Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Explain in detail the object, purpose and basis of international law. 2001
Define International Law. Do you agree with John Austins concept International Law is
not a true law, but a positive international morality? Elaborate your answer with
appropriate arguments. 2005
What are the sources of International Law? Discuss any two of them in detail. 2005
International Law is a Law regulating the rights and duties of states and creating no
rights and imposing no duties on individuals. Do u agree with this statement? Why or
why not? Argue. 2006
John Austin says International Law is not a real Law, but a positive International
Morality. Do you agree with him? Give arguments in support of your answer. 2008
Give such a definition of International Law which could cover all the modern trends in it?
2010
"International Law is primarily concerned with the rights, duties and interests of states."
Examine this statement with reference to the place of individuals and non-state entities is
International Law. 2011
As a law based on common consent of states, international law should have more binding
authority and less moral considerations. Discuss. Re-Exam 2013
"When all has been said it will be found that consent remains firmly the basis of
international law, and there are as many, and only as many, sources of international law as
there are ways whereby the consent of states can be expressed"? Discuss 2014
What is the relationship between Positive Law Theory, Natural Law Theory and International
Law? How these theories contributed in the evolution of International Law? (2015)
Explain the sources of International Law in the light of Article 38(1) of the Statute of
International Court of Justice. (2015)
Briefly and precisely define SUBJECTS International Law. Do you agree that
INDIVIDUALS can be considered as subjects of International Law? Give appropriate
examples in this regard. 2008
States continue to be the principal subjects of international legal relations but non-state
entities too exert a great deal of influence on the legal system. Examine the statement
with reference to rights and duties of international organizations under law. 2013
Explain the rules which govern how an insurgency movement can become a subject of
International Law. (2015)
NATIONALITY
Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing nationality. What is double Nationality
and Statelessness? 2002
Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing NATIONALITY. What is DOUBLE
NATIONALITY and STATELESSNESS? 2007
RECOGNITION OF STATES
Describe the legal nature of recognition of states, with particular reference to difference
between defacto and Dejure recognition. 2003
What is the duty of other states in case of internal revolt in an independent state? Can
they help the rebels? Under what circumstances recognition may be accorded to the
rebels? 2006
Discuss Recognition. Differentiate between de-jure and de-facto recognition. What are
the disabilities of an unrecognized state? 2008
"The Subject of Recognition is one of the most difficult branches of international law, not
merely from the points of view of exposition of principles, but also intrinsically by reason
of many difficulties which arise in practice." Discuss 2011
Define Recognition and explain its kinds. Also point out the difference between
recognition of states and governments. 2013
What is the role of state recognition in the commencement of existence of a state? What are the
rules that govern the issues that arise out of a state ceasing to exist? (2015)
INTERNATIONAL RIVERS
Describe international rivers. State the principles of law, regulating the use of water and
navigation in international rivers. 2003
HIGH SEAS
Define High Seas. Explain the concept of Freedom of High Seas along-with restrictions
over it.2008
Write a detailed note on the International-court of Justice with particular reference to its
powers to exercise jurisdiction over disputant states. 2000
The jurisdiction of international court of justice depends on the consent of the parties
concerned. Discuss. 2001
How far has the United Nation succeeded in developing a comprehensive system of
Human Rights protection? Can emphasis on social justice and Human rights lead to a
stable International Order? 2009
Explain the structure and powers of the International Court of Justice and assess the
importance of the principles laid down in judicial decisions of leading cases as precedents
for states. 2013
Critically examine the powers and the voting procedure of the U.N. Security Council.
2000
How far has the United Nation succeeded in developing a comprehensive system of
Human Rights protection? Can emphasis on social justice and Human rights lead to a
stable International Order?2009
Keeping in view the objectives of the charter seeking to establish a mechanism of peace
and security how far has United Nations succeeded in confronting changes in Global
society? 2009
"The Practice of United Nations Organization Show that while the principle of Self-
Determination is agreed upon, neither the scope of its application nor the method of
decolonization has been settled." Discuss 2011
"All the major issues on voting in the Secretary Council are now satisfactorily resolved.
The real problem today is about the composition of the Security Council." Discuss 2011,
2014
Elucidate and justify: "The United Nations inspite of its imperfections, is the only
organizations that can save humanity from disaster and complete annihilation." 2011
Does the customary international law grant the right to use force to a state in response to
a terrorist attack on it? Substantiate your answer by arguing from Article 51 and
Paragraph 4 of the Article 2 of the UN Charter and other recent examples in this regard.
2012
Keeping in view the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). What can be a reform
agenda in your opinion for making the UN more effective ?2013
Keeping in view the powers of the security council what suggestions can you give for
improving its structure as a dominant body within UN.Re-Exam 2013
NEUTRALIZATION
Differentiate between Neutralized and Neutral States. Discuss the rights and duties of a
neutral state. 2005
Discuss the concept of Neutralization. How is it done? Explain the Rights, Duties and
Guarantees given to a neutralized state. 2010
Define the term NEUTRALITY and explain the rights and duties of a neutral state. Re-
Exam 2013
INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES
DIPLOMACY
State the various kinds and classes of diplomatic agents and mention their privileges and
immunities.2003
Define Diplomatic Envoy. Give a short account of the functions, privileges and
immunities of the diplomatic envoys accredited to other states. 2011
"The office of the Secretary General of the United Nations is certainly the most important
and visible post in intentional multilateral diplomacy but it has been called the most
impossible job in the world because the faces complex and contradictory pressures in the
performance of his duties" Discuss 2014
IMMUNITY
State immunity has become a mere fiction which the law can do without. The principle
is gradually withering away, a process already under way and constantly gaining
momentum. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.2002
Describe Importance of diplomacy in interstate relations and discuss the concept of
diplomacy and immunity? 2009
What is the difference between immunities and privileges of diplomats? What is its place in
International Law? How it affects the functions and responsibilities of the diplomats? (2015)
Short Notes: Corfu Channel Case, U.K.V. Albania (1948), I.C.J. Rep. 1949. 2000, 2015
Short Notes: Chorzow Factory case, Germany V. Poland (1928) , P.C.I.J. Rep. Ser. A,
No.17 2000
Explain the rules which govern the application of International Law by Municipal Courts.
Give your answer in the light of the court practice with special reference to the British
and American Courts. 2000
Enumerate the principles of International Law involved in the decision of Corfu Channel
Case. Assess the impact that decision on the growth and development of International
Law.2004
Describe the functions of a Prize Court. What law does it administer? 2006
TREATY
Define a Treaty. State how are they concluded and terminated? Explain it in the light of
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969. 2000
Coercion against a state renders a treaty invalid. Discuss main features of the principle.
Also elaborate two other methods of rendering invalid the consent of a state to be bound
by a treaty.2002
State and discuss in brief the various steps mentioned by starke in the creation of legal
obligation by a treaty. 2003
How far do you think that International Law is based on common consent of States?
Evaluate importance of customary law and treaty law as binding in this regard 2009
What are the various kinds of treaties in international law? Explain the laws about
formation, interpretation and termination of treaties. 2012
"Treaties are known by a variety of differing names, ranging from conventions, international
agreements, pacts, general acts, and charters through to statutes, declarations and conventions.'
Discuss in the light of laws of its formation, interpretation and termination. (2015)
EXTRADITION
Discuss the concept of extradition. Explain main principles of extradition. Discuss also
the crimes exempted from extradition.2005
STATE JURISDICTION
1. Maritime belt
2. Port
3. Foreigners
Define State jurisdiction and explain how domestic jurisdiction can be limited by and
reduced by principles of International Law?2009
INTERVENTIONS
Whatever the morality of intervention, states have no right under International Law to
intervene on the territory of other states in order to prevent alleged crimes against
humanity or to uphold human rights norms. Discuss. 2006
Explain with reference to the relevant articles of the UN Charter that whether the world
body is authorized to intervene in the domestic jurisdiction of its member states. 2012
VETO
What is Veto? How, when and by whom it is used? What consequences Pakistan had to
face in the past because of its use by a former superpower? 2012
SOVEREIGN STATE
Fully explain the duties of a Sovereign State with special reference to:2004
Lord Curzon once said, Frontiers are indeed the razors edge on which hang suspended
the modern issues of war or peace, of life or death to nations. Explain in this light the
various modes of acquisition of territory by a state. 2012
HIJACKING
TERRORISM
TERRORISM has become an international phenomenon - how far are you satisfied with
international legal controls of such criminal conduct.Re-Exam 2013
BLOCKADE
Define Blockade. What are the essentials of real and binding Blockade? What does it
terminate? Refer to leading cases 2004
PRISONERS OF WAR
How are Prisoners of war to be treated under International Law? Explain with reference
to various conventions. 2004
LAW OF SEA
Write short notes on any three of the following in the light of convention on the law of
sea 1982 and our maritime zone act of 1976. You must discuss the nature of jurisdiction,
right and duties.
1. Internal Waters
2. Continental Shelf
3. Territorial Waters
4. Land-locked State
5. EEZ 2001
Why is the third UN convention on the law of sea (UNCLOS-III) considered a vast
diplomatic and legal undertaking and what has made it different to the earlier efforts on
the subject ?2013
MISCELLANEOUS
Enumerates with short explanation the main principles discussed in any two of the
following cases.
What do you understand by international institutions? Discuss their status and functions
as subject of international law. 2002
2. The wife of the Brondasian ambassador bought cosmetics worth Rs.1000,000 from a
local departmental store, refused to pay and went away to her embassy.
What is the duty of other states in case of internal revolt in an independent state? Can
they help the rebels? Under what circumstances recognition may be accorded to the
rebels?2006
"As the basis of the Law of Nations is the common consent of the member states of the
Family of Nations, it is evident there must exist as many sources of international law as
there are facts through which such common consent can possibly come into existence."
(Oppenheim). Discuss 2011
While customs form the major part of Internatiomal law it is conventions that make it
more authentic and applicable. Discuss. 2013
Considering the practice of leading states how far is it true to say that international Law
and municipal law are two distinct but coordinate legal systems.Re-Exam 2013
"The case law of the international court of justice and the practice of United Nations
show that while the principle of self-determination is agreed upon, neither the scope of its
application nor the method of decolonisation has been settled" Discuss 2014
"What ever be the generally accepted rules governing the outer limit of the territorial
limit of the territorial sea this issue, and others like it, will be settled in many cases on the
basis of the principles of acquiescence and opposability". Discuss 2014
The assumption that the "genuine link" formula, invented for dealing with people, is
capable of immediate application to ships..........smacks of a disappointing naivete 2014
SHORT NOTES