Generator & Auxillaries

(Stator water, seal oil and Hydrogen Gas System)

 Generator Specification
TYPE OF GENERATOR THW- 210-2
POWER 210 MW / 247 MVA
TERMINAL VOLTAGE 15.75 KV
STATOR CURRENT 9050 AMPS
STATOR WINDING CONNECTIONS YY
TYPE OF EXCITATION STATIC.
FIELD CURRENT: @ NO LOAD: 917A, @ FULL LOAD: 2600 A
FIELD VOLTAGE : @ NO LOAD: 140V, @ FULL LOAD: 310 V
SHORT CIRCUIT RATIO: 0.49
WOUND STATOR WEIGHT 180MT
ROTOR WEIGHT 45MT
 STATOR
STATOR BODY.
STATOR CORE.
STATOR WINDING.
END SHIELDS.
SEAL BODY.
HYDROGEN COOLERS.
TERMINAL BUSHINGS; PHASE & NUETRAL
GENERATOR-CROSS SECTION
 ROTOR
COIL (POLE) WINDING.
END CONNECTIONS WITH RETAINING RINGS.
SLIP RINGS.
FIELD LEADS (Outer CC Bolts & Inner CC Bolts).
 GENERATORS AUXILIARIES

1. STATOR WATER SYSTEM.

2. SEAL OIL SYSTEM.

3. HYDROGEN GAS SYSTEM.

4. STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM.

BUS DUCT WITH TRANSFORMERS

 Large Turbo generators are suppose to handle huge currents and
high voltage.

Such huge amount of current in limited conductor size generates

enormous heat.

This heat has be dissipated effectively.

The above requirement has led to designing of elaborate systems

such as stator water system, seal oil system and hydrogen gas
system.
 Stator water system
Stator water is in direct contact with high voltage stator windings it
should be a Demineralized water with electrical conductivity being
less than 2.5micro mho/cm.
It should be free from oxygen and chemicals like ammonia,
hydrazine, phosphates etc.
All the parts of stator water system are made up of either stain steel
or brass or copper.

The stator water system comprises of

1) Centrifugal pumps 2 X 100% capacity: single stage with spiral
casing & overhang impeller. Standby pump comes on auto on
pressure low.

2) Coolers 2 X 100% capacity: Shell & tube type. Heat absorbed by

stator water is dissipated to the secondary coolant in water cooler.
3) Polishing Unit 1: A part of water (10%) is bypassed & treated in a
mixed bed ion exchanger. Synthetic resins are capable of cat ion &
anion exchange. This will improve the conductivity.

4) Mechanical filters 2 X 100% capacity: Eliminates any foreign

particles in the water which may choke/erode the hollow conductor. DP
@ filter is indicative of degree of choking. Mesh size 200microns.
Normal DP @ rated flow 0.1-0.2 Kg/cm2. Filter cleaning at 0.4 Kg/cm2.

5) Magnetic filter 1 : Since the ferromagnetic particles are attracted

to the pole shoes in the high magnetic field, these are to be prevented
from entering generator.

6) Gas trap - 1 : Accidental leakage of hydrogen in to stator water is

detected by gas trap.
8) Expansion tank 1 : Sealed container of stainless steel. DM water
returned from generator winding is discharged in to this tank through
perforated pipe. The tank is under vacuum of 200 300 mm WCL. Any
entrapped air/gas is ejected out. Make up is from hot well make up
pump through float control valve. Provides suction to SW pumps.

9) Vacuum ejector 1: The tank is under vacuum to remove any

tracers of oxygen/hydrogen gas.

10) Valves & other instrumentation: The system is being provided with
various valves for the necessary isolation and flow control. Various
instruments/ annunciations for signaling temperatures, pressure, flow,
conductivity have been provided.
 Protections:

Conductivity: Continuous monitoring of conductivity of water is

done by conductivity cell. Conductivity low alarm is generated for
5micromho/cm and above. Unit trip is issued for 20micromho/cm.

Flow: Flow of water in to the winding is measured by orifice plate.

Tripping of unit is initiated at 13M/Hr. for flow emergency from 2/3
logic. i.e., flow switch, indicator and recorder.

Tripping of SW pumps: Both pumps will trip on expansion tank level

low.
 IMPORTANT PARAMETERS OF STATOR WATER SYSTEM
Max. temperature of SW I/L - 36C
Max. temperature of SW O/L - 70C
Normal SW flow 26 28 M/Hr.
Alarm - 21M/Hr.
Trip - 13M/Hr. Flow emergency.
Conductivity
Normal - <5/cm
High - 13/cm
Trip - 20/cm
PH 6.5 to 7.5
Expansion tank vacuum 200 300 mm of WCL
Nominal inlet pressure 3.09kg/cm
Auto start of stand by pump 2.4kg/cm
 Seal oil System
Initially, the problem of maintaining hydrogen inside the machine
during operation has posed a challenging situation for designers.

Seal oil system prevents escaping of hydrogen gas enclosed in

generator casing, from rotor shaft and ingress of air into generator
casing. This enables maintaining of required hydrogen pressure
inside generator casing.

Any abnormality in these seals will lead to escape of hydrogen from

machine & even explosion in worst case.

Seal oil is the same oil used in turbine bearing and governing
system.
Seal oil system comprises of

1) Seal oil tank (SOT): Primary source of seal oil, provides suction to both AC and DC
seal oil pumps. Return seal oil is sprayed in to this tank via two float valves
liberating dissolved gases . Upper half of SOT is kept under vacuum by vacuum
pump where the dissolved gases and vapors are vented out so that the seal oil
pumps get only de-gassed oil.

2) AC seal oil pump 1: Three screw design positive displacement pump. Suitable
for rigorous service & allows relatively large variations in seal oil viscosity. Due to
low compressibility of oil very high pressure may arise at discharge, hence relief
valve is provided.

3) DC seal oil pump 1: In case of AC failure, DC seal oil pump will come in to
service at AC pump discharge pressure of 4kg/cm.

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4) DPRV A: Maintain the differential pressure between seal oil & hydrogen gas to
a preset value. Indirect acting.

Indirect Acting

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5) DPRV B: For governing back up. Direct acting.

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6) Seal oil coolers 2 x 100%Shell & tube type. Heat absorbed by seal oil is
dissipated to the secondary coolant in seal oil cooler. Secondary coolant
pressure is less than seal oil pressure.

7) Vacuum Pump: Single stage rotary vane type of vacuum pump is used to
extract the dissolved gases and vapors from the system and sent to
atmosphere. The upper portion of SOT is kept under vacuum of 300 to
500mm of Hg by vacuum pump. Thus the oil available to seal oil pump is a
de-gassed oil.

8) Intermediate Oil Tank (IOT): The oil drained from hydrogen side (1/3 rd ) is
collected in IOT before admitting it to SOT. The IOT level is maintained by a
float valve. IOT provides sealing to hydrogen by avoiding its entry to SOT.

9)Duplex & Simplex Filters: The seal oil is made to pass through wire mesh
type of Duplex filter before admitting it to seals. Similarly governing oil is
also made to pass through simplex filters. These filters block all physical
impurities of size more than 200 microns.

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10) Pre Chambers: The oil drained hydrogen side is first collected in these
pre chambers where the oil is allowed to settle down and de-foaming of
oil permitting escape of gas bubbles.

11) Seal Oil Storage Tank (SOST): this tank is provided in return line of
bearing lube oil. This is the tank through which the excess seal oil is
returned to MOT. Further, it will also make up any short fall in seal oil.

12) Vapor extract fans: SOST is provided with 2X100% duty vapor extract
fans to ensure continuous venting of this tank.

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 IMPORTANT PARAMETERS OF SEAL OIL SYSTEM

DPRV A Seal oil DP 1.4

DPRV B seal oil DP 1.1
Max. S.O. I/L temperature - 45C
Quantity of seal oil/ seal 38.5 L/min.
Seal oil tank vacuum 400 500 mm Hg
Seal oil pressure at seals 5.4kg/cm
DP @ duplex filter 0.6 (max)

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 HYDROGEN GAS SYSTEM
Hydrogen gas is used as a cooling medium because of its high heat
carrying capacity and low density.
Hydrogen is highly explosive with certain proportion of air, hence
requires elaborate arrangements for filling, purging & maintaining.
CO is supplied in steel cylinder which is stored under pressure in
liquid state.
It is evaporated and expanded in CO vaporizer/ the heat of
vaporization is either provided electrically or by hot water.
Hydrogen gas system comprises of
1) CO Distributor
2) H Distributor
3) Gas drier : a small amount of hydrogen present in
generator casing is passed through gas drier. Gas dryer
chamber is filled with moisture absorbent material Silica
gel. Which can be reactivated by electric heaters.
4)LLD:
Hydrogen leakage shall not exceed 15M/24Hr.
The surrounding of generator & hydrogen supply
system shall be made with ample ventilation to avoid
localised hydrogen pockets.
Vapor exhauster creates slight vacuum in generator
bearing compartments and any hydrogen collected is
drawn off and vented.

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 Parameters

Rated pressure 3.5Kg/cm

Rated cold gas temperature - 44C
Max. hot gas temperature - 75C
Purity not less than 97%
Moisture content 15gm/M of H
Generator volume 56M
Amount of hydrogen required at stand still
300M
 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM
1. AVR SYSTEM.
2. RECTIFIER TRANSFORMER.
3. FIELD FLASHING SYSTEM.
4. FIELD BREAKER.
5. THYRISTER CONVERTORS.
 GRID
EXC. TRANS.
STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT
REGULATION CUBICLE
O/C PROTECTION
MICRO TERMINAL
O/TPROTECTION
LCD CURRENT MEASUREMENT

USYN 1
USYN 2
USYN1

T AUTO. CHL POWER

SUPPLLY
AVR PULSE
GATE INTERMEDIATE
REF CONTROL AMPLIFIER THY. BRIDGE
PULSE

MANUAL CHL
FINAL
STAGE
FDR
. FFC
PULSE
GATE INTERMEDIATE
MANUAL CONTROL PULSE
AMPLIFIER A M C/O
REF SUPRVR
OVP
USYN2

ALARM POWER
LOGIC POWER POWER POWER
A MC/O SUPPLY SUPPLY SUPPLY SUPPLY
CONTROL TRIP INTERFACE

MICROPROCESSOR BASED H/W

AUTO MANUAL CONTROLS

*
STN. BAT. SUPPLY
*

*STN
D JYOTHI
DIGITAL REGULATION PANELFOR STATIC
D VC

DRW. NO. A4-SK-804-SEE

ED VC
 BUS DUCT WITH TRANSFORMERS
24 KV I P 3PHASE BUS DUCTS @ 10KA
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS.
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS.
SURGE PROTECTORS.
NUETRAL GROUNDING TRANSFORMER.
SEAL OFF BUSHINGS.