CE 579: STRUCTRAL STABILITY AND DESIGN

Amit H. Varma
Assistant Professor
School of Civil Engineering
Purdue University
Ph. No. (765) 496 3419
Email: ahvarma@purdue.edu
Office hours: M-T-Th 10:30-11:30 a.m.
 Chapter 2. Second-Order Differential Equations

This chapter focuses on deriving second-order differential

equations governing the behavior of elastic members
2.1 First order differential equations
2.2 Second-order differential equations
 Twisting component of internal forces

Twisting moments M are produced by the internal and external

forces
There are four components contributing to the total M
(1) Contribution from Mx and My M
(2) Contribution from axial force P M
(3) Contribution from normal stress s M
(4) Contribution from end reactions Rx and Ry M

The total twisting moment M = M + M + M + M

 Twisting component 4 of 4
Wagners effect or contribution
complicated.
Two cross-sections that are d
apart will warp with respect to
each other.
The stress element dA will
become inclined by angle (a
d/d with respect to d axis.
Twist produced by each stress
element about S is equal to
d
dM 3 a dA a
d
d
M 3
d A a 2 dA
 Twisting component 4 of 4

Let , a 2 dA K
A
d
M 3 K
d
d
M 3 K for small angles
dz
x
y

x
y
 Total Twisting Component
M = M + M + M + M
M = Mx u + My v M = P (y0 u x0 v) M = -K
M = (MTY + MBY) v/L (MTX + MBX) u/L
Therefore,
v u
M M x u M y v P y0 u x0 v M TY M BY M TX M BX K
L L
v u
M ( M x P y0 ) u ( M y P x0 ) v ( M TY M BY ) ( M TX M BX ) K
L L
z
But , M x M BX ( M BX M TX ) P (v x0 )
L
z
and , M y M BY ( M BY M TY ) P(u y0 )
L
z z
M ( M BX ( M BX M TX ) P y0 ) u ( M BY ( M BY M TY ) P x0 ) v
L L
v u
( M TY M BY ) ( M TX M BX ) K
L L
 Internal moments about the axes
Thus, now we have the internal moments about the axes for the
deformed member cross-section.
M TX M BX P v P x0 M BY M TY M BY
z z
M M BX
L L

M TX M BX P u P y0 M BX M TY M BY
z z
M M BY
L L
z z
M ( M BX ( M BX M TX ) P y0 ) u ( M BY ( M BY M TY ) P x0 ) v
L L
v u
( M TY M BY ) ( M TX M BX ) K
L L

 Internal Moment Deformation Relations
The internal moments M, M, and M will still produce flexural bending
about the centroidal principal axis and twisting about the shear center.
The flexural bending about the principal axes will produce
linearly varying longitudinal stresses.
The torsional moment will produce longitudinal and shear
stresses due to warping and pure torsion.
The differential equations relating moments to deformations are
still valid. Therefore,
M = - E I v ..(I = Ix)
M = E I u ..(I= Iy)
M = G KT E Iw
 Internal Moment Deformation Relations

Therefore,

M TX M BX P v P x0 M BY M TY M BY
z z
M E I x v M BX
L L

M TX M BX P u P y0 M BX M TY M BY
z z
M E I y u M BY
L L
z
M G KT E I w ( M BX ( M BX M TX ) P y0 ) u
L
z v u
( M BY ( M BY M TY ) P x0 ) v ( M TY M BY ) ( M TX M BX ) K
L L L
 Second-Order Differential Equations
You end up with three coupled differential equations that relate
the applied forces and moments to the deformations u, v, and .
Therefore,
z z
1 E I x v P v P x0 M BY M TY M BY M BX M TX M BX
L L
z z
2 E I y u P u P y0 M BX M TY M BY M BY M TX M BX

L L
z
3 E I w (G KT K ) u ( M BX ( M BX M TX ) P y0 )
L
z v u

v ( M BY ( M BY M TY ) P x0 ) ( M TY M BY ) ( M TX M BX ) 0
L L L

These differential equations can be used to investigate the elastic

behavior and buckling of beams, columns, beam-columns and
also complete frames that will form a major part of this course.
 Chapter 3. Structural Columns

3.1 Elastic Buckling of Columns

3.2 Elastic Buckling of Column Systems Frames
3.3 Inelastic Buckling of Columns
3.4 Column Design Provisions (U.S. and Abroad)
 3.1 Elastic Buckling of Columns

Start out with the second-order differential equations derived in

Chapter 2. Substitute P=P and MTY = MBY = MTX = MBX = 0
Therefore, the second-order differential equations simplify to:

1 E I x v P v P x0 0
2 E I y u P u P y0 0

3 E I w (G KT K ) u ( P y0 ) v ( P x0 ) 0

This is all great, but before we proceed any further we need to

deal with Wagners effect which is a little complicated.
 Wagners effect for columns

K a 2 dA
A

where,
P M y M x
E Wn
A Ix Iy
M P (v x0 )
M P (u y0 )
P P (v x0 ) y P (u y0 ) x
K E Wn a 2 dA
A A
Ix Iy
P P (v x0 ) y P (u y0 ) x
K E Wn a 2 dA
A Ix Iy A
P
Neglecting higher order terms; K a 2 dA
A A
 Wagners effect for columns
But , a 2 ( x0 x) 2 ( y0 y ) 2
a 2 dA ( x0 x) 2 ( y0 y ) 2 dA
A A

a 2 dA x02 y02 x 2 y 2 2 x0 x 2 y0 y dA
A A

a 2 dA x02 y02 dA x 2 dA y 2 dA 2 x0 x dA 2 y0 y dA
A A A A A A

a 2 dA ( x02 y02 ) A I x I y
A

Finally,
P
K ( x02 y02 ) A I x I y
A
Ix Iy
K P ( x02 y02 )
A
2 Ix I y
Let r0 ( x0 y0 )
2 2

A
K P r02
 Second-order differential equations for columns

Simplify to:

1 E I x v P v P x0 0
2 E I y u P u P y0 0

3 E I w ( P r02 G KT ) u ( P y0 ) v ( P x0 ) 0
 Column buckling doubly symmetric section

x o= y0 = 0