Special Report

TRAINING AND READINESS

A look at the key issues keeping
global forces in shape
10
March 13, 2017 defensenews.com

ACQUISITION
Land
SLOW GOING US Navys
The U.S. Army expects ripple
effects on its combat vehicle submarine
program loses
modernization program.
16

Air
some of its shine
BY CHRISTOPHER P. CAVAS
ccavas@defensenews.com
EAST OR WEST?
Turkeys choice of air-defense WASHINGTON The luster is off
system could be emblematic of a bit for the Virginia-class submarine
Ankaras future alignment. building program, long considered a
model U.S. Navy construction effort
20 that routinely brings down the build-
ing time and cost for each successive
Alan Lessig / Staff sub. One submarine has just missed its
Top African military ofcials visited the U.S. Army War College in early March to contract delivery date pushed back
discuss avenues for collaboration. even more when sea trials were halted
Interview to return to port and shipbuilders
are working harder to keep construc-
GEOFFREY VAN ORDEN tion on schedule.
OUT-OF-AREA The problems come at a time when
The British member of the Euro-

Facing an uncertain future

there is widespread support to contin-
pean Parliament argues against ue building two Virginia-class subma-
E.U.-owned defense efforts. rines per year even when the Colum-
26 bia-class ballistic missile submarines
begin construction when the Navy

African militaries wonder what plans to go to three submarines each

America First means for them
BY JEN JUDSON
jjudson@defensenews.com
CARLISLE, PENN. African top
brass, representing nearly half of the
countries that make up the continent,
came to the Army War College last
week and made the case for stronger
leadership roles as they combat chal-
lenges in their respective nations.
But while the African military lead-
ers there said they want to take the
mary factors: the move in 2011 to dou-
lead and, in some cases, feel capable,
U.S. assistance is indispensable in
helping build capacity to deal with a
diverse array of challenges.
On any given day, about 2,000 U.S.
soldiers are deployed to Africa to
conduct theater security cooperation
activities, train with African partners
and participate in exercises. And pri-
or to last Novembers U.S. presidential
See AFRICA Page 24
year.
Problems seem to stem from two pri-
ble the submarine construction rate
from one to two per year has strained
shipyards and the industrial base that
supplies parts for the subs; and the
Navy has successively reduced con-
tractual building times as shipbuilders
grew more experienced with building
the submarines, cutting back on earli-
er, highly-trumpeted opportunities to
beat deadlines.
The situation seemingly came to a
See SUBMARINES Page 25

Innovation  
 


  
      

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Copyright 2017 Mercury Systems is a trademarks of Mercury Systems, Inc. -3282

Vol. 32 No. 5



 
 
 



 





 
  
  


    


  
 
   

  
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From Page 1

OUT-OF-AREA
AFRICA From Page 1

election, that number was expected to

grow.
The acknowledgement by African
military leaders that U.S. security as-
sistance is still badly needed comes at
an uncertain time for U.S. foreign pol-
icy and military involvement abroad.
With the new U.S. presidents stance
that America must come rst, it re-
mains to be seen what military com-
mitments abroad will be prioritized
and what could come to an end.
The ofcers landed in the United
States at around 1:00 a.m. March 6
from nations like Botswana, Mali, Ni-
geria, Burkina Faso, Ghana and a host
of others, to spend a week at the the
Army War College, discussing can-
didly how they might strengthen ties
with the United States and with other
African nations and to learn from one
another on successful (and not so suc-
cessful) efforts to bring security and
stability to their countries.
Malawis chief of defense, Gen. Grif-
n Spoon Phiri, told Defense News
his country needs partners that can
help train and educate, ll resource
gaps and share information and intelli-
gence. He saw the symposium as a way
to foster relationships and learn from
other nations.
But he said these partnerships
should not be unequal. I think we
need to have a very frank discussion of Alan Lessig / Staff
what we mean when we talk of part- that enhance Africa's ownership, and rican militaries, and playing host for Maj. Gen. Joseph Harrington, the
nership. I am looking for a partnership everyone in African countries are com- such a drill is considered a coveted job, U.S. Army Africa commander, right,
that we have no junior partner or se- ing with fewer resources, but it does a a few U.S. Army leaders noted. gets help xing his wardrobe from an
nior partner, Phiri said. Im looking lot of good when the face that is at the Brig. Gen. Kenneth Moore, deputy African colleague at the U.S. Army War
for partnership that will work along- forefront is an African face. commanding general for U.S. Army College last week.
side, based on mutual trust. The U.S. Army plans to continue a ro- Africa and commander of the Army
Phiri said he was happy to report bust number of multinational and bina- Reserve engagement cell in the region,
that a sergeant major school the U.S. tional exercises this year on the African said the exercises also heavily involve tional forces are partnering, and what
Army helped to establish in Malawi in continent to strengthen partnerships reserve soldiers and that they are cru- kinds of improvements should be
2015 was now led by Malawis military, with African nations while simultane- cial to building readiness within that made, Muyangwa, of the Wilson Cen-
with the United States serving in an ob- ously enhancing U.S. Army readiness, force. The exercises provide invalu- ter, said.
servational role. Maj. Gen. Joseph Harrington, the U.S. able training that simply cant be done For instance, one African general
To combat the Ebola crisis in Liberia, Army Africa commander, told Defense at home, he said. noted there might be too many cooks
security forces there partnered with News. Through the ramp-up in partnerships in the kitchen when it comes to train-
the U.S. Army to combat the disease Shared Accord, for example, will ex and training exercises, the U.S. Army ing efforts in Somalia. At any given
in 2014 and 2015. Liberia gratefully the military muscles of both the army has come a long way in understanding time there could be one unit trained by
accepted the American contributions in South Africa and a brigades worth the 54 countries that make up Africa, Ethiopia, one by the United Arab Emir-
in helping to set up treatment centers of troops and equipment from the U.S. Harrington noted. ates and so on, and its difcult for the
and deal with logistics, but made sure Armys 101st Airborne Division, plus a With all the activity on the continent, Somalian army to come together as
it was the face of the effort. sustainment brigade, over the course Congress in its scal year 2017 Nation- one national force, the general said.
The fact Liberia saw its own people of three weeks in July, Harrington said. al Defense Authorization Act called for We are perhaps at a period of stra-
in the lead helped to build condence The large exercise will help the Army a specic study on the U.S. strategy for tegic adjustment, Frank Jones, a
and trust between the Liberian military determine how it can best ow equip- defense interests in Africa in coordi- professor at the Army War College,
and its people, Dr. Monde Muyangwa, ment and people into the country and nation with the State Department. The said at the symposium. "And by that I
director of the Africa program at the tap into its Army Prepositioned Stock, study is to re-examine security cooper- mean a time in which we, the United
Wilson Center, said at the symposium set up in the combatant command for ation efforts and attempt to measure States government, need to look at our
on Tuesday. rapid U.S. military response. program effectiveness and African na- interests on the continent and I would
She added, What I really heard from Big exercises like Shared Accord and tions ability to absorb U.S. assistance. suggest that perhaps that begins with
that message is the time for paternal- Central Accord are becoming brand A key question left unanswered is an understanding specically what our
ism is dead. We need partnerships names like Coke or Pepsi among Af- how well African nations and interna- security interests are there. DN

24 | defensenews.com March 13, 2017

ACQUISITION
SUBMARINES From Page 1
head March 2 shortly after the sub-
marine Washington began its initial
sea trials off the Virginia coast. The
submarine, tting out at Huntington
Ingalls Newport News Shipbuilding,
has been falling behind schedule for
some time, missing a targeted sum-
mer 2016 delivery date and a sched-
uled Jan. 7 commissioning ceremony.
More delays ensued in January when,
according to the Navy, a problem was
found with the hatch seating surface in
the large lockout trunk access hatch,
requiring a notice to Congress that the
ship would miss its Feb. 28 contract
delivery date and a rescheduled March
25 commissioning date.
Its not the rst time a Virginia-class
submarine has missed a contract deliv-
ery date.
The rst two subs were late, and in
late 2007 the North Carolina, the third
Virginia, was delivered by Newport
News seven weeks late because of
welding issues. But since then, every
submarine delivered by Newport News
and Virginia-class prime contractor
General Dynamics Electric Boat has
been delivered by the contract date
or, more often, earlier, causing some-
thing of a competition between the
two yards.
Rear Adm. Michael Jabaley, program
executive ofcer for submarines at
Naval Sea Systems Command, was
aboard the Washington for the sea
trials but would not specify the exact
problem that caused ofcials to take
the highly unusual move of cutting
short the sea trials.
Initial sea trials, he said March 9, are
a focused, two-and-a-half-day period
where you certify the full capability
of the ship from a propulsion, from a
safety and recovery standpoint. If an
issue comes up that impacts the abil-
ity to continue trials, he said, youre
coming back in. And thats what we
did.
Were working through this partic-
ular issue, and the delivery and com-
missioning date for the Washington is
under review as a result, he added.
But my estimation is that well come
through it relatively quickly.
But even with the subs late delivery,
Jabaley remains hopeful that by the
end of the completion cycle includ-
ing post-delivery tests and a nearly
six-month-long post shakedown avail-
ability overhaul the planned date by
which the completed, ready-for-opera-
tions submarine is turned over to com-
manders will still be met.
Washington will deliver very close
March 13, 2017
to schedule, Jabaley said, and at de-
livery to the type commander she will
be as early or earlier than almost any
other submarine weve delivered in
terms of getting her to the type com-
mander as an operational asset.
So far, the Navy said, costs are not
rising.
The last nine Virginia submarines,
(New Hampshire SSN 778 through Illi-
nois SSN 786) have all been delivered
under target cost and within Navy
budget, Jabaley said. Current pro-
jections are that all remaining Block
III submarines (Washington SSN 787
through Delaware SSN 791) will also
deliver under target cost and within
Navy budget.
The two-per-year challenge
But larger issues affect the pro-
gram. The 2011 ramp-up from one to
two submarines ordered each year
strained the shipbuilders and the sub-
marine industrial base. Electric Boat
and Newport News, who share equally
in building each sub, had to hire more
workers, injecting a level of inexpe-
rience into their work forces with a
consequent rise in the amount of work
needing to be redone. Some parts sup-
pliers have struggled to keep up with
increased demand, and late deliveries
and quality problems have become
more frequent.
Both shipbuilders hired addition-
al people to account for the increase
to two submarines per year, Jabaley
said. As a result, obviously when you
bring in an inux of new people your
level of experience goes down.
There is always a certain amount of
rework in any manufacturing endeav-
or, and submarine construction is no
different, he said. It is something we
monitor closely. We knew there would
be what we call the green labor effect
as we went up to two per year. But we
have in general satisfactorily come
through that.
The building schedule has also been
signicantly reduced since the rst
four Block I Virginias were contracted
for an 84-month building period, re-
duced to 74 months for the six Block
IIs.
The eight Block III subs those
currently under construction are
set for a 66-month building times, and
Block IVs will be reduced further to 62
and then 60 months.
The rst three Block IIIs were de-
livered by the contract date, Jabaley
noted, but the streak was broken with
Washington. Sources noted concerns
that Colorado, the next submarine
to be delivered from Electric Boat,
is challenged to meet her Aug. 31 de-
livery date, but Jabaley expressed
condence the program would work
through its problems, declaring that,
at this point, Colorado is on schedule
and were working very hard for her
and subsequent ships Indianas the
one after her to meet their contract
delivery dates.
The late delivery of the Washington
is not indicative of a systemic prob-
lem, Jabaley said. What this is is a
recognition that we have challenged
the shipbuilders.
The Virginia class continues to be
a high-performing program with each
successive submarine delivering with
Chris Oxley/Newport News Shipbuilding
The bow section of the submarine
Washington being moved in 2015 at
Newport News Shipbuilding.
improved quality, less deferred work,
and reduced acquisition cost.
The shipbuilders acknowledge they
are dealing with issues on the pro-
gram.
When technical issues are encoun-
tered during the construction process,
the shipbuilders take this very seri-
ously, said Electric Boat president
Jeff Geiger. We aggressively work to
correct issues and put processes in
place to prevent recurrence. Ongoing
process improvements are key to con-
tinuing to reduce construction span
times and costs.
We are committed to continuing to
produce the highest quality subma-
rines for the Navy, on time and on bud-
get, Geiger added.
But one noted congressional analyst
sounded a note of caution.
The Virginia class program in recent
years has been described as a model
acquisition program in terms of cost
reduction and meeting delivery sched-
ules, so this information goes against
that grain, said Ron ORourke of the
Congressional Research Service.
Its also is a reminder that ramping
up production rates for submarines or
other types of ships isnt a cakewalk
it can lead to challenges at shipyards
and supplier rms. Those challenges
can be met and overcome, and indus-
try ofcials will tell you that they wel-
come those challenges, but doing so
requires attention. DN
defensenews.com | 25



 

 


   
 
   
 
      
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