varna .

Here varna selected for is and for is , the criteria used for the selection
among the five (= ) is its Savarna Varna, varnas corresponding
pg51
 Page| 52/ 86

savarna is its vargas varna in , because for a given vyanjana all its other four
varnas of its vargas are Mutually Savarnas. So common varga varna is the savarna
varna of any vyanjanas.

Rule GS 2;

If any one of the varna is followed by any one of the varna, then
varna will be replaced by a single varna of of the corresponding vargas
compulsorily , under samhita condition,

Anyone of the Anyone of the of

+ Compulsorily by +
varnas of varna of ruleGS1. corresponding
vargas

Example;

Compulsorily by Rule GS 1

Replaced by

pg52
 Page| 53/ 86

Note; please observe, in the example we have replaced

varna is replaced by varna , when followed by varna .
Here varna selected for is the criteria used for the selection among
the five (= ) is its Savarna Varna. and are of same
varga, hence savarna varna.

Rule GS 3;

If varna is the final varna of a (word), then that final is called

.

The varna will always be replaced by a single savarna varna of

compulsorily , when followed by either Svaras( = ) or Anthasthas ( )
or .
under samhita condition,

Anyone of the Anyone of the Anyone of the
+ +
varna or
Compulsorily by
varna or
of
ruleGS1.

or .
corresponding
varna
vargas

Example;
1.

follwed by
Compulsorily by Rule GS 1

Replaced by

pg53
 Page| 54/ 86

2.

follwed by

Note ; observe, in the example we have replaced by savarnas.

varna by varna when followed by
varna by varna when followed by

Rule GS 4;

If varna is the final varna of a (word), then that final is called

.
The varna be optionally replaced by a single savarna varna of
or when followed by Avasanam (absence of varnas,
means pause in the sentence, also see page 36 for details). Both forms are valid,
speaker can use whichever he likes

Anyone of the

+ avasa
-nam
varna

Optionally

of + Avsanam of + Avsanam
corresponding corresponding
vargas. vargas.

pg54
 Page| 55/ 86

Example;

1.
+

Here is at end of the sloka,

so followed by avasana.

.
.

Note; observe, in the example we have replaced by savarnas.

varna by varna when followed by avasana.
varna by varna when followed by avasana.

2. +

varna by varna when followed by avasana.

varna by varna when followed by avasana.
pg55
 Page| 56/ 86

1. followed by , then becomes compulsorily by rule gs1.

2. followed by , then becomes compulsorily by rule gs2.

3. followed by svaras or ( ) or . Then becomes

compulsorily by rule gs3.

4. followed by Avasanam then becomes or optionally by rule gs4.

Under
Samhita
Rule This varna Followed by comments
condition
becomes

1 compulsory

2 compulsory

or
3 compulsory
or

4 Avasanam
optional

pg56
 Page| 57/ 86

chapter 7

AnushtupChandas
 Page| 58/ 86

Chandas means poetic metre or Prosody, due to which the sentences sounds
will be rhythmic and enchanting.

The science of Prosody is called (chandas shastram) and is one of the

six limbs of Vedas. Pingalas chandas shastram is the basic source for this
shastram.

The Prosodies are broadly divided into two, viz.

Vedic metres( ) pertaining to Vedas

Non Vedic metres ( ) pertaining to Regular literature.

Here we are going to explain most popular Anushtup Chandas ( ) which

is a

Note ; The name of chandas is Anushthub, it becomes Anushtup

Chandas(see rulegs2) in compound word () due to compounding (samasa) of two.
.words.

Types of Varnas ;

For the purpose of prosody the alphabets are divided into Laghu And
Guru .

We are already familiar with the - short vowels, long

vowels and Vyanjanas s.
Laghu ;
and ,
The time of pronounciation all short vowels is 1 matra and they are called laghu
alphabets in chandas shastram.
Pg 58
 Page| 59/ 86

Guru;
The time of pronunciation of all long vowels is 2 matra .

The following alphabets are considered as Guru under following conditons.

, .
1. long vowels, eg. , . is considered as guru.
2.
svaras with anusvaras. eg ; , is considered as guru.
3. svaras with visargas. eg; is considered as guru.
4.
svaras followed by
conjunct consonants. Eg;

here in the is followed a conjunct consonant, so is
considered as guru though .
5. svaras at the end of pada of sloka can be considered as
optionally Laghu as Guru or Guru as Laghu as per the requirement of
the Prosody.

Anushthub also called as .

The Sloka in . consists of 32 alphabets() with four quarters called

pada (), each quarter() consists of 8 alphabets(), the is

defined by sloka given below.

,
,
If the 5th alphabet is laghu in all the four padas.
6th alphabet is Guru in all the four padas.
7th alphabet is laghu in 2nd and 4th padas.
and 7th alphabet is guru in 1st and 3rd padas.
Then chandas of the sloka is Anushthub.
Pg59
 Page| 60/ 86

Eg; 1.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1st pada

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2nd pada

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 3rd pada

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4th pada

6th letters -
5th letters - all laghu all guru. 7th letter of 1st and 3rd padas are guru.
7th letter of 2nd and 4th padas are laghu.

Example 2

,
|
,

Pg60
 Page| 61/ 86

Section 2
chapter 1


Sri Vishnu sahasranama stotram
 Page| 62/ 86

Here a unique attempt is made to give Sri Vishnusahasranama Stotram as per the rules of sandhis and
chandas both for learning and to gain expertise for different level of students and also this is a material
for teachers who are teaching stotram.
Here we have given three types of Sri Vishnusahasranama Stotram Patas ( = readings), they are

1. ( ) Samhita pata1 assuming an

Avasanam (= pause ) in the sentence at the end of every pada of the sloka i.e. at the end of each
eight letter of slokas. So there will be four pauses in the sloka, first after eight letter, second
after sixteenth letter, third after twenty fourth letter and finally fourth after thirty-second letter
i.e. after the end of sloka. In this pata complex sandhi rules are avoided for easy learning. This
will be useful for learners.
2. ( ) Samhita pata assuming
an Avasanam (= pause ) in the sentence at the end of every line of the sloka i.e. at the end of
each sixteenth letter of sloka. So there will be a Two pauses in the sloka, first after sixteenth
letter i.e. at the end of the first line of sloka, and finally after thirty second letter i.e. after the
end of sloka. In this paata complex sandhis rules are used . This will be useful for advanced
learners.
3. Pada pata2 is also given separately
after Vishnusahasranama Stotram. This is given to help the student to know all thousand names
perfectly and also helps to learn those slokas which were difficult to pronounce and learn from
samhita pata.

Note; 1. Samhita pata This is a most popular type of reading where the
stotram is read with all sandhi rules under samhita condition and reading is paused only
at proper places as per rules. For meaning of samhita see page 21.
2. Pada pata - Pada pata is a type of reading were each and every Padam
(words = both nouns and verbs) are given individually, that is with padaviccheda ( )
and without making any sandhi (i.e. ) with the succeeding padams (words) i.e. under
non samhita condition.
Def.given in katyayanas pratishakya sutras. ( )

Pg62
 Page| 63/ 86

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 Page| 64/ 86

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 Page| 65/ 86

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 Page| 66/ 86

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This is the first name of Bhagavan Vishnu. From here
This is the first name of Bhagavan Vishnu.From here
begins sahasranamam.
begins sahasranamam

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 Page| 67/ 86

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 Page| 68/ 86

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 Page| 69/ 86

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 Page| 70/ 86

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 Page| 72/ 86

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This is the 1000th name of Bhagavan This is the 1000th name of Bhagavan
Vishnu. Here ends the sahasranamam. Vishnu. Here ends the sahasranamam.

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 Page| 73/ 86

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 Page| 74/ 86

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is a single word should be uttered
without pause, so this line should be uttered without pause.

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is a single word
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 Page| 75/ 86

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With this sloka22 Sahasranama in mahabharata ends, from next sloka i.e. sloka23 onwards to
sloka 32 is not compulsory, you can directly chant sloka 33 and complete the parayanam.

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 Page| 83/ 86

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 Page| 84/ 86

Glossary;

1. Aichika () Optional rules,see page 14

2. Anthasthas -- , see page5
3. Anushthub (also Anushtup Chandas ) name of a
chandas, see page 58.
4. Anusvaara
is , see page5.
5. Ashtadhyayi () - An authoritative book on Samskrit Grammar
written by Maharishi Panini
6. Avasanam means absence of a varna (alphabet), here absence
means , Which means absence of speech. Normally after
the end of the sentence there will be Avasanam. In English this is also called
as pause, see page 36.
7. Chandas = means poetic metre or Prosody, due to which the
sentences sounds will be rhythmic and enchanting, see page 58.
8. Guru; All long vowels, Svaras with anusvaras. Svaras with visargas.
Svaras followed by
conjunct consonants are Guru varnas. Also
Laghu svaras at the end of pada of a sloka can be considered optionally as
Guru, see page 59.
9. Jivhamuuliya
is or , see page5

10.Karapratyaya , see page 10.

11.Kahora-vyanjana (-) -- Hard consonants. see page6
12. Laghu , All short vowels are called laghu alphabets in chandas
shastram, see page 58.
13.Long vowel - see page5
 Page| 85/ 86

14.Lopa ; The inaudibleness of the word which was previously audible is

technically called Lopa see page 21.
15.Mrudu vyanjana (
- ) --Soft consonants. Also see page6
16.Nitya () compulsory rules, see page 14
17. Pada pata. See page 62.
18.Pratyaharas () , , , etc. are called Pratyaharas,
see page 50.
19.Samhita When the time gap (that is the closest proximity) between
any two adjacent varnas is not more than half matra, then this time based
closest proximity of the varnas is called Samhita, See page 12.
20.Samhita pata see page62.
21.Sandhi The rule of modification of varnas under samhita condition
is called Sandhi. See page 12
22.Savarna varnas ( varnas) two varnas which are homogenous
counterparts to each other. See page 8.
23.Short vowel - - see page5
24.Swara ( plural form) means vowels, see page 4&5.
25.Taparakarana , see page 9.
26.Upadhmaneeya is or , also see page5

27.Ushmavarnas . -- , see page5

28.Varnas means alphabets in Samskrit ( plural form) see page 4.
29.Visarga - is , see page5.
 Page| 86/ 86

About the author-

Sri Srinivas Swamiji is a Hindu Saint, a Spiritual seeker and a Teacher of
Advaita Vedanta, Darshanas and Samskrit.

He started his spiritual life from a very young age by getting inspired from the life and
teachings of Bhagavan Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananada.

He is very actively purusing spiritual life for past twenty five years as per the Advaitic
tradition of Upanishads as expounded by Bhagavatpada Sri Shankaracharya.

He is also teaching Advaita Vedanta, Bhagavad geeta, Shankara bhashyas traditonally

along with Samskrit language, Panini sutras and Darshanas.

Apart from teaching, he is also guiding people in Spiritual, Religious, Social matters and
also does Samaja seva- social service.etc.

In Rishikesh, he Studied Shashtras, Samskrit language, Panini Vyakarana and Shankara

bhasyas in Arsha vidya Gurukulam(also known as Swami Dayananda Ashram on the banks of
River Ganga),from Acharya Sri Swami Sakshatkritanandaji which is founded by world renowned
Hindu Religious leader Parama Poojya Sri Swami Dayananda saraswati. Here along with studies
he was also actively teaching Samskrit along with his Tapasya, Sadhana and Guruseva.

He has also studied in Kashi. In Kashi with the blessings of Bhagavan Vishwanatha and
Mother Annapurana, he studied Shastras from great Scholars and also did sadhanas and
teaching, here he stayed for nearly three years. He has also learned shastras from different
scholar in many places of our country.

Apart from his shastra Adhyanam and teaching, he has also spent a lot of time in Tapasya
and Sadhanas in different parts of our country viz. Himalayas, on the banks of river Ganga
Narmada etc.

At present, He is teaching shastras for many seekers without any discrimination of caste,
religion and sex etc. to create a healthy Global citizens in this era of Globalisation for the
Universal Peace and Prosperity and also to Protect, Preserve and Propagate Santana Dhrama
Hinduism through shastra teaching, sadhana, and service for a better world.