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EQUILIBRIUM OF RIGID
BODY
Standard Competency
Apply the concept and principle of classical mechanics of continuum
system by problem solving
Base Competency
Formulate the relation of torsion concept, angular momentum and
moment inertia base on Newtons II Law and their application in
rigid body problem
Learning Objectives
1 Formulate the effect of torsion in an object related to its
rotational motion
2 Reveal the analogy of Newtons II law about translational and
rotational motions
3 Using the concept of moment of inertia for several shapes of
rigid body
4 Formulate the conservative law of angular momentum on
rotational motion
5 Apply the concept of the center of mass of an object in daily
life
6 Analyze the rotational dynamic of rigid body for several
situations
7 Show the ability of psychomotoric and in experiment groups
References:
[1] John D Cutnell and Kenneth W. Johnson (2002). Physics 5th Ed
with Compliments. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp. 212-248
[2] Sunardi dan Etsa Indra Irawan (2007). Fisika Bilingual SMA/MA
untuk SMA/MA Kelas X. CV Yrama Widya pp. 255-298
ROTATIONAL VARIABLES
s
s=r ; v = ; =
t t
r
v = v =r
t
s
s=r ; v = ; =
t t
r
v = v =r ; =
t t
v r
a= a=
t t
x = (vo + v)t = (o + )t
x = vo t + at2 = o t + t2
v2 = vo2 + 2 a x 2 = o2 + 2
Torque Equation
Body Equilibrium
Its a condition of a body (an object) which still remain as
in initial condition after external forces applied vanished.
Rigid Body
A characteristic of an object when one or more forces
apply, it will remain as it was (no volume or shape
change)
Equilibrium
An object is in equilibrium if the linear momentum of its
center of mass is constant and if its angular momentum about
its center of mass is constant:
p = constant
L = constant
and therefore
In obtaining this result we have assumed that the
gravitational acceleration is the same for every point of
the body. The net torque acting on the body is given by
and therefore
Example
Answer
For the system to be in equilibrium, the net force and net
torque must be zero.
Here we have replaced the force acting on the beam with a
single force acting on its center of gravity. The net torque of
the system, with respect to the left scale, is
Example
A ladder with length
L and mass m rests
against a wall. Its
upper end is a
distance h above the
ground. The center
of gravity of the
ladder is one-third of
the way up the
ladder.
A firefighter with
mass M climbs
halfway up the
ladder. Assume that
the wall, but not the ground, is frictionless. What is the force
exerted on the ladder by the wall and by the ground ?
Answer
The wall exerts a horizontal force FW on the ladder (the
normal force); it exerts no vertical force. The ground exerts a
force Fg on the ladder with a horizontal component Fgx and a
vertical component Fgy.
and
and
or
Stacking Blocks
The two forces acting on the top brick are the gravitational
force Fg and the normal force N, exerted by the bottom brick
on the top brick. Both forces are directed along the y-axis.
Since the system is in equilibrium, the net force acting along
the y-axis must be zero. We conclude that
The torque of the normal force and the gravitational force
with respect to O is given by
or