TARGET SEISMIC PERFORMANCE LEVEL

BASED ON ASCE 41
by
Carlos M. Villaraza*

* Principal Engineer, GEOSEED

 THREE TYPES OF FAULTS

Strike-Slip
Thrust

Normal
2
 TBPS Station [N-S]

TBPS Station [E-W]

TBPS Station [Vertical]

BOHOL EARTHQUAKE 10152013 EARTH

Epicenter: 40km from Tagbilaran
Fault line: 2 km from Tagbilaran
208.1.1 Purpose
The purpose of the earthquake provisions herein is
primarily to safeguard against major structural failures
and loss of life, not to limit damage or maintain
function.

208.1.2 Minimum Seismic Design

Structures and portions thereof shall, as a minimum,
be designed and constructed to resist the effects of
seismic ground motions as provided in this section.
DESIGN BASIS GROUND MOTION is that ground
motion that has a 10 percent chance of being
exceeded in 50 years as determined by a site-
specific hazard analysis or may be determined from
a hazard map.

DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM - an elastic response

spectrum for 5 percent equivalent viscous damping
. may be either a site-specific spectrum based on
geologic, tectonic, seismological and soil
characteristics associated with a specific site or may
be a spectrum constructed in accordance with the
spectral shape in Figure 208-3.
208.4.4 Site Seismic Hazard Characteristics

Seismic hazard characteristics for the site shall be

established based on the seismic zone and proximity
of the site to active seismic sources, site soil profile
characteristics and the structure's importance factor.
208.6.6.1 Time History
Time-history analysis shall be performed with pairs of
appropriate horizontal ground-motion time- history
components from not less than three recorded events.

Appropriate time histories shall have magnitudes, fault distances and source
mechanisms that are consistent with those that control the design-basis
earthquake .

. If three time-history analyses are performed, then the maximum response

of the parameter of interest shall be used for design. If seven or more time-
history analyses are performed, then the average value of the response
parameter of interest may be used for design.
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering Design
(PBEED) Concept

implies the definition of multiple target performance

levels which are expected to be achieved, or at least not
exceeded, when the structure is subjected to earthquake
ground motion of specified intensity.
Global Framework for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering
(Helmut Krawinkler, 2000)
 F2(V,PE)
F1(V,C)

COST
Point of Optimum Design

VULNERABILITY

RISK = HAZARD X VULNERABILITY

V
O
erT
0yVery
1
temp
StepH
RaE
Reset 0000000
reR
Event3.Low
Cho
Ri

HAZARD DETAIL CONSEQUENCE LIKELIHOOD

Landslide Hospitals, police, Low Frequent
fire, ambulance, Medium Occasional
shelters High Rare
Very Rare
Critical Facility Superstructure, Low Frequent
Failure foundation Medium Occasional
High Rare
Very Rare
Dangerous Chemical, oil, Low Frequent
Goods Spill hazardous Medium Occasional
waste, radiation High Rare
Very Rare

HRVA Tool Sample

11
 Earthquake Performance Level
Earthquake Operational
(Controlled Collapse
Design Level (Minor or No Life Safety
Damage) Prevention
Damage)
Frequent
(72 years)

Occasional
(225 years)

Rare
(475 years)

Very Rare
(950 years)

PERFORMANCE MATRIX (after SEAOC 1995)

 4-LEVELS of Earthquake Hazard in performance-
based earthquake hazard criteria

(a) frequent (50% probability of exceedance in 50

year exposure, mean return interval of 72 years);
(b) occasional (20% probability of exceedance in 50-
year exposure, mean return interval of 224 years);
(c) rare (10% probability of exceedance in 50-year
exposure, mean return interval of 475 years);
(d) very rare or the maximum considered
(2% probability of exceedance in 50-year
exposure, mean return interval of 2475 years).
Japan Structural Consultants Association (JSCA) & Building Standard Law (BSL)
PERFORMANCE GRADES
Japan Structural Consultants Association (JSCA) & Building Standard Law
(BSL) TARGET PERFORMANCE LEVELS
Typical performance curve.
 Performance-based Design Criteria
[Robert Hanson]

Overview of Performance Based Design

Current State of the Art
FEMA/SAC Criteria - the next generation

Funded by FEMA / SAC Steel Project

SAC: Seismology Committee-Structural Engineers Association of California
FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency
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 PBD METHODOLOGY
1. Traditional force-based approach analysis is conducted and,
after the design is completed, deformation and damage estimated and checked
against established displacement limits.

2. SEAOC Vision 2000 addresses performance levels for structural and

non-structural systems. Possible approaches elastic and inelastic analysis : (a)
conventional force and strength methods; (b) displacement based design;
(c) energy approaches; and (d) prescriptive design approaches.

3. Applied Technology Council ATC 40 structural criteria

expressed in terms of achieving performance objective. Document limited to
concrete buildings and emphasizes the use of the capacity spectrum method.

4. FEMA 273 presents a variety of performance objectives with associated

probabilistic ground motions. Analysis and design methods range from linear
static to inelastic time history analysis.
Earthquake Earthquake Performance Level
Design Operational
(Controlled Collapse
(Minor or No Life Safety
Level Damage) Prevention
Damage)
Frequent
(72 years)

Occasional
(225 years)

Rare
(475 years)

Very Rare LEVEL

(950 years) 5E

PERFORMANCE MATRIX (CMV 2015)

Fault lines within 150 km radius.
 Fault Fault Epicntrl
Mw Mw
FAULT Fault Length Length Fault
Fault Name 450 2475
No. Type (km) (km) Distance
YRP YRP
475YRP 950YRP (km)

1 West Valley SS 67 100 3 6.8 7.4

2 East Valley SS 136 150 50 7.5 7.6

Infanta
3 SS 125 150 60 7.5 7.6
Segment [PFZ]

Laguna-
4 Banahaw SS 56 150 70 7.2 7.6
Fault

5 Manila Trench Subdctn 255 350 180 7.8 8.2

 POISSON MODEL:
Probability of Exceedance

P[N1] = 1-e-mt

m = average rate of occurrence of

the event.

t = time period of interest

(EXPOSURE TIME)

Comparison of recurrence laws

Gutenberg-Richter and characteristic
earthquake models.
 EXPOSURE
Mo m t P[N1] = 1-e-mt PE
TIME

5.6 0.0140 72 0.503414 50 50%

6.0 0.0045 224 0.201484 50 20%

6.8 0.0022 475 0.095163 50 10%

7.4 0.0004 2475 0.024690 50 2%

PIPELINE FRAME SUPPORT
VERTICAL LOAD WITHOUT SEISMIC LOAD
RETURN PERIODS:
475/950/2475
years

VERTICAL LOAD WITH SEISMIC LOAD

 PIPELINE FRAME SUPPORT
(Weak Beam - Strong Column Concept)
 PIPELINE FRAME SUPPORT
[Strong Beam Weak Column]
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PBD
1. Multiple target performance
2. CAPACITY greater than DEMAND
3. Loads are site specific
MATERIAL ELASTIC RANGE INELASTIC RANGE
LIMIT DESIGN
CONCRETE
CRACKED SECTION
ELASTIC DESIGN PLASTIC DESIGN
STEEL
[S-Modulus] [Z-Modulus]
End