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Appendix F.

Notation Index
This list covers the notation used more or less throughout the A specific Helmholtz energy = U-TS, (E)/(M), joules/
text. Other notation is defined and used locally. Individual gmol
a =
letters, a, b, c,..., k,..., A, B, C,... , , , . . . , often are i fi/f, activity of a species in a mixture
used to represent empirical constants. Physical dimensions are Ay, Aji parameters of the Margules or van Laar equations
[E] for thermal energy, [F] for force, [L] for length, [M] for b residual volume parameter of the van der Waals,
mass, [T] for temperature, and [t] for time. Typical units also Redlich-Kwong, Soave, Peng-Robinson, and some
are given in some instances, such as: V, [L 3 ]/[M], liters/gmol. other cubic EOS, (L 3 )/(M), liters/gmol
Sometimes references are made to places in the text where the B = bP/RT, derived parameter of the Redlich-Kwong,
symbol is introduced first or where it is defined more Soave, and P-R EOS
completely and in context. The symbols are grouped in these Cj concentration of the species, (M)/(L 3 ), gmol/liter
categories: Cy binary interaction parameter for the cross-attraction
parameter of the Redlich-Kwong, Soave, and Peng-
F.l. Acronyms,
Robinson EOS, Section 1.3.6.
F.2. Letters,
Cp heat capacity at constant pressure, (E)/(M)(T),
F.3. Greek letters,
joules/(gmol)(K)
F.4. Subscripts, Cv heat capacity at constant volume, (E)/(M)(T),
F.5. Superscripts, joules/(gmol)(K)
F.6. Special symbols. / fugacity, (E)/(L 2 ), bar, Torr
fi partial fugacity of species i, (E)/(L 2 ), bar, Torr
F.1. ACRONYMS F total mass or mol number of a system, in flash
calculations, Chap. 6
A SOG analytical Solution of Groups
g =n G/R T= G/RT, Gibbs energy function
BWR Benedict- Webb-ubin equation of state
G specific Gibbs energy, H-TS, (E)/(M), joules/gmol
BWRS Benedict- J^ebb-ubin-Starling equation of
AG' see AM'
state
gc conversion factor of mass and force units, (M)(L)/
EOS .Equation of State
(F)(t2). Numerical values in Table G.l
LEMF Local equivalent Mol Fraction, a special case
AC?f298 Gibbs energy of formation in the standard state from
of the NRTL equation, with a 1 2 = ~ 1
I^K Lee-'esler equation of state the elements at 298 K, (E)/(M), joules/gmol
L-K-P Lee-'esler-Plcker equation of state Sii* gji parameters of the NRTL equation, Table 4.4
Gij, Gji parameters of the NRTL equation, Table 4.4
LLE Liquid-Liquid equilibrium
AGrxn Gibbs energy change accompanying reaction, (E)/
N-R TVewton-aphson method
(M), joules/(gmol of reference substance or for the
NRTL M)n-i?andom-7wo-Liquid, a correlation of ac
reaction as written)
tivity coefficients.
H specific enthalpy, U+ PV, (E)/(M), joules/gmol
PCS Principle of Corresponding States
AH' see AM'
P-R Peng-obinson equation of state
AHf 298 enthalpy of formation in the standard state from the
R-K edlich-'wong equation of state
elements at 298 K, (E)/(M), joules/gmol
SH Scatchard & //ildebrand, solubility parameter
AHm enthalpy of melting, (E)/(M), joules/gmol
activity coefficient
AHrxn enthalpy change accompanying a reaction, (E)/(M),
SHFH Scatchard-Zfildebrand-Elory-i/uggins
joules/(gmol of reference substance or for the
equation
reaction as stoichiometrically written)
T-K-W Tsuboka-'atayama-Wilson equation
/ enthalpy of vaporization, (E)/(M), joules/gmol
UNIFAC UNIQUAC Functional Group A ctivity
k = Cp/Cv, ratio of heat capacities
Coefficients, a method of calculating activity
Ka = Kce = Krxn, equilibrium constant of a chemical
coefficients from molecular structure
reaction expressed in terms of activities. For Kf, Kx,
UNIQUAC i/Mversal QUAsi Chemical, a correlation of
Ky, K, see Table 10.2.
activity coefficients K
VER Vaporization .Equilibrium Patio = Kj = ytfXi ce =Krxn' S e e # a .
VLE Fapor-Liquid Equilibrium kHi Henry's law coefficient, kHi =fi/Xi, or kHi = ,/,,
(F)/(L2), bar
kjj binary interaction parameter for cross-critical
F.2. LETTERS
temperature, Section 1.3.6
a attraction parameter of the van der Waals, Soave or Ki ^yi/Xi, vaporization equilibrium ratio, VER,
Peng-Robinson EOS, (L6)/M2, (liters/gmol)2 Chapter 6
a attraction parameter of the Redlich-Kwong EOS, L amount of a liquid phase, mass, or mol number, (M),
(L 6 )(r- 5 )/(M 2 ), (liter)2(K)-5/(gmol)2 gmols, Chapter 6
a, b, c parameters of some cubic equations of state // term in the UNIQUAC and UNIF AC methods,
A = aP/R2T25, derived parameter of the R-K EOS Table 4.4
A = aaP/R2T2, derived parameter of the Soave or M any intensive thermodynamic property, used for
Peng-Robinson EOS making generalized statements, such as
633
634 Appendix F. Notation Index

=, which could mean, for example, volatility of species i relative to that of species y
G = GiXi parameters in the NRTL equation
M molecular weight group of terms in the Wilson equation, Table 4.4
M' see AM' 7/ = fl|-/x,, activity coefficient of species /
AM' = Mld M, departure or residual of a property of a ? limiting value of activity coefficient at zero
substance from the value it would have if it behaved concentration or infinite dilution.
as an ideal gas solubility parameter of species i, ([E]/[L3])05,
Mm = M , property change on mixing, the (cal/ml) 0 5
difference between the values of the property of the solubility parameter of the mixture, same units as
mixture and the weighted value of the properties of
the components of the mixture A a difference, as in AU= /fmal - C/initial
"i number of mois of the species in the system = (z /)/,, + for products and for
P pressure of a system, (F)/(L2), bar, Ton- reactants, degree of advancement of a reaction,
Pc critical pressure, (F)/(L2), bar, Ton- gmol/unit of stoichiometric coefficient
Pi partial pressure of a species /, (F)/(L2), bar, Torr area fraction of species i in UNIQUAC equation
p pseudocritical pressure of a mixture, Section 1.3.4 \y, \ji exponential parameters in Wilson or T-K-Wilson
r
pc = P/Pc, reduced pressure equations, []/[M], cal/gmol, Table 4.4
Pr
= P s a t , vapor pressure, (F/L2), bar, Ton- Aijt Wilson or T-K-Wilson parameters, Table 4.4
P osmotic pressure, (F)/(L2), bar, Torr
posm = (dT/dP)fj, Joule-Thomson coefficient
psat = P, vapor pressure, (F)/L2), bar, Torr Mi = Gy, chemical potential of species i
amount of heat transfer, (E), joules or Btu v, stoichiometric coefficient of species i
Qi area parameter of the UNIQUAC and UNIFAC P density, [M]/[L 3 ], gmol/liter
methods, Table 4.4 parameters of the NRTL equation, Table 4.4

Qk area parameter contribution of molecular group k, =fi/P, fugacity coefficient
Tables . , . 13 =yj/y I i > , partial fugacity coefficient of species i in a
R gas constant, (E)/(M)(T). Numerical values are mixture
given in Table A.5. , = ://:/, volume fraction of species / in a
volume parameter of the UNIQUAC and UNIFAC mixture
methods, Table 4.4 acentric factor
Rk volume parameter contribution of molecular group k,
Table E.11.E.13
s specific entropy, (E)/(M)(T), joules/(gmol)(K)
AS' see AM'
ASm entropy of melting = AHm/Tm F.4. SUBSCRIPTS
T temperature, (f), K, R, C, F
i* j , k,... identifying a species in a mixture, as in ,
T
bp temperature of boiling at atmospheric pressure, (T)
T critical temperature b at the normal boiling point, as in Tb
melting temperature, (T) c critical property, as in Tc
T
ce chemical equilibrium, as in Kce
T pseudocritical temperature of a mixture, Section
*pc m at the melting point, as
1.3.4
mix of a mixture, as in Tc mix ; or of mixing, as in
= T/TC9 reduced temperature
T
tp temperature of the triple point, (7)
r reduced property, as in Tr = T/Tc
u specific internal energy, (E)/(M), joules/gmol
rxn of reaction as in / / , ^ , enthalpy change of
AU' see AM'
reaction
Uijt Uji parameters of the UNIQUAC equation, Table 4.4
sun sunoundings
V amount of a vapor phase, (M), gmols or grams,
syst system
Chapter 6
bp at the atmospheric boiling point
specific volume, (L 3 )/(M), the reciprocal of the
pc pseudocritical, Section 1.3.4
density, p, liters/gmol, liters/kg
tp at the triple point, as in Ttp
critical volume
r
pc pseudocritical volume of a mixture, Section 1.3.4
= V/Vc, reduced volume
w work transfer, (E), joules, Btu, ft-lbf
Xi mol fraction of a species in a liquid-phase mixture
yi mol fraction of a species in a vapor-phase mixture F.5. SUPERSCRIPTS
z = PV/RT, compressibility factor
0 property of a standard state, as in f
Z
C = PCVC/RTC, critical compressibility
* limiting value of a property, as P -* 0 or V -
Z
i mol fraction of a species in all phases of a system id property of an ideal gas, as in Hid
liq property of a liquid, as in/} i q
sat property at saturation conditions, as in P s a t = vapor
F.3. GREEK LETTERS pressure
a parameter of Soave and Peng-Robinson equations, sol property of a solid phase, as in/7 o 1
Tables 1.11 and 1.13 vap property of a vapor phase, as inf]ap
Appendix F. Notation Index 635

F.6. SPECIAL S Y M B O L S prime, designating a residual property, as in AH'=


H^ H
overscore, partial molai property, as in H{ = " "
(dH/dnfopn. . 2~i mathematical summation, as in 2^ JC, = x\ + x2 +
underscore, identifying the property of the total mass of * + xn
a system, as in H = nH " "
carat, used only in^ and 0/ to identify these properties JQ mathematical product, as in l i xt = xxx2 .. .xn
of a species in a mixture

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