KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR

FCE3204
NURFATIHAH BINTI ABDUL GHANI 182264
GROUP 10
Lecturers name: DR.NOR ANIZA BINTI AHMAD

BAGAIMANA OTAK BERFIKIR DAN BAGAIMANA OTAK MEMBANTU

PEMBELAJARAN
 An organ of soft
Oxford dictionary: nervous tissue
Organ inside head contained in the
that control skull of vertebrate.
movement.
Thought, memory
and feeling.
DEFINITION OF
BRAIN Coordinating
centre of
One of the sensation and
largest and intellectual and
nervous activity.
most complex
organ in the
human body Intellectual
capacity.
 Whole brain
theory

Split brain
The triune research
brain
theory
How brain
work?
 PARIETAL LOBE:
FRONTAL LOBE:
Involve in movement, making -Processes sensory information that had
decision, problem solving and to do with taste, temperature, and touch
motor function. -Divided to two part:
Manage & control emotion. 1) Integrates sensory information.
Critical thinking occur. 2) Constructs a spatial coordinate
system.
-speech and cognitive function.

TEMPORAL LOBE:
organizing and combining what
we see and hear.
language and speech production,
as well as memory association OCCIPITAL LOBE:
and formation. Correctly understand what eyes see.
Categorization and ordering of Processing visual information.
objects. Colour recognition.
Emotional responses.
Depth perception.
Motion detection.

BRAIN STEM:
- Connects the cerebrum
spinal cord. SEREBELUM:
- Controls the flow of
messages between the brain *Coordination of fine movement.
and the rest of the body *Balance and equilibrium.
- Controls basic body *Some memory for reflex motor acts.
functions *Muscle tone.
*Cerebellum
 BRAIN Brain
THEORY
wave
- 3 rain in one:
1) neocortex Alfa- more accurate time to
2) limbic system making decision (peaceful).
3) reptilian system Beta- active brain to solve,
-Roger Sperry analyse & think of problem.
Theta- Level of total

Split
-Divide brain to right and
left hemisphere.
https://youtu.be/SaZcIVvL
relaxation and sublimation
Ned Hermann Delta- Level while sleeping or
Tendency to think using a
unconscious

brai
particular part of the brain.
Parts of the brain have Gamma- activate mental
meM
different functions that activity

n
contribute to different
thinking in individuals
 -Function as gatekeeper and
filter the sensory information.
-Overwhelmed will make
Reactive brain to take over the
Reticular information
Dopamine activating
Dopamine system
Neurotransmitter
Carry information through
synapses to other neuron.
Process new information.
If happiness increase then,
Limbic
dopamine level also will system
increase.

# Emotional core.
# It includes the hypothalamus, the hippocampus,
and the amygdala.
# Responsible for emotional life, and formation of
memories.
 Neuroscience Thinking
of learning domain

Multiple memory
intelligence
food
 Metacognitive domain
-Ability to apply the
correct strategy in order to
produce new ideas.
-Control the thinking and
activity process.
-Leader: Brown, Gardner,
Beyer.-create Functional
Thinking model.
-process:
Planning
conceptualization
assessment.
Critical domain
*Skilled and able to use the mind
to evaluate, examining, comparing
and deriving conclusion of idea.
Creative thinking
Ability to generate and
produce ideas, creating
something new and authentic
(original), and meaningful.
Cognitive domain
Taxonomy bloom:-
1) low order convergent
-knowledge & comprehension
2) high order divergent
-application , analysis, synthesis
& evaluation.
Thinkin
g
domain
Reflective domain
-Relate to critical thinking.
-Leader:
1-John Dewey(1993)
5phase of reflective
thinking.
2-Lambright(1995)
Emphasize the aim of
thinking & what the point to
deliver.
3-West(1996) Ability in
reflective thinking.
Affective domain
-emphasize a feeling tone, an
emotion, or a degree of acceptance
or rejection.
-Leader: Morgan & Sixton, Mayer
& Solevay and Goleman.
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
Self Realization Ability to realize a feeling or emotion
Manage emotions Ability to manage emotions, feeling and
attitude in a certain action
Empathy Sensitivity towards feeling and views of
others
Communication Ability to communicate and be aware of
feeling that needs to be shared
Cooperation Ability to put oneself as a leader or a
follower
Managing conflicts Ability to use emotions to solve a problem

Introduction:
The level of intelligence
can be measured
relatively based on
standardized tests :
intelligence test, IQ
(Intellectual Quotient)
The first test was
developed by Alfred Binet
dan Theopile Simon
(1905).
The basis of this test is to
measure reasoning,
mathematics, logic and
language.
3) Thurstone
-Intelligence in the form of various
abilities such as:
a) Reasoning making logical
conclusions
b) Perceptual speed identify
differences and
similarities between objects
c) Numerical ability skilled in
numbers
d) Word fluency - fluent in giving
opinions in words
expressed
e) Associative memory ability
to remember
events/episodes experienced
f) Spatial visualization ability
to come up with
various forms of imagination
Theory of multiple
intelligence
1) Howard Gardner
- Individual has different levels of skills on
all aspects of intelligence
Levels can be increased by training.
Intellectual level depends on three main
factors:
a) Biological endowment
b) Personal life history
c) Cultural and historical
2) Sternberg background.
-Consists of three sub-theories:
a) Componential:
- Analysis of information.
- Planning, implementation,
procurement
b) Experiential:
Creativity, create new ideas,
connect irrelevant statements
Using past experiences and
current skills.
c) Contextual:
Practical abilities, using
intelligence to adapt to changes in
environment
Adapting to a new change.

Nutrition develop
Dendron and dendrites.
Information send through
the nerve impulse and
chemical content.
chemical content
neurotransmitter
Effects:
Quick thinking towards any stimulus
Enhances ability and skill in
observation
Mind becomes more active
Relationship between synapse
becomes more efficient which results
in thinking ability becoming faster and
more creative.
The effect of serotonin is to
reduce
stress and make one feel
more relaxed.
Protein: provide amino acid that allow to
make neurotransmitters and brain chemicals.
Fats: provide fatty acid molecules your brain
needs to manufacture new brain cells.
Carbohydrates: the source of energy and
protect the brain from damage
Elements: iron, selenium, potassium and
water.
The lack of proper nutrition
Poor concentration
Loss of memory
A balanced diet: Depression
Nutritions effect on learning 60% calorie from Low IQ
Good nutrition and learning go carbohydrate Learning disability
hand in hand. 15% from protein Slow language development
When children's nutritional needs 25% from fat
are met, it's 2 liters of water daily Period of Biological and Nutritional Effects
Ensure the balance of alkali Energy
easier for them to focus and learn.
and acid in the Intake of protein diet and carbohydrate at the high energy will
The students academic brain (50%-50% @ 60-40%) enhance the
achievement increase brain energy to rise to the optimum
Intake of plenty protein will reduce the level of carbohydrate and
after getting proper nutrition. enable
one to be active again.
 TYPE OF MEMORY: MEMORY PROCESS:
1) short-term memory
Correlating Working memory
between a Save and
Uses of 2) Long-term memory
new idea remind
memory
and the data Explicit, implicit,
local idea. autobiographical and
Morpheus.

STAGE OF MEMORY:
Sensory short-term storage long-term storage

MEMORY MEMORY
IMPROVEMNRT:

High stress restricts brain

processing to the survival
state because amygdala
cannot work efficiency.
 NEUROSCIEN
CE IN
DEFINITION:
LEARNING
The scientific study of
nerves and especially of
how nerves affect
learning and behaviour.
A branch (as
neurophysiology) of
science that deals with the
anatomy, physiology,
biochemistry, or
molecular biology of
nerves and nervous tissue
and especially their
relation to behaviour and
learning.
REFERENCES:
Boeree (2009) The emotional nervous system. Retrieved from:
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/limbicsystem.html

BrainHQ (n.d) type of memory. Retrieved from:

https://www.brainhq.com/brain-resources/memory/types-of-memory

Cbcnews (2012) A region-by-region exploration of how the brain functions. Retrieved from:
http://www.cbc.ca/news2/interactives/brain/

Centre for neuroskills (2017) Parietal lobes. Retrieved from:

https://www.neuroskills.com/brain-injury/parietal-lobes.php

Spinal cord (n.d) Occipital lobes. Retrieved from:

http://www.spinalcord.com/occipital-lobe
Teach the earth (2017) What is the Affective Domain anyway?. Retrieved from:
http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/affective/intro.html

Teachthought (2015) How the memory works in learning. Retrieved from:

http://www.teachthought.com/learning/how-the-memory-works-in-learning/

Teachthought (2015) The Neuroscience Of Learning: 41 Terms Every Teacher Should Know.
Retrieved from:
http://www.teachthought.com/learning/neuroscience-of-learning-41-terms-every-teacher-
should-know/

Teachtought (2015) How the brain works and how the students can respond. Retrieved from:
http://www.teachthought.com/learning/how-the-brain-works-and-how-students-can-respond/

The brain make simple (n.d) Parietal lobes. retrieved from:

http://brainmadesimple.com/parietal-lobe.html

The stroke network (2014) Stroke education. Retrieved from:

http://www.strokeeducation.info/brain/brainstem/
THANK YOU