120 THE EARTH REVIEW.
expanse extending from earth to th e distant heights in which the
heavenly bodies are placed. R ecent discoveries lead to the supposition
of some subtle fluid m edium in which they move. If, as we presame,
D r. G eikie refers to the etheieal medium, which is supposed to fill
space and also the spaces betw een the m inute particles of all bodies,
his ignorance of th e several states of m atter does indeed evidence a
zeal not according to know ledge. B ut surely he knows, or should
know, that to the H ebrew of old, as to the G reek of H o m ers time, and
to th e Polynesian of to-day, th e firm am ent was a solid dome, an d no
ether-filled expanse in which the stars perform their m ovements. . . .
D r. G eikie represents a class o f fretful, uneasy-m inded expositors,
who trem ble lest the theory of the inspiration of scripture should be
upset by the non-confirm ation of its scientific, historical, an d topo
graphical statem ents by m odern research. W hy this feverish anxiety
to harm onise th e nebular hypothesis with the first verse of the Book of
Genesis, and the reference to A ccad with the pre-Babylonian civilisa
tion ? . . . . H e hastens to contend th at in any case the book
as it stands is to us the very word of God, speaking as only H e could,
through H is servants, to m ankind. I t seems well-nigh incredible that
with the latest translations of th e Assyrian and Babylonian tablets
before him, and with the consensus of all com petent scholars as to
these recording the cosmical legends whence those of G enesis are
derived (?) that a writer professing to illum inate the Bible by modern
light, can place him self in such an impasse....................... B ut our chief
com plaint against this book is its lack of straightforwardness. I t Is an
evasive com m entary. E very crucial question is clouded in ink, after
the m anner of th e retreating cuttle-fish. T h e chapters on A dam and
E ve and their descendants, an d on the Flood, are filled with a mass of
interesting but irrelevant talk........................ A few cheap rhetorical
phrases about that terrible an d all-destructive visitation which the
condition o f things am ong m ankind drew down as awful
punishm ent, are followed by discussions on the size of the ark, and the
volcanic com m otion th at might have brought about the catastrophe.
N ow here does Dr. G eikie com e to close quarters with th e difficulty of
reconciling the legend of m ans special creation with the dem onstration
of biology as to his unbroken descent with m odification from lower
forms (!) or the legend of his paradisaical state with the evidence
supplied from every habitable part of the globe (!) as to his primitive
savagery ; or the legend of a flood with the geological arguments
there against, to say nothing of the grave ethical aspects of the question.
Such m ethods as these, while confirming no m an in th e faith, and
convincing no sceptic, moreover, do great injustice to the Bible. For
they obscure its real value as a record of ancient speculations (Oh !)
into the causes of things corresponding to those of other peoples than
the H ebrew s. t he D a ily Chronicle, Oct. i-jth, i8 ^ j.
J
- NOT A GLOBE -
To Him that stretched out the Earth above the W aters; fo r His mercy
endureth for ever. Psa. 1 3 6 : 6 .
No. 6. M A R C H , 1894. P r ic k 2 d.
THE SUN STANDING STILL.
(Continued).
THE LATEST EXPOSITION.
But our readers will naturally b e anxious to know w hat is the final
explanation given by th e writer in question, who acknowledges that
he had previously been utterly bew ilded with every attem pt either to
explain th e miracle, or to explain it away. W e shall let him speak for
himself. H e says
I have now a iiit h tib w to lay before youj which appears to be both rational
and simple. . . . My 6 eS e/is this : Joshua and his men having walked
all night, as the 9th verse tells ns, would be tired next morning, but God
caused a great trembling to spread itself amongst the foe, and there was an
easy victory. When the war had pursued the Amorites some distance, hail
stones fell upon them and did much damage. A t the approach to Beth-
horon the hailstorm increased in fu ry ; and Joshua, seeing the devastation
produced, and being cognisant of the fatigue of his men, prayed Heaven to let
the hurricane go on till total and irreparable disaster was inflicted.
We refrain from saying all we th in k about this so-called explana
tion, as the writer is evidently b o th sincere an d d e v o u t; an d he says
that it flashed across my m ind m any years ago, when I was on my
knees. B ut we think it doom ed to th e same failure as th e rest, and
and for sim ilar re a so n s; it is not tru e to the sacred narrative. I t re
minds us of w hat th e editor of th e D a ily Chronicle said of Dr. G eikies
book, The Bible by Modern Li%ht. H e m akes assertions which have
the charm of novelty, b ut also th e vice of inaccuracy. (See fuller re
marks from the D . C. in an o th er page). T his is th e case with the pres
ent attem pt. W e have no record th at Joshua prayed H eaven to let
the hurricane go on. T his is an assertion, n o t of th e narrator, b ut of
the expositor. Jo sh u a prayed for the sun to stand still. not for the
hailstorm to proceed, an d we are to ld th a t there was no day like that,
before it or after it, th a t the L o r d hearkened unto th e voice of a man
for the L o r d fought for Israel. But to g et rid of this fact our exposi
tor s a y s;
 122 THE EARTH REVIEW.
" The chapter (10th of Joshua) is made up of two accoonts, the one historical
the other poetical. The poetical extends from the 12th to the 15th verse.
The rest is historical.
T his is oracular an d a u th o rita tiv e ! Mr. H ow ard com es back
after all to a Poetical Theory" although such a theory was
th e first one he so conclusively rejected. T h is only proves the
im possibility o f explaining th e account in harm ony w ith modern
science on any theory. In short the narrative needs no explanation in
itself; IT ONLY NEEDS BELIEVING ! A nd, as all m en have n o t faith,
let anyone of those w ithout try to prove, if he can, th a t th e account is
not in harm ony with th e facts of N ature. T his would b e straight for
w ard an d rea so n ab le; b u t to wrest the Scriptures, to twist an d torture
their language until it is m ade to m ean anything th e w riter wishes, is
neither strictly honest nor truly scientific. T h e very attem p t to do so
only serves to shew th e unconscious influence an d injurious effect
m odern astronom y has h ad on th e m inds of otherw ise good a n d honest
searchers after truth. O nly let th e incubus of this superstition (and we
use the w ord superstition advisedly as o f som ething standing above, or
outside, natural facts) only let this incubus be rem oved from their minds,
an d th e skill such writers m anifest m ight do cred it to th e expository
science they a ffe c t; b u t while th eir m inds are, consciously or uncon
sciously, enchained by th e tram m els of a false philosophy, imposed
upon them while they were too young to question it, they will n o t only
wrest the Scriptures, as they do, b u t w rithe as it were in th e meshes
o f a critical snare evidently laid for us by th e A rch D eceiver of man
kind. W e have need to pray th at our m inds, an d ,th a t th e m inds of our
M inisters, may be delivered from this snare of th e fowler. The night. T his appears from his further rem arks. H e says \
miracle u nder consideration shews th a t G od hears prayer, an d answers
i t ; but when H e does H e never flashes ideas or interpretations across
the m ind which are o ut of harm ony with the general statem ents of that
D ivine Cosm ogony revealed in his H o ly W ord.
" T o th e Law and to th e T estim ony ; if they speak n o t according to
this W ord, it is because there is no light in them . Isa. 8 : 20.
J o sh u a C orrected.
Before concluding our paper let us briefly consider th e validity of
some of the reasons given for this novel interpretation. Firstly, the
em ploym ent of a hailstorm was a m eans already in operation, an d in
every way capable of securing th e en d in contem plation. T his is so
utterly beside th e question th at we dism iss it at once. W e m ight deny
the hailstorm itself on such flimsey grounds. Secondly, we are told that
the language of the inspired penm an suits this theory, a n d no other !
W e will content ourselves with putting a n o te of exclam ation after that!
r THE SUN STANDING STILL
T h en I t is poetical, an d all poets are allowed som e latitude in thdir
123
descriptions. O ur expositor o u g h t'to be a poet of no m ean standing
for he evidently claim s a poets privilege ! H e says th e account is ex
tracted from th e B ook of Jasher, which seem s to have been m ade up of
martial odes, in ten d ed to develop patriotism an d faith in G od. I f
j^Ir. H ow ard h ad n ot prefixed th e title R ev . to his nam e, a title which
his M aster has practically forbidden (M att. 2 3 : 8 vs.) we m ight have
thought this th e suggestion o f a sceptic, th a t faith in G od could be
developed by th e poetical recounting of a false miracle ! B ut suppos
ing th at M r. H s bare assertion th a t th e poetical portion extends from
the 12th to th e 15th verse were true, w hat has h e already told us re
specting th e genius of H ebrew poetry ?
I have sought all through the Bible and have not discovered one instance of
a natural event being exalted into a miracle by any of its bards. Great occur
re n c e s -which are wonderful in themselves are greatly adorned, but left free
from all miraculous elements.....................This enquiry into the veracity of
Hebrew poetry has amazed memade me feel how, contrary to the general
view, in all their highest inspirations, the Bible bards kept a clear eye on sober
a remark, I think, which applies to the poets of no other nation.
T hus his own words are sufficient to answer th e supposition th a t the
account in question is a poetical figment. B ut we do n ot adm it
that three verses are poetical. T h ey seem to us ju st as historical as th e
rest of th e chapter, a n d ancient Israel believed them to b e so. W e
believe th a t Mr. H . would never have objected to them as equally
historical with th e rest of th e ch ap ter were it n ot for th e absurd idea
that we are living on a vast globe, tu rning us all head over heels
once every twenty-four hours, an d so alternately bringing day and
The first remark I have to make upon these words, as here rendered, is that
if the prayer had been answered the day would not have been lengthened. To
lengthen the day the mrt'h must either slow in her rotatory motion or stop it
altogether; and Joshua, had he wanted more hours of light, should have said,
E a k t h pause in thy revolution upon thy axis, or go slower. Thus you see
our Versions take all the meaning out of Joshuas iprayer. Our Yizm shows
its point and beauty.
T his would really b e am using to Z etetics if th e m atter were n ot
otherwise so serious, an d th e writer evidently so earnest. H e calls
poetry, H ebrew , an d astronom y all to his aid. H e says th a t th e H ebrew
word dom never m eans to stand still. I t may n o t b e again so trans
lated, n o t exactly, an d yet it m ay have this m eaning. W e th in k it has.
The root w ord is damam. T h e writer adm its it is once translated
tarry i Sam. 1 4 :9 . A though th e word som etim es may b e rendered
he silent, this passage clearly shews it also m eans to stand still. I t reads,
If they say u nto us, T a rry {damam) until we com e to you, then we will
 124 THE EARTH EEVIEW.
stand still (am ad) in our place. T his latter word am ad is th e very
H ebrew term used in H ab . 3 :1 1 , which again speaks of th e sun stand
ing s t i l l ! Is this wrong also ? W e have faith in th e translators to
believe th a t they understood H ebrew as well, if n o t better, th an the
w rite r; and they, while giving various shades of m eaning in th e margin,
give unm istakably th e right m eaning in th e text, Sun stand thou still''
for we read th e sun stood still (am ad) in th e m idst of heaven. v. 13.
Mr. H . says th e latter term m eans to rise up. But it can n ot m ean this
only, for P arkhurst gives th e primE.ry m eanings, To stand, stand stilly
stay, rem ain' T h is H eb rew L exicographer also says th a t T he
Seventy generally render th e verb by istemi to stand, an d its com
pounds. As it may interest th e read er we will give th e translation
from th e Septuagint, shewing, how ancient G reek translators, untram
m elled by m odern astronom ical theories, understood this passage ;
Then Joshua spoke to the Lord, in the day in which the Lord delivered the
Amorite into the power of Israel, when He destroyed them in Qabaon, and
they were destroyed from before the children of Israel. And Joshua said. Let
the sun stand over against Gabaon, and the moon over against the valley of
of Aelon. And the sun and the moon sfood still, until Grod executed vengeance
on their enemies.
Italics of course are ours. T h o se who wish to pursue this point
further will find th e sam e H ebrew word {am ad) translated stand still,
or its equivalent, in th e following passages j Josh. 3 : 8 , i 7 ; i o : i 3 ;
and I I ; 1 3 ; I Sam. 14 . 9 ; and 2 Sam. 2 ; 23 an d 28 j & c .; as also in
th e rem arkable passage referred to in H ab . 3 : 1 1 . I t plainly appears,
therefore, unless th e translators d id n ot un d erstan d H ebrew , th at stood
still is a correct and frequent translation of a m a d ; an d doubtless it
never w ould have been called into question as applied to the sun were
it not for th e baseless theories o f m odern astronom y. T h ese are at the
bottom of the w hole contention. T h e passage had to be harm onized
w ith a philosophical, or rath er an philosophical, th e o ry ; so th e trans
lation m ust be altered to s u i t ! As Mr. H . rem arks ;
When once a theory takes holds it grows apace and wields a power over
future ages that is seen in expositions, annotations, and translations . . .
till the original modicum of truth is distorted or lost in the process.
A nd again, we quote w ith ap p ro v a l;
' The Bible itself will have to be studied anew in its own lig h t; and when this
is done, and we get back to its grand and simple truths unmixed with false
views from extraneous sources, we shall be delighted with what it is and what
it has to tell us.
T his is good advice, if followed. A nd am ongst th e grand and
sim ple truths of the Bible will be found th a t th e sun has m otion (Psa.
19 :4 ) j that the earth ( or land) rests on fo u n d atio n s ( i Sam. 2 :8 );
THE SUN STANDING STILL 125
and th a t it is so established ' th at it should n ot be rem oved for ever?
psa. 104 : 5., &c., &c. Y et in spite of this good advice, an d th e fact
that th e Scriptures do teach th e P lan e system, th e writer speaking about
his new theory or explanation sa y s;
Our theory disposes of an old infldel objection to revelation. Sceptics sneer
at the Scriptures because as they say, they inculcate the Greo-centric system of
asti-onomy. instead of the true (!)the Helio-centrio; and this miracle has
ever been the prop of their charge. 'See,' they have said, when Joshua
wanted the day lengthening, he commanded the sun and moon to stand still,
thinking falsely (?) that they circled round the earth every 24 hours; whereas
it is the earth (o h !) revolving round on her own axis, that makes day and
night. But our theory will put an end to this, and prove that Joshua knew
what he was doing.-
Vain hope ! N o m ere theory will p ut an en d to th e infidels sneer.
Our plan is not to oppose theories or quibbles to th e sneer o f the scep
tic, but f a c ts ; an d th en let him sneer if h e can for shame. I f th e infidel
can prove th a t water is convex, or th a t th e earth really tum bles at all,
land an d water, topsy-turvey once every twenty-four hours, th en he has a
right to sneer a t Jo sh u as ignorance ; b u t if h e cannot, an d th e pages of
the E arth Review are open for any respectable effort, th e n we shall
sneer at his ignorance, his lack of reasoning power, an d his consum m ate
folly for allowing him self to b e d uped o u t of E tern al Life over the
simple an d plain facts of N atu re 1 W e have a word also for th e C hris
tian. W hy should you allow infidel theories respecting th e universe, its
form and its origin, to blind your eyes to th e facts you see, or m ay see,
around you, an d to th e harm onious teachings of th a t D ivine system of
Cosmogony revealed in H o ly W rit ? You need n o t attem p t to m ake
truth reasonable ; it is reasonable, to the unfettered an d really free
thinking m ind. N either need you attem pt to explain a m ira c le ; it is
above you. W hile th e attem p t to defend a m iracle is puerile an d
absurd. A m iracle is its own defence. All you have to do is to believe
it, when attested. D efending a m iracle is like a child defending a giant,
or a fox defending a lion I B ut if you cannot believe your Bible, and
if you are too indifferent or too ignorant to go into th e proofs offered
around you, th en honestly jo in the infidel party, an d prove th e Bible is
wrong in its C reation and its Cosmology, th a t is i f you can.
We shall conclude our paper with a quotation from Josephus, a
Jewish writer an d historian who lived in th e first century of th e Chris
tian era, an d who was doubtless well acquainted b o th with the language
of the Jews an d th e rem arkable an d m iraculous history of Israel.
Respecting th e m iracle in question he writes ;
Joshua made haste with his whole army to assist them (the Gibeonites), and
marching day and night, in the mornirg he fell upon the enemies as they were
going up to the seige ; and when he had discomfited them he followed them, and
 126 THE EARTH REVIEW.
pursued them down to the descent of the hills, The place is called Bethhoron;
where he also understood that God assisted them, which He declared hy thunder
and thunder-bolts, as also by the falling of hail larger than usual. Moreover it
r STAR MOTIONS versus EARTHS^SHAPE.
happened that the day was lengthened that the night might not come on too soon,
and be an obstruction to the zeal of the Hebrews in pursuing their enemies
. . . . Now that the day was lengthened at this time, and was longer than
ordinary, is expressed in the books laid up in the Temple.
A n t i q . B. V. C. I. S. 1 7 .
In a n o te u nder this paragraph Mr. W histon, th e learned com piler of
Josephus works, while hesitating what explanation to give th e miracle
says ;
The fact itself was mentioned in the Book of Jasher, now lost, Josh. 10 : 13,
and is confirmed by Isaiah (28 ; 21), Hahakkuk (3:11), and by the son of Siraoh
(Eccles. 46 : 4). In the 18th Psalm of Solomon, ver. ult. it is also said of the
luminaries, with relation no doubt to this and the other miraculous standing still
and going back, in the days of Joshua and Hezekiah. They hare not wandered
from the day He created them, they have not forsaken their way, from ancient
generations, unless it were when God enjoined them (so to do) by the command
of his servants. See Authent. Rec. part I, p. 154.
H ea r the ju st law, th e judgm ent of the skies,
H e th a t hates tru th shall b e th e dupe of lies ;
A nd he that w ill b e cheated, to the last
D elusions strong as H ell shall b ind him fast.
STAR MOTIONS versus THE EARTHS SHAPE.
(Continued.)
i-N our last we shew ed th e inconsistency o f deciding u p o n the
shape of the E arth, by studying th e motions of the heavenly
y bodies. T h ere is little, or nothing, in com m on betw een them.
Y et som e astronom ical books attem p t to prove the earth is a globe by
such logic an d analogy as this ; T h e planets are spherical, therefore the
earth is a sphere ! W e m ight as well say, a bub b le is globular, there
fore a clay pipe is the s a m e ; or again, th e sun an d th e stars are self
lum inous, therefore th e earth a n d our dull d istan t m ountains are
shining ! I t is pitiable to read th e logic of som e of th e globularists.
T h e heavenly bodies are evidently small, light, electrical, m ovable and
im ponderable ; while th e earth is large, heavy, dull, generally flat, and
m ost stable. T h e earth has never been proved to have th e motions
which the astronom ical theory necessarily assumes it has ; while the
stars, planets, sun and m oon can be seen daily to m ove around us. In
northern latitudes they all seem to be moving around one common
centre, th e north centre, com m only called the N orth Pole. T hey all
move in th e sam e d ire c tio n ; rising in th e east, culm inating or
s o u th in g in th e south w hen on th e m eridian, an d setting in the
127
west, or on th e right h an d looking south. B ut they m ove with varying
v e lo c itie s according to their h eig h t above th e earth. T h e fixed stars
re v o lv e a little faster th an the sun, which therefore loses one revolution
in a year. T h is m arks th e solar year ; an d together with th e fact th a t
the sun m oves in a spiral orbit, shews th e reason why th e sun is found
in th e different signs of th e Zodiac during the twelve m onths of th e
year. T h e sun is left behind by th e stats 30 each m onth. T h e m oon,
being nearer to the earth revolves still m ore slowly ; an d as she gets
left behind by th e sun 12 or 13 daily, she thus passes through th e
twelve signs in a m onth, o r m oon-th. N eith er s ta r s n o r p lan ets are
ever actually stationary, m uch less retrograde, as th e astronom ers
teach ; b u t as th e latter m ove w ith varying velocities, they som etim es
a p p e a r so relatively to th e signs or constellations. H en c e they are
c alled planets, or w anderers. T h e so-called fixed stars have always
practically th e sam e declination, an d right ascension, except for very
long periods ; b ut like th e sun an d th e m oon, m oving in spiral orbits,
the planets are som etim es found n o rth of th e equator an d som etim es
south. T h is is called th eir declination ; a n d as th eir actual heights
probably alter with th eir declination th ey vary in th eir velocities.
When a p lan et keeps up w ith th e fixed stars, it rem ains in th e same
sign, or constellation, an d th e sam e degree or distance in that
sign, an d it is th en astronom ically said to b e stationary ! W hen
a planet gains on th e fixed stars, an d gets som ew hat before them , th e
astronom ers actually call it retrogade ! B u t w hen a planet loses on
the stars, an d gets left b eh in d them a little in th e daily round, it is
supposed to b e going in th e contrary direction, an d said to be d ire c t I
B e ca u se of this direct m otion, th e planets are further supposed to
revolve around th e solar orb, though th e superior planets never get
on this side of th e sun, nor th e inferior planets on th e oth er side of
that lu m in a ry ; while the m oon, although she acts likes some of the
planets, only m oving m ore slowly an d getting left b eh in d daily more,
is alone supposed to revolve aro u n d th e earth 1 Such is the astronom i
cal jugglery an d jum ble ! As we have shewn th e m otions of the
heavenly bodies are m uch sim pler, th e stars moving in circular orbits
aronnd and above the earth, an d th e sun, moon, an d planets in spiral,
or nearly circular orbits, alternately contracting an d expanding from a
mean or m iddle circle called the equinoctial, or celestial equator. But, as
anyone can see in th e n o rth all th e heavenly bodies move in th e same
general direction, from east to west. T h e cause o f th is m otion, th e
Primiim Mobile, is n o t know n, except as it reveals both will an d intelli
gence, and so points back to th e F irst G reat Cause of all things, T h e
A l m ig h t y C r e a t o r . As th e Psalm ist sang ;
 128 THE EARTH REVIEW. 129
STAR MOTIONS versus EARTHS SHAPE.

" The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament (solid dome, or
be west 15 south," th e sun setting at 6 p.m. H e further says :
expanse, Joh. 37 :18), sheweth His handiwork. Day unto day uttereth
speech and night unto night sheweth knowledge . . . A n oth er known fact is, th at on th e equator at the equinox th e sun
sets du e west. Again, referring to an o th er observation, said to be
Their line {rule, margin) is gone out through all the earth, and their worda
' I to the end of the world. In them hath He set a tabernacle (tent, Heb). fo r tak e n at A uckland, N.Z., D ec. 20th, 1885, h e w rite s; So we learn
the sun, which is as a bridegroom coming out his chamber, and rejoiceth as that the sun sets nearly 30 South of W est. W e find by th e A lm anac
I' a strong man to run a race.
|V that the sun sets (?) a t 4.14 p.m ., D ec. 20th. H e th en cynically re
His going forth is from the end of the heaven(s) and his circuit (revolution) marks \ P erhaps it m ight be claim ed th at th e inhabitants of N ew Zea
to the ends of it (them) : and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof. land were all cross-eyed; thus accounting for th eir seeing th e sun in th e
The Law of the L o k d (Jehovah) is perfect, converting the so u l; the testi s o u th -w e s t ! L et us see, G.W .B. ! P erhaps it is you, as you attem pt
mony of the L o e d is sure, making wise the simple. Psa. 19 : 17. to criticise P arallax, who are so cross-eyed. Y ou w rite at least as
though you were so. A hasty tem per, th e bias o f early training, and
Now, we do not in any way disparage actual an d practical Science,
' sc ie n tific as well as religious p redjudice are all poor factors in the
b u t only that theoretical science, falsely so-called, which exalts itself
elucidation o f T ru th . H ow ev er to m ake it clear th a t such phenom ena
against G od a n d H is W ord. I n th e face o f this so-called science o f the
are not consistent with th e globular theory we will refer to th e following
nineteenth century, we are n ot asham ed to own th a t our wisdom comes
from above. I f our friend, w hose p ostcard started these articles, likes diagram
- ./
the wisdom o f the world better, he may have i t ; b u t as a C hristian he L et A D E C re
will be inconsistent, an d perhaps suffer loss. W ith all th e Seventh p resen t th e globe,
1
D ay A dventists, to whom h e belongs, he believes in th e literal obser v a /^ - 1 j.. A B th e equator,
vance of the F ou rth C om m andm ent against which we have nothing to ^ 'C an d C D th e im
say but here is where th e inconsistency com es m o n th e p art o f this aginary axis u p
\
A m erican sect, they do n ot believe in accepting literally the statem ents
V .r
N
X I
1
\ \
on w hich it is
supposed to rotate,
of th e second p recept o f th e Law, w hich declares th a t H ea v en is above X' \\ \
'X ' C being th e N o rth
us, the E arth beneath, an d th e W aters under the earth." N ow where is '.. pole, an d D the
t
th e consistency of keeping th e Sabbath as th e m em orial o f G o d s Creation u \ S o u t h pole.
while practically denying th at C reation in th e D ivine system of Cosmog a . ----------Lt L et the line K L
i
ony which the C reator has revealed ? Is E xodus correct, an d Genesis I
extended to O and
m isleading ? Is the F o u rth C o m m andm ent all right a n d th e Second all 1 P , rep resen t the
w rong? I f th e P rotestan t m ay reject th e Cosm ogony o f the second I- tropic of Cancer,
T 2 3 ! n o rth o f the
com m and th e n th e R om anist m ay reject its prohibition o f idolatry. Yet t
eq u ato r; an d Q M
our S.D.A. friends com plain of other sects not keeping to th e Law as V 1 N R th e tro p ic o f
well as to th e T estim ony ! an d as our S atire shews they m ore th an com f/ 'y Capricorn, 23^
plained of us when only privately pinning them down to th e W ord of s o u t h o f the
G od rather than to th at of man, or woman either. O Tem poral 0 equator. T hese
Mores ! H ow ever, we will now proceed to exam ine som ew hat into the tropics represent
cause of our friends disturbance, and notice his objections, which he ^ th e suns position
based upon certain in the heavens where it seems to tu rn back, an d beyond w hich the sun
Solar P h en o m en a .
is never seen vertically either n o rth or south o f the equator. See F.arth
Review, N o. 3, article head ed O ur C ritics. O n line C D, whicl. may
In the E a rth Review for O ctober, 1893, we published the statem ent also represent a m eridian, m ake tw o dots at X an d Z m erely to rep re
o f a friendly Z etetic in Auckland, N ew Zealand, th a t n ear th e shortest sent the latitudes, say at L eicester as being near th e centre of E ngland,
day there the sun rises E .N .E ., and sets W.S W. Tim es of rising I or about 52^ north, an d W ellington as being near th e m iddle of New
an d setting n o t stated. A nother writer, an opponent to Zeteticism , has Zealand, o r ab o u t 401 south, a n d nearly on th e opposite m eridian, or
stated that A n observation was taken at W ellington O bservatory, New about 175 E . Now as th e p o in t Z will b e alm ost as far south o f the line
Zealand, M arch 20th, 1885, an d the point of sunset was ascertained to MN as this tropic is south o f th e equator, it is m anifest th a t when, during
 130 THE EABTH EEVIEW .
the longest day in N Z., th e sun is rising at R , or setting at Q, a spectator
on the globe would have to look considerably northw ard to see it.
T herefore, if it be a fact th a t ab o u t D ec. 20th, the N ew Z ealanders see
th e sun setting in the south-w est, then so m uch th e worse for the
globular theory, an d those astronom ical theories respecting the motions
of light which go with it, an d which are here found to be in such con
flict with th e facts 1 T o enable a spectator a t Z to see the sun anywhere
near the south-w est th e sun would have to be placed som ew here near
th e point G, w here it would also be ju st visible at th e south pole D.
B ut no astronom er ever ventured to assum e th a t th e sun gets so far
south. Sim ilar confusion to th e globularist follows when we remember
th a t the lum inaries can som etim es be seen rising and setting far north
of due east an d west from th e p o in t X in our own latitudes. As we
write this' article, Sunday, Jan . 20th, th e m oon is rising (4.5 p.m .) fully
in th e n o rth west from here. Y et her declination is only ab o u t 24
north, while the parallel latitude of L eicester is about 28 still further
north. W e ought therefore, on the globular theory, to have to look for
the m oon at P in a southerly direction from X. As we have before
intim ated we th in k that th e explanation o f these things, as regards
Zeteticism , will be found in connection with a new theory of the motions
o f light as it com es down to us from above. B ut w hether this be the
case or not, no theory can alter the proved fact th a t w ater is level and
th e earth therefore a plane. H ow ever, we wait for further proof of the
various phenom ena. All we are now concerned to shew is th at the
phenom ena recorded are not as o u r correspondent imagined, proofs of
th e globular theory. T his we th in k we have succeeded in shewing. It
m ay be further proved by reference to
A n o t h e r Str a n g e F a ct.
A nother strange fact com es to light in this investigation, an d one utterly
at variance with th e assum ption th a t the world is spherical. I t is based
on th e acknow ledged fact th a t the horizon to an observer anywhere
would always be a tangent to the sphere. W hat little refraction our
opponents attribute to th e atm osphere is only sufficient to allow th e sun
to be seen in the m orning eight m inutes before he is above th e hori
zon. See E a rth Review, No. 5, p. 100, 2nd. par. R eferring again to
our diagram, to save the expense of another, let A C B D now represent
th e equator. Suppose th e tim e is th e vernal equinox w hen th e sun is
vertical over th e equator, an d th e daylight lasts twelve hours. L et E
be th e position of th e sun ju st rising upon a spectator a t C.
In six hours the sun would be overhead at the point V ; and in six
m ore it would be setting along th e line C.F, at point F. T h a t is, it
would take the sun twelve hours to ap p ear to travel from point E to
HAKD NAMES. 181
point F. Similarly it would tak e another twelve hours to reach
j j - twelve m ore to reach G ; an d another twelve to get back
again to E . So th a t a spectator at C for every twelve hours light he
would enjoy, would be left in the dark for thirty-six hours ! A nd the
whole day, consisting of day and night, would last forty-eight hours, with
only one quarter of it daylight. T h is is ju st where th e globular theory
lan d s us, in at least three tim es m ore darkness th an light ! A nd if this
theory were a fact instead o f being only a pernicious assum ption, the
consequences would be m uch m ore disastrous. B ut th e C reator knew
jjis business better, and kindly gave us equal alternations of night an d
day. T h ere is, therefore, in th e very nature o f things, a good reason
why we may hold, with the gifted w riter o f an ancient epistle, th at T h e
wisdom of this world is foolishness with G od. T h e globular theory,
with the evolutionary theories based upon it, m ust seem the same to all
enlightened students of H is W ord an d of H is W orks.
HARD NAMES.
So m any abusive epithets have at different tim es been hurled at
me that I have grown som ew hat indifferent to h ard nam es. N ever till
1894, however, have I been called a globularist. T his term I find
applied to m yself in th e January n um ber of the Eai-th Review a good
beginning for th e New Y e a rl H ow ever, it is som e com fort to know
that m any besides m yself are afflicted with globularism. A globular
ist, it seems, is one who supposes th e earth to be round, as opposed to
a pianist, who knows it to be flat. T h e pianists are now an OTganised
sect, with a Review to propogate the tenets of their creed. G lobu
larism, therefore, although for th e m om ent in the ascendant, has re
ceived notice to quit. I t m oves, said Galileo, th e Arch-G lobularist,
on a m em orable occasion, an d up to a point he was right, b u t I doubt
whether he appreciated how often it moves backw ards. From Truth (1)
Jan. i8 th , 1894.
[Poor Labouohere 1 It is very hard of us to call him a globularist, when
he has to confess he is one ; hut not so cruel or abusive of him to c.ill
us lunatics, while declining to allow us the opportunity of refuting
the veracity of the ep ith et! Oh, no ! The case, is altered then ! If he
prefer the term we will call him a globite instead. But the Ea^lh
Renew is perhaps making him ashamed of the belief he has entertained
that he hangs head downwards from a globe for twelve hours out of
every twenty-four ! No doubt others are afflicted with the same
mental belief, or disease; but whether this aggravate or only extenuate the
malady, we will leave our readers to judge. And is this the only answer
of Truth (?) to our challenge ? E d .]
 132 THE EARTH REVIEW.
EVOLUTION.
When grovelling minds of little worth,
rorsake the Lord of heaven and earth.
What dreams of fancy they imbibe ;
They claim as kin the monkey tribe.
They set all history at defiance
And call their speculations science.
Then try to shew the wondrous plan
Of how the ape became a man.
All things to God men used to trace.
And every species kept its place.
But now were told that men and worms
Have only sprung from lower forms ;
And when proud science lends her aid
TheyTl tell us how these forms were made ;
This thought is theirsO happy notion !
Mind is but matter put in. motion.
In works of art they see design.
And own that wisdom did combine ;
They say you may behold it in
A watch, a mouse-trap, or a pin j
But aU the flowers that scent the breeze.
The fruits that grow upon the trees,
The wondrous form and powers o man,
Arose, they say, without a plan.
If science shews that man escapes
And leaves the ranks of grizzly apes ;
Then science may reverse the plan
And prove the ape a fallen man.
And this new species yet may boast
And gain the tails their fathers lo s t ;
As matter moves and beauty withers.
Time yet may class them with their fathers.
No Gk)d they see in all creation ;
They spurn the thought with indignation.
Their main pursuit in life is pelf ;
Their creed is" Always mind yourself.
They say to saint and sage and rufilan
The future state is but a coffin ;
And when we pass beyond lifes storms.
We hope to be devoured by worms.
O charming hope for which they w a it!
W hat glory gilds their future state !
If here they do but little good.
Yet after death theyre used as food.
Then let this glowing prospect cheer.
Take care of self while you are here.
Grow fat and plump till latest breath,
And youll be useful after death.
D.S.
From the " Christian Commonwealth, Jan, 25th, 1894.
CORRESPONDENCE NOTES 133
IS THE WORLD RO UND?
T his question seems to be still agitating the A ustrian G overn
ment, an d m ore th a n one A ustrian man-of-war th a t has called here
lately has h ad an officer on board whose special com m ission was
to make observations for th e purpose o f ascertaining th e attraction
of the earth in order thereby to arrive at th e exact shape of th e globe.
An officer thus em ployed is on th e A ustrian steam er F asana, who,
since th e vessels arrival, has spent a good deal of tim e at th e N ational
Bank, where a room was allotted him for th e purpose of adjusting his
instruments. A n officer engaged on sim ilar duty was on the K aiserin
E lizabeth the o th er day. Ceylon Independent, Dec. 23rd, 1893.
THE AGNOSTICS CREED.
I believe in a chaotic N eb u la self-existent E volver of H eav en and
E a rth ; an d in th e differentiation of this original hom ogeneous Mass.
Its first-gotton P ro d u ct which was self-formed into separate worlds, divi
ded into land an d water, self-organized into plants an d anim als, repro
duced in like species, further developed into higher orders, an d finally
refined, rationalised, and perfected in M an. H e descended from the
Monkey, ascended to th e P hilosopher, an d sitteth down in th e rites and
customs o f Civilisation u n d er th e laws of a developing Sociology. From
thence he shall com e again, by th e disintegration of th e culm inated
Heterogeneousness, back in to th e original H om ogeneousness of Chaos.
I believe in th e wholly im personal Absolute, th e wholly un-Catholic
Church, th e D isunion of th e Saints, th e Survival of th e F ittest, th e P er
sistence of Force, th e dispersion of th e Body, an d in D eath E verlasting.
fro m the Nezo York Independent.
CORRESPONDENCE.
A ll Letters sent to the Editor should he legibly written on one side
only o f the paper, and should have some direct hearing on the subject
before its. They must he accompanied h/ the iiame and address o f the
sender. Stamped addressed envelopes ought to be enclosed fo r replies.
Short pointed letters or articles preferred.
The E ditor cannot, of course, be held responsible fo r the various opinions
of his correspondents; nor can he enter into correspondence respecting articles,
4"c, held over or declined. Letters must he prepaid, and addressed to
Z E T E T E S ;
Editor o/ T he E a r t h {not-a-Globe) R e v ie w ,
Plutus House, St. Saviours Road,
Leicester, England.
134 THE EARTH REVIEW. CORRESPONDENCE.
Letters to the Editor.
NOTES.
' AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM.
Portsmouth, E.B.Tour letters, and many otters, crowded out for lack of I Dear Sir,Again " Enquirer has
H a tte m p te d a " demolition of Parallax !
space. All cuttings sent should be labelled and dated. This time experiment 14, Earth not
a Globe page 57, is the subject of
Belfast, J.A.T hants for 2/6 for Free Literature Distribution fund. A attack. I hope therefore you will find
Parcel was sent to Mr. (j. T. Bolt, Southsea, who acknowledges the same room for an outlandish Zetetic like me
with thanks to you. to shew this gentleman that he has
again proved t h e non-existence of
Toronto, W .B .Thanks for copy of Mr. Gleasons work. As you say it is a "'earthcurvature, and consequently
contribution to the subject, though lacking in literary perfection. It that the World is a vast irregular
plane. How does this obscurantist try
needs critical revision before the next edition is published. Could you to prove, that the essential statements
get us a copy of his map, as this book was without one ? We should be in experiment 14 are false ? Does he
glad if any friend could supply us with a good large map. like an honest enquirer go to Shooters
HiU, and there test the experiment ?
Doncaster, H .C.B.w rites; " I am told that in the last edition of the Oh dear no ! What does he do ? Why
Encyclopedia Brittanica, in the article ' Astronomy, by Proctor, there is Sir, he, in his own house (?) takes an
arm chair, and sitting down calls for
an admission that the Plane Earth satisfies phenomena as well as the Thomas to bring him an Ordinance
globular theory. We should be glad to receive the extract referred to Survey Map and straight edge. With
if any friend can find it. these upon the table, this doughty
demolisher proceeds to make
Allegheny, W. QM.Thanks for copies of your journal. We are glad to see measurements. This is done, and the
you are boldly taking up the subject of Natural and Bible Astronomy services of Thomas are again re
q u is itio n e d to remove the Map, &o.,
in the Herald of Olad Tidings. There is much in yoiir articles we approve
and bring the writing materials that he
of, but we have not yet seen any proof of what you call the Enspherical may write an expose for the
form of the Universe. Let us keep to ascertained facts, and beware of Ptiture, and try to shew that
the weakness of the astronomers for mere speculation. We are glad to Parallax invented his experiments.
notice our papers have been of some use to you. Now Enquirer asserts that a line
from Shooters H ill to Hampstead H ill
Santa Cruz, H .V.What proof can be offered that winter is less severe at will not catch the Cross on St. Pauls,
as that object is fully half a mile to the
the South Pole than at the North ? or for the assertion that railway S.W., of the line of sight. Parallax
engines running north have a tendency to run off on the east side ; but is thus demolished. Ha, ha ! But
when going south, to run oH on the west side of the track ? Can you before the demolisher finally consigns
give instances, with the gradients and curves ? Parallax to oblivion, a poor Hotten
tot presents himself before this editor
iwii!, of Nov. 25th, wrote; Zetetes (Leicester).Your article or letter ially protected champion of the globular
theorywho writes letters f o r a maga
has been overlooked; we shall try to attend to it, so please look out. zine in which he knows we are not
We are sorry for delay. W e have been looking out for about six allowed to reply to themand demands
months, and now we give it up. Perhaps this so-called anti-infidel paper a little delay while he is allowed else
prefers after all the infidels globe before Natural and Biblical Cosmog where, i.e., in the more open pages of
ony ? Yet the editor promised (Aug 16th, 1893), to let our reply to D. the E.R., to say a few words as to
Neilds article appear. why his Ordinance Survey Map and
straight edge proof cannot be other
than an elaborate and artfully
Southwark.Glad to hear that lectures have been given, or papers read at designed imposture, and that his
Birmingham by Mr. James Naylor, and Mr. W, L HipweU ; a t HaUfax own essential statements are abso
by Mr^ J. Shackleton; and in London by Mr. Isaac Smith of Halifax, lutely false.
the Secretary of the XTZ S., and the Editor. Forward comrades !
FirstBecause he has not tested the
experiments as an honest Enquirer
The Life of Christ ZeteticaUy Considered was never published. for truth ought to. SecondlyBecause
he seems to be ignorant of the difficul
New Plymouth.W.M.R. Too late for this issue, Pamphlets sent for those ties attending the survey of the country,
received. Ed. and the lines on which such surveys are
carried out. I t is acknowledged that.
135
in surveying it is a difficult matter to
carry out an accurate measurement of
a perfectly straight line of any con
siderable length. It must also be
borne in mind that to reduce the error
to a minimum the number of measure
ments required in executing the survey
of a country, a plan is adopted to
measure one line. This is considered
the " base line, and from each of the
extremities of this, the angular dis
tance is measured with a prominent
object in the distance. Here then we
see the basis upon which Ordinance
Maps are made, and it clearly shews,
to those whose sole object is truth, that
as a test of such an experiment as
Parallaxs No. 14., the Maps are
utterly worthless I ThirdlyBecause
a theodolite, if only turned ? at the
point of observation the one thirty-
second of an inch, from the object
viewed, would at a distance of twelve
miles more than cover the half a mile,
this careless Enquirer asserts
Parallax is wrong by ! This shews
the absolute necessity of carrying out
the experiment as propounded by
Parallax. FourthlyBecause he
himself says that a line taken from
Shooters H ill over the centre of St.
Pauls will pass on to WiUesden Green
Station. WeU, Sir, that is a Willes-
den-Green-Station proof that the earth
is a plane, for a line taken from
Shooters H ill that w ill pass on to
W. G. Station cannot form a part of
a curve! Fifthly, and ListlyBecause
in a letter to Mr. S., dated July 6th.,
1892., referring to the sketches of the
Bedford Canal experiment, he says, " I
think there is enough to shew that no
curvature was apparent. A dead level
is all I can see from the sketches.
But in the " Future (Feb. 1893)
referring to the same experiment he
says, the curvature you (Mr. Car
penter) deny is imagined there before
you, and you know it to be curvature.
Now Sir, whose statements are utterly
unworthy of credit, Enquirers or
"P arallaxs ? E h ?
To gull the "Futurewhat a blunder
Enquirer tells some tales of wonder;
B ut Hottentot points now to Jane,
And says hes proved the earth a plane !
Auh Weuauh to such Enquirers !
H ottentot.
 136 THE EARTH
Darlington,
January 6, 1894.
Dear Friend in the Lord,I am mucli
obliged by the receipt of copy of E.
Review, &c.
Our Blessed Lord referred to Moses
and the Prophets in his oonverations.
No true disciple of the Son of God will,
I dare to say, question His infallibility
and Divine accuracy. His references
cover Jonah and Joshua. The Bible
has been ignorantly attacked by the
merely natural man, with the rashness
characteristic of him from his youth as
regards its history, archasology, biology,
geology and psychology, in all of which
studies it has been proved correct even
in minute details. And I am assured
that the Astronomy of the Bible will
eventually be proved correct.
What a spectacle to thoughtful ob
servers the sight of great Astronomers
standing by without a protest while
engineers lay down railroads and con
struct waterways without paying any
regard to the Astronomical dogma that
the world is a globe.
In spite of the astronomical priest
hood, the travelling world is very well
satisfied to journey over these roadways
constructed on the plan of a plane and
level earth.
Many scientists refuse to believe the
Bible. But the Book itself is a stand
ing miracle ! All the opposition and
hatred of centuries has left unabated
its interest and vitality. And yet these
same persons inflated with the vigour
and prescience of mortality, and
daringly disdainful of their very limited
capacity, demand that we shall believe
all their dicta and dogma upon their
authority alone, without reliable
proofs.
The books and prophets of the Bible
never contradict one another. The
various books and prophets of Science
are continually in conflict.
Not being an Astronomer, I cannot
dispute on the more intricate details of
that science. B ut I keep mostly now
to one stone and sling. I ask my
opponents to answer me on the question
of the Moons " reflection. I get
them by questioning to allow that they
hold the theory of the Moon being a
globe i then that it shines by reflected
light. I then refer them to the Laws
of Light, of reflection, and radiation.
REVIEW.
Of course they are bound -----to answer
according to the Scriptures of Science.
B ut these Scriptures of the Scientists
aver truly that a convex surface such
as the Moons cannot throw off light,
as she does, from every part of her
face. Moreover, that a dull, dead body
such as she is said to be, is not iitted
to reflect either lig h t or heat. Bather
such a surface would absorb both the
received ligh t and heat. And again it
is certain that whilst light is trans
mitted from the Moon to us, little or no
heat iswhich anyone can test for
himself.
The signature at foot of letter p. 113
is not correct.
Yours faithfully,
E dwakd W. F oesteb.
A W RIT DE LTJNATICO
INQUIEENDO.
Dear Sir, T ntJi says we are
lunatics, does he ? (No I I t is Mr.
Labouchere who says so. Ed.) Well
it is not the first time the public
press has given vent to such vindic
tiveness. But we speak the truth,
when we tell Truth that we are not
under the control of a " Board of
Visitors, the same as those gentlemen
at the Greenwich Observatory ! Ah,
Truth ! , I am going to speak the
truth, and the source of my information
is, the Astronomical Register for
May 1872. An observatory can never
stand without some useful object, not
only to prevent astronomers from going
mad, as they have been apt to do since
the time of Plamstead, and hence the
board of visitors." So much for the
lunatics !
Evidently Truth has not read our
formidable rivals teaching, and
compared it with the truth of the Plane
earth, or he would have found that the
rivals have much in common. For
instance Mr. Gillespie says, they (the
modern astronomers) are in a worse
position by fa r than the heathen, who
has no chance ofiknowing better. The
sun, the moon, and the planets all
prove that their system is false, the
Bible and reason also teach us that it is
false. Again, he asks ; can the
mind of man take in or credit such an
idiotic system ? Lastly, we find on
p. 29., he quotes from the eminent
CORRESPONDENCE.
g e r m a n philosopher. Dr. Shoepfer, who
says, the assumption that the planets
ai6 inhabited Worlds, or that the Earth
is a -P la n e t revolving round the Sun, is
v o id of any probability, and will soon
liave to pass into the realms of fiction.
_ . . I curse this modern theory of
C o sm o g o n y , and hope there may appear
in due time some scientist of genius
.(fjio will pick up courage enough to
u p s e t this universally disseminated
delirium of lunatics.
And now Mr. Editor, let me say that
our " formidable rival who still
believes that the earth is a globe, asks
the same question as we ask ; Can
any man in his sober senses believe
that the earth could fly through space
at the rate of one thousand miles a
minute ? Could the moon keep her
constant path round the earth at 237,
000 miles distant, if the earth was
flying at this terrific speed ? Oh, what
dupes ! So say we, and the attention
of the editor of the Keview of Reviews
is called to the above.
BALiAMs Ass.
Ontario, Canada,
January 15th, 1894.
Dear Friend,Please accept my
thanks for the papers and two copies of
the Barth Review.
The report of Mr. Runcimans lecture their minds through their ears. I wish
in New Zealand is gratifying. He dealt
with the question in a discreet and
straightforward way.
1 notice a letter on page 112 from H.
C. Bowker, M.A., of Doncaster, of some
importance. He refers to Parallax, p.
9G and 97. The direct distance from
Valencia, (Ireland), to Cape Town,
(South of Africa), is 1,164 miles ; this
must be a mistake. Yesit is a
mistake. Mr. John Hampden gives the
Equatorial circumference as 25,000
milesand he states in a letter to me
that he had found several minor mis
takes in Parallax in regard to distances.
Now if the Equatorial circumference is
25,000 miles, the radial distance from
the North Centre to Equator must be
3,979 miles. Parallax gives the radial
distance from North Centre to Valencia
correctly, (I think) 2,556 miles ; but
the distance he gives from Valencia to
Cape Town is incorrect. It is not 1,164
statute miles, but 2,390 miles. Mr.
Bowker says, I am sure that one of
137
the most pressing matters that requires
settlement in this controversy, is the
measurement of a degree of longitude
at two different latitudes South of the
Equator. Strange this is a matter
that has occupied my mind for some
time. During my leisure, I have been
trying to work this out from the
variation of daylight at different
latitudes. I begin to see my way for
determining the circumference at the
latitude of Auckland 37 S., and at the
latitude of 45 S., from the difference of
daylight between Ontario 45 N., and
Auckland 37 S. . . . However, this
Copernican falsehood is doomed. It
will not be tolerated much longer.
When the public get a little more light
they will demand an alteration in the
school system as far as physical
geography is concerned.
Yours respectfully,
J no. T. L a w s o n .
Toronto, Jan. 11th, 1894.
My dear Brother,
I enclose a cutting from a paper in
N.Y. State, shewing that a Mr. M. C.
Flanders is on the war-path against
popular astronomy, &c. He carries
apparatus, I understand, in order to
demonstrate his positions to the eyes
of his hearers, as well as appeal to
there was a cheap edition of Parallax
out, which he could recommend to his
his hearers rather than Mr. Gs book.
I have three copies of P arallax; one
for myself, which has been rebound
with many additions and illustrations,
and two which are often out on a loan,
from reading which several intelligent
persons have quite renounced the old
views. I think it is important that
Parallaxs Statements respecting that
wager between Wallace and Hampden,
should be added to my new edition, for
so many seem to have heard of the
wager who know nothing about the way
in which it was said to have been won,
though under false pretences.
In yonr January number, your cor
respondent H seems to be very much
in the condition of Mr. E. 'V^en I
saw him last, he was talking to me
about the same matter, and I answered
him very much after your style, refer
ring him to the one superlative proof-
test of water, as the proper standard of
 138 THE EARTH REVIEW. RENEWAL OE ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION. 139

appeal, and not stais in the matter of years experience has convinced W'hat was proven by that pamphlet shewing how he thought he had fairly
the Earths form, &o. Mr. E. has that the public has no desire to lear may be proven as long as the world won the wager. This would not only
lately joined the Astronomical Society th at which is out of harmony -with lasts, namely, that standing water is have tended to clear his character,
of Toronto, and I suspect the stars have what they ha^e been taught. The level; but if you would like any further but would have been a service ren
dazzled his mind for awhile ; though he whole affair lies in a nutshell, and particularsto aid someones common dered, and due to the public from
is a man of good miderstanding. people are afraid to look inside, go s e n se I shall be happy, Mr. Editor, to him, as the champion of the globular
In January number 1894, the r e p o r t s
intent are they in looking all roun^ be your obedient servant, theory. The Earth Review is open
of Bruce and Donald, are most impor the outside where the thing is not. It W m. Carpenter . to him for this purpose. In the
tant. I t is a point in the Southern is simply this :A six-mile stretch o{ meantime our readers would doubt
aspect upon which I am much accus standing water was proven by those [We certainly think it was Mr. Wal less be glad of the further promised
tomed to dwell in argument, and it experiments to be l b v e l ; and all the laces duty to publish a statement statement of Mr. Carpenter. E d .E.E.]
always carries weight with the thought trickery in the world w ill never succeed
ful, that the i-emarkable differences bein proving it convex! Alfred R. Wallace
tween the south and north view could who claimed the winning of the waget,
not exist under the spherical and rotary and pocketed the money on the 1st. of renew al of a n t a r c t ic e x p l o r a t io n .
principle of the earth, were such true. April. 1870, should be called upon
If the Geog. Society were only in loudly and persistently to explain his [Extracts from a Paper read at the Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society
earnest to settle the vexed question case. He dare not so much as attempt Nov. 27th, 1893, by John Murray, Phd.D, L.L.D. of the ' Challenger
which is confronting them every now it. Were he to try to do this, without Expedition].
and then, it appears to me the question subterfuge and banter, it would be the
could be easily solved in some such finest demonstration in favour of the
manner as t h is :let two parties be plane earth that could be wished for! H ero d o tu s tells us that, ab o u t six hu n d red years before Christ,
formed, one to investigate the matter Here is what is inside the nutshell Phoenician sailors reported that, in rounding Africa to the south, they
at the North, and the other at the Six miles of standing water presents a
South. Let a given parellel at each had th e sun on th eir right hand. T his for my p art. says H erodotus,
certain configuration of surfacewhat
point, &c., the line of investigation, is that configurationis it level or I do n ot believe ; b ut others may. T his observation as to the position
say 70 or 65, as 70 S. is so trying to convex ? One would suppose it were of the sun is, however, good evidence th a t the expedition of N echo
seamen in colds and storms, &c., each the greatest puzzle of modern tim es!
to pursue its parallel from a given why, if people had nothing to guide really took place. . . .
longitude in a direct easterly or wester them but the commonest of common
ly course over sea and land tiU it sense, it need not remain unsolved P om ponius M ela who lived in the first century of our era . . .
reached that given longitude again, five m inutes; and, in putting pen to
and shewed the number o f miles paper at this time, the conviction is held, like m ost of his predecessors, th at th e habitable world of E urope,
traversed, and then compare the results forced upon us that we are either telling Asia, an d Africa, form ed a single island surrounded by an all-encircling
of difference or similarity. I t must, as people who know, or those who do not
inevitably, I think, shew the true con sea.
want to Tcnow I W hat a disgrace to
dition geographically, and mathemati science that its victims have not pluck [After describing the first circumnavigation of the earth the paper unwarrant
cally, as would two circles drawn, the enough to see for themselves, and if
one near the hub, the other near the ably proceeds;E d .]
Mr. Wallace has not courage enough to
rim of a wheel. face his opponents and throw off the T h e sphericity of th e E arth, the existence o f antipodes, were no
Could not your "Sundial be printed odium that attaches to his name, do it longer scientific theories, b ut dem onstrated facts. T h e loss or gain of
in E.R. with a diagram ? I t might for him, Six miles of water bulged up in
induce many perhaps to try the ques the middle; and precisely the same a day in sailing ro u n d th e world, together with a m ultitude of other un
tion. W ell brother, the Lord sustain appearance presents from either end familiar and bew ildering facts, struck the imagination, an d altogether th e
thee in the fight for Truth revealed, a continuous straight line ! I Surely,
whether in Nature or the Wordand Mr. Editor, it would be a work of effect of these startling events was without parallel in th e history of the
for every ray of Light received, may we supereroffation to attempt seriously to world. T h e solid im m ovable earth ben eath m ens feet was replaced by
receive seven rays of Love to enable us explain this in the year, 1894. I did
to spread abroad and use the light this in 1871, in a 32 p.p, pamphlet (1/-) , the mental picture of the great floating globe swung in space, supported
aright'! which I advertised in the London Daily by some unseen power. . . .
Telegraph until that paper was threat
Tours sincerly in Christ, ened with legal proceedings, and there [Only a mental picture drawn by the scientific imagination. If we
W. Bbookman. fore, refused my advertisement, (Much sailed round an island we might draw the same mental picture of it, but
better would it have been for Mr,
Wallace to defend himself !) This would it be true to fact ? E d].
Baltimore, U.S.A., Jan. 29th. publication was entitled Water not Cook reached latitude 71 10' S., in longitude ic 6 54' W., and here
Convex : The Earth not a Globe!
SiE,If ever a useless ta s t were Demonstrated by Alfred R. Wallace, he probably saw th e ice-barrier an d m ountains beyond. H e believed
given to a man, surely such a task is Esq., F.E.G.S, &c, on the 5th of March,
given to me, when I am asked to re 1870, by experiments conducted on the there was a tract of land tow ards the South Pole extending further north
count the facts of the Bedford Level old Bedford Canal, near Downham in the A tlantic and In d ian O ceans than elsewhere, an d says I t is true
Experiments of 1870! The past Market. Norfolk.' however, th at the greatest part of this southern continent (supposing
 140 THE EARTH REVIEW.
there is one) m ust be w ithin th e P o lar circle, w here th e sea is so pej, -
tered with ice that th e land is thereby inaccessible. T h e risk one runs
in exploring a coast in th ese u nknow n a n d icy seas is so very great that
I can be bold enough to say th a t no m an will ever venture further than
I have done, an d th a t the lands which m ay lie to th e south will never
be explored. T hick fogs, snow-storms, intense cold, an d every other
thing th a t can render navigation dangerous, m ust b e encountered, and
these difficulties are greatly heightened by th e inexpressibly h o rrid aspect
o f the country, a country doom ed by nature never once to fee l the warmth
o f the suns rays, b u t to b e b u ried in everlasting snow an d ice. , , .
Tw o navigators have, however, ventured further th an . C o o k ; Wed
dell in 1893 p enetrated to 74 S., b u t saw no land. Sir Jam es Clark
R oss in 1841 and 1842 reached the 78th. parallel, an d discovered Vic
toria L and. T h ese three explorers, Cook, W eddell a n d R oss, are the
only ones who have passed beyond th e 7oth parallel of south latitude.
I n Jan. 1841, after passing heavy pack-ice far to th e south of New
Zealand, R oss discovered V ictoria L and, consisting of m ountain ranges
from 7,000 to 12,000, an d 15,000 feet in height. T o the east he found
open navigable water with oif-lying islands, on two o f w hich Possess
ion an d F ranklin Islands h e landed. T h is b old coast was traced for
500 miles to th e south, w here it term inated, in latitude 78 S., in the
volcanic cones of M ounts E rebus an d T error, M ount E rebus at th e time
vom iting forth flame an d lava from an elevation o f 12,000 ft. Glaciers
descending from the m ountain sum m its filled the valleys an d bays of
th e coast, a n d projected several m iles in to th e sea. I t was impossible
to enter any of the indentations or breaks on th e coast where in other
lands harbours usually occur. O n some days th e sun shone forth with
great brilliancy from a perfectly serene an d clear sky o f a m ost intense
indigo blue, an d th e m em bers of th e expedition gazed with feelings of
indescribable delight upon a scene o f grandeur a n d magnificence beyond
anything they had before seen or could have conceived.
From th e eastern foot of M ount T error, Ross found a perpendicular
wall o f ice from 100 to 120 feet in height, extending away to th e east,
through which, as he says, th ere was no m ore chance o f sailing than
through th e cliffs o f D over. H e traced this ice barrier in an east and
west direction for 300 miles ; an d within a mile of it he o b tain ed a depth
of 260 fathoms, with a fine soft m ud at th e bottom . In the following
season R oss was n o t successful; for weeks h e was a prisoner in th e pack-
ice. . . .
T o my m ind there seems to be ab u n d an t evidence that there exists
in this region a vast extent of true continental land, th e area of which
SCIENTIFIC DOGMATISM. U1
is greater th an that^of A ustralia, or nearly 4,000,000 square miles. O f all
the bold southern explorers, Ross an d D U rville are the only two who
have set foot on lan d w ithin the A rctic circle. . . .
A few m onths ago I bade good-bye to N ansen, an d said I expect
ed within two years to welcome him on his retu rn from the A rctic ; but
I e x p re ss e d som e d oubt if I should again see th e Fram. I think you
aie wrong, was th e r e p ly ; I believe you will welcome m e on th e very
sam e deck, and, after m y return from th e Arctic, I will go to th e South
Pole, an d th en m y lifes work will be finished. From th e Geological
Journal, J a n ., 1894.
SCIENTIFIC DOGMATISM.
Mr. T yndall resigned in 1887 th e Professorship at th e Royal In sti
tution which he had held for m ore th an thirty years. . . . He
never h^d any d oubt about anything, from H o m e R u le to spontaneous
generation, from th e com position of dust to th e origin of things. . . .
But while P rofessor T yndall, th e brilliant lecturer, th e lum inous exposi
tor, the intrepid clim ber, th e pugnacious controversialist, th e genial and
amiable com panion, was in m any respects an interesting personage, no
part of his character would repay study so well as th e scientific dogm a
tism in which it was all steeped. D r. A rnold pro tested h a lf a century
ago in his entertainiug, if n o t very practical, notes on .T hucydides,
against what, as a philological student, h e discerned Ito b e a tendency
of the times, I t is n o t to be endured, h e said, th at scepticism should
run at once in to dogm atism , an d th a t we shouid be required to d oubt
with as little discrim ination as we were formerly called upon to be
lieve. D r. A rnold was of course referring directly an d im m ediately to
the tam pering o f com m entators with th e text of the G reek historian.
But the sym ptom which h e observed has spread into other spheres, an d
for the old tyranny of th e C hurch there has been substituted th e despo
tism of th e laboratory. T h e delight of dealing with certainties des
cribed by an accom plished m an of letters, who m ade an hasty plunge
into the P rincipia, is a high form of m ental enjoym ent. B ut it is
rather a dangerous guide through th e maze of conflicting probabilities,
from which even th e sacred College of Science has n ot yet succeeded in
delivering th e h um an race. . . .
Mr. Balfour wrote a book w hich is n ot nearly so well know n as it
ought to be. T h e D efence o f Philosophic D o u b t is dry and un
attractive in form. But it is acute an d ingenious in substance. It
would b e a m ore agreeable work if it were w ritten in literary English.
I t would be a m ore candid one if it m entioned th e nam e of D avid
H um e. I t is, notw ithstanding these drawbacks, a valuable antidote to
 142 THE EA"TH REVIEW.
th e pretensions of m odern science. In it Mr. Balfour, one of the fe\y
living Englishm en with a real ap titu d e for philosophy, turns against the
exaggerated claim s of science th e argum ents form erly em ployed with so
m uch vigour against the exaggerated claims of theology. I t is useless,"
he says in effect, to tell m e th at your conclusions are tru e because
they are universally accepted. W hat is the ignorant im pression of the
unthinking m ultitude really worth ? . . . M r. Balfour is f o n d of
paradox, an d he may press his theory too far. B ut at least h e deserves
credit for pointing out th at th e infallibility o f science rests on no surer
foundation than any other form o f orthodox opinion. T h e greatest
nam es in scientific history cannot b e cited to support th e doctrine that
a know ledge of physics, how ever accurate an d extensive, entitles its
possessor to lay down th e law on final causes an d th e origin o f things.
In his fam ous address at Belfast nearly tw enty years ago, Professor
T yndall declared that m atter contained th e power an d potency o f every
form o f life. I f this phrase was m ore th an em pty rhetoric it implied
th a t Professor T ynd all knew how th e world cam e in to existence, a n d
how life began. Mr. D arw in, th e greatest m an of science since New
ton, if not since A ristotle, p u t forward no such assum ption. In humble
and dignified language he explained th a t his m arvellous generalisations
with reference to th e origin of species an d th e d ecent of m an began, as
they ended, with a living creature. H e traced m an to th e m a r in e
ascidian. T h e m arine ascidian h e d id n ot p reten d to trace. From
The D a ily N ews, D ec. 5th, 1893.
[Could anyone spare the Editor a copy of Mr. Balfours book, The Defence of
Philosophic l>oult ? E d ]
A CHURCH TAX.
[C o m m u n ic a t e d .]
M r . E d it o r . I do n o t for a m om ent suppose although your ex
perience is decidedly extensive th at you ever knew of a case in which
a tax, of no m ean proportion, was im posed on a Sunday m orning. It
was in an aristocratic portion of th e city, too : near w here th e fountains
play in sum m er tim e. Y ou w ouldnt think it could be in a church,
w here you go to hear th e sim ple gospel of Jesus C hrist held up before
you, or som e plain tru th brought forward from th e good old book, but,
indeed, it w as; and in M o u n t V ernon C hurch, on Sunday m orning last,
there was such a taxing o f th e people N o, we are n ot thinking of the
nickles an d dim es as they chinked into 'the plates. Oh, no I T h a t tax
was a trifle ! T h e Rev. G entlem an, from a pile of M.S., read a scientific
lecture on th e destruction o f M other E arth at th e final day th a t must
have taxed th e credulity of th e Bible student (if there b e any such to
be found now-a-days) to th e utm ost capacity ! T h e talk o f rolling and
A CHURCH TAX. 1431
blazing suns an d fiery com ets an d a host o f solar systems with their
rotating and revolving planets like our d ear little e a r th ! all, all, all
becoming jam m ed up together in o ne vast nebula in the closing scene
^as undoubtedly appalling an d terribly tragic to the h earer w hose edu
cation fitted him for its reception, an d for whom th e prophecies of a
modern F ren ch savant m ust have been a sweet morsel as they were
hurled down th e throats of th e poor ed ucated people at M ount Ver-
pon I Truly, w hat is one m an s m eat is an o th er m an s p o iso n ; an d we
Icnow o f one fellow who was so com pletely sickened by it th at to wait
for the benediction would have been too m uch for him he h ad to go
put I L et the worlds crash if th ey w ant t o ! was one elegant out
burst of th e m inister who is nothing for such a congregation as his if he
be not SCIEN TIFIC ! L et th e worlds c r a s h ! I f it were perm issible to
stand up an d ask a question in church, th e sick m an would have asked,
i What worlds ! I n vain would th e Rev. scientist turn th e leaves of
his Bible for an answ er 1 T h e B ook is virtually buried u n d er a heap o f
scientific lu m b e r! . . . I f a scientist has never heard of P a r a l
l a x , of E ngland, h e stands, confessedly, an ignorant scientist; an d every
scientist who has read th a t au th o r an d fails to take action in th e prem
ises well, it were b etter for jhis soul had h e rem ained ig n o r a n t!
The scientific world knows full well n ot a m an will dare to deny it, in
response to this le tte r th at if they did N O T hold th eir peace as they
are doing to day they would knock out th at j>eg, about w hich the M adi
son Square m inister spoke, an d to which he drew pointed attention ! It
is coming ! T h e crash will be terrific 1 Galileo turning the Bible up
side downwards was a m ere bagatelle to th e task o f putting th e Book
once m ore in its tru e position 1 A narchists an d Socialists in league
against th e Bible, shall we have also the M ethodists, A dventists an d
Clergy ? Is th ere not m ore genuine infidelity in professing to love th at
which you suffer to lie u n h eed ed even on a pulpit desk th an th ere is
with those who ju st dont w ant th e thing at all ? T hose who are called
by D r. T alm age th e infidel scientists have th e devil at th eir back,
and all the powers of darkness will b e used to give th e devil th e victory I
Silence ! ye scientists, a little longer, as silenced you surely shall be.
Let the old folks depart in p e a c e : th en th e b a ttle ! C atholics far-see-
ing folk as they are now enjoined by th e H o ly F ath er to study the
Bible, will do it th at their pow er should be f e lt; (but they will have to
lake out the word globe an d restore th e plain w ords o f the original
text: for, globe of th e earth is nonsense, anyway, See Isaias 40 : 42,
Douay version). Yes, they will jo in in the contest, an d th e Bible will
come out in th e en d as th e tru e scientific te x t-b o o k ; because it will be
known to th e people, as it is now know n to the scientists, th a t th e only
peg which retained a m onstrous structure in position was the theoreti
cal, heretical an d dam nable peg th at th e earth is a globe an d flies
 144 THE EARTH REVIEW.
around the sun I T hen, an d n ot till then, shall we find the Bible an
open Book in the churches, an d we m ay go to th e church of th e peopig
w ithout being T A X E D ! From The {Single) T ax y o u rn a l, December
20th, 1893.
ROMAN CATHOLIC EESUTATIONS OF GALILEO.
F rom th e mass of books w hich appeared u n d er the auspices of the
church im m ediately after th e condem nation of Galileo, for th e purpose
of rooting out every vestige of th e hated C opernican theory from the
m inds of the world, two may be taken as typical. T h e first of these was
a work by Scipio C hiaram onti, dedicated to C ardinal Barberini. Among
his argum ents against the double m otion of th e earth m ay be cited the
following :
Animals, which move, have lim bs an d muscles j th e earth has no
lim bs or muscles, therefore it does n ot move. It is angels who make
Saturn, Jupiter, th e sun, etc. turn round. I f th e earth revolves, it must
also have an angel in the centre to set it in m otion ; b u t only devils
live th e r e ; it would therefore be a devil who would im part m otion to
th e earth..................... T h e planets, th e sun, th e fixed stars, all belong
to one species namely, th a t of stars they therefore all m ove or stand
still. I t seems, therefore, to be a grievous wrong to place th e earth,
w hich is a sink of impurity, am ong th e heavenly bodies, which are pure
an d divine things.
T h e next, which I selected from the mass o f works, is the Anti-
Copernicus Catholicus of Polacco. I t was intended to deal a finishing
stroke at G alileos heresy. In this it is d e c la re d : T h e scripture
always represents th e earth as at rest, an d th e sun and m oon as in
m otion : or, if these latter bodies are ever represented as at rest, scrip
ture represents this as the result of a great miracle. T h ese writings
m ust be prohibited, because they teach certain principles about the
position an d m otion of th e terrestrial globe repugnant to holy scripture
and to th e catholic interpretation of it, n ot as hypotheses b u t as estab
lished facts. . . . I t is possible to work with th e hypotheses of
Copernicus so as to explain m any phenom ena. . . . Y et it is not
perm itted to argue on his prem ises except to show their falsity. Dr.
Andrew D . W hitt, Popular Science Monthly."
I learnt as my first great lesson in the inquiry into these obscure fields of
knowledge never to accept the disbelief of great men, or their accusations of
imposture or of imbecility, as of any weight when opposed to the repeated
observation of facts by other men, admittedly sane and honest. The whole history
of science shows us that whenever the educated and scientific men of any age have
denied the facts of other investigators on a priori grounds of absurdity or im
possibility, the deniers have always been wrong.Prof. Alfred E. Wallace.
ABTIf- "BEVI W
To Him that stretched out the Earth above the Waters ; fo r His mercy
endureth for ever. Psa. 1 3 6 : 6.
No. 7 . MAY, 1894. P r ic e 2 d.
PROFESSOR TOTTEN
AND
JOSHUAS LONG DAY.
^ I N C E publishing our pam phlet on the The Sun Standing Still,
a friend has lent us a copy of a larger pam phlet by Professor
T otten, of N ew H aven, en titled Joshuds Long D ay. I t is a
remarkable production, an d serves generally to shew the w onderful ac
curacy of Bible Chronology. I t is on the sam e lines as th e writings of
Mr. Dimbleby in A l l P a st Time, a gentlem an whom th e editor of The
Earth Review has had th e pleasure of m eeting m ore th an once in L on
don, But while these gentlem en b o th m ake good C hronologists, we
are sorry to have to p o in t out th eir inconsistency as Cosm ologists an d
as Christian writers. T h ey h old with m odern A stronom ers, infidels,
and evolutionists of all kinds, th a t th e earth on which we live, is a rota
ting globe, revolving about th e sun, an d dashing onw ards through
space quicker th an a flash of lightning. T his is n ot only con
trary to natural appearances, b u t is also contrary to th e Bible doctrine
that the earth rests upon foundations, an d is established so fast th at
it cannot be m oved. O ne or oth er of th ese views m ust b e false.
What is the use o f proving th a t Bible Chronology is correct if Bible
Cosmology is all wrong ? A nd where is th e consistency of defending
one part of the Sacred W ritings, while practically denying another ?
According to inspired writers, Bible Cosm ogony is at th e basis of all
Gods dealings with, an d revelation to, his creatures. H en ce it is placed
in the forefront of th e H oly Scriptures, in th e very first chapter of
Genenis. A nd as Mr. T o tte n s a y s;
It is the Bible that Atheists and Infidels attackthe Old Testament
chieflyfor they are logical, and perceive that if the foundation goes, the
super-structure cannot stand, no matter how eloquently it can be clothed in
Agnostic sermons . . . It will not do to doubt the universality of the
Plood, and ask men to accept a Saviour who alludes to it . . . If the
story of Eden, and the Deluge, of Jericho and Joshua are myths or fables, and