VISION IAS

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ANSWERS & EXPLANATION

GENERAL STUDIES (P) TEST 2110 (2017)

Q 1.C

Young India was launched by Jamnadas Dwarkdas, Shankerlal Banker and Indulal Yagnik. The other two
were of Annie Besant.

Q 2.C

In March 1919, the government passed the Rowlatt Act even though every single Indian member of the
Central Legislative Council opposed it. This Act authorised the Government to imprison any person
without trial and conviction in a court of law. The Act would thus also enable the government to suspend
the right of Habeas corpus which had been the foundation of civil liberties in Britain.

Q 3.C

Indian Muslims were critical of the treatment meted out to Turkey (Ottoman Empire) under Treaty of
Sevres. Khilafat movement was launched to influence British in its treatment of the Ottoman Empire post
World War 1.

Q 4.D

During the national movement, the government enforced several restrictions to curb the freedom of press.
However the nationalist press used several means to circumvent the government's restrictions. Statement 1
is correct: Since section 124A excluded writings of persons whose loyalty to the government was
undoubted, nationalists invariably prefaced their vitriolic writing with effusive sentiments of loyalty to the
government and to the Queen.
Statement 2 is correct as: They would cite from London based socialists and Irish newspapers knowing
well that the government could not discriminate by just taking action against them while leaving the
offending Britishers untouched.
Statement 3 is correct as: Often the radical expose would take the form of advice and warning to the
government as if from a well wisher, as if the writer's main purpose was to save the authorities from its
own follies. B.G. Tilak and Motilal Ghosh were experts at this form of writing.

Q 5.B

Statement 1 is not correct. The session was presided over by Ambika Charan Majumdar.
Statement 2 is correct. The extremists including were welcomed back into the Congress by the Moderate
president, Ambika Charan Mazumdar at this session.
Statement 3 is not correct. The Lucknow Congress was significant also for the famous Congress League
Pact, popularly know as the Lucknow Pact. Both Tilak and Annie Besant had played a leading role in
bringing about this agreement between the Congress and the League, much against the wishes of many
important leaders, including Madan Mohan Malaviya. The pact accepted the principle of separate
electorates for the Muslims.

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Q 6.C

What angered Indians the most was the exclusion of Indians from the Simon Commission and the basic
notion behind this exclusion that foreigners would discuss and decide upon India's fitness for self-
government. So, option c is correct. The demand of "Poorn Swaraj" was made in Lahore Session of
Congress. This session was held in 1929 and Simon Commission was appointed in 1927. Rowlatt act was
in 1919.

Q 7.A

A major aspect of nationalist strategy was the long-drawn out character of the hegemonic struggle. Under
this strategy, which may be described as Struggle-Truce-Struggle or S-T-S', a phase of vigorous extra-
legal mass movement and open confrontation with colonial authority was followed by a phase during
which direct confrontation was withdrawn, and political concessions, if any, wrested from the colonial
regime were worked and shown to be inadequate. During this latter, more 'passive', phase, intense political
and ideological work was carried on among the masses within the existing legal and constitutional
framework, and forces were gathered for another mass movement at a higher level. The culmination of
this strategy of S-T-S' came with a call for 'Quit India' and the achievement of independence

Q 8.D

Statement 1 is correct. Spread of modern western education and thoughts during 19th century imbibed a
modern, rational, secular, democratic and nationalist political outlook, which played a key role in growing
nationalism.
Statement 2 is correct. The chief instrument through which the nationalist-minded Indians spread the
message of patriotism and modern economic, social and political ideas, and created an all-India
consciousness was the Press. Large numbers of nationalist newspapers made their appearance during the
second half of the 19th century.
Statement 3 is correct. Further railway and other communication system also played a critical role in
spread of Nationalism in India.

Q 9.D

Statement 1 is not correct. The Indian National Congress Benares session was presided over by G.K.
Gokhale.
Statement 2 is not correct. The goal of the Indian National Congress as 'self government or Swaraj like
that of the United Kingdom or the Colonies' was declared at the 1906 session at Calcutta presided over
Dadabhai Naroji.
Statement 3 is not correct. The Indian National Congress took up the Swadeshi call and the Banaras
Session, 1905, presided over by G.K. Gokhale, supported the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement for
Bengal. The militant nationalists led by Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lajpat Rai and Aurobindo Ghosh were,
however, in favour of extending the movement to the rest of India and carrying it beyond the programme
of just Swadeshi and boycott to a full fledged political mass struggle. The aim was now Swaraj and the
abrogation of partition had become the 'pettiest and narrowest of all political objects'. The moderates, by
and large, were not as yet willing to go that far.

Q 10.A

Nehru Report was prepared as an alternative to Simon Commission. It was finalised in August 1928. Civil
Disobedience Movement started on 12 March 1930 with Dandi march. Communal award was announced
in 1932.

Q 11.C

One of the biggest reason behind success of CDM was use of traditional means by nationalist leaders to
connect masses.
In Prabhatpheris, bands of men, women and children went around at dawn singing nationalist songs,
became the rule in villages and towns. Patrikas, or illegal news-sheets, sometimes written by hand and
sometimes cyclostyled, were part of the strategy to defy the hated Press Act, and they flooded the country.

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 Magic lanterns were used to take the nationalist message to the villages. Public meeting also helped in to
connect to the masses.
Tying Rakhi was a means of cementing ties during partition of Bengal and part of swadeshi movement.
Hence option (c) is the correct answer.

Q 12.D

Statement 1 is correct. Dharasana Satyagraha was a protest against the British salt tax in colonial India in
May, 1930.
Statement 2 is correct- Sarojini Naidu, Imam Saheb, Gandhiji's comrade of the South African struggle,
and Gandhiji's son Manilaal participated in Dharasana salt Satyagraha.
Statement 3 is correct. It was launched during civil disobedience movement .

Q 13.D

Telengana Rebellion was in 1946. Warlis Revolt was a peasant revolt in Thane, Maharashtra, 1945-47.
Tebhaga Movement was in 1946. Punnapra-Vayalar, is a communist uprising in the princely State of
Travancore, 1946.
Hence all the given events took place after World War II.

Q 14.C

Statement 1:- incorrect, it was conceived by Mohan Singh an ex-army officer of British army who decided
not to support the British after their reversal in South East Asia.
Statement 2:-Incorrect, in the second phase of INA, when Bose was brought to Singapore by means of
German and Japanese submarines, he setup provisional govt for free Indian in 1943 which was recognised
by axis powers. He setup headquarters at Rangoon and Singapore and started reorganizing INA.
Statement 3:- Correct. Rani Jhansi Regiment was was an all women regiment under INA.

Q 15.C

C. Rajagopalachari, led a salt march in Tamilnadu from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore
coast.
K. Kelappan, the hero of the Vaikom Satyagraha, walked from Calicut to Payannur to break the salt law in
Malabar, modern day Kerla.
Frontier Gandhi was active in North West frontier and not in Lahore. Khan Abdul Gaafar Khan lead a
band of non-violent revolutionaries, the Khudai Khidmatgars, popularly known as the Red Shirts that
played an extremely active role in the Civil Disobedience Movement in Peshawar area.

Q 16.C

Statement 1 is correct: Between 1907 and 1908, nine major leaders in Bengal including Ashwini Kumar
Dutt and Krishna Kumar Mitra were deported. Tilak was given a sentence of six years imprisonment; Ajit
Singh and Lajpat Rai of Punjab were deported and Chidambaram Pillai and Harisarvottam Rao from
Madras and Andhra were arrested.
Statement 2 is correct: The internal squabbles, and especially, the split, in 1907 in the Congress, the apex
all-India organization, weakened the movement.
Statement 3 is correct: The government, seeing the revolutionary potential of the movement, came down
with a heavy hand. Repression took the form of controls and bans on public meetings, processions and the
press. Student participants were expelled from Government schools and colleges, debarred from
Government service, fined and at times beaten up by the police.
Statement 4 is incorrect: Annulment of Partition of Bengal was done in 1911 in Delhi Durbar after waning
away of swadeshi movement.

Q 17.A

Statement 1 is correct. The nationalist agitation forced the Government to make some changes in
legislative functioning by the Indian Councils Act of 1892. The number of additional members of the
Imperial and Provincial Legislative Councils was increased from the previous six to ten to ten to sixteen.

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 A few of these member could be elected indirectly through municipal committees, district boards, etc., but
the official majority remained.
Statement 2 is not correct. The members were given the right to discuss the annual budget but they could
neither vote on it nor move a motion to amend it. They could also ask questions but were not allowed to
put supplementary questions or to discuss the answers.

Q 18.B

The British Government summoned in London in 1930 the first Round Table Conference of Indian
leaders and spokesmen of the British Government to discuss the Simon Commission Report. Communal
Award was provided after the failure of 3 Round Table Conferences. It might have appeased Muslim
League but it was not the stated objective of Round Table Conferences.

Q 19.C

Statement 1 is incorrect. The separate electorates for Sikhs and Christians were introduced in 1919 itself.
Separate electorate was introduced for the first time for depressed classes or harijans.
Statement 2 is incorrect as Congress neither rejected nor accepted the proposal. The dilemma was on
account of acceptance granted in Lucknow Session of 1916 towards separate electorates for Muslims.
Statement 3 is correct as Gandhiji undertook fast unto death for putting an end to this proposal. He
believed that proposals would keep harijan community secluded and backward for lifelong.

Q 20.B

Statement 1 is incorrect. It was under Nehru that INC carried out Muslim Mass Contact Programme.
Statement 2 is correct. Jinnah's effort for national unity earned his this title.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Jinnah joined Muslim League much later. Infact he condemned the formation of
ML initially.

Q 21.B

Statement 1 is correct. The Lahore session of Congress in 1930 passed a resolution declaring Poorna
Swaraj as its objective.
Statement 2 is correct. Congress also announced the launching of Civil Disobedience at the Lahore
session.
Statement 3 is incorrect. In Lahore Session, 26 January 1930 was fixed as the first Independence Day not
Republic Day.

Q 22.B

Just when the nationalists were expecting post-War constitutional concessions, the Government came out
with the repressive Rowlatt Act which the nationalists took as an insult. Gandhi called for a nationwide
protest in February 1919. But soon, having seen the constitutional protest fail, Gandhi organised a
Satyagraha Sabha to lauch a satyagraha.

Q 23.B

Statement 1 is incorrect. Gandhi ji was not opposed to modern large scale industry so long as it
augmented, and lightened the burden of human labour and not displaces it. He also wanted large scale
industry to be owned and controlled by the state and not by private capitalists.
Statement 2 is correct. British economists and administrators echoed for investment of British capital as
major instrument for development of India. Indian nationalists including Dadabhai Naoroji, Tilak, Gandhi
and Nehru completely rejected the proposal. As per them, Foreign capital underdeveloped the nation than
to develop it. It suppressed indigenous capital and made growth difficult. Also, it was politically harmful
as it had its impact over the administration.

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Q 24.B

Statement 1- Incorrect. Though interim government was initially formed by the Congress, Muslim league
joined it later. Liyakat Ali khan a Muslim league leader was finance minister in interim government
during 1946. He was instrumental in hamstringing interim governments decision.
Statement 2- correct. Muslim league was in favour of the idea of compulsory groping and pitched
aggressively for it.
Statement 3 - Correct as the concept of autonomus muslim provience was accepted by cripss mission
1942.

Q 25.A

Lokamanya Tilak took the Swadeshi movement to different parts of India, especially Poona and Bombay;
Syed Haidar Raza led the movement in Delhi; Rawalpindi, Kangra, Jammu, Multan and Haridwar
witnessed active participation in the Swadeshi Movement; Ajit Singh and Lala Lajpat Rai spread the
Swadeshi message in Punjab and other parts of northern India. Chidambaram Pillai took the movement to
the Madras presidency

Q 26.B

Statement 1 is correct. Indian Civil Liberties Union was formed in August 1936 after the efforts of Nehru.
It was formed on non-party, non-sectarian lines to mobilize public opinion against all the encroachments
on civil liberties.
Statement 2 is incorrect. National Planning Committee was set up in 1938 by Subhash Chandra Bose to
draw up a development plan for free India under the chairmanship of Nehru.

Q 27.A

Statement 1 is correct. The Cabinet Mission was sent to India in 1946 to negotiate with Indian leaders the
terms of transfer of power to Indians.
Statement 2 is correct. It proposed a two tier federal plan which was expected to maintain national unity
while conceding the largest measure of regional autonomy.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Though the congress and muslim league had differences in interpretations of the
plan, both accepted the plan. However they could not agree on the plan for an interim government.

Q 28.B

Statement 1 is incorrect: as it was applicable only to the Indian languages newspapers, showing British
intent and its discrimination towards vernacular press.
Statement 2 is correct: The act provided for confiscation of the printing press, paper and other materials of
a newspaper if the government believed that it was publishing seditious materials and had flouted an
official warning.

Q 29.D

All the 3 pairs are correctly matched. In Bengal and Bihar, anti-chowkidara campaign was launched
during civil disobedience movement.
Defiance of forest laws assumed a mass character in Maharashtra, Karnataka and the Central Provinces,
especially in areas with large tribal populations who had been the most seriously affected by the colonial
Government's restrictions on the use of the forest.
No revenue no tax campaign was the feature of UP. The no-revenue part was a call to the zamindars to
refuse to pay revenue to the Government; the no rent was a call to the tenants not to pay rent to the
zamindars.
Hence option (d) is the correct answer.

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Q 30.B

Statement 1 is incorrect: Moderates lacked faith in the common people, did not work among them and
consequently failed to acquire any roots among them. The Extremists had made a sharp and effective
critique of the moderates. They believed in the capacity of masses and tried to mobilise the masses. It was
the revolutionary nationalists who believed in the individual heroic actions.
Statement 2 is correct: Extremists had rightly emphasized the role of the masses and the need to go
beyond propaganda and agitation. They had advocated persistent opposition to the Government and put
forward a militant programme of passive resistance and boycott of foreign cloth, foreigners' courts,
education and so on.
Statement 3 is correct: They had demanded self-sacrifice from the youth. They had talked and written
about direct action.

Q 31.D

All the given pairs are correctly matched. Pherozeshah Mehta, K. T. Telang and Badruddin Tyabji formed
Bombay Presidency Association in 1885.
The Poona Sarvajanik sabha was organised by Justice Ranade and others in 1870.
The Madras Maha Jansabha was formed by Viraraghavachari, Subramaniya Iyer, Ananda Charlu and
others in 1884.

Q 32.B

Statement 1 is incorret: Gandhiji returned to India in January 1915. He decided not to take any position on
any political matter for at least one year. However he had no such opinion that it was too early to demand
for swaraj.
Statement 2 is incorrect: He was convinced about the limitations of moderate politics and was not in
favour of Home Rule agitation which was becoming popular at that time.
Statement 3 is correct: He thought that it was not the best time to agitate for Home Rule when Britain was
in the middle of a war. He was convinced that the only technique capable of meeting the nationalist aims
was a non-violent satyagraha.

Q 33.B

Statement 1 is correct. All restrictions on the press were removed. Securities taken from newspapers and
presses were refunded. The blacklisting of newspapers for purposes of government advertising was given
up.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Congress could not attempt an overhaul of agrarian structure by completely
eliminating Zamindari system. The provincial ministers did not have enough powers to do so.
Statement 3 is correct. One of the first acts of the Congress Government was to release thousands of
political prisoners including revolutionaries were released.

Q 34.C

Statement 1 is not correct: The tebhaga struggle was started in Bengal that held the limelight, in late 1946.
Statement 2 is correct: The share-croppers of Bengal began to assert that they would no longer pay a half
share of their crop to the jotedars but only one-third and that before division the crop would be stored in
their khamars (godowns) and not that of the jotedars.
Statement 3 is correct: They were encouraged by the fact that the Bengal Land Revenue Commission,
popularly known as the Floud Commission, had already made this recommendation in its report to the
government.

Q 35.B

Statement 1 not correct. Inspite of the movement having its genesis in anti partition protest in Bengal, the
boycott movement spread to many parts of India.
Statement 2 is correct. As question of spreading the movement on pan India level and question of passive
resistance divided INC which led to split in 1907.

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 Statement 3-The social base of the national movements now extended to include a certain zamindari
section, the lower middle class in the cities and small towns and school and college students on a massive
scale. Women came out of their homes for the first time and joined processions and picketing.
Statement 4- Lord Curzon was viceroy when partition of Bengal was announced.

Q 36.D

Statement 1 is correct. Being fully and consciously secular, he understood, more clearly than many of his
contemporaries, the danger that communalism posed to the nation and the national movement. He often
told his audience that communalism was as big an enemy as colonialism. In April 1928, at the conference
of youth where Naujawan Bharat Sabha was reorganized, Bhagat Singh and his comrades openly opposed
the suggestion that youth belonging to religious communal organizations should be permitted to become
members of the Sabha. Religion was one's private concern and communalism was an enemy to be fought,
argued Bhagat Singh.
Statement 2 is correct. Bhagat Singh revered Lajpat Rai as a leader. But he would not spare even Lajpat
Rai, when, during the last years of his life, Lajpat Rai turned to communal politics. He then launched a
political-ideological campaign against him. Because Lajpat Rai was a respected leader, he would not
publicly use harsh words of criticism against him.
Statement 3 is correct. Bhagat Singh helped establish the Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha in 1926
(becoming its founding Secretary), as the open wing of the revolutionaries. The Sabha was to carry out
open political work among the youth, peasants and workers. It was to open branches in the villages. Under
its auspices, Bhagat Singh used to deliver political lectures with the help of magic lantern slides. Bhagat
Singh and Sukhdev also organized the Lahore Students Union for open, legal work among the students.

Q 37.A

In 1904, V. D. Sarvarkar organized Abhinav Bharat as a secret society of revolutionaries.

Q 38.A

Statement 1 is correct: This reform increased the number of elected members in both Imperial Legislative
Council and the provincial councils. But most of the elected members were elected indirectly.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Morley Minto Reform introduced separate electorate for the Muslim not for the
Sikhs and Christians.

Q 39.C

Quit India Movement was started in Aug 1942 after the breakdown of negotiations between Cripps
Mission (March 1942) and the Congress. Cabinet Mission - 1946, Wavell Plan - 1945 and Simon
Commission - 1928.

Q 40.D

The impact of the Left on the national movement was reflected in the resolution on Fundamental Rights
and Economic Policy passed by the Karachi session of the Congress in 1931, the resolutions on economic
policy passed at the Faizpur session in 1936, the Election Manifesto of the Congress in 1936, the setting
up of a National Planning Committee in 1938, and the increasing shift of Gandhiji towards radical
positions on economic and class issues.

Q 41.D

Statement 1 is correct. The activities during the Quit India movement included that of organizing the
disruption of communications by blowing up bridges, cutting telegraph and telephone wires and derailing
trains.
Statement 2 is correct: There were also a few attacks on government and police officials and police
informers.
Statement 3 is correct. For dissemination of news they came up with underground Radio. Congress radio
operated from different locations in Bombay. Ram Manohar Lohia, regularly broadcasted on his radio.

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 Statement 4 is correct. Parallel governments were propped up in various locations - Ballia under Chittu
Pande, in Tamluk , in satara etc. They mostly helped in releasing arrested local leaders, set up arbitration
courts, conducted Gandhian marriages etc.

Q 42.C

The Cunningham circular of the Assam Government in 1930 prohibited the students from participating in
political activities associated with the freedom movement. The students and their guardians were to
furnish assurances of good behaviour. A powerful agitation led by students was launched against the
infamous 'Cunningham circular'.

Q 43.D

Statement 1 is incorrect, Sardar Patel advised rebellion to surrender and after the 3rd upsurge they heeded
to his discretion.
Statement 2 is also incorrect, Gandhi wrote in his periodical Harijan that,if they mutinied for freedom of
India they were doubly wrong, further he brought in Tilak's concept of Swaraj and reiterated that, swarj
cant be obtained by what is going on now in Bombay, Calcutta and Karachi.
Statement 3 is correct, muslim ratings went to the league to seek advices on the future action, Jinnah
advised them to surreneder themselves to the authority.

Q 44.B

Option (a) is correct: Corps of volunteers (or samitis as they were called) were a major form of mass
mobilization widely used by the Swadeshi Movement.
Option (b) is incorrect: The Swadesh Bandhab Samiti set up by Ashwini Kumar Dutt, a school teacher, in
Barisal was the most well known volunteer organization of them all.
Option (c) is correct: Through the activities of this Samiti, whose 159 branches reached out to the
remotest corners of the district, Dutt was able to generate an unparalleled mass following among the
predominantly Muslim peasantry of the region.
Option (d) is correct: Barisal Samiti reportedly settled 523 disputes through eighty-nine arbitration
committees.

Q 45.D

Non-cooperation programme was first launched by the Khilafat committee and later supported by
Congress at its special session in Calcutta. It professed a boycott of legislative councils, schools, colleges,
law courts, official titles, hounours and foreign cloth, till the Punjab and Khilafat wrongs were undone and
till Swaraj was attained.

Q 46.C

Statement 1 is correct - The British policy of consciously attempting to use communalism to turn the
Muslims against the Swadeshi Movement was to a large extent responsible for this. This was the period
when the All India Muslim League was set up with the active guidance and support of the Government.
More specifically, in Bengal, people like Nawab Salimullah of Dacca were propped up as centres of
opposition to the Swadeshi Movement. Mullahs and maulvis were pressed into service and,
unsurprisingly, at the height of the Swadeshi Movement communal riots broke out in Bengal.
Statement 2 is correct: The use of traditional popular customs, festivals and institutions for mobilizing the
masses-a technique used widely to generate mass movements, especially in the initial stages-was
misinterpreted and distorted by communalists backed by the state.
Statement 3 is not correct because British never assured any land reforms and infact Muslim league which
supported the partition was predominantly led by rich zamindars and rulers which were against any sort of
reform in land ownership.

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Q 47.C

Statement 1 is correct- as British policy in 1946 clearly indicated for a united India, The British preferred
a united Indian subcontinent that could be a strong ally in commonwealth nation. Cabinet Mission was of
the opinion that Pakistan was not viable and that the minorities' autonomy must somehow be safeguarded
within the framework of a united India.
Statement 2 is incorrect as the provinces and princes were not given the option to be independent that may
lead to Balkanisation of India. They were given freedom to enter either with the successor government or
with British government but not an independent unit.
Statement 3 is correct. Based on the recommendations of Cabinet Mission Plan, elections were held to
form Constituent Assembly for drafting a new Constitution.

Q 48.D

Pair 1 is correct. Chittagong Raid was organised in Bengal by Surya Sen in 1930.
Pair 2 is correct. Ram Prasad bismil was involved in and tried under Kakori robbery.
Pairs 3 and 4 are correct. Both Meerut and Kanpur Conspiracy case were tried against communists. S.A.
Dange being a communist leader, was tried in Meerut case. M.N Roy was also a communist leader. He
was tried in Kanpur Conspiracy.

Q 49.C

Frightened by the spread of socialist and communist ideas and influence and believing that the crucial role
in this respect was being played by British and other foreign agitators sent to India by the Communist
International, the Government proposed to acquire the power to deport 'undesirable' and 'subversive'
foreigners by introducing Public Safety Bill, 1928. Hence option (c) is the correct answer.

Q 50.D

Statement 1 is correct. Agitations against the entry of the Indians were launched by native American
labourers and these were supported by politicians looking for the popular vote. White labour force and
unions resented the competition they offered.
Statement 2 is correct. The Secretary of State for India urged for restrictions on immigration. For one, he
believed that the terms of close familiarity of Indians with Whites which would inevitably take place in
America was not good for British prestige; it was by prestige alone that India was held and not by force.
Statement 3 is correct. He was further worried that the immigrants would get contaminated by socialist
ideas, and that the racial discrimination to which they were bound to be subjected would become the
source of nationalist agitation in India.' The combined pressure resulted in an effective restriction on
Indian immigration into Canada in 1908.

Q 51.A

Statement 1 is correct. As an answer to the challenge of the Simon Commission, Indian political leaders
organized several all-India conferences to settle communal issues and draw up an agreed constitution for
India. A large number of Muslim communal leaders met at Delhi in December 1927 and evolved four
basic demands known as the Delhi Proposals.
Statement 2 is correct. Delhi proposal had 4 demands

1) Sindh to be made a separate electorate,

2) NWFP should be treated constitutionally on the same footing as other provinces.
3) Muslims should be have 33.3 % reservation in the central legislature.
4) Proportional representation in Punjab and Bengal.

Statement 3 is not correct. Nehru accepted the first two demands of Delhi Proposals related to Sindh and
NWFP. However it did not accept the other two demands.

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Q 52.A

Statement 1 is correct. The Government conceded the right to make salt for personal consumption, not
commercial sale.
Statement 2 is correct. The Congress suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement and agreed to take part
in the 2nd round table conference. The third round table conference was held much later during the 2nd
phase of Civil disobedience movement. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.

Q 53.B

The Swarajists like C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru wanted to end the boycott to legislative councils and to
use them as platforms for nationalist movement after the suspension of the Non Cooperation movement.
Whereas the No Changers like Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Dr. Ansari and others opposed Council entry as
they felt it would lead to neglect of Constructive work among the masses.

Q 54.D

Statement D is correct - by 1942 Japan had occupied Rangoon. Britain now desperately wanted India's
cooperation in the war efforts and hence in Mar 1942, a mission headed by Sir Stafford Cripps was sent to
India.
Statements A, B and C are incorrect. No committee was formed for the stated purposes.

Q 55.B

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Montagu-Chelmsford reforms introduced Dyarchy at the provincial level,
with reserved and transferred subject. The reserved subjects like finance and law and order remained
under the control of Governor, administered through bureaucracy. The transferred subjects were brought
under the control of ministers responsible to the legislatures.
Statement 2 is correct: It introduced bicameral legislature at the centre i.e. two houses of legislature.
Lower house was the legislative assembly and the upper house was the council of state.
Statement 3 is incorrect: At the central level, the legislature had no control over Governor General and his
executive council.

Q 56.C

Statement 1 is correct. A.O. Hume was a retired civil servant and a man of high ideals so that his presence
in INC would have helped in escaping any kind of hostility at such an early stage. They assumed that the
rulers would be less suspicious and less likely to attack a potentially subversive organization if its chief
organizer was a retired British civil servant.
Statement 2 is correct. There were very few people that time who were familiar with western political and
liberal ideologies and the tradition of open opposition to the rulers was not yet firmly entrenched.

Q 57.B

The Bombay Plan is the name commonly given to a World War II era set of proposals the development of
the Post-Independence economy of India. Titled "A Brief Memorandum Outlining a Plan of Economic
Development for India", the signatories of the Plan were Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, Ghanshyam
Das Birla, Ardeshir Dalal, Sri Ram, Kasturbhai Lalbhai, Ardeshir Darabshaw Shroff, Sir Purshottamdas
Thakurdas and John Mathai.

Q 58.C

Statement 1 is not correct. Elections were held in 11 provinces ,The Indian National Congress emerged in
power in eight of the provinces - the three exceptions being Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh. The All-India
Muslim League failed to form the government in any province.
Statement 2 is not correct. In the Working Committee discussions Gandhiji opposed office acceptance and
posed the alternative of quiet preparation in the villages for the resumption of civil disobedience. But by
the beginning of 1936 he felt that the latter was still not feasible; he was, therefore, willing to give a trial
to the formation of Congress ministries, especially as the overwhelming mood of the party favoured this
course.
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 Statement 3 is correct. As per the mandate of Govt. of India act 1935 election were held in 11 provinces
under Govt. of India act 1935, partial reorganisation of the provinces happened Sindh was separated from
Bombay, Bihar and Orissa was split into separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa

Q 59.A

Statement 1 is correct. In May, 1939, Subhash Bose and his followers formed the Forward Bloc as a new
party within the Congress.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Bose declared All India protest against an AICC resolution. This attracted
disciplinary action not his move to form Forward Bloc. Also he was not ousted from party. He was
removed from Bengal Provincial Congress Committee and was debarred from holding any office in
Congress for 3 years.

Q 60.D

Statement 1 is correct. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar organized Abhinav Bharat in 1906.

Statement 2 is correct. Sandhya and Yugantar in Bengal and Kal in Maharashtra were the prominent
newspapers which advocated revolutionary terrorism during early 20th century.
Statement 3 is correct. The revolutionary organisation Anushilan Samiti was active in Bengal. It is one of
most famous revolutionary terrorism organisations of early 20th century. Its Dhaka section alone had 500
branches.

Q 61.D
Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct as: Their weakness lay in their lack of preparedness. They had
underestimated the might of British. Also Lala Hardayal though a propagandist and inspirer, was not
adept at organizing a movement at that scale. Their organizational structure was also weak.
Statement 4 is not correct. Though a majority of the leaders of the Ghadar Movement, and most of the
participants were drawn from among the Sikhs, the ideology that was created and spread through the
Ghadar and other publications was strongly secular in tone.

Q 62.A

Mappila Revolt- The Mappilas were the Muslim tenants inhabiting the Malabar region where most of the
landlords were Hindus. The Mappilas had expressed their resentment against the oppression of the
landlords during the nineteenth century also. Their grievances centred around lack of security of tenure,
high rents, renewal fees and other oppressive exactions.
The Mappila tenants were particularly encouraged by the demand of the local Congress body for a
government legislation regulating tenant-landlord relations. Soon, the Mappila movement merged with the
ongoing Khilafat agitation. The leaders of the Khilafat - Non-Cooperation Movement like Gandhi,
Shaukat Ali and Maulana Azad addressed Mappila meetings. After the arrest of national leaders, the
leadership passed into the hands of local Mappila leaders.
Things took a turn for the worse in August 1921 when the arrest of a respected priest leader, Ali Musaliar,
sparked off large - scale riots. Initially, the symbols of British authority-courts, police stations, treasuries
and offices- and unpopular landlords (jenmies who were mostly Hindus) were the targets. But once the
British declared martial law and repression began in earnest, the character of the rebellion underwent a
definite change.
Many Hindus were seen by the Mappilas to be helping the authorities. What began as an anti-government
and anti - landlord affair acquired communal overtones. The communalization of the rebellion completed
the isolation of the Mappilas from the Khilafat- Non-Cooperation Movement. By December 1921, all
resistance had come to an end.

Q 63.C
Statement 1 is incorrect. The Harijan campaign aimed at root and branch eradication of untouchability
practice. It was launched by Gandhiji post signing of Poona Pact in 1932. Non Cooperation Movement
was during 1919 to 1922.
Statement 2 is incorrect as Gandhiji actively supported the activities of Harijan Sewak Sangh and even
collected donations for the same.
Statement 3 is correct. Gandhiji gave utmost respect to traditional literature and shastras but if it
propagated the untouchability practice, it was to be contradicted in every means.
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Q 64.A

On June 14, 1945, Lord Wavell came out with Balkanisation plan.
The Cabinet Mission came to India in March 1946 to negotiate the setting up of a national government
and to set into motion machinery for transfer of power It was against Cabinet Mission proposal to set into
motion a machinery for transfer of power to Indian dominion.
On March 22, 1947 Mountbatten came as the last Viceroy and charged with the task of Winding up the
Raj by 30th June 1948. Mountbatten's formula was to divide India but retain maximum unity.

Q 65.D

Statement 1 is correct. The Swadeshi period saw the creative use of traditional popular festivals and melas
as a means of reaching out to the masses. The Ganapati and Shivaji festivals, popularized by Tilak,
became a medium for Swadeshi propaganda not only in Western India but also in Bengal. Traditional folk
theatre forms such as jatras are extensively used in disseminating the Swadeshi message in an intelligible
form to vast sections of the people, many of whom were being introduced to modern political ideas for the
first time.
Statement 2 is correct. Another important aspect of the Swadeshi Movement was the great emphasis given
to self-reliance or 'Atmasakti' as a necessary part of the struggle against the government. Self reliance in
various fields meant the re-asserting of national dignity, honor and confidence.
Statement 3 is correct. Among the several forms of struggle thrown up by the movement, it was the
boycott of foreign goods which met with the greatest visible success at the practical and popular level.
Boycott and public burning of foreign cloth, picketing of shops selling foreign goods, all became common
in remote corners of Bengal as well as in many important towns and cities throughout the country.
Women refused to wear foreign bangles and use foreign utensils, washermen refused to wash foreign
clothes and even priests declined offerings which contained foreign sugar.
Statement 4 is correct. Corps of volunteers (or samitis as they were called) were another major form of
mass mobilization widely used by the Swadeshi Movement. The Swadesh Bandhab Samiti set up by
Ashwini Kumar Dutt, a school teacher, in Barisal was the most well known volunteer organization of
them all.

Q 66.B
At the Surat conference in 1907, congress split. The moderate leaders having captured the machinery of
the congress excluded the militant extremist elements from it.
The congress split into 2 separate groups of moderates and extremists.

Q 67.D

Statement 1 is correct: All-India Kisan Congress was established in Lucknow in April 1936 which later
changed its name to the All India Kisan Sabha. Swami Sahajanand, the militant founder of the Bihar
Provincial Kisan Sabha (1929), was elected the President, and N.G. Ranga, the pioneer of the Kisan
Movement in Andhra and a renowned scholar of the agrarian problem, the General Secretary.
Statement 2 is correct: The first session was greeted in person by Jawaharlal Nehru. Other participants
included Ram Manohar Lohia, Sohan Singh Josh, Indulal Yagnik, Jayaprakash Narayan, Mohanlal
Gautam, Kamal Sarkar, Sudhin Pramanik and Ahmed Din.
Statement 3 is correct: A Kisan Manifesto was finalized at the All-India Kisan Committee session in
Bombay and formally presented to the Congress Working Committee to be incorporated into its
forthcoming manifesto for the 1937 elections. The Kisan Manifesto considerably influenced the agrarian
programme adopted by the Congress at its Faizpur session, which included demands for fifty per cent
reduction in land revenue and rent, a moratorium on debts, the abolition of feudal levies, security of tenure
for tenants, a living wage for agricultural labourers, and the recognition of peasant unions.

Q 68.B
Statement 1 was incorrect: Gandhiji asked government servents to openly declare their alligiance to the
congress and not to resign.
Statement 2 was incorrect: Gandhiji asked the soldiers to refuse to fire on their own people and not to
leave their posts.
Statement 3 is correct: Gandhiji asked the princes of the Princely states to accept the sovereignty of their
own people.
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Q 69.D

Deccan Pesant Riots took place during 1870s having no relation with Non Cooperation Movement(NCM).
No tax movement at Guntur was peaceful movement during 1920s directed against the government. It was
a part of NCM. Kisan Movement initiated in UP, Akali Movement in Punjab and Mopilah revolt in
Kerala. All of three were indirecy impacted by the passions triggered by NCM. Hence option (d) is the
correct answer.

Q 70.D

The defence of the INA prisoners was taken up by the Congress. Bhulabhaj Desai, Tej Bahadur Sapru,
K.N. Katju, Nehru and Asaf Ali appeared in court at the historic Red Fort trials.

Q 71.A

Statement 1 is correct. It was active members of the Home Rule League in U.P. who initiated the process
of the organization of the peasants of the province into Kisan Sabhas.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The unity of high caste and low caste peasants was a marked feature of this
movement.

Q 72.C

Indian national movement was a concrete example of long grown out hegemonic struggle in which state
power is seized through prolonged political process in which counter-hegemony against Britishers was
built up over the year through the different mass movements followed by the mass awakening truce. In
others state power is seized in a single historical moment of revolution, like American war of
independence etc.

Q 73.D

All the 3 pairs are correctly matched.

At Ahmedabad mill strike, Gandhiji advised the workers to go on a strike against their mill owners and to
demand a 35% increase in wages. He himself undertook a fast onto death.
At Kheda, Gandhiji advised the peasants to withhold payment of revenue till their demands for remission
were met.
To protest against the Rowlatt act, Gandhiji formed the Satyagraha Sabhas whose members would
disobey the act and get themselves arrested.

Q 74.C

Statement 1 is correct: In 1897, plague broke out in Poona and the government had to undertake severe
measures of segregation and house- searches. Unlike many other leaders, Tilak stayed in Poona, supported
the Government and organised his own measures against the plague. He advised people not to resist the
segregation of plague patients and house searches.
Statement 2 is correct: The harsh and heartless manner in which the officials dealt with the plague stricken
people caused popular resentment against the officials resulting in the assassination of Rand, the chairman
of the Plague Committee in Poona, and Lt. Ayrest by the Chapekar brothers on 27 June 1898.

Q 75.A

Pair 1 is correct as the Indian states committee or Butler committee in 1927 was appointed to investigate
and clarify the relationship between the paramount power and the Princes.
Pairs 2 and 3 are incorrect. While Hunter Committee was formed to enquire the Punjab wrongs and
actions of general Dyer, Hartog Committee was constituted in 1929 to assess the state of education.

Q 76.B

The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was formed at Bombay in October 1934 under the leadership of
Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev and Minoo Masani. Subhash Chandra Bose was not among
the founding members.

13 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

Q 77.C

Statement 1 is incorrect. Azad was more supportive of socialist ideas.

Statement 2 is correct. The Hindustan Republican Association was formed in 1924 to organise an armed
revolution. But they became influenced by Socialist ideas. In 1928, under the leadership of Chandra
Shekhar Azad, they changed the name of their organisation to the Hindustan Socialist Republican
Association.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Bhagat Singh wanted to use the court as a forum for revolutionary propaganda
after they threw bomb in Parliament. He never made any attempt to be a part of Parliament and use it as a
forum for debate and discussion.

Q 78.D

All the 3 given sections of masses participated actively in Civil Disobedience Movement. Youths
especially the students played most prominent role in boycotting foreign cloths and in picketing.
Traders' associations and commercial bodies were themselves quite active in implementing the boycott, as
were the many mill owners who refused to use foreign yarn and pledged not to manufacture coarse cloth
that competed with khadi.
Workers actively joined numerous mass demonstrations in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras and were in
forefront in Sholapur.

Q 79.D

Statement 1 is correct: World war invovling mutual struggle between the imperial powers destroyed the
myth of racial superiority.
Statement 2 is correct: The war led to increased misery among the poorer classes of Indians. For them the
War had meant heavy taxation and soaring prices of the daily necessities of life. They were getting ready
to join any movement of protest.
Statement 3 is correct: The mass agitation could not be carried out under the leadership of the Indian
National Congress, which had become, under moderate leadership, a passive and inert political
organisation with no political work among the people to its credit. Therefore, two Home Rule Leagues
were started in 1915-16, under the leadership of Annie Besant and Lokamanya Tilak.

Q 80.A

Statement 1 is correct. Seven Indians, headed by M.N. Roy, met at Tashkent in October 1920 and set up a
Communist Party of India.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The CPI called upon all its members to enroll themselves as members of the
Congress, form a strong left-wing in all its organs, cooperate with all other radical nationalists, and make
an effort to transform the Congress into a more radical mass-based organization.

Q 81.B

The correct match is:

Surendra Nath Banerjee: Bengalee

G. Subramaniya Aiyer: Swadesimitran
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Kesari
Sishir Kumar Ghosh: Amrit Bazaar Partika

Q 82.D

'Responsivists' like Madan Mohan Malviya, Lala Lajpat Rai and N. C. Kelkar offered to cooperate with
the governments to secure the so called Hindu interests.

Q 83.A

Bakasht lands were those which the occupancy tenants had lost to zamindars, mostly during the
Depression years, by virtue of nonpayment of rent, and which they often continued to cultivate as share-
croppers. The Congress Ministry had initiated legislation for the reduction of rent and the restoration of

14 www.visionias.in Vision IAS

 Bakasht lands. But the formula that was finally incorporated in the legislation on the basis of an
agreement with the zamindars did not satisfy the radical leaders of the kisan Sabha. The legislation gave a
certain proportion of the lands back to the tenants on condition that they pay half the auction price of the
land. Besides, certain categories of land had been exempted from the operation of the law. The Bakasht
lands issue became a major ground of contention between the Kisan Sabha and the Congress Ministry.

Q 84.C

Due to increase in the political awakening in the states in 1938-39, evident in the formation of Praja
mandals in many states and major struggles for reforms in states like Rajkot, Jammu and Kashmir etc,
Congress at its Tripuri session 1939 announced its changed policy towards the states.

Q 85.B

Gandhi's first great experiment in satyagraha came in 1917 in Champaran, a district in Bihar. The
peasantry on the indigo plantations in the district was excessively oppressed by the European planters.
They were compelled to grow indigo on at least 3/20th of their land and to sell it at prices fixed by the
planters.

Q 86.C

The Karachi session of 1931 became memorable for its resolution on Fundamental Rights. The resolution
guaranteed the basic civil rights of free speech, free press, free assembly, and freedom of association;
equality before the law irrespective of caste, creed or sex; neutrality of the state in regard to all religions;
elections on the basis of universal adult franchise; and free and compulsory primary education.

Q 87.B

A new legislation in South Africa made it compulsory for Indians there to carry at all times certificates of
registration with their fingerprints. The Indians under Gandhiji's leadership decided not to submit to this
discriminatory measure. Gandhiji formed the Passive Resistance Association to conduct the campaign.

Q 88.B

Statement 1 is incorrect: The militant nationalists wanted the movement to be taken outside Bengal unlike
the Moderates who wanted it to restrict it to the Bengal as they did not believe in the capacity of the
masses.
Statement 2 is correct: The moderates wanted to boycott only foreign goods unlike the extremists who
wanted to go beyond and extend the boycott from foreign goods to every form of association or
cooperation with the colonial Government.

Q 89.D

Pair 1: Correct, On 8 August 1940, the Viceroy of India, Lord Linlithgow, made the August Offer, a fresh
proposal promising the expansion of the Executive Council to include more Indians, the establishment of
an advisory war council, giving full weight to minority opinion, and the recognition of Indians' right to
frame their own constitution (after the end of the war). In return, it was hoped that all parties and
communities in India would cooperate in Britain's war effort.
Pair 2: Correct. The Simla Conference 1945 was a meeting between the Viceroy and the major political
leaders of British India at Simla, convened to agree on and approve the Wavell Plan for Indian self-
government.
Pair 3: Correct, first time the decision to launch the struggle was taken at meeting at wardha on july 1942,
but the august meeting at Gowalia tank in bombay witnessed ratification of the decision, where Gandhi
adressed the crowd and raised the slogan "Do or Die".

Q 90.B
The federal part of the Act and Dyarchy at the centre were never introduced but the provincial part was
soon put into operation. Provincial autonomy came into effect from 1937. The first elections for provinces
under the act were held in 1937.
For the implementation of All India Federation, consent of half of the princely states was required.
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Q 91.C

Statement 1 is incorrect. Direct struggle was not the agenda of the early nationalist. The nature of early
nationalists was constitutional struggle within established constitutional framework.
Statement 2 is correct. Creating national unity was one of the most important aims of the early nationalist.
Early nationalists were fully aware of the fact that India had just entered the process of becoming a nation.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The political demands were moderate in nature, with absence of mass
mobilisation.

Q 92.C

Statement 1 is incorrect. First Satyagrahi was Vinoba Bhave, while Nehru was the second one.
Statement 2 is incorrect. 'Chalo Delhi' slogan was given by Subhash Bose in 1944 during INA's march
towards India. During the Individual Satyagraha, the Satyagrahi would give a speech at a place and move
to another place while trekking towards Delhi. Thus this movement toward the capital was populalry
called 'Delhi Chalo'.
Statement 3 is correct. This movement gave expression to Indian people's strong political feeling about
their non-allegience to British in the war.

Q 93.C

The policy of the carrot and the stick was adopted by John Morley, the Secretary of State for India, in
1907. Instead of sneering at the Moderates, the policy was to be that of 'rallying' them. Statement 1 is
correct. The policy, known as the policy of the carrot and the stick, was to be a three pronged one. It may
be described as a policy of repression-conciliation-suppression.
Statement 2 is correct. The Extremists, were to be repressed, though mildly in the first stage, the purpose
being to frighten the moderates. The moderates were then to be placated through some concessions and
promises and hints were to be given that further concessions would be forthcoming if they disassociated
themselves from the Extremists.

Q 94.B

Statement 1 is incorrect : Newspapers in those days were not business enterprises, nor were the editors
and journalists professionals. Newspapers were published as a national or public service. They were often
financed as objects of philanthropy. To be a journalist was often to be a political worker and an agitator at
considerable self-sacrifice. It was, of course, not very expensive to start a newspaper, though the editor
had to usually live at a semi starvation level or earn his livelihood through a supplementary source.
Statement 2 is correct: The influence of the press extended far beyond its literate subscribers. Nor was it
confined to cities and large towns. A newspaper would reach remote villages and would then be read by a
reader to tens of others. Gradually library movements sprung up all over the country. A local 'library'
would be organized around a single newspaper. A table, a bench or two or a charpoy would constitute the
capital equipment. Every piece of news or editorial comment would be read or heard and thoroughly
discussed. The newspaper not only became the political educator; reading or discussing it became a form
of political participation.
Statement 3 is correct: Nearly all the major political controversies of the day were conducted through the
press. It also played the institutional role of opposition to the government. Almost every act and every
policy of the government was subjected to sharp criticism, in many cases with great care and vast learning
backing it up. 'Oppose, oppose, oppose' was the motto of the Indian Press.

Q 95.C

Statement 1 is correct. The first session of the INC was held in Bombay in 1885.
Statement 2 is incorrect. It was presided over by W. C. Banerjee. It was attended by 72 delegates.
Statement 3 is incorrect. That time Muslim league was not formed. It was formed in 1906.

Q 96.B

Bardoli Satyagrah was organised against the proposed 30% increase in land revenue. The peasants
organised No Tax Campaign under the leadership of Sardar vallabhbhai Patel and in the end won their
demand.
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Q 97.C

Eka movement was a non radical response of people in rural areas of Avadh. The main grievance was
relating to the extraction of a rent that was generally 50 percent higher than the recorded rent. Congress
and Khilafat leaders provided the initial thrust to the peasant grievances and the movement grew under the
name Eka or unity movement.
They did not advocate for abolition of Zamindari System. They merely argued for paying the actual rent
on time and insulation from oppressive tendencies of Zamindars. Hence option (c) is the correct answer.

Q 98.B

Statement 1 is correct: The government was successful in curbing the Swadeshi movement but the
upsurge of nationalist sentiments could not die. People had been aroused from their slumber of centuries;
they had learned to take a bold and fearless attitude in politics. Government repression and frustration
caused by the failure of the leadership to provide a positive lead to the people ultimately resulted in
revolutionary terrorism. The youth of Bengal found all avenues of peaceful protest and political action
blocked and out of desperation they fell back upon individual heroic action and the cult of bomb.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The revolutionary nationalists did not try to generate a mass revolution instead
they tried to copy the methods of the Irish terrorists and Russian nihilists, that is, to assassinate unpopular
officials through individual actions.
Statement 3 is correct : The revolutionary terrorists were inspired by many of the global events such as
Russian revolution etc. The revolutionary terrorists also established centres abroad. The more famous of
them were Shyamji Krishnavarma, V. D. Savarkar and Har Dayal in London and Madame Cama and Ajit
Singh in Europe.

Q 99.D

During the moderate phase of the struggle (1894-1906) Gandhiji set up the Natal Indian Congress. The
second phase of the struggle in South Africa, which began in 1906, was characterized by the use of the
method of passive resistance or civil disobedience, which Gandhiji named Satyagraha. It was first used
when the Government enacted legislation making it compulsory for Indians to take out certificates of
registration which held their finger prints.
The campaign was widened to include protest against a new legislation imposing restrictions on Indian
migration.
The poll tax of three pounds imposed on ex- indentured Indians and invalidation of Indian marriages
further widened the campaign.

Q 100.A

Annie Besant was the president of Calcutta session of 1917.

Sarojini Naidu was the president of Kanpur session of 1925.
Kadambini Ganguly was not a president of INC session. She addressed the congress session in 1890. She
was the first women graduate of Calcutta university.

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