Calidad 6

Ingls tcnico aeronutico
Pgina 1 de 49
A. BASIC GRAMMAR
1. ENGLISH ALPHABET pg. 3
2. PERSONAL PRONOUNS pg. 4
3. TO BE-TO DO pg. 4
4. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE pgs. 5-7
5. ARTICLES pgs. 8-9
6. ADVERBS pg. 9
7. VERBS pg. 10
8. NUMBERS pgs. 11-13
9. IMPERATIVE MODE pgs. 13-14
10. ACTIVE/PASSIVE FORM pgs. 14-15
11. PREPOSITIONS pgs. 16-17
12. POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES pgs. 18-19
13. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS pg. 19
14. MODAL VERBS pgs. 20-21
15. REMINDER pgs. 22-24
B. TECHNICAL WORDS
1. CONNECT pgs. 25-33
2. EXERCISES pgs. 34-39
3. TECHNICAL GLOSSARY pgs. 40-49
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A. BASIC GRAMMAR
1. English Alphabet
Aa [ei] Nn [en]
Bb [bi] Oo [ou]
Cc [si] Pp [pi]
Dd [di] Qq [kiu]
Ee [ii] Rr [aar]
Ff [ef] Ss [es]
Gg [yi] Tt [tii]
Hh [eich] Uu [iu]
Ii [ai] Vv [vii]
Jj [yei] Ww [dabel iu]
Kk [kei] Xx [eks]
Ll [el] Yy [uai]
Mm [em] Zz [dset]
Exercise:
Spell the following words:

AIRCRAFT ANGLE
CELL COOLING
FUEL BACKLASH
BEAD FUSELAGE
AILERON CROSS
GEAR OIL
CENTER DOOR
TARGET CORE
DEEPNESS WINDOW
CLEARANCE FLIGHT
EDGE WHEEL
ENGINE HAMMER
SAFETY LABEL
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2. Personal pronouns
Singular Plural
I Yo We Nosotros
You Tu, Ud You Vosotros, Uds
He, She, It El, Ella, Ello They Ellos
3. To Be To Do
The verb TO BE (SER; ESTAR)

I AM
You ARE
He, she, it IS
We ARE
You ARE
They ARE
The verb TO DO (HACER)*

*Also used as auxiliary verb in forming negative and interrogative form in simple tenses
Exercises:
Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verb To Be and translate the sentences.
a. Juan ______ really tall for his age.
b. I ______ an English student.
c. My classmates ______ very nice people.
d. We ________ all Spanish.
e. This piece of the aircraft ___ called aileron. It ___an articulated section of the
wing.
Conjugate the verb To Do in all its forms.

Yo ________________ Ello _____________________
Tu ________________ Nosotros_________________
El _________________ Vosotros__________________
Ella _______________ Ellos______________________
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4. Present simple tense
AFFIRMATIVE
EXCEPTIONS:
1. If the verb ends in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o, add -es to the base form.
Ex: kiss - kisses, watch - watches, mix - mixes, go goes
2. If the verb ends in consonant + y change y to i and add es.

Ex: study - studies, copy - copies, carry carries
Exercise:
Write down the following verbs in third person singular.

a. to brush: b. to finish:
c. to go: d. to cry:
e. to fix: f. to quiz:
g. to match: h. to try
NEGATIVE
Structure
Negative sentence: I DONT SPEAK ENGLISH.
SUBJECT + DO + NOT + VERB (in base form)*
* In third person singular Do changes to Does and the main verb remains in base form.
*Do + Not and Does + Not are often contracted into Dont and Doesnt respectively.
! The verb To Be is an exception from this rule. The negative is formed:
SUBJECT + TO BE + NOT*
* Is + not is contracted into isnt and are + not is contracted into arent
Exercises:
Put the following sentences in negative form. Mind the contractions.

a. The teacher is tired.
b. We are in the classroom.
c. The students are in Iceland.
d. You are 23 years old.
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Change the positive sentences from exercise 2) into negative.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Fill in the blanks using the verbs in parenthesis.

a. Birds (like, not)________ milk.
b. California (to be, not)________in the United Kingdom.
c. Windows (to be, not) __________made of wood.
d. You (need, not)__________ help now.
e. She (play, not)_________tennis.
INTERROGATIVE
Structure
Interrogative sentence: DO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH?
(INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE) +DO + SUBJECT + VERB (in base form)*
* The verb To Be is an exception from this rule. The interrogative is form
TO BE + SUBJECT
Examples: Do you work? T trabajas?

Where do you live? Dnde vives?
Are you hungry? Tienes hambre?
Interrogative adjectives
What?
What is your name?
When?
When is your birthday?
Where?
Where do you work?
Why?
Why are you here?
Who?
Who is this?
Whose?
Whose umbrella is this?
How?
How does she feel?
How much?
How much time do we have?
How many?
How many times do I have to tell you to shut up?
Which?
Which is our flight?
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Exercise:
Order the words to make the adequate question.

a. Damaged, the horizontal tail plane, is?
b. Correct resistance, the wire, have, does?
c. The fuel circuit, you, check, do?
d. The gap, is, into the adequate tolerance?
e. [Know, do you] ,[is, what, the type of sealant that you have to use]?
f. [Know, do, you], [which, the right rivet, is]?
g. Is, where, the screw?
h. The landing gear doors, are, which?
i. You, say leading edge in Spanish, how, do?
j. The main fitting, is, which?
USE
To state facts and generalizations
Examples: California is in America. California est en Amrica.

Wood floats on water. La madera flota en el agua.
Express habits and routines
Examples:
Every day I wake up at six oclock am. Todos los das me despierto a las 6 a.m.
The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. El tren sale todas las maanas a las 8.
I never miss my English lessons. Yo nunca falto a mis clases de ingles.
To give instructions
Examples:
Install and stake bearing per dps1.3 Instalar y grapar rodamiento segn la dps1.3
Scheduled events in the near future
Examples: The party starts at 10 oclock. La fiesta empieza a las 10.

We leave Spain tonight. Dejamos Espaa esta noche.
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5. Articles
INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A AND AN
Use:
- With non-specific or non-particular nouns (in singular) Ex: an aircraft, a screw
- To indicate membership in a group. Ex: an Irishman, a Spanish teacher
- Only with count nouns
The use of a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant

Ex: a bottle; a car; a bicycle; a cat; a dog
an + singular noun beginning with a vowel

Ex: an equalizer; an orange; an idiot
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound

a user; a university; a unicycle (begin with a consonant 'y' sound)
DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE

Use:
- With specific or particular nouns in singular and plural. Ex: the aircrafts, the
screw
- With some geographical nouns: rivers, oceans, seas, points on the globe,
deserts, forests, gulfs, peninsulas
- With noncount nouns (or the article is omitted entirely) Ex: the milk, the water
Example:
Let's read the book a specific book
Let's read a book any book rather than a specific book
Omission of Articles
- Names of languages and nationalities

Ex: Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian
- Names of sports
Ex: volleyball, hockey, baseball
- Names of academic subjects

Ex: mathematics, biology, history, computer science
- Some geographical nouns: cities, towns, states, streets, lakes, mountains,

continents, islands
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Exercise:
Fill in the blanks with a, an, the, x.

a. Diana is ______ very nice person.
b. Last night we went out for ______ meal.
c. I cannot remember if I saw that film on television or at ______ cinema.
d. Make sure you put your name at ______ end of the report.
e. I'm sure it won't be long before people are living and working in ______ space.
f. Could you close ______ door, please? It's really cold
g. We have got new offices near ______ centre of the city
h. When you come out the lift, you'll see two doors, ______ red one and ______ blue
one. My door is ______ red one
i. We need to do more for ______ poor.
j. The greatest invention of the 20th century is ______ computer
k. I saw ______ man going into the office. I don't know who ______ man was.
6. Adverbs
Use present simple tense with adverbs such as:
Always siempre
Ex: I always go by foot to work. Siempre voy a pie a trabajar.
Every day (night, week, year, etc.) cada da (noche, semana, ao, etc.)
Ex: We play tennis every Sunday. Jugamos al tenis cada domingo.
Still todava
Ex: Hello, I am still here. Hola, todava estoy aqu.
Only solo
Ex: I only speak Spanish. Yo hablo solo espaol.
Usually normalmente
Ex: Usually I go to bed at eleven oclock. Normalmente me voy a la cama a las once.
Often a menudo
Ex: I often go to the cinema with my friends.
A menudo voy al cine con mis amigos.
Seldom raramente
Ex: I seldom play football. Raramente juego ftbol.
Sometimes a veces
Ex: Sometimes they go fishing at the nearby river.
A veces ellos van a pescar al ro cercano.
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7. Verbs
SOME TYPICAL VERBS USED IN SIMPLE TENSE

1) Non-Continuous Verbs: Usually express things you cannot see somebody doing.
These verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses.
a. Abstract Verbs - to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe,
to exist...
b. Possession Verbs - to possess, to own, to belong...
c. Emotion Verbs - to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind...
2) Normal Verbs: Usually express physical actions which you can see somebody
doing. These verbs can be used in all tenses. (to run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say,
to touch, etc.)
SOME VERBS OF SPECIAL INTEREST

To add aadir To lock bloquear
To align alinear To mount montar
To boost reforzar To push empujar
To counterbore abocardar To release soltar, lanzar
To deplete agotar, consumir To remove desmontar
To dimple embutir To replace reponer, recolocar
To drill taladrar To rework retrabajar, repasar, modificar
To hold mantener, sujetar To swage grapar, estampar, recalcar
To install instalar To strip decapar
To isolate Aislar To set up Poner a punto
To fettle - Rebarbar To trim recortar
To locate localizar
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8. Numbers
WHOLE NUMBERS (CARDINALS)
0 ZERO 10 TEN 2O TWENTY

1 ONE 11 ELEVEN 21 TWENTY ONE
2 TWO 12 TWELVE 22 TWENTY TWO
3 THREE 13 THIRTEEN 30 THIRTY
4 FOUR 14 FOURTEEN 40 FORTY
5 FIVE 15 FIVETEEN 50 FIFTY
6 SIX 16 SIXTEEN 60 SIXTY
7 SEVEN 17 SEVENTEEN 70 SEVENTY
8 EIGHT 18 EIGHTEEN 80 EIGHTY
9 NINE 19 NINETEEN 90 NINETY
NOTE:
The suffix -TEEN is used to form the cardinals from thirteen (13) to nineteen (19). The
following formula is used: digit + teen.
Mind the orthography of thirteen (three changes to third as in ordinals) and eighteen
(not written with double t as it should be).
The suffix TY is used to form the cardinals from twenty (20) to ninety (90). The
following formula is used: digit + ty.
Mind the orthography of twenty, thirty (like in thirteen), forty (there is no u), fifty (ve
changes to f as in the ordinals), eighty (like in eighteen)
Units and tenths are linked with dash
100 ONE HUNDRED

101 ONE HUNDRED AND ONE
1 000 ONE THOUSAND
1 001 ONE THOUSAND AND ONE
1 000 000 ONE MILLION
NOTE:
In composed numbers: hundreds are always followed by and

127 one hundred and twenty seven
If the number following a thousand is < 100 there is an and linking

1050 one thousand and fifty
If this number is >100 there is no and linking.

3650 three thousand six hundred and fifty
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COMMON MATHEMATIC OPERATIONS

ADDITION:
29 + 30 = 59 Twenty-nine plus thirty equals fifty-nine.
SUBTRACTION:
75 80 = -5 Seventy-five minus eighty equals minus five.
MULTIPLICATION:
4 X 4 = 16 Four by four equals sixteen.
DIVISION:
99 \ 3 = 33 Ninety-nine divided by three equals thirty-three.
EXTRACTION OF A (SQUARE, CUBE) ROOT:

= 2 Square root of four equals 2.
Exercises:
Write down in words the following numbers.

a. 123:
b. 6 487:
c. 57:
d. 983:
e. 8 393 555:
Write on a separate sheet in words the following mathematic expressions and their
solutions.
a. 37 x 8 =? e. 1 000 000 + 2 376 = ?
b. 54 \ 9 = ? f. sqr(16) =?
c. 18 18 =? g. 99 97 =?
d. (22 + 33) \ 5 = ? h. 45 x 5 \ 10 = ?
Numbers with decimals are pronounced as written
Ex: 34.56 thirty-four point fifty-six

655.(74) six hundred and fifty-five point seventy-four in period
Exercises:
Read out loud the following decimals.

a. 11.(1233) d. 769.23
b. 433.9 e. 533.4565
c. 3252.16 f. 2358.54
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Solve and read out loud the following mathematic expressions.

a. 53\2 =? d. 4674.7748 0.7748=?
b. 6578.59 +56.3=? e. 62 \ 7 =?
c. 45.5 5.5=? f. Sqr(5) = ?
ORDINAL NUMBERS
The ordinal numbers are formed from its correspondents cardinals and the suffix th
using the following formulae cardinal + th (seventh sptimo)
Exceptions are the first three which are completely irregular:

FIRST (primero)
SECOND (segundo)
THIRD (tercero)
Mind the orthography of:

FIFTH ve passes to f
EIGHTH there is only one t
NINTH without e
TWELFTH ve passes to f
TWENTIETH, THIRTIETH y passes to ie
9. Imperative mode
The imperative is used only in second person singular and second person plural. Both
are formed using the infinitive of the verb without subject. The negative is formed
adding do not before the verb. It has the following functions:
To command:
Go on (Prosiga)
To forbid:
Do not suspend by wire when plating. No suspender mediante alambres al
plaquear.
To request (it this case with the word please):

Please, pass me that drill. Por favor, psame esa taladradora.
To recommend or advice:
Check the machines before you go. Chequea las maquinas antes de irte.
To warn:
Be careful. Ten cuidado.
To suggest:
Ring him up. Telefonale
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To give instructions:
Install fasteners with wet sealant per dps 2.512
Instalar elementos de fijacin con sellante en hmedo segn la dps 2.512)
Exercises:
Write the following sentences in imperative:

a. The window is closed. Paul can open it.
b. It's time for Helen to get up.
c. I'd like Paul to turn down his radio.
d. I want Paul to bring me a newspaper.
e. I don't want Helen to be late tonight.
Write the following sentences in imperative:

a. The surface is ready to apply the sealant. Mario can do it.
b. You can rivet the panel.
Translate the following imperative sentences:

a. No instalar tornillos antes de verificar la pieza.
b. Limpiar superficie con los materiales indicados en el procedimiento.
c. Reparar pieza de acuerdo a instruccin de reparacin.
10. Active/Passive form
ACTIVE FORM
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the
thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT
Ex. Pedro repairs the wing. Pedro repara el ala.

In this sentence Pedro is the one doing the action (the subject) and the wing is the
thing receiving the action (the object).
Exercises:
Show the subject and the object in the following sentences.

a. Operator connects the wires.
b. Boss orders to install rivets.
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PASSIVE FORM
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and
the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence.
Use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or
should be emphasized, if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want
to mention who is doing the action.
Thing receiving action + be + past participle of verb + (by + thing doing action)
SUBJECT VERB
Ex. The wing is repaired (by Pedro). El ala es reparada (por Pedro).
In this sentence the emphasis is on the thing receiving the action the wing, which is
also the subject. Who is doing the action, however, in not important.
NOTE:
!!! In technical drawings the verb TO BE is often omitted and the main verb appears
alone in its past participle form!!!
Past participle:
Regular verbs: VERB (in infinitive)+ -ED

Irregular verbs: no common rule
Some examples:
Fastener substitutions are not allowed without design engineering approval.

La sustitucin de elementos de fijacin sin aprobacin por ingeniera de diseo no est
permitida.
Attachments located 2D from joggles and adjacent structure.

Fijaciones situadas a 2 veces el dimetro de estajes y estructura adyacente.
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11. Prepositions
A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object
to the rest of the sentence.
The most common prepositions are:

- about - beyond - out
- against - but - through
- after - despite - over
- at - down - on
- among - during - since
- around - except - to
- above - for - throughout
- across - from - toward
- along - in - underneath
- before - inside - until (till)
- beside - into - up
- by - of - upon
- beneath - like - with
- behind - off - within
- below - outside - without
- between - near - under
Exercises:
a. Observe your teacher and write down the meaning of the following prepositions
(highlighted).
You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The professor can sit on the
desk or behind the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the desk.
He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the desk,
between the desk and you. If he's clumsy, he can bump into the desk or try to walk
through the desk (and stuff would fall off the desk). Passing his hands over the
desk or resting his elbows upon the desk, he often looks across the desk. He
walks toward the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the desk. He sits at the
desk or leans against the desk.
What's in the desk???
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b. Show where the book is according to each phrase.

The book is on the table.
The book is beneath the table.
The book is leaning against the table.
The book is beside the table.
She held the book over the table.
She read the book during class.
c. Read the following examples and underline the preposition.
All wholes equally spaced are to be within 0.06.

Todos los taladros equidistantes estarn dentro de 0,06.
Attachments located from part edges.

Fijaciones situadas a partir de los bordes de la pieza.
To be installed after bonding.

Se instalar tras el encolado.
Unless otherwise noted dimensions shown are on surface of part.

A no ser que se indique de otra manera las cotas indicadas son sobre la superficie
de la pieza.
Tolerance shall not accumulate over any length of hinge.

La Tolerancia no debe acumularse encima longitud de articulacin.
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12. Possesive adjectives
Possessive adjectives are used with nouns to show

possession or ownership
My My work. Mi trabajo
Your Your belt. Tu cinturon.
His, her, Its His breakfast. Su desayuno.
Our Our course. Nuestro curso.

Your Your teacher. Vuestro profesor.
Their Their party. Su fiesta.
The possessive adjective does not depend of the gender and number of the noun that
follows it.
Possessive pronouns are used to substitute a noun

and to show possession or ownership
Mine This work is mine. Este trabajo es mio.

Yours The belt is yours. El cinturn es tuyo.
His, Hers, Its Its his. (the breakfast) Es suyo.
Ours The dog is ours. El perro es nuestro.

Yours These seats are yours. Estos asientos son vuestros
Theirs Is this party theirs? Es suya esta fiesta?
Exercises:
Choose the correct category: possessive Adjective or Pronoun

a. This is my bag.
b. It's his.
c .It's our pockets.
d. It's theirs.
e. What's his name?
f. This is your room and that is mine.
h. No, it isn't her umbrella. But it's mine.
i. They have their lunches. They have theirs
j. She has her pen.
k. This book isn't mine. Is it yours?
l. No, it isn't mine. It's hers.
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Fill in the blanks.

1. Is this _________________ book? (your/yours)
2. Give Maria ____________________ umbrella. (her/hers)
3. No, it's not your turn to answer, it's ____________________ . (our/ours)
4. No, that's not ___________________ car. _________ is a convertible.
(my/mine)
5. Excuse me. Is this _______________________ classroom. (our/ours)
6. The cat is cold. ____________ fur is wet. (his/hers/its)
7. We didn't bring any drinks to the party. Can we drink ________________ ?
(your/yours)
8. Jim brought ______________ coat. But he is hot and doesn't need it. You
can use __________ . (his/his)
13. Demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns points to and identifies a noun or a pronoun.
Sing. Plur.
This and these things that are nearby either in space or in time
That and those things that are farther away in space or time
Exercises:
Identify the demonstrative pronouns.

a. This is my sister.
b. That was my pencil.
c. Where did you take those?
d. The picture I drew did not look like that! Your drawing is exquisite!
e. These are my favorite.
Fill in the blanks.

a. What is _____?
b. _____ rooms are better than _____.
c. They talked about _____ and _____.
d. _____ is his book, isnt it?
e. _____s why they accepted his proposal.
f. ____ is Ann speaking.
g. The engine starts and the light goes on. _____s when you press the button
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14. Modal verbs

Must, Shall, Will, Can, May, Dare
Grammatical behavior of the modal verbs:

- do not have past form (-ed)
- do not have continuous form (-ing)
- do not have 3rd person singular (-s)
- come before the subject in the question May I come to your house for tea tonight?
- form negative without do or does Must not, mustnt
- are followed by a verb in infinitive without to
Observe the differences between normal and modal verbs.
normal verb modal verb

affirmative he tries to work he must work
negation he doesn't try to work he mustn't work
question does he try to work? must he work?
negation +
doesn't he try to work? mustn't he work?
question
USES OF MUST
Necessity
Ex. We must eat to live. Debemos comer para vivir.
Obligation
Ex. The paint of the part must be gray. La pintura del elemento debe ser gris.
Inevitability
Ex. Man must all die. El hombre debe morir.
Determination
Ex. I must become a qualified operator. Debo ser un operador cualificado.
USES OF SHALL BE
Express future actions
Ex. He shall be there at 8 oclock. l estar all a las 8.
Requirement specification
Ex. Spotface shall be controlled by dps unless otherwise indicated.
El refrentado estar controlado con la dps a no ser que se indique de otra manera.
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Exercises:
Some examples of special interest. Put the correct word in spanish.
1. Crest of threads must be at least 0.0005 bellow projected surface.

La cresta de los hilos de la rosca _______ estar por lo menos 0.0005 pulg por
debajo de la superficie proyectada.
2. Piles -103, -105 must be installed in all door dimensions.

Las capas -103, -105 _________ ser instaladas en todas las cotas de la trampa.
3. Spotfaces shall be controled by dps 4.710-3 unless otherwise indicated.

Los refrentados _____________ mediante la dps 4.710-3 a no ser que se
indique de otra manera.
4. Tool surface must coincide with the first ply of the laminate.
La superficie de utillaje _________coincidir con la primera capa del estratificado.
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15. Reminder
PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
Choose the correct word and fill in the blanks.
a. Do you (like, likes, be like)_________ chocolate milk?.
b. He (do, does, is) __________not want to come to the movie.
c. (Is, Am, Are)__________ we too late to catch the bus?
d. It (Is, Am, Are)_________ a beautiful day today.
e. Sorry, Kris (am, is, be) __________ not here at the moment.
f. (Is, Are, Am)________ I correct?
g. He (is, does, do) __________ not go to my school.
h. They (live, lives, be live) __________ in a two bedroom apartment.
i. You (be, are, looks) ____________ so happy today.
j. Ramon (go, be go, goes) _________ to the beach every morning.
Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.

a. (to have) Bianca _________a car.
b. (to work) Mr B. Garcia ________every day.
c. (to live) They ________ in Dublin.
d. (to eat) Miss Carlson ______soup every day but today she (to want)
_____ a sandwich.
e. (to snow) It __________ a lot in the winter.
f. (to go) Mr. Peter __________ by bus.
g. (to seem) Miss Ivanova_________ happy today.
h. (to talk) Many parrots___________ .
i. (to be) The sun in Paradise ________ hot.
j. (to go) Every year he __________ skiing with his friends.
k. (to be) My boss __________ late again.
Turn the affirmative sentence from the previous exercise into negative and
ask a question.
a. Bianca has a car Bianca does not have a car.
Does Bianca have a car?
b. g.
c. h.
d. i.
e. j.
f. k.
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QUESTION WORDS
Choose the correct question word.
a. ________ do you go to school? (where, who, what)
I go to school in California
b. ________ does Juan work? (where, when, what)
He works every evening.
c. ________ did you call last night? (where, who, what)
I called my girlfriend last night.
d. ________ cars does your family have? (how many, how much, which)
We have two cars.
e. ________ is that? (where, how much, how many)
It costs 3 dollars.
f. ________ piece needs to be repaired? (who, which, what)
The aileron.
Fill in the question words What, Where, Why, When, How to form a
meaningful question.
Ex:____ often do you play football?

How often do you play football?
a.________ do you like best?

b. ________ does Javi get up in the morning?
c. ________don't you go by bus, Chema?
d. ________ hobbies does Rita like?
e. ________ do they go to every week?
f. ________ old are you Jorge?
g ________ is your imaginary friends birthday?
h. ________ are my exercise books?
i. _________ are you doing at the moment, David?
j. _________ do the Garcia live?
Pgina 23 de 49
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Fill in the blanks.
a. We asked for his advice. ______ advised us not to come.
b. ______dislikes her, and ______ hates him; its evident.
c. She is English; _____ gives me lessons in English.
d. Look at that bird. _____ always comes to my window.
e. What time is _____? _____ is four.
f. _____ doesnt matter.
g. _____ is not a boy, _____ is a girl.
h. Do you know all these people?
Yes, _______ are all my friends
i. Where is the beer?
______ can find some beer in the refrigerator.
j. Who is that guy in the corner?
Karin: _______'s my ex-boyfriend. Don't look at him.
Pgina 24 de 49
B. TECHNICAL WORDS
1. Connect English with Spanish words
COMPLETE AIRCRAFT
Connect English with Spanish Words
AIRCRAFT (PLANE) Estabilizador Vertical

FUSELAGE Motor
WING Unidad Auxiliar de Energa
ENGINE Avin
MAIN LANDING GEAR Estabilizador Horizontal
WHEEL Tren de Aterrizaje Delantero
HORIZONTAL TAIL PLANE Fuselaje
VERTICAL TAIL PLANE Rueda
AUXILIAR POWER UNIT Tren de Aterrizaje Principal
NOSE LANDING GEAR Ala
FUSELAGE
Connect English with
Spanish Words
1. PASSENGERS DOOR a. Compuertas Tren de Aterrizaje Delantero

2. REAR FUSELAGE b. Fuselaje Trasero
3. WINDOW c. Puerta de Pasajeros
4. BELLY FAIRING d. Compuertas Tren de Aterrizaje Principal
5. CABIN e. Compuerta de Carga
6. NOSE f. Seccin
7. CARGO DOOR g. Cabina
8. MAIN LANDING GEAR DOORS h. Carena Ventral
9. NOSE LANDING GEAR DOORS i. Ventana
10. SECTION j. Morro
Pgina 25 de 49
SECTION
Connect English with Spanish
Words
1. UPPER PANEL a. Mamparo de Presin

2. LOWER PANEL b. Unin
3. LATERAL PANELS c. Panel Inferior
4. FRAME d. Larguerillo
5. PASSENGER FLOOR e. Panel Superior
6. JUNCTION f. Hueco
7. STRINGER g. Cuaderna
8. CUT-OUT h. Paneles Laterales
9. REAR PRESSURE BULKHEAD i. Superficie Cilndrica
10. CYLINDRICAL SHAPE j. Piso (Suelo)
WING
Connect English with Spanish
Words
1. PYLON
a. Borde de Ataque
2. CENTER WING BOX
b. Borde de Salida
3. FLAP
c. Aleta Marginal
4. SPOILER
d. Costilla de Ala
5. FUEL TANK
e. Cajn Central de Ala
6. WING TIP FENCE
f. Aumentador de Sustentacin
7. FLAP TRACK FAIRING
g. Aleta Auxiliar
8. WING RIB
h. Carena Gua de Sustentacin
9. LEADING EDGE
i. Cogida Motor
10. TRAILING EDGE
j. Tanque de Combustible
Pgina 26 de 49
HORIZONTAL TAIL PLANE

1. ELEVATOR a. Tapa
2. CENTRE BOX b. Borde de Salida
3. SCREW-JACK FITTING c. Carena Marginal
4. OUTER BOX d. Timn de Profundidad
5. TRAILING EDGE e. Borde de Ataque
6. REAR SUPPORT f. Cajn Central
7. LEADING EDGE g. Herraje de Giro
8. TIP h. Cajn Lateral
9. COVER i. Soporte Posterior
10. HINGE FITTING j. Herraje de Husillo
VERTICAL TAIL PLANE

1. SKIN PANEL a. Herrajes de VTP

2. FRONT SPAR b. Timn de Direccin
3. LAMINATED PART c. Laminado
4. RUDDER d. Revestimiento
5. VTP FITTINGS e. Larguero Anterior
Pgina 27 de 49
COMPOSITE ELEMENTS
1. SKING a. Desmoldeante
2. CORE b. Cuchilla
3. HONEYCOMB c. Fibra de Carbono
4. STRINGER d. Vaco
5. LAY-UP ROOM e. Pelcula Pelable
6. TEMPERATURE f. Termopar
7. HUMIDITY g. Presin
8. GLOBES h. Panel de Abeja
9. CUTTER i. Disolvente
10. VACUUM BAG j. Pelcula de Polietileno
11. CARBON FIBER k. Piel
12. GLASS FIBER l. Ncleo
13. COTTON WIPERS m. Guantes
14. VACUUM n. rea de montaje de Telas
15. MOLD RELEASE AGENT o. Mecanizado
16. MACHINING p. Temperatura
17. PRESSURE q. Fibra de Vidrio
18. POLYETHYLENE FILM r. Bolsa de Vaco
19. PEEL PLY s. Larguerillo
20. BLEEDER FABRIC t. Trapos de Algodn
21. SOLVENT u. Tejido Sangrador
22. THERMOCOUPLE v. Humedad
Pgina 28 de 49
VERIFICATION
1. MEASUREMENT a. Instruccin de Verificacin
2. GAGE b. Hoja de No Conformidad
3. GONO GO c. Pasa-No Pasa
4. MILIMETER d. Holgura
5. OUT OF TOLERANCE e. Calibre
6. ACCURACY f. Medicin
7. UNCERTAINTY g. Precisin
8. GAUGE h. Condiciones ambientales
9. NON CONFORMITY SHEET i. Desalineacin
10. QUALITY RECORDS j. Milmetro
11. GAP k. Incertidumbre
12. STEP l. Galga
13. INTERCHANGEABILITY m. Fuera de Tolerancia
14. ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS n. Intercambiabilidad
15. VERIFICATION INSTRUCTION o. Registros de Calidad
FUEL SYSTEM
1. PIPEWORK 1. Tanque principal
2. LEAK 2. Sangrado de Aire
3. PRESSURE 3. Fluido
4. VENT SYSTEM 4. Repostaje
5. FUEL SYSTEM 5. Adaptador
6. FLUID 6. Malla
7. VALVE 7. Boca de Carga
8. BLANK 8. Bomba
9. REFUEL 9. Aguas abajo
10. DRAINAGE 10. Cazoleta
11. ADAPTOR 11. Red de Tuberas
12. PUMP 12. Vlvula
13. SEALING CASE 13. Sistema de Combustible
14. AIR BLEED 14. Presin
15. MESH 15. Sistema de Ventilacin
16. TRIM-TANK 16. Drenaje
17. DOWNSTREAM 17. Tapn
18. INLET PORT 18. Fuga
Pgina 29 de 49
ASSEMBLY
1. WASHER a. Buln
2. FASTENER b. Remache Ciego
3. GRIND c. Soporte
4. BUSHING d. Arandela
5. DRAIN DRILL e. Remache
6. VALVE f. Casquillo
7. SLUG RIVET g. Brida
8. CLAMP h. Avellanado
9. JOGGLE i. Guin de Aplicabilidad
10. DRILLING MACHINE j. Chafln
11. COUNTERSINK k. Abolladura
12. FACE l. Taladro de Drenaje
13. CHAMFER m. Taladradora
14. DENT n. Fresadora
15. MILLER o. Mandrinadora
16. DUCT p. Conducto
17. FINISH q. Vlvula
18. BOLT r. Refrentar
19. DASH N s. Acabado
20. BRACKET t. Tornillo
21. SCREW u. Tuerca
22. NUT v. Rejilla
23. BORER w. Rectificar
24. GRID x. Estaje
Pgina 30 de 49
1. LAPPING a. Mordaza
2. RACK b. Etiqueta
3. LEAK c. Lapeado
4. RUST d. Fuga
5. LIFE e. Nivelar
6. SLOT f. Vida
7. LOCK g. Carga
8. PLATE h. Bloquear
9. SHIM i. Marcas,Marcado
10. REAMER j. Manguito
11. MARKING k. Lista de Partes
12. THREAD l. Pasador
13. NIPPLE m. Placa
14. LABEL n. Bastidor
15. PIN o. Materia Prima
16. RAW MATERIAL p. Escariador
17. LOAD q. Barra
18. ROD r. xido
19. JAW s. Junta
20. SEAL t. Suplemento
21. LEVEL u. Ranura
22. STRIP v. Decapar
23. PART LIST w. Rosca
Pgina 31 de 49
SPECIAL PROCESSES
1. CHEMICAL MILLING a. Trabajo en Fro

2. MACHINING OF COMPOSITES b. Fresado Qumico
3. WELDING c. Soldadura
4. PAINTING d. Tratamiento Trmico
5. INSTALLATION OF BALL BEARING e. Perdigoneado
6. HEAT TREATMENT f. Conformado
7. FORMING g. Ensayo de Estanqueidad
8. PREPARATION OF HOLES IN C.F. h. Inspeccin Ultrasnica
9. ELECTRICAL BONDING i. Inspeccin Radiogrfica
10. LEAK TESTING j. Aplicacin de Sellantes
11. RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION k. Anodizado Tartrico
12. APPLICATION OF SEALANTS l. Encolado Estructural
13. COLD WORKING m. Mecanizado de M.Compuestos
14. SHOTPEENING n. Instal. Remaches en Hmedo
15. TARTARIC ANODIZING o. Grapado de Cables
16. STRUCTURAL BONDING p. Instalacin de Rtulas
17. WET INSTALLATION OF FASTENERS q. Uniones de Masa
18. SWAGING OF WIRES r. Pintura
19. ULTRASONIC INSPECTION s. Conformado en caliente
20. HOT FORMING t. Preparacin de Taladros en F.C.
Pgina 32 de 49
METROLOGY
1. AUTOMATED a. Puntos ocultos
2. REVERSE ENGINEERING b. Precisin
3. TRACKER c. Tamao
4. MONITORING d. Adaptador
5. ALIGNMENT e. Resolucin
6. TARGET f. Ingeniera inversa
7. SCALE g. Seguimiento
8. UNCERTAINTY h. Objetivo
9. RESOLUTION i. Pantalla
10. POSITIONING j. Alineacin
11. METROLOGY k. Escala
12. OFFSET l. Automatizado
13. COORDINATES m. Incertidumbre
14. SIZE n. Posicionado
15. ACCURACY o. Metrologa
16. HIDDEN POINTS p. Compensar
17. SCALE BAR q. Barra de escala
18. ADAPTOR r. Rastreador
19. DISPLAY s. Coordenadas
20. RANGE t. Rango
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1. RESISTANCE a. Cable
2. ELECTRICAL CONTINUITY b. Mazos
3. SAFETY c. Dispositivo
4. DEVICE d. Seguridad
5. BONDED e. Masa
6. MILIOHMETER f. Banda
7. STRAP g. Aislamiento Elctrico
8. ELECTROSTATIC PROTECTION h. Unin de Masa
9. HARNESSES i. Resistencia
10. ELECTRICAL INSULATION j. Miliohmetro
11. ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCE k. Proteccin Electrosttica
12. WIRE l. Continuidad Elctrica
13. ELECTRICAL BONDING m. Unidad de Potencia
Pgina 33 de 49
2. Exercises
Exercise:
Translate the following text
4.3 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

_____ .
4.3.1 General requirements

___ .
Ensure that only qualified/approved materials are used.

.
Only personnel adequately trained shall perform the application of any sort of sealant.
__________________________________________________
The training shall be performed in accordance with the directives specified by

applicable procedure.
_____________________________________________________________________
__________________
The training shall be approved by the relevant Department.

___________________________________________________
Quality Assurance Department shall establish the period of validity of this qualification
training.
____________________________________________________
4.3.2 Storage of sealant

______ .
Unmixed products must be stored in their original packaging, sealed and unopened at
temperature specified by manufacturer.
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________
Mixed and frozen sealants shall fulfil the storage time and storage conditions defined in
the applicable relevant specification used to define freezing processes.
_____________________________________________________
Storage conditions must ensure that the material properties as given in the relevant
documents are not influenced.
_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________
Storage duration and temperature of mixed deep frosted sealant shall be such that no
chemical reaction of the sealant is observed during storage and no drop in material
properties as defined in the relevant documents will occur.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Pgina 34 de 49
Vocabulary
Sort: Tipo
Shall + Verb: Futuro del verbo posterior
To Perform: Desarrollar, realizar
Storage: Almacen, almacenamiento
To mix: Mezclar
Packaging: Embalaje
To Freeze: Congelar
Other relevant words:
Exercise:
product
----------------- ----------
Pgina 35 de 49
Answer:
Vocabulary:
Bare: Desnudo, no cubierto

Masking: Enmascarado
Stripping: desnudo
Scratch: Araazo, rasguo
Pgina 36 de 49
Exercise:
Answer:
Pgina 37 de 49
Vocabulary:
Woven: tejido/a (past of to weave: tejer)

Pad: almohadilla
Brush: cepillo
Bare: descubierto
Spotfacing: cara descubierta
Depth: profundidad
Layer: capa
Exercise:
Translate the following sentences
1. All Composite Thickness Dimension Tolerances are as follows..

_____________________________________________________
2. All holes equally spaced have to be within 0,2 mm.
___________________________________________
3. Attachments located 2D from joggles and adjacent structure.
___________________________________________________
4. Attachments located from part edges.
________________________________
5. Plies 103, -105 must be installed in all door dimensions.
_______________________________________________
6. Prepare holes for screws and rivets per s5075.
_______________________________________
7. To be installed after bonding.
_________________________
8. El adhesivo es opcional para este encolado.

_____________________________________
9. Lnea terica de acuerdo con las costillas.
___________________________________
10. La tolerancia en la orientacin de la fibra no se aplica en reas de forma compleja.
_____________________________________________________________________
11. La tolerancia para esta cota es + 0,5mm
____________________________________
Pgina 38 de 49
12. Taladros de Utillaje.

___________________
13. La superficie de utillaje coincidir con la primera capa del laminado.
_________________________________________________________
14. Las barras de torsin se precargan a . Cuando se instalan segn se indica.
_________________________________________________________________
Exercise:
5 QUALIFICATION TEST PROGRAM
5.1 Objective
The qualification test program describes the tests to be checked, whether the
manufacturing process complies with the requirements defined in the XXX
specification/ standards and/or additional requirements attached to the Qualification
process
The Qualification Test Program defines:
the number of test specimens and batches to be tested,
the test methods and/or test conditions (if not defined in the relevant process
specification).
5.2 Content
Depending on the type of the qualification, the category and the experience of the
manufacturing shop in the relevant manufacturing process; the Qualification Test
Program may be reduced in content compared to the qualification test program defined
in the relevant process specification.
Answer:
Pgina 39 de 49
3. Technical glossary
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Calidad 6

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Ingls tcnico aeronutico

1. ENGLISH ALPHABET pg. 3

2. PERSONAL PRONOUNS pg. 4

4. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE pgs. 5-7

5. ARTICLES pgs. 8-9

8. NUMBERS pgs. 11-13

9. IMPERATIVE MODE pgs. 13-14

10. ACTIVE/PASSIVE FORM pgs. 14-15

11. PREPOSITIONS pgs. 16-17

12. POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES pgs. 18-19

13. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS pg. 19

14. MODAL VERBS pgs. 20-21

15. REMINDER pgs. 22-24

1. CONNECT pgs. 25-33

2. EXERCISES pgs. 34-39

3. TECHNICAL GLOSSARY pgs. 40-49

Spell the following words:

The verb TO BE (SER; ESTAR)

The verb TO DO (HACER)*

Conjugate the verb To Do in all its forms.

4. Present simple tense

2. If the verb ends in consonant + y change y to i and add es.

Write down the following verbs in third person singular.

Negative sentence: I DONT SPEAK ENGLISH.

SUBJECT + DO + NOT + VERB (in base form)*

! The verb To Be is an exception from this rule. The negative is formed:

Put the following sentences in negative form. Mind the contractions.

Change the positive sentences from exercise 2) into negative.

Fill in the blanks using the verbs in parenthesis.

(INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE) +DO + SUBJECT + VERB (in base form)*

* The verb To Be is an exception from this rule. The interrogative is form

Examples: Do you work? T trabajas?

Order the words to make the adequate question.

Examples: California is in America. California est en Amrica.

Express habits and routines

Scheduled events in the near future

Examples: The party starts at 10 oclock. La fiesta empieza a las 10.

a + singular noun beginning with a consonant

an + singular noun beginning with a vowel

a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound

DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE

- Names of languages and nationalities

- Names of academic subjects

- Some geographical nouns: cities, towns, states, streets, lakes, mountains,

Fill in the blanks with a, an, the, x.

SOME TYPICAL VERBS USED IN SIMPLE TENSE

b. Possession Verbs - to possess, to own, to belong...

c. Emotion Verbs - to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind...

SOME VERBS OF SPECIAL INTEREST

WHOLE NUMBERS (CARDINALS)

0 ZERO 10 TEN 2O TWENTY

Units and tenths are linked with dash

100 ONE HUNDRED

In composed numbers: hundreds are always followed by and

If the number following a thousand is < 100 there is an and linking

If this number is >100 there is no and linking.

COMMON MATHEMATIC OPERATIONS

EXTRACTION OF A (SQUARE, CUBE) ROOT:

Write down in words the following numbers.

Numbers with decimals are pronounced as written

Ex: 34.56 thirty-four point fifty-six

Read out loud the following decimals.

Solve and read out loud the following mathematic expressions.

Exceptions are the first three which are completely irregular: